TELEARUBA — broadcast
20260920 090000 UTC
460 transcript segments
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[00:00:23] October 6th, the deadline for seeing if AFD manages to
[00:00:27] form a local government. What repercussions
[00:00:31] does this have at a national level for Germany and for Europe? We are following
[00:00:34] it closely, in global connection for CNN Spanish.
[00:00:50] We are CNN, the world leader in
[00:00:53] news.
[00:01:00] Greetings, I'm Bill Nye, like everyone you've
[00:01:03] ever met, I'm from Earth. We'll represent
[00:01:07] Earth with this blue circle. Another
[00:01:10] familiar object is the
[00:01:12] Sun.
[00:01:16] Closer to us than the Sun is the Moon,
[00:01:19] right here, the
[00:01:21] Moon.
[00:01:24] Rays of sunlight filter through the darkness
[00:01:27] of space and every now and then. The Moon
[00:01:31] casts a dark shadow on Earth, therefore,
[00:01:34] if you're in the path of the shadow, you'll see
[00:01:38] an
[00:01:38] eclipse.
[00:01:45] Eclipses have piqued humanity's curiosity throughout history.
[00:01:49] trying to help Seeing the sky darken and
[00:01:53] crickets chirping in broad daylight creates
[00:01:56] a spectacular phenomenon here on Earth.
[00:02:02] journalist is always exposed to The solar eclipse that occurred in August 2026 could be seen in its
[00:02:04] entirety from some locations, many people traveled to those sites to be able to
[00:02:08] appreciate it. The truth is that the Moon has a very
[00:02:11] romantic and seductive quality in our
[00:02:15] oral tradition, and that is the Moon to which we can now
[00:02:19] go.
[00:02:21] an experience, the cradle of The space race intensifies once again, China launches its latest mission to the
[00:02:25] Moon.
[00:02:30] The Moon, the question is, should we go back first? It's
[00:02:34] the United States and its billionaires versus
[00:02:36] And it sent a message to the world about what China. For better or worse, whether
[00:02:39] the United States returns to the Moon depends on Elon
[00:02:42] Musk. He is an immensely complex,
[00:02:46] immensely successful, and problematic figure, and Jeff
[00:02:49] "Look at NASA's failure." Elon Bezos is trying to carve out a niche for himself in that
[00:02:51] territory.
[00:02:55] space With Blue Origin or SpaceX, they have put all their effort into returning to the Moon with two people, that's a big
[00:02:59] step. Many people are worried that
[00:03:03] they could increase their power by taking advantage of space
[00:03:06] to get more of what
[00:03:08] preparing the launch they want on Earth,
[00:03:10] power that eclipses Musk, Bezos, and the new space
[00:03:14] race.
[00:03:17] The first rocket launch I witnessed was Robert Curiosity's to
[00:03:21] Mars. I was sitting with the entire
[00:03:24] scientific team who in some cases had worked for
[00:03:28] decades planning, designing, and
[00:03:32] taking off from the launch building. It was the dreams, the effort, the
[00:03:34] blood, sweat, and tears of hundreds of
[00:03:37] people, all depending on that rocket not
[00:03:40] exploding. Main engine start, zero
[00:03:44] and Atlas 5 liftoff with
[00:03:47] Curiosity.
[00:03:52] And when you see it take off, it's brighter and louder than you can
[00:03:55] imagine.
[00:03:59] So...
[00:04:03] done yet, now what
[00:04:30] Dense is in charge of Amazon lottery into SpaceX, they have
[00:04:32] far exceeded all expectations.
[00:04:36] We did it, my God.
[00:04:40] Elon Musk founded SpaceX in 2002 and it was largely a
[00:04:43] passion project of his.
[00:04:46] As a child, he read the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and
[00:04:50] dreamed of our country returning to space and to
[00:04:54] as a mascot and they have a motto in Mars. I've always been interested in space,
[00:04:56] but I didn't think there was anything I could do
[00:05:00] individually. I thought space was really the
[00:05:03] domain
[00:05:06] of the government. They were driving back from Long Island with
[00:05:10] some friends trying to figure out how NASA would get to
[00:05:13] Mars. I started to
[00:05:16] find out when we would go to Mars, because it seems
[00:05:20] obvious that it's the next step after the
[00:05:22] Moon.
