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20261012 040000 UTC
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[00:00:03] Politics means controlling, managing, leading,
[00:00:07] controlling domestic and foreign affairs.
[00:00:10] In general, there is a very basic definition of
[00:00:14] politics, which is the definition of Dr. Jalaluddin
[00:00:18] Madani. He says that politics is any kind of reflection,
[00:00:21] contemplation, deliberation, thinking in the field of
[00:00:24] controlling domestic, foreign, and international affairs of a state.
[00:00:28] In a way that we can.
[00:00:31] We can reach the public interest, and politics
[00:00:34] is, of course, this issue that explicitly
[00:00:37] in our Quran, the word politics
[00:00:41] exists. Of course, there are multiple verses from
[00:00:45] the perspective of Islamic studies that focus on political
[00:00:48] issues. Terms like Caliphate, Imamate, Leadership,
[00:00:52] development, and construction are terms that are undoubtedly mentioned
[00:00:56] in the Holy Quran. For example, we have the verse "And when your Lord said to the angels,
[00:00:59] 'I will place a vicegerent on the earth.'" The discussion of Caliph is derived from Caliphate
[00:01:03] and this refers to political and Hadith matters. We also have
[00:01:06] a narration from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), Abd al-Rahman ibn Sakhr
[00:01:10] who narrates that the Prophet of Islam defined politics
[00:01:14] by saying: "The Children of Israel were ruled
[00:01:17] by their prophets." The term "rule" actually indicates
[00:01:21] that politics has a place, and the importance of
[00:01:24] politics within the Islamic system is also one of the most
[00:01:27] important and fundamental goals. And we have the verse.
[00:02:00] Allow me to explain the matter a little more to the viewers. Most
[00:02:04] scholars, starting from the West,
[00:02:07] like Machiavelli, like, for example,
[00:02:11] Henry Kissinger, and James Rosenau,
[00:02:15] when we discuss their studies
[00:02:18] in politics, their main focus is on the national
[00:02:21] interests of states. That is, what is considered very important and fundamental
[00:02:25] in the domestic and foreign policy of states is
[00:02:29] that states.
[00:03:00] Whether in the context of foreign policy, if we discuss
[00:03:03] specifically in the dictionary of Hanafi
[00:03:06] jurisprudence terms, it mostly deals with issues
[00:03:10] like the treatment of Dhimmis, as well as treaties. You have
[00:03:13] raised and discussed issues that are worthy of consideration and tolerance. However, what is
[00:03:17] very important is that from the perspective of
[00:03:20] scholars and thinkers of the Islamic world, when
[00:03:23] foreign policy is focused on and concentrated on, the goal and
[00:03:27] objective is that we can achieve the unity of the Ummah
[00:03:31] and that standards such as justice,
[00:03:34] cooperation, freedom, equality, and
[00:03:37] preventing conflict and animosity are adopted in our relations with
[00:03:40] other states. This is one discussion. However, if
[00:03:43] we specifically address the differences between domestic and foreign policy,
[00:03:47] look, my dear نعمت, when we talk about the domestic
[00:03:51] policy of states, in
[00:03:53] reality, in the realm of domestic policy,
[00:03:56] states mainly focus on issues.
[00:04:03] It is about the relationships between individuals, meaning the scope of the state's sovereign power in domestic
[00:04:06] policy is very strong and intense, and the goal of states in
[00:04:10] domestic policy is to control affairs and regulate the
[00:04:14] governance system in the economic, educational, and
[00:04:17] social spheres within states. However, when we talk about foreign policy,
[00:04:21] in the terminology of international relations, when we talk about
[00:04:24] foreign policy, here the role of states goes beyond
[00:04:28] just themselves. Rather, states are involved in
[00:04:31] relations with other actors of international law. We have states, organizations,
[00:04:35] and individuals as actors of international law.
[00:04:39] That is, in foreign policy, states are actually drawn
[00:04:42] out to establish relations with
[00:04:46] each other to achieve national interests and
[00:04:49] meet their material and spiritual needs. They establish relations with
[00:04:53] each other, with other actors, with organizations, with
[00:04:57] important individuals, and with other states that
[00:05:10] domestic and foreign policy exists within states. We say that in
[00:05:13] domestic policy, it is mostly about the relations between individuals,
[00:05:17] and the relations between individuals and the state are within geographical
[00:05:20] borders, and the sphere of sovereignty is strong in this area.
[00:05:24] However, in foreign policy, the sphere
[00:05:27] of state sovereignty is mostly smaller, and relations
[00:05:31] are mostly attempted to be based on diplomacy, negotiation,
[00:05:34] dialogue, and other strategies that have been defined and outlined so that states
[00:05:38] can achieve their goals. Right, the influential factors.
