RUSSIA1 — O samom glavnom
20261105 065500 UTC
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[00:00:00] Later,
[00:01:15] gas and electric ones appeared, and today they also continue to illuminate the streets. Of course, historical memory and modern technologies do not argue with each other. Where it is appropriate,
[00:01:19] the city has preserved its unique ancient
[00:01:22] appearance. Veronika Tarasova, Vera Tyurina, Andrey Yurchuk
[00:01:26] and Ada Adamova. Vesti. The museum's exposition.
[00:02:16] They are creating Soviet Square, it will be ready for the New Year. In the future, they plan to
[00:02:20] add a memorial park, the Avangard stadium, as well as the Kolomna
[00:02:23] and
[00:02:25] Golutvin railway stations.
[00:02:28] And that's all we have for this hour. Denis Polanchukov was with you. See you.
[00:03:08] Today on the program: Is it true that one spoon of apple
[00:03:12] cider vinegar saves from sugar spikes and helps to lose
[00:03:15] weight? We dispel misconceptions. The consumption
[00:03:19] of apple cider vinegar reduces the glucose spike after
[00:03:22] a meal by almost 30%.
[00:03:25] Blood pressure 150 and above. How elevated blood pressure.
[00:03:46] Good vision during the day does not necessarily mean good vision
[00:03:50] at night. What is contrast sensitivity? Why
[00:03:53] do you see poorly in twilight? The more
[00:03:56] the lens becomes cloudy, the more it decreases. Why
[00:04:08] do some people get over a cold easily, while others have complications?
[00:04:12] What is the danger of prolonged viral diseases and how to quickly get back on
[00:04:16] your feet? In modern medicine, remedies are
[00:04:19] widely in demand that act against
[00:04:23] various pathogens and
[00:04:25] influenza.
[00:04:31] Good morning, hello! Today we
[00:04:33] are discussing a product that has long ceased to be just
[00:04:37] a salad dressing. This is apple
[00:04:41] cider vinegar. For some, it has been gathering dust on the
[00:04:44] shelf for a long time, while others, on the contrary, actively consume
[00:04:48] it. Attention to the
[00:04:51] screen.
[00:04:57] Do not buy apple cider vinegar, it burned my intestines. Just one
[00:05:01] tablespoon of apple cider vinegar on an empty stomach speeds up
[00:05:05] metabolism. I wanted to cure heartburn with apple
[00:05:08] cider vinegar, it resulted in a strong burning sensation. On the advice of a friend... I read
[00:05:20] that apple cider vinegar helps with
[00:05:22] reflux. It worked at first, then it got
[00:05:26] worse, be careful. I rubbed my
[00:05:29] legs with vinegar at night, got rid of spider veins,
[00:05:32] I recommend it. Well, in general, it's clear that
[00:05:36] all these internet conversations sound somewhat unbelievable,
[00:05:39] but I must say, apple cider vinegar,
[00:05:43] that its tradition of use as such
[00:05:47] a, well, essentially a medicinal remedy, appeared
[00:05:50] long before the Internet, in fact, of course,
[00:05:53] like any product, it can harm
[00:05:57] if used incorrectly, and it can also bring benefits. So where does an
[00:06:01] ordinary seasoning get such a loud reputation? Can you
[00:06:04] drink pure vinegar to improve medical
[00:06:08] indicators and how to use it correctly? Let's discuss all this together with
[00:06:11] our. Marina Sergeevna Makisha,
[00:06:15] nutritionist, member of the National Association of Nutritionists
[00:06:19] and Nutritionists of Russia. Marina
[00:06:22] Sergeevna, good morning. Good
[00:06:24] morning.
[00:06:27] Marina Sergeevna, do you like apple cider vinegar? I have it at
[00:06:31] home, I replenish my stock regularly, I use
[00:06:34] it in cooking, that is, I add it to salads, and
[00:06:37] in summer, sometimes I feel like cold water,
[00:06:41] sour, and I add vinegar there accordingly
[00:06:45] and drink it like that. Let's first clarify what apple
[00:06:49] cider vinegar is. Apples are crushed, turned into a pulp
[00:06:52] like this. Because yeast is contained on their skin,
[00:06:56] alcoholic fermentation begins. Essentially,
[00:06:59] a product known in France
[00:07:03] as cider is formed. Then special acetic
[00:07:06] acid bacteria come into play, which do what? They
[00:07:10] oxidize
[00:07:12] the resulting alcohol. They convert it into acetic
[00:07:15] acid. Uh-huh. At some point, the acidity
[00:07:19] reaches a level where bacteria can no longer multiply,
[00:07:22] then they say that apple cider vinegar
[00:07:25] has matured. It turns out that vinegar is
[00:07:28] a fermented product. Everyone knows that such products are
[00:07:32] full of benefits. Let's see if this is actually
[00:07:35] true. Oh,
[00:07:39] does vinegar improve digestion? It should
[00:07:42] be noted that acetic acid is a kind
[00:07:46] of activator for the production of digestive enzymes in
[00:07:49] the stomach. Due to this, digestion is indeed
[00:07:53] stimulated, but we note that it is better to stimulate it before
[00:07:57] eating, on an empty stomach or during,
[00:07:59] yes, so it's a good habit to add
[00:08:02] vinegar to salads, to appetizers,
[00:08:06] directly before lunch or dinner or during.
[00:08:09] Another statement is that apple cider vinegar...