[00:05:24] And I didn't find anything, so I thought, this is
[00:05:28] very strange. Then he says: I'm going to found a
[00:05:31] company. His friends think he's crazy. So
[00:05:35] they made a video compiling rocket
[00:05:37] explosions. Hoping that would
[00:05:41] dissuade him. And he said, that strengthened my
[00:05:45] resolve.
[00:05:48] Elon Musk saw himself as someone who could invest his own money to
[00:05:52] revitalize these very bold and
[00:05:54] extravagant ambitions.
[00:05:57] He's a very entrepreneurial guy, he started a yellow pages company and put them
[00:06:01] online, and then he moved on to the payment company called
[00:06:04] X.com. Great exact,
[00:06:07] X.com. I think X.com could become a multibillion-dollar
[00:06:10] goldmine. He had a big rival and they ended
[00:06:14] up merging, leading to PayPal. When
[00:06:17] I met Elon Musk years ago, I was introduced to him as Elon Musk,
[00:06:21] founder of PayPal, and I like to joke as if it were one
[00:06:24] word, Elon Musk, founder of PayPal. Hey, I'd like to introduce you to Bill. Hi,
[00:06:28] I'm Elon Musk, founder of PayPal. He's slowly pushed
[00:06:31] aside because he's a difficult person to work with, but he accepts the
[00:06:35] PayPal payout. So he creates SpaceX and then
[00:06:38] Tesla and keeps inventing new things.
[00:06:42] It wasn't that he thought about the businesses
[00:06:45] that could be started and then the
[00:06:49] easiest way to make
[00:06:51] money.
[00:06:54] It was really about identifying the most important
[00:06:57] problems in the world that need solutions and then
[00:07:02] solve them. I remember him talking about rockets and his
[00:07:05] vision was compelling. SpaceX's
[00:07:07] goal is to revolutionize space
[00:07:11] transport by dramatically improving cost and
[00:07:15] reliability, by building rockets large
[00:07:18] enough and capable of reaching other
[00:07:22] planets, particularly Mars. Basically,
[00:07:26] the rockets we used to send astronauts to the Moon were disposable
[00:07:29] rockets.
[00:07:32] The whole concept of SpaceX was to develop a rocket that not only flies once,
[00:07:36] but can fly multiple
[00:07:37] times.
[00:07:42] They start building the hardware, they make mistakes, they blow
[00:07:46] things up. It's an interesting transfer from
[00:07:50] Silicon Valley, it's called failing fast, and in a way that could
[00:07:53] only happen because it wasn't a government
[00:07:56] agency. NASA destroys a rocket and it's in the news for a month,
[00:08:02] blows up a rocket and people say, "Look at him, he's really driving the discovery of
[00:08:08] exploration."
[00:08:09] espacial.
[00:08:12] cleaning and got very angry, even late
[00:08:15] at night, if there weren't enough people building something or
[00:08:20] pad. And you would say why are you doing this, my
[00:08:24] true motivation and that of the people at SpaceX and the
[00:08:27] reason why they work so hard is because
[00:08:30] we want to see an exciting future in space
[00:08:33] exploration. If we are not on the path to achieve it, we will never
[00:08:36] do it. Musk was very frank in the early days of
[00:08:39] SpaceX in expressing his great uncertainty about whether
[00:08:42] SpaceX would become a profitable or
[00:08:46] sustainable business. But after several attempts, they
[00:08:49] succeeded. In 2015, SpaceX
[00:08:53] recovered a booster for the first time, refurbished it and launched it
[00:08:57] again.
[00:08:59] And that's when SpaceX went from a modest company
[00:09:03] to a dominant space
[00:09:05] power.
[00:09:10] At first, Elon pretty much self-funded
[00:09:13] SpaceX, but along the way he found ideas that
[00:09:17] would be very commercially successful, especially
[00:09:20] that of putting satellites into low Earth orbit. When
[00:09:23] he started talking about it, I thought it was brilliant and I still think it
[00:09:27] is.
