TELEARUBA — broadcast
20260818 173000 UTC
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[00:00:24] now, this
[00:00:35] contributions, De la
[00:00:58] Jesus speaks on different occasions.
[00:02:02] leadership was tried
[00:02:14] day after
[00:02:24] that in the first moments of
[00:02:32] managed to move
[00:02:43] community responder, most of
[00:04:00] good evening,
[00:04:05] you just mentioned a point that has to do with
[00:04:15] welcome to Conclusiones, I am Iván Pérez Armenti for Fernando del
[00:04:18] Rincón, today here in Conclusiones, a week after the earthquake
[00:04:21] en Colombia que dejó casi 290 personas muertas y daños
[00:04:25] region. What is the balance of the emergency
[00:04:28] management?
[00:04:31] yes, evidently, President In addition, US President
[00:04:34] he trusts his personal relationship with North
[00:04:38] Korean leader Kim Jong. The decision raises
[00:04:40] dudas entre los aliados de Washington. Pero
[00:04:44] también Trump amenaza con atacar a Omán, uno de sus aliados en Medio
[00:04:47] Oriente, si interfiere en el estrecho de Hormus, luego de que Irán informó
[00:04:51] que estaban en negociaciones sobre el tránsito comercial en la vía,
[00:04:54] mientras vence el plazo de negociación establecido en el pacto de Estados Unidos e
[00:04:58] Irán de junio. sin un acuerdo,
[00:05:29] A week has passed since the 7.4 magnitude earthquake that shook
[00:05:32] Colombia and the emergency enters the reconstruction phase that
[00:05:36] tendrán que encarar tanto el gobierno nacional como las autoridades
[00:05:39] authorities will have to face. Meanwhile, rescue teams are still working
[00:05:42] among the rubble, although the possibility of finding survivors
[00:05:46] diminishes with each hour that passes. The most
[00:05:49] recent balance speaks of 289 people dead, more than
[00:05:53] 4,100 injured, as well as 190 who remain missing.
[00:05:57] And a week after the earthquake, many
[00:06:00] are also beginning to grasp the magnitude of the material damage.
[00:06:04] According to the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management,
[00:06:07] 472 municipalities were affected. More than
[00:06:11] 300 health centers. Around 3,200 educational
[00:06:14] centers and more than 400 community centers suffered
[00:06:18] damage, there are also 127,608
[00:06:21] damaged homes, another
[00:06:23] 26,392
[00:06:25] completely destroyed and 197 buildings that
[00:06:29] collapsed, leaving thousands of people in
[00:06:32] shelters. An example of this are the affected victims in
[00:06:35] Manizales, entire families who were left with nothing more than the
[00:06:39] strength to move forward. Let's see the report from our.
[00:06:45] Have you ever wondered what it's
[00:06:48] like to lose the security of a roof, the warmth
[00:06:52] of your own room, to have
[00:06:55] everyone around you, your family, your friends, and suddenly
[00:06:58] lose everything? Well, these people are
[00:07:02] living that, precisely after the earthquake registered in
[00:07:05] Colombia last Monday, very
[00:07:08] difficult, really difficult because we always think that we will never
[00:07:12] lose things, right? And that is something that
[00:07:16] awaits us, that was something sudden and that awaits us, but from there
[00:07:19] we learn a lot that life is only a second,
[00:07:23] only here in the city of Manizales there are nearly
[00:07:26] 5,000 people affected and in this
[00:07:29] coliseum there are at least 47 families who are
[00:07:32] being attended to in their basic needs, here
[00:07:36] families arrive with their dogs, their cats, their companion
[00:07:39] animals, some people come alone, there are children,
[00:07:43] there are elderly people, and what we provide here, besides
[00:07:46] offering a place to stay overnight, is
[00:07:49] food, health, here we have a doctor
[00:07:51] permanently, where we are making a tour trying to
[00:07:55] improve the well-being of people, in this type of emergency, not
[00:07:59] only supplies, food, personal hygiene products, medicines
[00:08:02] are needed, but perhaps something more
[00:08:05] profound, affection, and this is a
[00:08:09] mobile clinic to attend to the people who have been
[00:08:12] victims of this earthquake, Carlos, you are
[00:08:15] here, because people need more than food and shelter,
[00:08:19] affection, it's true,
[00:08:22] it's true, Fernando, what we want is that these primary
[00:08:26] needs are very important, shelter, food, water, but
[00:08:29] where is the affective nutrition, there are people who are
[00:08:33] devastated, without a home, without anything, and no matter how much they
[00:08:37] want to eat, sometimes they manage to eat and they don't want to, they want a
[00:08:39] hug, music heals.