[00:09:12] and draw conclusions from them that people need to drink
[00:09:16] vinegar, need to drink anticoagulants, and so on, of course, it's
[00:09:19] absolutely forbidden, but nevertheless, there's a basis for
[00:09:23] discussion here, that is, we can, for example, say both
[00:09:26] truth and myth. Let's move on. Lowers
[00:09:30] cholesterol levels. In some studies, it was indeed
[00:09:33] shown, albeit insignificant, but nevertheless,
[00:09:36] a reduction in total cholesterol, but we understand that
[00:09:39] it is very important for us that bad cholesterol is lowered, because
[00:09:50] only in mice that showed some changes in bad
[00:09:54] cholesterol levels, that is, in terms of reduction, but still
[00:09:57] additional research is required in order for us to be able to talk
[00:10:01] about such an ability of apple cider vinegar, that is, it's true, it still
[00:10:04] lowers it, closer to the truth.
[00:10:07] Let's move on, apple cider vinegar has an
[00:10:10] antimicrobial effect. In the presence of apple
[00:10:13] cider vinegar, the cells of our immune system (macrophages)
[00:10:17] begin to more actively absorb pathogenic
[00:10:20] bacteria, and this is, of course, an important point for
[00:10:23] the prevention of intestinal infections, yes, we are not talking about
[00:10:27] treatment in any case, but nevertheless, in order to maintain your intestinal
[00:10:31] flora in good condition and reduce the risk
[00:10:35] of the development of pathogenic bacteria, apple cider vinegar will
[00:10:38] help us. And finally, it helps
[00:10:41] to lose weight. Oh, I want to note that this trend
[00:10:45] of losing weight with vinegar, it was indeed present on social
[00:10:48] networks, I myself saw a lot of such advertising,
[00:10:52] I drink vinegar and lose weight, all these stories, but of course,
[00:10:56] we remind you that there are no fat-burning products,
[00:10:59] if weight is lost, then weight is lost only due to a calorie
[00:11:03] deficit, which is created with the help of nutrition. Attempts
[00:11:06] to lose weight with vinegar, consuming it in incredible
[00:11:10] quantities, this is already truly a situation that can be
[00:11:13] potentially dangerous, because it is still an acid,
[00:11:17] it affects the digestive system, and tooth enamel. You can
[00:11:21] add it to food to make it tastier, more varied,
[00:11:24] but... it's definitely not a way to lose weight. Well, like spices, for example, we can't
[00:11:28] lose weight on spices, eating only spices, you can go crazy, well, someone
[00:11:32] also thinks you can eat chili peppers or drink green tea, only,
[00:11:35] here's the story about how some product will help you
[00:11:39] lose weight, that's a myth, and apple cider vinegar too.
[00:11:42] How then to properly use it?
[00:11:46] If, for example, you add a tablespoon to a glass of water,
[00:11:49] that's great, it turns out, well, essentially, what turns out is a
[00:11:53] non-sour, well, kind of
[00:11:55] a berry drink, and I, you know, how I did it, a pleasant sourness
[00:11:59] like that, a slightly summery aroma, when you want
[00:12:03] kvass, I found a very interesting option, I take
[00:12:06] this kvass and add apple cider vinegar,
[00:12:10] because on the one hand it reduces glucose spikes, so
[00:12:14] on the other hand, kvass acquires a pleasant apple
[00:12:17] aftertaste. How to correctly choose vinegar, what should it
[00:12:20] be like? For example, I came to the store, right? Uh-huh, in this
[00:12:24] bottle, a minimum of 1 kg of ripe apples. Always look at
[00:12:27] the composition. The composition should indicate the raw material, that is,
[00:12:30] apples, essentially, there might also be
[00:12:34] sugars, and not much else should be there. If you see a direct, very simple composition:
[00:12:38] apple cider vinegar, that's it, laconic.
[00:12:41] If you see that there are some flavorings,
[00:12:44] colorings, then most likely it's a product
[00:12:47] that won't be entirely natural, what it's made of is not always
[00:12:51] clear. Can everyone have apple cider vinegar or are there any restrictions? Well... restrictions
[00:12:55] include, firstly, conditions where there is an
[00:12:58] exacerbation of diseases of the digestive system,
[00:13:01] for example, gastritis, uh, stomach ulcers.
[00:13:05] Acid can irritate the mucous membrane and intensify
[00:13:08] pain symptoms, as well as a number of dental problems, in particular
[00:13:12] increased sensitivity of tooth enamel, or again, some
[00:13:16] inflammatory diseases in the oral cavity may be a
[00:13:19] restriction to using the product at this particular moment
[00:13:23] in time. I remind you that all episodes of our program can be found on the
[00:13:26] online media platform "Smotrim" in the application on the website
[00:13:28] smotrim.ru. Thank you very much. Today we
[00:13:32] talked about apple cider vinegar, a product that has been known since
[00:13:36] time immemorial and can indeed be beneficial for our
[00:13:39] health. Pressure 150/80, but
[00:13:43] feeling good. Is this normal? And how do
[00:13:46] elevated readings, even with good health, affect
[00:13:50] other organs? Academician, cardiologist Yuri Nikevich
[00:13:53] will tell us about this.
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[00:19:23] everyone. Patients often come to me
[00:19:26] and say: "Well, my working pressure is
[00:19:30] 140/90, 150,
[00:19:33] that's when I work hard." Working
[00:19:36] pressure... and you start a long,
[00:19:39] detailed conversation with them
[00:19:43] about the so-called target levels,
[00:19:46] indicators that ensure
[00:19:49] a person a long life
[00:19:52] without serious diseases. We will talk
[00:19:56] about this a little today.