[00:09:31] A huge leap for SpaceX, the company that launched a rocket
[00:09:35] loaded with 60 satellites overnight. Starlink,
[00:09:38] which is SpaceX's main source of revenue, is a large constellation of
[00:09:42] satellites that basically reflect the signal and provide internet access worldwide,
[00:09:46] to anyone, anywhere. They have launched
[00:09:50] more than 10,000 satellites, that's more than any
[00:09:53] other company in the world and any other country in the
[00:09:56] world.
[00:09:59] Musk controls much of the access to space, therefore, the more we depend on
[00:10:02] space, there could be a greater
[00:10:06] dependence on Musk.
[00:10:09] NASA has chosen SpaceX. We have a
[00:10:13] competition with a rival who has the
[00:10:15] will and the means to challenge our
[00:10:19] exceptionalism in many areas, including the space
[00:10:21] sector. The Trump Administration
[00:10:25] has made it totally clear that its top priority in space now is to get ahead of China and
[00:10:29] return to the Moon.
[00:10:31] China claims it wants to reach the Moon by 2030, so
[00:10:35] every step must fit perfectly if the United States wants to get there
[00:10:39] first.
[00:10:42] SpaceX is using its enormous and gigantic Starship rocket for
[00:10:46] this purpose.
[00:10:49] Starship is enormous, it's really big. It's
[00:10:53] almost like going back to cartoons.
[00:11:25] And the keyword is yes, late
[00:11:28] 2025, rumors started to circulate at NASA
[00:11:32] that it would lose the space race if
[00:11:35] it continued to rely on Musk. It was
[00:11:39] former acting NASA administrator Shandafi, who last
[00:11:43] year stated that if SpaceX did not have its Starship spacecraft
[00:11:46] ready, then they would turn to Blue
[00:11:49] Origin. It was a very direct way of saying that if SpaceX
[00:11:53] didn't focus on its goal, it would opt for the competition, thus preparing
[00:11:57] the ground for a multi-billion dollar space
[00:11:59] race.
[00:12:03] My name is Jimena de la Quintana, I am a CNN correspondent in Peru.
[00:12:06] Peru has gone through several political and social crises,
[00:12:10] I have had to be in the streets covering each of them in recent years
[00:12:14] and on several occasions people have surrounded us
[00:12:17] to listen to what we reported, because as they say, they want
[00:12:21] to make sure we report truthfully, people don't trust. Although the
[00:12:27] criticism, our work I think is increasingly scrutinized,
[00:12:30] we have a great
[00:12:31] responsibility.
[00:13:43] It was important to cover the trial of Genaro García Luna because this
[00:13:47] is the highest ranking public official
[00:13:49] from Mexico to be
[00:13:52] prosecuted and convicted in the United States
[00:13:56] for drug trafficking. It was incredible to be there,
[00:13:59] to hear these testimonies and to be able
[00:14:02] to learn exactly how
[00:14:05] drug cartels work and how they can
[00:14:09] operate with the support, many
[00:14:11] times, of government officials. Covering a federal
[00:14:15] trial in the United States is always a difficult
[00:14:18] task, you have to get to court very early
[00:14:22] to secure a seat inside the courtroom,
[00:14:25] but also because cameras are not allowed to record what
[00:14:29] is happening in the room, so you have to take notes,
[00:14:33] imagine 8 hours taking notes of everything that
[00:14:37] is said, everything that happens so that I can report it to
[00:14:41] you.
[00:14:50] It's often underestimated that Blue Origin was founded a couple of
[00:14:53] years before SpaceX.
[00:14:56] Bezos founded the company in 2000, when he became
[00:14:59] a billionaire with Amazon, he had the necessary funds to invest in the
[00:15:03] development of space exploration technology at a much more
[00:15:07] affordable price than we had seen before. The company operated in
[00:15:10] secret for a long time and that was
[00:15:12] intentional.
[00:15:15] They are famous for having a tortoise
[00:15:19] Latin, "gradatim ferociter", which means step
[00:15:23] by step, ferociously.