[00:08:42] beloved, and this group knows it and that's why they have come
[00:08:46] voluntarily to this shelter to give a moment of
[00:08:50] joy to these families,
[00:08:53] we have
[00:08:58] to give a little because during the pandemic we were artists who went
[00:09:02] out into the street and many of these people here who are victims
[00:09:05] supported us, that is to say we are giving back this without
[00:09:08] any cost, we have to cheer up people's souls, music lightens the load.
[00:09:17] for at least one or two months these people will be in
[00:09:21] shelters, in Manizales, in Pereira, in Cali,
[00:09:24] Buenaventura and Quibdó in El Chocó, the regions most affected
[00:09:28] by the earthquake, then they will have to go out and rebuild their
[00:09:32] lives, will they succeed? Only
[00:09:35] time will tell. For CNN, Fernando Ramos,
[00:09:38] Manizales, Colombia.
[00:09:42] It also opened a debate on international aid. The United States and several
[00:09:46] Latin American countries such as Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico and Peru,
[00:09:50] offered specialized teams and humanitarian assistance, while the
[00:09:53] Colombian government evaluated what type of support it could receive and how
[00:09:57] to coordinate it. According to Vice President José Manuel Restrepo,
[00:10:00] 1.3 billion dollars in various types of cooperation
[00:10:04] have been received. The challenge has changed, now for the
[00:10:07] government it is also to rebuild the country.
[00:10:10] Experts point out that the cost for the Colombian economy could exceed
[00:10:14] 1% of the gross domestic product, and that task puts at
[00:10:17] risk one of the great promises with which President Bedardo de las
[00:10:21] Priella took office, to reduce the deficit and clean up public accounts. The
[00:10:24] mandate. for now highlights the creation of a fund to address the
[00:10:27] emergency.
[00:10:30] Therefore, I inform the country that I have
[00:10:33] decided to make use of the
[00:10:37] economic emergency, a mechanism contemplated in our
[00:10:40] constitution to be able to face this
[00:10:43] crisis as appropriate.
[00:10:47] The emergency that I propose will
[00:10:50] create a miracle fund, an
[00:10:53] entity that will channel
[00:10:55] national and international
[00:11:00] Espriella also asked US President Donald Trump to temporarily
[00:11:04] temporalmente los aranceles a los productos colombianos para aliviar la
[00:11:07] country's economy and help Colombian entrepreneurs, and his
[00:11:11] team of ministers has had to assume the response to the tragedy along
[00:11:14] with officials from the previous
[00:11:18] servants who will be in charge of dealing with the
[00:11:21] catastrophe take office, the two meetings between Gustavo Petro and Abelardo de la
[00:11:25] Espriella also reached the disaster response agency. Javier
[00:11:28] Paba was in charge of the institution when the earthquake occurred. Days later
[00:11:32] the new director David Tamayo Roldán took office. The change occurred
[00:11:36] while authorities were still trying to organize rescues, distribute
[00:11:40] aid and establish a reliable balance of the
[00:11:43] damages. And after a week, how can
[00:11:47] we qualify the response balance to this emergency?
[00:11:49] How have the resources been used? We are going to talk about all this.