[00:19:58] I have a question for the audience. Please tell me, who here has blood pressure
[00:20:01] above normal, but feels
[00:20:04] good? My mom. Well, let's hear from
[00:20:08] the lady. Hello, my name is Tatyana, I'm
[00:20:11] 58 years old, my blood pressure is 130/90. I was
[00:20:15] a doctor, but I also do sports, fitness, he says
[00:20:18] it's normal, well, monitor your health and
[00:20:21] normal cholesterol, I have seven, well, he says it's still
[00:20:24] normal for now, okay, got it, so, who else
[00:20:28] has higher? Hello, my name is Natalia, I found out that my
[00:20:32] blood pressure is 170/120 in the doctor's
[00:20:36] office. I needed a therapist's conclusion for an
[00:20:39] operation, when he told me that I had
[00:20:42] 170, I said: "Throw away your device!" That is, I felt
[00:20:45] perfectly fine at that moment. When
[00:20:49] I told another doctor about it, it was another
[00:20:52] day, it turned out that I had 164 at that
[00:20:55] moment, but at the same time I say that at home, when I measure it, I have
[00:20:59] 120-17, as she explained to me, I am
[00:21:02] so afraid of doctors that at that moment my blood pressure can increase,
[00:21:06] but I don't feel it at all. I understand, thank
[00:21:09] you. Well, this is not called
[00:21:13] fear of doctors, it's white coat syndrome. This is an
[00:21:17] official term, when a person comes and just the sight
[00:21:20] of a doctor starts
[00:21:23] to raise blood pressure. Why does this happen to perfectly healthy people? So, you
[00:21:26] see that there are people
[00:21:29] who live with high blood pressure. What
[00:21:32] happens to our ordinary patient who
[00:21:35] has high blood pressure? Sooner or later, this
[00:21:39] all turns into the so-called
[00:21:43] cardiorenohepatometabolic
[00:21:45] syndrome. We have returned to what we were
[00:21:49] called to do.
[00:22:20] You were always normotensive, so in principle, for you, this range of
[00:22:23] 120-130, well, you don't have excess body weight, you are
[00:22:26] tanned, which means you spend a lot of time outdoors in
[00:22:29] the sun, so everything is fine here, but
[00:22:32] it begins, so as not to offend our patients, we call
[00:22:36] this excess body weight, and most
[00:22:39] importantly, abdominal obesity begins,
[00:22:42] visceral fat tissue - it is harmful, it
[00:22:46] produces active substances that sooner or
[00:22:50] later lead to arterial
[00:22:53] hypertension, the appearance of type 2 diabetes
[00:22:56] - this is not insulin-dependent diabetes
[00:22:59] mellitus, chronic kidney disease, metabolic
[00:23:03] syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, that is,
[00:23:06] it is a violation of the lipid spectrum, but there are no heart diseases
[00:23:10] yet, these are only risk factors for metabolic
[00:23:12] syndrome. Only at the third stage
[00:23:16] does some
[00:23:19] disease begin,
[00:23:23] which is provoked by these
[00:23:26] metabolic factors. Well, the fourth stage is already a clinically expressed
[00:23:29] disease. Of course, we must
[00:23:32] control target blood pressure levels. Normal -
[00:23:36] range 120-130
[00:23:38] 80-85.
[00:23:41] Beyond that is already elevated blood pressure. Can we
[00:23:45] recommend a little higher, yes, for elderly
[00:23:48] people, especially where there is narrowing of the carotid arteries,
[00:23:52] they need normal perfusion pressure, there we can agree on
[00:23:55] 135, but not 140, not
[00:23:58] 160. Next is heart
[00:24:01] rate, which also needs to be controlled, because tachycardia
[00:24:05] is not so good in terms of
[00:24:09] longevity, stress on the heart, and of course cholesterol
[00:24:12] level, an indicator of whether
[00:24:15] atherosclerosis will develop in this
[00:24:18] person. We are approaching the stage when we
[00:24:22] can predict, when we
[00:24:25] examine healthy individuals, we have been developing
[00:24:28] and have now developed a system called Metabascan, which
[00:24:31] can, in a healthy person, by looking at
[00:24:34] the metabolome, this is done by artificial intelligence, because
[00:24:38] they examine up to 75,000 metabolites, and
[00:24:41] we can say, for example, the status of the microbiota, that is, how well the
[00:24:45] gut microbiota works, what the situation is with inflammation,
[00:24:49] what the situation is with the respiratory system, the state of the
[00:24:52] system, and so on and so forth. And here we
[00:24:56] encountered a very interesting problem, an important problem. We know
[00:25:00] how to treat ischemic heart disease, we know how to treat arterial
[00:25:03] hypertension. But what to advise a healthy
[00:25:06] person, if we see that he has
[00:25:09] an immune system defect, sooner or later, this will lead to some
[00:25:13] disease, this is not an easy question, because
[00:25:17] there are practically no medicines for healthy
[00:25:21] people. This is what we are currently working on, we are developing ways
[00:25:24] to influence the health of a healthy person, we
[00:25:27] are talking about how to influence
[00:25:31] the cardio-renal-hepato-metabolic
[00:25:34] syndrome, how simple and complex it is to control heart
[00:25:37] rate and blood pressure, blood
[00:25:40] glucose, glycated hemoglobin - this is an indicator that
[00:25:44] reflects the glucose level over
[00:25:46] a month, a lipid profile, cholesterol level.
[00:26:33] Modern medicine is complex,
[00:26:36] yes, but very effective.