[00:05:43] What are they in foreign policy? There are a series of
[00:05:47] factors and determinants, dear
[00:05:51] Mr. Ne'mat, that affect the foreign policy of states. That is, on what
[00:05:54] basis, what components, and what frameworks
[00:05:58] do states define and outline their foreign policy?
[00:06:01] For example, beliefs and values. The beliefs and
[00:06:05] values of every nation are different. Every geographical area, every
[00:06:08] sovereign area, has its prominent beliefs and values.
[00:06:12] Therefore, states try to consider one of the influential components
[00:06:16] on their foreign policy. For example, the system of the Islamic
[00:06:20] Emirate of Afghanistan. One of the issues that forms its working agenda
[00:06:24] in its foreign policy is the system and the internal beliefs and values
[00:06:28] of our country, which must be upheld in the field of diplomacy
[00:06:31] and dialogue and our relations with other countries, whether Western countries
[00:06:35] or foreign countries. Our beliefs and values should not be questioned,
[00:06:39] whether in the field of foreign relations or in the field of speech.
[00:06:56] They design their foreign policy in such a way that they can
[00:06:59] solve their internal problems. That is, when we discuss foreign policy,
[00:07:03] Mr. Ne'mat, today's states are no longer
[00:07:07] like the theories of 1648, the Peace of Westphalia. Today's
[00:07:11] states have different needs. Today, we cannot
[00:07:14] confine states within their geographical
[00:07:18] borders and say that we have nothing to do
[00:07:22] with anyone. No, needs dictate
[00:07:25] diplomatic needs, economic needs,
[00:07:28] educational needs, and training needs.
[00:07:31] For example, today we witnessed,
[00:07:35] so to speak, in various fields, whether with China,
[00:07:39] or with the United States, or with European countries, or with
[00:07:42] Asian countries, or with Russia, within the framework of the Moscow format,
[00:07:46] all these needs compel states to strive
[00:07:50] to achieve their national interests and also to
[00:07:54] meet their needs. Therefore, one of the other fundamental
[00:07:57] factors, in addition to beliefs and values, that plays a role in the foreign
[00:08:01] policy of states is the discussion of internal problems and public opinion,
[00:08:05] so that we can study and assess public opinion and, based on that, shape
[00:08:08] foreign policy. Domestic needs, the structure of the international
[00:08:12] system, and also historical and cultural factors
[00:08:16] are among the criteria that have a very important
[00:08:19] and fundamental impact on
[00:08:23] the formation of foreign policy. For
[00:08:27] further study, friends and loved ones who are interested in this field
[00:08:30] can read the book "Foreign Policy of Great
[00:08:33] Powers" or the book "Principles of International Relations" by Dr. Maliha Hassan.
[00:08:37] Friends and dear ones can read it and more explanations have
[00:08:40] been provided in this regard.
[00:08:58] One of the very important and fundamental tools of foreign policy
[00:09:02] is diplomacy. We must see, a lot of our discussions
[00:09:05] should not be too academic so that our friends do not get bored.
[00:09:09] Some terms, one discussion that is very important in political science.
[00:09:32] One of the precise tools for implementing foreign policy is diplomacy,
[00:09:35] and let's remember that diplomacy is one of
[00:09:38] the tools for implementing foreign policy. That is, foreign policy
[00:09:41] is overall. Foreign policy defines and determines
[00:09:45] all strategies, programs, and important
[00:09:48] and fundamental indicators. However, diplomacy is one of the important
[00:09:52] and fundamental tools for implementing foreign policy. Let me
[00:09:55] briefly define diplomacy. We say diplomacy
[00:09:58] is a method. Diplomacy is a peaceful
[00:10:02] method for implementing and achieving
[00:10:05] the goals and objectives of a state's foreign policy using peaceful means.
[00:10:09] Diplomacy itself is one of the fundamental tools
[00:10:16] for implementing the foreign policy of states,
[00:10:20] which is the discussion of diplomacy and negotiation, where states sit
[00:10:23] down and negotiate with each other. They talk, they
[00:10:27] reach an understanding on working agendas. The second tool
[00:10:31] is military threats. This is one of the important tools that,
[00:10:34] unfortunately, today we are witnessing various
[00:10:37] military threats when diplomacy does not work.
[00:10:41] For example, if we compare the recent wars between the Zionist
[00:10:45] regime, the United States, and the Islamic Republic of Iran,
[00:10:49] dear Mr. Ne'mat, if, for example,
[00:10:51] despite negotiations in foreign policy,
[00:10:55] we witnessed the formation of the Islamabad Pact or Treaty,
[00:10:58] but we saw that diplomacy was ineffective.