[00:11:53] my first guest,
[00:11:55] I now welcome Eduardo Vélez
[00:12:00] Soto, expert in disaster risk management and civil protection,
[00:12:04] thank you for being with us,
[00:12:07] Eduardo, I begin by asking you the question that
[00:12:11] we asked ourselves at the beginning, how can we qualify the response
[00:12:14] balance to this emergency after one
[00:12:16] week? Thank you, first of all, good
[00:12:20] evening, a fraternal greeting of
[00:12:23] solidarity with the victims of this
[00:12:26] earthquake, the balance can be
[00:12:29] qualified as positive, the government mobilized
[00:12:33] in a very proactive way, despite it being its first business
[00:12:39] the inauguration, it mobilized in an active way towards the
[00:12:42] regions, it managed
[00:12:45] resources, it also
[00:12:48] decreed the national emergency, the national
[00:12:51] disaster, which allows to open some systems
[00:12:55] for rapid acquisition of aid and
[00:12:58] also managed with multilateral financing with the World
[00:13:02] Bank and with humanitarian assistance, they
[00:13:06] mobilized at the beginning of the first days, the first two days of the
[00:13:09] emergency there was some problem with issues of
[00:13:13] requesting aid from rescue
[00:13:16] what was stalled once the
[00:13:19] new director of the national disaster risk management unit
[00:13:23] was appointed and international aid began to flow, as
[00:13:26] well as response groups, the United
[00:13:29] States, Israel, arrived with
[00:13:33] highly qualified
[00:13:35] personnel, Ecuador and El
[00:13:38] Salvador, brigades and Usar, the United Nations, USA, Ocha,
[00:13:41] Indarat, activated their Undat teams and everyone
[00:13:45] rushed to save lives, the first institution of the President of the
[00:13:49] Republic was to save lives and during this week, all
[00:13:52] week. work was done on the search and rescue
[00:13:56] of precisely those people and simultaneously in
[00:13:59] receiving that international aid to provide
[00:14:03] humanitarian assistance to all the people who are
[00:14:06] affected in these municipalities that
[00:14:09] are quite numerous, so the balance is a
[00:14:13] positive balance in terms of the new
[00:14:16] government's response and a unfortunately negative
[00:14:20] balance for the victims and the missing who
[00:14:24] are not found at this
[00:14:26] moment,
[00:14:30] the change of authorities, how much did this
[00:14:34] make it difficult or delay this response, this lack
[00:14:37] of handover between the outgoing government and the incoming government, this
[00:14:41] of De la Espriella having
[00:14:44] sworn in with officials who were appointed by Petro and who have
[00:14:48] changed in the midst of the
[00:14:51] response to what these earthquakes have been,
[00:14:56] De la Espriella showed immediate leadership, as soon as
[00:15:00] the earthquake occurred, he went to the national unit for
[00:15:03] risk management and convened the national committee
[00:15:07] to be able to take immediate measures, despite the fact that the
[00:15:10] officials were not appointed, neither the director of the national
[00:15:14] unit nor the subdirectors of each of
[00:15:18] the processes of the national unit, the president in the first instance took that
[00:15:22] leadership, a political leadership and
[00:15:25] went to the territories to
[00:15:27] organize the first day in a very quick
[00:15:31] way so that search and rescue operations could begin,
[00:15:34] evidently, a political leadership does not replace
[00:15:37] a technical leadership, as the emergency progressed,
[00:15:41] the technicians of the new government were incorporated
[00:15:44] and the emergency began to
[00:15:48] work in a more coordinated way, in a more
[00:15:51] unified way, but I
[00:15:54] make special recognition to that leadership of the first
[00:15:58] moment of President
[00:16:01] leadership of the new president, which politically one
[00:16:04] values, and for the population also, let's say that the first
[00:16:08] president takes the lead in
[00:16:11] leading all this, obviously brings
[00:16:15] tranquility to the population, now from the point of view of management, is it correct or
[00:16:19] should there be a person already appointed who knew what they had to do and
[00:16:23] who already had provisions and who knew from the first moment what had to be done,
[00:16:26] I mean, is the president the one who has to occupy that place beyond looking
[00:16:30] good for the photo and for the population, if we
[00:16:33] talk about it in terms of my
[00:16:37] case, of course, the president does not play an operational
[00:16:40] role, the risk management policy in
[00:16:44] Colombia is aligned with law
[00:16:47] 1523 of 2012, there is a structure, there is a
[00:16:50] national risk management system where there are
[00:16:54] steps, coordinators, national
[00:16:56] coordinators, territorial coordinators
[00:17:00] in departments and municipalities, there was
[00:17:03] the mismatch and that is why it
[00:17:06] should be depoliticized disaster
[00:17:09] risk management, technicians should be appointed
[00:17:12] and not politicians within the
[00:17:15] lines of disaster management within the system,
[00:17:19] there are many technical people who can occupy positions regardless
[00:17:23] of political party regardless of which
[00:17:26] side they are on, but to give
[00:17:29] continuity to this issue, especially because we are talking about
[00:17:33] saving lives, so in a first instance, at first
[00:17:36] that operational
[00:17:40] to be occupied by the president of the republic with that technical leadership, there was no other
[00:17:44] way to do it at that time, that's why that contribution
[00:17:47] is valuable, there was no other way, he took the reins of everything and organized while
[00:17:51] the technical part could be
[00:17:54] appointed and the technical part could start functioning,
[00:17:58] notice that if the president did not do
[00:18:01] the emergency, it would have been
[00:18:04] absolute losses, he personally led. and
[00:18:09] the situation forward, at least operatively at first,
[00:18:13] to give it a first push. The other thing that we
[00:18:17] were able to highlight is the phenomenon of the
[00:18:21] the first stations were executed by neighbors, by merchants.