[00:26:39] If you have any questions, come to me for a consultation. I hand over the floor to
[00:26:42] my colleagues who will continue our broadcast. Goodbye.
[00:26:45] свидания.
[00:26:52] This is the "Ask the Doctor" segment. In this
[00:26:56] studio, viewers ask questions to Dr. Agapkin, and also send their
[00:26:59] video questions, and he answers them. Let's start with
[00:27:03] a video question. Hello, my name is Serova Polina,
[00:27:07] I am 27 years old, and I have always been interested to know if it's true that our
[00:27:11] immunity directly depends on gut health. Colds have become
[00:27:14] frequent, bothering both me and my family. Is it
[00:27:17] possible that this depends directly on the gut, and what could be
[00:27:21] done to start restoring the gastrointestinal tract, besides
[00:27:25] taking prebiotics? Indeed, our immunity depends
[00:27:28] on the state of the intestinal microflora, as well as our metabolic status,
[00:27:32] the state of our nervous system, and much, much more. If
[00:27:36] before the main focus was on single probiotics,
[00:27:39] that is, some single bacterial cultures that a person took in
[00:27:43] fairly large doses, trying to colonize
[00:27:46] their intestines with some one very useful
[00:27:49] bacterium. Now, all scientists mainly
[00:27:53] agree that the value of the intestinal
[00:27:56] microbiota lies in its diversity. In this regard, the main emphasis is now
[00:27:59] placed more on prebiotics, that is, on
[00:28:03] various dietary plant fibers that are a nutrient
[00:28:06] medium for the intestinal microflora, on
[00:28:09] fermented products. Therefore, the ideal option is
[00:28:12] fermented vegetables, fermented
[00:28:15] fruits, fermented dairy products, just regularly
[00:28:19] consumed in food. According to studies, this is even more effective.
[00:28:23] Thank you.
[00:28:26] We are smoothly moving on and waiting for your questions, my friends.
[00:28:29] Please, those who have questions, be bolder, raise your hands.
[00:28:33] Sir, please, my youngest daughter is 15 years old.
[00:28:36] Sometimes, when she takes a bath, she gets dizzy,
[00:28:39] she loses orientation, according to her.
[00:28:43] Sometimes she almost lost consciousness. This really
[00:28:46] bothers my wife and me. Please tell us what to do in this
[00:28:49] situation. Well, look, what you need to pay attention to is, first,
[00:28:53] it's completely banal to measure blood pressure, because, well, what happens in the bath? When a person
[00:28:57] lies in hot water, his peripheral blood vessels
[00:29:01] dilate.
[00:29:04] It redistributes, systemic arterial pressure, it begins to decrease. So,
[00:29:07] if a person's blood pressure is normal, well, the most he
[00:29:11] can experience, yes, is some slight, momentary
[00:29:14] dizziness, and even then, only if he gets up sharply, yes. A person
[00:29:18] whose blood pressure is low can actually feel such pronounced
[00:29:22] faintness, yes, even up to
[00:29:26] actual loss of consciousness. The second thing to pay attention to is
[00:29:29] the hemoglobin level, because often they can
[00:29:33] appear in the same way, why? Because when the pressure drops,
[00:29:37] if the concentration of hemoglobin and oxygen is already
[00:29:39] low, then even less reaches the brain. These
[00:29:43] problems need to be dealt with. Well, if it's anemia, it's clear that
[00:29:46] there's a diet that contains a lot of iron,
[00:29:50] yes, there are iron supplements, everything is relatively clear here. With
[00:29:54] low blood pressure, there's usually no
[00:29:58] special treatment, yes, it's mostly about correcting
[00:30:01] behavior. Which, well, primarily consists of what? The simplest
[00:30:04] thing is that if you're taking a hot bath,
[00:30:08] then you shouldn't jump out of it abruptly. The simplest option is to
[00:30:12] first drain the water, that is, so that
[00:30:15] the body starts to cool down. So, a very good option is to
[00:30:18] wet your legs with a cool
[00:30:21] shower. The vessels begin to contract in response to cooling,
[00:30:25] blood pressure normalizes, and the person can then
[00:30:29] leave the bath quite calmly. Thank you.
[00:30:42] helps block viruses
[00:30:46] from the first days of life, adults and
[00:35:45] please, good morning, doctor, lately
[00:35:48] I've been feeling a lot of fatigue,
[00:35:51] a kind of heaviness, ahead is the best, my favorite
[00:35:55] period - winter, New Year holidays,
[00:35:58] so many planned events,
[00:36:01] so many pleasant chores, and I don't
[00:36:04] want to spend this time in bed cuddling with
[00:36:08] a mug of broth, tell me, how can I
[00:36:11] support myself today so that I have enough energy for everything?
[00:36:15] With the onset of cold weather, the daylight hours become shorter,
[00:36:19] we spend less time outside, we move less, the body
[00:36:23] really starts to work somewhat differently, metabolism
[00:36:26] slows down. energy drops,
[00:36:29] ahead, yes, indeed the busiest period
[00:36:32] of the year, and it's certainly better to prepare in advance,
[00:36:36] not when there's no strength left. Here, one substance plays an important role,
[00:36:39] about which many have heard, but not everyone knows its
[00:36:43] features, this is coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme
[00:36:46] Q10 is a natural substance that is produced by our
[00:36:49] body, it literally charges
[00:36:53] work at full capacity, and especially
[00:36:56] susceptible. to the lack of coenzyme Q10
[00:36:59] are the heart and brain. They are the most energy-consuming
[00:37:03] organs. Unfortunately, with age, during
[00:37:06] periods of stress, the synthesis of our own coenzyme
[00:37:09] decreases. And then what you
[00:37:13] describe appears, yes, it's hard to get up, you get tired
[00:37:15] quickly, you don't have enough strength for usual things.