[00:11:02] This is where, when negotiation and diplomacy are ineffective in implementing
[00:11:06] the foreign policy of states, states resort to military action.
[00:11:09] For example, the US also says that
[00:11:12] we are determined to achieve our goals, and the Islamic Republic
[00:11:16] also says that we have witnessed
[00:11:19] one of the ministers of the Islamic Republic
[00:11:22] said in his official statement yesterday that
[00:11:26] we have inherited the struggle
[00:11:29] against aggressor states from the Afghans.
[00:11:32] Just as the Afghans resisted America, Britain,
[00:11:36] Russia, and other powers that wanted to dismantle the internal
[00:11:40] structure of Afghanistan, the Iranian nation also uses these
[00:11:43] agendas and stands against aggression.
[00:11:47] Therefore, Mr. Ne'mat, in addition to diplomacy,
[00:11:50] which is considered a tool for implementing the foreign policy
[00:11:54] of states, resorting to force may also be one of the
[00:11:58] justifications or rationales for states to
[00:12:01] stand firm in implementing their foreign policy. Sanctions are another tool.
[00:12:04] What is very clear is, for example, Iran says the Strait of Hormuz is closed,
[00:12:08] and we strike several ships daily, American ships.
[00:12:12] And in fact, how much impact does
[00:12:15] this have on world policy? And the US also says that we
[00:12:18] impose severe economic sanctions
[00:12:21] against Iran. And in the same way, with the annexation of Crimea to Russia,
[00:12:25] different economic sanctions are imposed on Iran.
[00:12:29] That is, one of the tools for implementing
[00:12:32] foreign policy is sanctions. Another issue that
[00:12:35] theoretically shows the tool for implementing foreign policy
[00:12:38] is humanitarian aid, where states, under the guise
[00:12:42] of human rights aid, under the guise of I don't know,
[00:12:46] democracy, under the guise of human rights, try to
[00:12:49] use seemingly veiled ideas
[00:12:52] with luxurious legal and international
[00:12:55] words and international law to implement and create
[00:12:59] their foreign policy goals in various countries.
[00:13:02] And also, alliances and the creation of international institutions
[00:13:06] are among the strategies, for example, we see their practical
[00:13:09] examples. The United Nations, despite being a reality,
[00:13:13] is what we analyze. It is something that is created in the media.
[00:13:17] We consider the United Nations as an international
[00:13:20] institution. Countries are members of it, but
[00:13:24] unfortunately.
[00:13:55] Foreign policy after the French Revolution, after the American Revolution, was established
[00:13:58] in America, the institution of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but the original nature of
[00:14:02] foreign policy has existed throughout the history of human societies, and states
[00:14:05] and nations have embarked on foreign policy to meet their needs.
[00:14:09] And throughout history, which is a very broad academic discussion,
[00:14:13] foreign policy has had a very prominent
[00:14:16] historical development in various fields. Of course,
[00:14:20] I will briefly tell you that the difference between today's foreign
[00:14:23] policy and the past is evident. In the past, foreign policy
[00:14:27] was limited to basic needs and ensuring the national security of countries.
[00:14:30] But today, with globalization, with
[00:14:33] communication, with the connections and closeness of the world
[00:14:37] to each other, the foreign policy of states is no longer limited
[00:14:40] to security issues. Instead, it can encompass different issues
[00:14:44] in various political, economic, social,
[00:14:47] cultural, educational, and training fields, and bring states
[00:14:50] together in communication.
[00:16:37] The diseases that increase in this season, Inshallah, we will talk
[00:16:41] about them, Dr. Salaam Alaikum Wa Rahmatullah, good morning.
[00:16:44] Thanks to the name of God, the Tablet and the Pen, the recorder
[00:16:48] of truth, the existence of a God who knows secrets, the first
[00:16:51] beginning of beginnings. With greetings, blessings, and respect to
[00:16:55] you, esteemed and dignified, technical colleagues,
[00:16:58] dear compatriots who are watching and listening to us inside and outside the country.
[00:17:02] Inshallah, may you always be successful, prosperous, victorious, and blessed. May your bodies be healthy
[00:17:06] and your smiles complete. Thank you. I am very happy to see you
[00:17:09] again. Let's talk about seasonal diseases,
[00:17:13] especially in the autumn season. Doctor, why do some
[00:17:16] diseases that we don't expect increase
[00:17:19] especially in this season and with the change of season? What is the reason
[00:17:23] that some diseases increase? In
[00:17:26] answer to your question, we should mention that the concept and topic
[00:17:29] of the main part that we are talking about today
[00:17:33] is one of the seasonal diseases, and especially diseases that occur in autumn.