[00:18:25] Although this response is vital and spontaneous, it
[00:18:28] exposed these volunteers to risks of crushing by aftershocks,
[00:18:32] electric shocks, gas explosions because we do not have a trained
[00:18:35] community. It is important that we take these two issues into account,
[00:18:39] first a technical part of the people who
[00:18:42] are in charge of disaster risk management in Colombia and
[00:18:46] second a community organization, these are two lessons learned that
[00:18:50] this disaster leaves us
[00:18:52] in the first instance. Eduardo, let's stop here, let's take a break
[00:18:56] and when we come back we will continue talking and delving into this
[00:18:59] issue, into prevention, into the budgets that exist and into
[00:19:03] how much it is
[00:19:07] break and then I continue talking with
[00:19:10] Eduardo Belezoto, expert in disaster risk management and civil
[00:19:14] protection about what has happened in Colombia and about how it can be prevented for
[00:19:18] the future, we'll be
[00:19:18] right back.
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[00:22:42] earthquake in Colombia, we are in dialogue with Eduardo Belezoto,
[00:22:45] expert in disaster risk management and civil
[00:22:47] protection. He was describing the
[00:22:51] work of the neighbors who were the first to arrive at the disaster areas and who have
[00:22:55] begun with their own hands to try to remove
[00:22:58] rubble, to rescue people with the risk that this
[00:23:01] also entails, with the risk of perhaps with good intentions
[00:23:05] complicating the situation further. I want to go
[00:23:09] into how much prevention management there
[00:23:12] is for these types of situations that are known to happen, not
[00:23:16] when, if ever, but it is known that Colombia is a
[00:23:19] seismic zone, the same as has happened with Venezuela or that can happen with other
[00:23:23] countries in the region. How much is
[00:23:26] invested in prevention and in training so that the population
[00:23:29] knows what to do in a situation like this, at least the
[00:23:33] basics to do and not complicate the situation further.
[00:23:37] Well, I want to tell you that over the years we have or live a
[00:23:40] very complicated situation regarding
[00:23:43] that issue, risk management has three processes, but
[00:23:47] it seems that only one is funded. From
[00:23:50] 2019, only 2.5% of
[00:23:54] the budget is invested in reduction and
[00:23:57] 94.74%
[00:23:59] in disaster.