[00:37:19] In such cases, specialists can recommend paying attention to
[00:37:23] an additional intake of coenzyme Q10 in liquid
[00:37:26] form. The thing is that ordinary
[00:37:29] coenzyme is absorbed, well, let's say, not very
[00:37:32] well, yes, and the liquid form is already a
[00:37:35] ready-made solution, it is quickly absorbed and starts
[00:37:39] acting almost immediately, this is especially
[00:37:42] convenient when you need to support the body quickly without
[00:37:45] extra effort, it is usually taken once a day, in
[00:37:49] the first half of the day, during meals, because
[00:37:53] it is at this time that the body especially needs energy for the whole
[00:37:56] day. Hmm, and it's good that you thought about it
[00:38:00] in advance, such a gentle support, it will help
[00:38:04] to get through this difficult, for
[00:38:07] many pre-New Year's marathon. Thank you
[00:38:10] very much, we continue, and we are waiting, we are
[00:38:14] eagerly waiting for the video question, what will
[00:38:16] it be? I am Kuznetsova Lyudmila Petrovna, I am a full
[00:38:20] 60 years old, I am from Mordovia, how it started
[00:38:22] bothering me is the hip joint, out
[00:38:26] of the blue. Sometimes it even hurts to turn
[00:38:29] around, when I walk, I walk a lot,
[00:38:33] I move, it doesn't bother me, it's in
[00:38:36] rest, I never had injuries, my joints were always fine,
[00:38:39] I thought, maybe it's
[00:38:41] osteoporosis first, what should I do, how to examine
[00:38:45] and what are the signs of osteoporosis, yes, in fact
[00:38:48] the appearance of pain at rest without load is just
[00:38:52] such a not very good factor, as for
[00:38:55] osteoporosis, indeed... with osteoporosis
[00:38:59] pain sensations can be similar here and here, well, the simplest
[00:39:03] way is to do X-ray densitometry - this
[00:39:06] is a method for determining bone mineral density, which
[00:39:09] determines how good this mineral density
[00:39:13] is, well, let's say, in absolute values and relative to
[00:39:16] the age norm, so in case it turns out that
[00:39:20] indeed the mineral density is reduced, osteoporosis is progressing, then
[00:39:23] of course, a consultation with a rheumatologist will be required to...
[00:39:28] drugs, because osteoporosis is no joke, it's a high
[00:39:31] risk of a hip fracture, a hip fracture in
[00:39:35] this sense is a disabling disease, in some cases
[00:39:38] even leading to death due to the fact that
[00:39:41] a person, well, such fractures heal slowly,
[00:39:44] poorly, and a person who is in an
[00:39:48] immobile state for a long time is vulnerable from the point of view of the cardiovascular
[00:39:51] system. Thank you,
[00:39:52] doctor.
[00:39:57] Cudisan - a medicinal product with a water-soluble form of coenzyme
[00:40:01] Q-10, which is better absorbed. Cudisan helps
[00:40:04] cope with fatigue and stress, gives energy
[00:40:07] to the heart and more strength for life. It is recommended to take
[00:40:10] Cudisan in a course of 2-3
[00:40:12] months.
[00:40:16] The conversation about the most important thing continues. Why do many see well
[00:40:19] during the day, but poorly in twilight? What
[00:40:23] is contrast sensitivity, why does it
[00:40:25] decrease with age? These questions will be answered by ophthalmologist Dmitry Dementiev.
[00:40:42] Good morning, we continue the series
[00:40:45] of rubrics about Longevity and our vision, and
[00:40:48] today we will talk about the decrease in contrast
[00:40:51] sensitivity. After 50 years, almost
[00:40:55] all people begin to.
[00:41:40] watch TV, for example, the picture blurs, in
[00:41:43] the cinema the same story,
[00:41:46] objects blur, without glasses, without glasses, without
[00:41:49] glasses, absolutely right, that is, I understand that
[00:41:52] there is no sharpness, so
[00:41:55] to speak, does anyone else want to complain,
[00:41:59] so let's have the young man, the young man, how old
[00:42:02] are you, what's your name, hello, my name is Vladimir, 43
[00:42:05] years old, I have a more dangerous problem, mostly in
[00:42:09] the dark. pedestrians became difficult to
[00:42:11] see
[00:42:18] lately and you're afraid to drive already, yes
[00:42:22] I tried to completely give up driving at that time of day,
[00:42:25] I understand, anyone else, let's
[00:42:28] have this young lady, a young pretty lady, what's
[00:42:32] your name, good morning, my name is Elena, I am 62
[00:42:35] years old, and in dimly lit rooms, I generally
[00:42:38] bump into objects, I can bump into a door jamb,
[00:42:42] for example, in the entrance, when the lighting is poor, I sometimes
[00:42:45] even have to feel for the step with my foot. So, here are three
[00:42:49] people who complained that they see worse in the evening,
[00:42:52] this is related precisely to
[00:42:55] a decrease in contrast sensitivity. Even
[00:42:59] if you go to a doctor, the doctor will check your
[00:43:02] visual acuity, it's quite likely that your visual
[00:43:06] acuity is excellent, but at the same time, contrast sensitivity
[00:43:10] suffers, let's try to explain what contrast
[00:43:13] sensitivity is and let's not confuse it with visual acuity, here we
[00:43:17] have two tables, a table for checking visual
[00:43:20] acuity, classical, the Sivtsev table, as it's called,
[00:43:24] the last line from a certain distance, if
[00:43:28] a person reads it, he has 100% vision,
[00:43:31] black letters are written on a white
[00:43:34] background, that is, the contrast is very high, but if we
[00:43:38] look at the very same... letters are a little
[00:43:42] grayish, and the background is completely gray, then
[00:43:45] it is already harder for many to read it, this is contrast
[00:43:48] sensitivity, why does contrast
[00:43:51] sensitivity decrease with age, what happens,
[00:43:55] the cornea normally never changes, unlike
[00:43:58] the lens, which undergoes changes throughout
[00:44:01] our lives, and the first thing that happens to it is that after
[00:44:05] 23-24 years it starts to
[00:44:09] turn yellow. this is a protective reaction of our
[00:44:12] body, why? so as not to let ultraviolet
[00:44:16] radiation into the eye. contrast sensitivity
[00:44:19] decreases, in the dark we begin to see worse, worse,
[00:44:23] worse, eventually the lens somewhere around 50
[00:44:26] years old completely yellows, remains
[00:44:29] transparent, began to change some of its optical
[00:44:32] properties, which also reduces contrast
[00:44:36] sensitivity, and this can be the first symptom...