[00:19:08] The body undergoes changes that cause some diseases
[00:19:11] to appear in it. If we say that the diseases that are more common
[00:19:15] and prevalent in autumn are what we call the common
[00:19:19] cold or flu, and also
[00:19:23] the flu or influenza.
[00:19:25] is
[00:19:27] From
[00:19:34] another perspective, we can say that in areas where the issue of
[00:19:38] since this is mostly related to internal
[00:19:41] respiratory, which is the lungs,
[00:19:44] methodology
[00:19:47] says that the ears and throat are more affected, and the eyes
[00:19:50] are affected, which we call sinusitis
[00:19:53] in the part of the human ear that gets
[00:19:57] inflamed. It can also cause inflammation of the pharynx,
[00:20:01] which is called pharyngitis, and also
[00:20:03] inflammation of the
[00:20:05] larynx, which is called laryngitis and tonsillitis.
[00:20:09] These and others can make us
[00:20:13] susceptible to other respiratory diseases that usually occur in autumn or
[00:20:16] winter, such as pneumonia or emphysema.
[00:20:20] They call it bronchitis. They call it COPD,
[00:20:23] and we can also say that those who have asthma,
[00:20:27] these diseases cause them to have more severe symptoms in autumn
[00:20:30] and winter. It is possible that the cause is bacterial
[00:20:34] or viral, like what we see in summer.
[00:21:20] It is possible that some conditions that are factor diseases
[00:21:24] or aggravating factors for other diseases such as heart diseases
[00:21:28] may be high blood pressure, or those who have
[00:21:31] immune system diseases, or those who may
[00:21:34] have diseases such as oncology, cancer, and so on. That is, in general,
[00:21:38] different systems of the body are affected
[00:21:42] and attacked. Right. You mentioned
[00:21:45] a very good point that in autumn, moods change. Some
[00:21:48] of us see in society that when autumn arrives, people become
[00:21:52] gloomy, and especially they say, "I feel somewhat depressed." What is the
[00:21:56] reason for this, Doctor? We have a term in the field
[00:21:59] of neurology, nervous intellect, mental health, or psychology,
[00:22:03] called SAD,
[00:22:06] which means seasonal affective disorder. The reason for this
[00:22:09] is the lack of sunlight during summer,
[00:22:13] and in spring, we have more sunlight. In autumn, changes
[00:22:17] in rhythm also occur in our sleep patterns. Also,
[00:22:20] in terms of our mood,
[00:22:23] which is related to some of the hormones we have,
[00:22:27] the happy hormones like serotonin, dopamine, endorphins,
[00:22:30] these are hormones that are produced in our
[00:22:33] bodies, or melatonin, which is a sleep hormone. This causes
[00:22:37] us to be active, energetic, happy,
[00:22:40] and also, it increases our state of happiness.
[00:22:44] Unfortunately, in autumn, with the changes in weather, when
[00:22:48] the amount of sunlight, let's say, decreases,
[00:22:52] and we usually spend less
[00:22:55] time in the sun, this causes the level of some vitamins
[00:22:58] to decrease in us, especially vitamin D3,
[00:23:02] which we say is like calcium and such, calciferol and such, and it can also
[00:23:06] be vitamin B12, or vitamins that are very important
[00:23:10] for our immune resistance, which is vitamin C,
[00:23:13] and also vitamins E and these decrease in you,
[00:23:17] and this is a condition that, due to
[00:23:20] recognized and unrecognized etiological factors, in autumn,
[00:23:24] causes us to have mood changes. However, our dear compatriots,
[00:23:28] friends, viewers, and listeners, should know
[00:23:31] and understand that
[00:23:35] this has been scientifically confirmed and approved. It is possible
[00:23:38] that changes and again with the change of season and some factors that,
[00:23:42] so to speak, we can, by taking some
[00:23:45] external substances, we can also reverse those changes.
[00:25:20] wear clothes that, as we said, usually keep
[00:25:24] us warm as much as possible, that is better and more appropriate to use.
[00:25:27] And usually, some activities that cause
[00:25:31] us to suffer from seasonal illnesses. And some
[00:25:35] people who have seasonal allergies, you have usually seen that in
[00:25:38] spring and in autumn or
[00:25:41] winter, one of the people has seasonal allergies.
[00:25:44] If we keep our immune system strong, it is a very good and excellent thing.
[00:25:48] بکنیم بسیار زیاد کار نیک عالی هستن.