[00:24:02] What does that mean? That the country spends when there are already
[00:24:05] dead. So, this should not be
[00:24:09] the right thing to do, it should be, we should be investing, we should
[00:24:12] invest more in knowledge and more in
[00:24:15] reduction, because if we invest more in knowledge and more in
[00:24:18] reduction we save a lot of money when
[00:24:22] there is a response, the United Nations have an updated figure that for
[00:24:26] every dollar invested in reduction, $19 are saved
[00:24:29] at this moment in prevention and it is
[00:24:33] precisely here where
[00:24:37] risk management in Colombia, we have not gone from being
[00:24:40] reactive to doing the
[00:24:43] correct disaster risk management,
[00:24:46] this disaster did not occur 8
[00:24:49] days ago, Monday, this disaster has been forming
[00:24:53] for more than 20 or more than
[00:24:56] 25 years after the earthquake, the Armenia
[00:25:00] earthquake, because the bases of prevention
[00:25:03] are in territorial planning and in safe
[00:25:07] construction, however, if we are going to see the
[00:25:10] buildings that collapsed are buildings from
[00:25:14] before the seismic resistance norm, meaning that no
[00:25:17] prevention was ever very
[00:25:21] specific, especially these buildings that were without structural reinforcement,
[00:25:25] likewise there are a series
[00:25:28] of controls that building departments must
[00:25:32] make on the homes that
[00:25:36] are built, I saw reports
[00:25:39] in Pereira that the types of iron, types of steel were not the
[00:25:42] indicated ones, they were not the certified ones in the columns that precisely
[00:25:46] were exposed, all these
[00:25:49] issues. are called prevention, are called
[00:25:52] reduction, there is a preventive part and a corrective part, but
[00:25:56] evidently that is where we have to
[00:25:59] focus, we have built through our
[00:26:02] development, disasters, risks
[00:26:05] are a social construction, when that
[00:26:08] risk is materialized by a disaster, because
[00:26:12] the threatening phenomenon appears, as was the
[00:26:16] case on Monday when the earthquake appeared,
[00:26:19] which triggered that vulnerability, that accumulated
[00:26:22] risk, then these losses
[00:26:25] occur, we cannot let these losses
[00:26:28] continue and we have a golden opportunity which is
[00:26:31] the opportunity for reconstruction: reconstruction is not just
[00:26:35] bricks, it is not cement, it is not buildings, reconstruction is
[00:26:39] rebuilding both the physical part and also
[00:26:43] the social fabric and within the social fabric that culture of
[00:26:46] prevention, that prevention regulations,
[00:26:49] adjusting those prevention regulations so that they can reach the
[00:26:53] territory, says the Sendai framework for disaster
[00:26:56] risk management that it must be rebuilt better and if we do not rebuild
[00:27:00] better we are strengthening the disaster
[00:27:03] very soon,
[00:27:05] specifically, what does this imply, I mean for the population, what should
[00:27:09] the population know, get trained, what should
[00:27:12] governments do, one thinks in principle of anti-seismic construction
[00:27:16] and training, but I guess there are more
[00:27:19] aspects than these two that I am simply mentioning,
[00:27:23] that is, where should the focus be
[00:27:25] urgently, the focus should be on land use, the focus
[00:27:29] should be on territorial planning, not all soils
[00:27:32] are the same, a seismic wave does not activate
[00:27:36] the same in all soils, but there must be a territorial
[00:27:40] planning plan that is already in order in Colombia so
[00:27:43] that municipalities have a plan for their territory and know
[00:27:47] where to build and where not to build, in the vast majority
[00:27:50] of cases it happens that they have built where they should not have
[00:27:53] built, but there is also no authority that follows up on
[00:27:57] that, that prevents these types of issues, here what needs
[00:28:01] to be definitively improved is the culture of prevention, if
[00:28:05] we achieve a strong culture in prevention, if we achieve a strong culture in
[00:28:08] disaster risk management, very surely all these
[00:28:11] issues will be aligned and there will be far
[00:28:15] fewer victims when a natural phenomenon occurs,
[00:28:19] now I have seen through the media and authorities that they say a
[00:28:23] natural disaster, a natural disaster is blameless, no one was to
[00:28:26] blame, but yes, here there is a social blame, here there is a
[00:28:30] governmental blame, here there is a blame of governance, a blame of
[00:28:34] society too because it is a
[00:28:36] co-responsibility between the risk management process which is
[00:28:40] public, private and
[00:28:42] community.
[00:28:46] Eduardo, thank you for being with us, that was Eduardo Belez Soto, expert in
[00:28:49] disaster risk management and protection. civil, we are left with this last point,
[00:28:53] there is a shared responsibility of all, we must take advantage of this opportunity
[00:28:57] after this disaster, that this serves to rebuild and that the next time
[00:29:00] it happens there are many fewer victims and much less destruction than there really
[00:29:04] was, thank you for being with us here tonight, we are going to take a
[00:29:08] break,
[00:29:11] please, thank you very much, we are taking a break, but upon returning we will talk about the president of the United
[00:29:14] States Donald Trump, who suspends military exercises in South Korea out of
[00:29:18] respect for the leader of North Korea, Kimon Hung, a brief break and we will return
[00:29:22] with this
[00:29:22] topic,
[00:29:27] the complete story with Anderson Cooper, the best journalists of
[00:29:31] CNN share.