[00:44:40] a kind of wake-up call for a person that he
[00:44:43] is developing cataracts, clouding of the lens,
[00:44:46] which sooner or later will occur in all of us, but the
[00:44:50] more the lens becomes cloudy, the more the contrast
[00:44:54] sensitivity decreases, and then visual acuity will
[00:44:58] decrease, what other reasons for decreased contrast
[00:45:01] sensitivity, age-related changes in the retina
[00:45:04] and optic nerve are also possible, if there is retinal
[00:45:08] pathology, if a person has... injuries,
[00:46:11] hip fractures, it was proven,
[00:46:14] hip fractures in people with poor
[00:46:17] vision are 20% higher than
[00:46:21] hip fractures in people with excellent, good vision.
[00:46:24] Driving a car, of course, is dangerous, at any moment
[00:46:28] a person can lose orientation
[00:46:31] due to decreased vision, contrast sensitivity
[00:46:34] has worsened, social life, here we have a theater ticket, yes,
[00:46:38] they gave a theater ticket to a person.
[00:46:40] He doesn't want to go to the theater, the person starts to feel apathy,
[00:46:44] depression, he doesn't want to go outside, he
[00:46:47] stops leading a social life, how to
[00:46:51] check? what about your contrast sensitivity,
[00:46:54] there is such a test, the test is called the Pelli
[00:46:57] Robson test, now we will check it with you, you have
[00:47:01] all these tables, and you see,
[00:47:04] the letters, going down, become less
[00:47:07] contrasting, so you close one eye
[00:47:10] with your hand and see how many
[00:47:13] lines you can read without
[00:47:17] difficulty, close the other
[00:47:20] eye, we do
[00:47:22] the same, so, well, let's see, here are three
[00:47:26] viewers who complained about their reduced
[00:47:30] contrast sensitivity, let's ask, what can you say, is the
[00:47:33] right and left eye the same? The right
[00:47:36] eye saw five, but the
[00:47:39] fifth was already unclear, the fifth line, the left
[00:47:43] only six, and asymmetry, the right sees
[00:47:46] worse than the left, so, next,
[00:47:50] the same problem, that... the left eye sees somewhat
[00:47:54] better than the right, that is, asymmetry is also present,
[00:47:58] so -
[00:48:00] the third line can essentially be read with the left eye,
[00:48:04] from the bottom, I mean, with the right, it's almost
[00:48:07] impossible, it's very poorly distinguishable,
[00:48:10] Elena, well, I think everything is the same for me, but I
[00:48:13] don't see the last two lines with either eye, so, what
[00:48:17] can we tell all three of you, tomorrow you go to
[00:48:20] the ophthalmologist, all three of you. You need to ask
[00:48:24] to check your contrast sensitivity, maybe it will be
[00:48:27] simple treatment in the form of glasses or drops, or it may require
[00:48:30] some more extensive treatment, if you complained about
[00:48:34] driving, as you complained, but passed the test
[00:48:38] perfectly, yes, then such people, in addition to
[00:48:41] going to the ophthalmologist, can be advised
[00:48:45] to wear glasses while driving, special glasses
[00:48:48] with an anti-glare coating
[00:48:51] increasing... dramatic sensitivity, there are such
[00:48:54] glasses, but this is not your case, you go to the doctor, those who
[00:48:58] read to the end the last line, but they
[00:49:00] are uncomfortable, such glasses can be worn: moisturizing drops,
[00:49:04] to keep the cornea moist, moisturizing drops help us,
[00:49:08] of which there are a huge number today, in pharmacies they
[00:49:11] are sold without a prescription, based on hyaluronic acid,
[00:49:15] they can be instilled, and after 50 years, in principle, we
[00:49:18] recommend everyone to instill them at least twice a day, morning and evening.
[00:49:22] So, today we talked with you about contrast
[00:49:25] sensitivity, exactly in a week we will meet
[00:49:29] with you again, and to talk about
[00:49:33] a very frightening disease called
[00:49:36] cataracts, which is the leading cause
[00:49:39] of blindness in the world. Protect
[00:49:54] far-reaching plans, you can be helped by Dolgit Block gel, it
[00:49:57] blocks pain with double force. Two components help relieve pain,
[00:50:01] swelling and inflammation. Dolgit Block in a yellow package, your
[00:50:05] expert against pain. When you return home,
[00:50:09] but it depends. I said that Britain still depends on Russia,
[00:54:53] the most important thing. So, the ORV season
[00:54:56] is in full swing. Legs hurt, some with fever, some
[00:55:00] even without. Here is such a new virus appeared,
[00:55:04] it's unclear. are you really sick or is it just a simple
[00:55:07] malaise, some people tolerate the disease easily, some with
[00:55:10] complications, what determines the duration and
[00:55:14] severity of the disease, let's figure it out, if
[00:55:17] the symptoms depend on the type of virus, there are many viruses,
[00:55:21] these are Rhinovirus, and RS-virus, and
[00:55:25] influenza, coronavirus and a lot of others, then
[00:55:29] the severity and duration of the disease depend
[00:55:31] actually on two things, on timely...
[00:56:05] good morning, good morning, what did you treat yourself with? I was mainly
[00:56:08] bothered by a cough, so I took antitussive drugs,
[00:56:12] I see, but I decided not to treat myself,
[00:56:16] I just lay down, you know, everything went away by itself, you
[00:56:19] challenged your immune system, right? So, what about you? My
[00:56:23] throat hurt, I gargled with chamomile, calendula,
[00:56:27] it's interesting that the audience in the hall named
[00:56:30] symptomatic remedies that act on
[00:56:33] the consequence of the disease, but not on the cause, not on the virus, that
[00:56:37] is, essentially, no one named antiviral treatment,
[00:56:41] it's important to note this, and is this critical at all? Well, I brought down
[00:56:44] the temperature, gargled my throat,
[00:56:47] took an antitussive drug, everything passed, why else
[00:56:50] something? This contains a very serious mistake, if
[00:56:54] you do not prevent the reproduction of viruses, they will infect more and more
[00:56:57] cells and tissues, then the disease will have a more severe
[00:57:01] and prolonged course and, most importantly, the risk of complications will increase.
[00:57:05] Well, complications are clear, sinusitis, otitis,
[00:57:09] excuse me, pneumonia, but I heard that ARVI can
[00:57:13] affect the heart, blood pressure, is this
[00:57:16] true? This is indeed true, but here
[00:57:19] there are some nuances that need to be clarified: the heart
[00:57:23] itself is not a direct target for ARVI
[00:57:26] and flu viruses, and viruses
[00:57:30] generally do not cause increased blood pressure or
[00:57:33] increased heart rate, but they increase the load on
[00:57:37] the cardiovascular system. It is known that an increase
[00:57:40] in temperature by 1°C leads
[00:57:43] to an increase in heart contractions by seven, or even
[00:57:47] 10. beats per minute, so the heart
[00:57:49] contracts, as usual,
[00:57:53] let's imagine that a person's temperature
[00:57:57] rises, and this is, of course, a very serious
[00:58:01] additional load, especially for those who
[00:58:04] have cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension
[00:58:07] or heart failure, it has been proven that within
[00:58:11] one month after an acute respiratory
[00:58:14] infection, the risk of heart attack...
[00:58:18] stroke, exacerbation of chronic
[00:58:21] cardiovascular diseases, such as
[00:58:24] hypertension, chronic heart failure,
[00:58:28] increases by more than twofold. In addition, acute respiratory
[00:58:31] viral infections can cause disorders of the blood
[00:58:35] clotting system. And here we come to a very
[00:58:39] important point: patients with chronic diseases,
[00:58:42] hypertension, asthma, diabetes,
[00:58:46] are traditionally categorized as a high-risk group for complicated ARVI
[00:58:49] and flu, hmm, this also includes pregnant
[00:58:53] women, children, elderly people, because
[00:58:56] they have age-related immune system features. According to
[00:59:00] research data, age-related changes in immune cells can
[00:59:03] be observed already at 55 years of age in healthy people,
[00:59:07] that is, if treatment is not started on time, the virus can
[00:59:11] cause not only common complications, sinusitis,
[00:59:14] otitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, for example,
[00:59:18] pneumonia, but also activate the exacerbation of chronic
[00:59:21] diseases, this includes hypertensive crisis,
[00:59:24] heart rhythm disorder, this is an exacerbation of asthma, this can
[00:59:28] be decompensation of diabetes mellitus, which I never
[00:59:31] thought that ordinary ARVI could affect
[00:59:34] other diseases, well, although after covid, many hypertensives
[00:59:38] indeed had problems. arose.
[00:59:40] Okay, how quickly does the virus multiply? Do we have
[00:59:43] time to think, or do we need
[00:59:46] to act? Immediately, viruses multiply very
[00:59:50] quickly, from one maternal viral particle in
[00:59:53] our body, within 24 hours, millions, even more, daughter
[00:59:57] viral copies can form, this
[01:00:00] is why the urgency, timeliness of starting treatment is of fundamental
[01:00:04] importance, however, today more than 300
[01:00:07] types of ARVI pathogens are known, in this
[01:00:11] regard, in each specific case, it is very difficult to identify,
[01:00:14] sometimes even impossible to identify the viruses that... cause
[01:00:18] the current episode of infectious disease, this is why in
[01:00:21] modern medicine, means that act against
[01:00:24] various ARVI and
[01:00:28] flu pathogens are widely in demand, in this regard,
[01:00:32] means containing interferon deserve special attention.
[01:00:35] Let me remind you that interferon is a natural protein,
[01:00:39] it is also called the cornerstone of antiviral protection,
[01:00:42] which blocks virus reproduction at
[01:00:45] all its most important stages, in addition...
[01:00:49] interferon protects healthy cells from virus
[01:00:52] penetration and thereby prevents the
[01:00:55] spread of viruses in the body, contributing
[01:00:58] to their faster elimination, removal of viruses.
[01:01:01] So, the virus makes a million copies in an hour, and then we
[01:01:05] we've been dealing with the consequences for months. But
[01:01:08] it's interesting how much time a person actually
[01:01:10] loses due to complications. Let's look at the table.
[01:01:14] If a timely, adequately treated ARVI ends
[01:01:18] on average in 7 days, or maybe earlier, then
[01:01:21] complications significantly prolong the period
[01:01:24] of illness. Bronchitis can last up to 10 and
[01:01:27] more days. With pneumonia, full recovery
[01:01:30] occurs on average in about 3-6 weeks
[01:01:34] only, but in
[01:01:38] полугода. А такой, например, феномен как лонг Covid - это
[01:01:42] вообще лидер, он может длиться от 2 месяцев до 2
[01:01:45] лет. Как-то сразу захотелось. получить совет, что же делать,
[01:01:49] чтобы так долго не болеть? оперативно
[01:01:53] начинать лечение направленое именно на вирус,
[01:01:56] как на причину заболевания, а не только симптомы,
[01:01:59] и такой подход нельзя
[01:02:02] заменить только исключительно симптоматическим лечением,
[01:02:05] против кашля или против насморка. хорошо, а чем
[01:02:08] именно тогда работать с причиной, ведь вирусов, как
[01:02:12] вы сказали, больше 300, мы не всегда знаем, какой именно вирус, вот
[01:02:16] здесь как раз помогает. интерферон, но проблема
[01:02:19] заключается в том, что собственная выработка интерферона
[01:02:23] очень часто бывает недостаточной, улиц с хроническими
[01:02:26] заболеваниями, такие как диабет, астма,
[01:02:29] хроническая... структивная болезнь лёгких, выработка интерферонов
[01:02:33] снижена, более того, есть возрастные
[01:02:36] дефекты продукции интерферонов, например, у
[01:02:39] детей или у пожилых лиц, способность
[01:02:42] вырабатывать интеферон в ответ на вторжение вирусов
[01:02:46] ниже существенно в несколько раз, чем у молодых
[01:02:49] взрослых. Кривая, отражающая выработку
[01:02:53] интерферонов в разных возрастных группах,
[01:02:56] чётко показывает, что у детей у пожилых лиц.
[01:03:00] самые низкие показатели в этом плане, вот почему именно эти возрастные
[01:03:04] группы имеют более высокий риск тяжёлого, затяжного и
[01:03:07] осложнённого течения острых респираторных вирусных инфекций,
[01:03:11] поэтому интерфероны можно применять дополнительно, в том числе в
[01:03:14] виде ректальных свечей, так организм получает
[01:03:18] необходимую поддержку в виде готовых
[01:03:20] белков-защитников, которые быстро начинают
[01:03:24] оказывать своё лечебное действие. Интерферон в форме ректальных
[01:03:27] свечей будет обеспечивать системное действие.
[01:03:43] в носоглотки, куда можно было бы внести капли или другие местные формы
[01:03:46] лекарственных средств, очень часто возбудители стремятся к
[01:03:49] распространению в нижние дыхательные пути, в бронхи, в
[01:03:53] трахею, в лёгкие пытаются войти в
[01:03:56] системный кровоток, очень часто поражают и отдалённый.
[01:04:00] Такой подход к лечению, согласно исследованиям, сокращает
[01:04:04] выраженность продолжительность симптом в кашли насморка
[01:04:08] высокой температуры в среднем на 2 дня, а осложнения при такой
[01:04:11] терапии респираторных инфекций случаются достоверно
[01:04:15] реже, например, случаев пневмонии при применении свечей с
[01:04:18] интерфероном наблюдалось в среднем меньше в
[01:04:21] два раза, а отатиты и синуситы встречались
[01:04:25] в 3 с половиной раза реже, важно отметить, что
[01:04:28] средство включающие интеферон альфа
[01:04:32] входят стандарты лечения клинические рекомендации,
[01:04:35] утверждённые минздравом по лечению
[01:04:39] разных респираторных инфекций, в том числе
[01:04:42] и орви, и гриппа, и респираторный
[01:04:45] стенциальной инфекции и новой коронавирусной
[01:04:48] инфекции. Ну так уже спокойнее, значит, есть средства, которые помогут
[01:04:52] нам долго не болеть. Спасибо,
[01:04:54] доктор.
[01:05:00] Виферон - активен против различных вирусов ор и
[01:05:04] гриппа. Уникальная формула препарата, в состав который входят
[01:05:07] интерферональфа, помогает блокировать вирусы укреплять
[01:05:10] иммунитет для детей, взрослых пожилых
[01:05:14] людей.
[01:05:17] Тяжесть и длительность болезни зависит не только от
[01:05:20] вируса, но и от того, как быстро мы начинаем действовать.
[01:05:24] Начинайте лечение сразу и болезнь пройдёт быстрее. Спасибо, что вы провели это
[01:05:28] утро вместе с нами. Мы желаем вам хорошего дня.
[01:05:30] крепкого здоровья, мы обязательно увидимся на телеканале Россия,
[01:05:48] в эфир телеканала Россия выходят вести, в студии Мария Ситпель,
[01:05:51] здравствуйте,
[01:05:56] warehouses are burning near Kyiv, giant traffic jams on the roads. they are blocking
[01:06:00] highways, where else did our geranias fly tonight?