[00:15:28] SpaceX has always been about failing fast,
[00:15:32] Blue Origin, which has immense capital thanks to Jeff Bezos's
[00:15:35] Amazon money, has only launched two of its largest
[00:15:39] rockets into space.
[00:15:47] Bezos has been saying for a long time that the turtle beats the hare and that
[00:15:51] he will advance slowly, with a steady and cautious pace, but in the
[00:15:54] end he will win this battle between
[00:15:56] billionaires.
[00:16:08] construction of the New Shepard rocket, which is very
[00:16:11] different from the Falcon rockets that SpaceX uses because it is
[00:16:14] suborbital.
[00:16:16] Suborbital rockets require much less energy and simply
[00:16:20] go up and down. You might remember that he launched a
[00:16:23] rocket that took his then girlfriend Lauren Sanchez to Katie
[00:16:27] Perry, almost to
[00:16:29] orbit.
[00:16:32] I think a lot of people thought it was some cheap publicity stunt. It's a
[00:16:36] publicity strategy. Who cares? It draws attention to space
[00:16:39] travel.
[00:16:42] Ultimately, I think his ambitions go far beyond tourism. If
[00:16:46] we venture into the solar system, for all practical purposes, we will have
[00:16:50] unlimited resources.
[00:16:52] Something that Musk and Bezos have in common is that as children they
[00:16:56] loved science
[00:16:57] fiction.
[00:17:00] A resident of the town donated his entire science fiction collection to the
[00:17:03] Katula Public Library. It was
[00:17:06] tiny. Probably half of the library was
[00:17:10] made up of science fiction books and for several
[00:17:13] summers I read that collection, which increased my interest in space
[00:17:16] travel, science and the
[00:17:18] future.
[00:17:21] Jeff Bezos loves to talk about how when he was at Princeton, he met
[00:17:25] Gerard O'Neill, a very famous astrophysicist who
[00:17:27] conceptualized the idea of O'Neill colonies, which are giant orbital
[00:17:31] laboratories that spin to create
[00:17:34] gravity.
[00:17:38] These are enormous structures, kilometers long and each one has
[00:17:41] capacity for a million people or
[00:17:43] more.
[00:17:46] We have an opportunity to preserve this unique and irreplaceable
[00:17:50] planet. There is no plan
[00:17:53] B. We must
[00:17:56] save it.
[00:18:00] He explicitly stated that his goal is to save planet Earth by moving
[00:18:03] industry to space.
[00:18:08] They gave us a gift, this nearby celestial body called the Moon.
[00:18:25] This is Blue Moon.
[00:18:27] We have worked on it for 3 years.
[00:18:31] He has spoken openly about becoming the Amazon of
[00:18:34] space. He is creating transportation services so that
[00:18:38] hundreds of other space companies can begin to
[00:18:41] conduct economic activities in
[00:18:43] space.
[00:18:46] In 1994 I founded
[00:18:48] Amazon.
[00:18:51] All the necessary infrastructure for Amazon to exist was already
[00:18:55] in place. We didn't have to build a transportation system
[00:18:58] to deliver packages, it was already
[00:19:00] there. The
[00:19:03] infrastructure
[00:19:05] allows entrepreneurs to do
[00:19:07] incredible things.
[00:19:11] So the young people here, your children and your grandchildren, you
[00:19:14] will build those O'Neill colonies. The job of this
[00:19:18] generation, the job of my generation is to build the infrastructure so that
[00:19:22] you can do it.
[00:19:24] Jeff Bezos is a great entrepreneur, there's no doubt, what he did at Amazon was
[00:19:28] amazing and many people didn't think he could
[00:19:30] do it.
[00:19:33] He wouldn't let the company make money. He would say,
[00:19:37] "No, we're not
[00:19:40] matters is scale."
[00:19:44] So we're going to control the internet infrastructure to
[00:19:46] decide who can sell on the
[00:19:50] internet, it's an evil, but
[00:19:54] brilliant idea.
[00:20:00] I'm going to invest the profits from the
[00:20:03] building reusable rockets.
[00:20:08] to reduce the cost of access to
[00:20:11] space. He has a contagious
[00:20:14] enthusiasm, an enthusiasm that drives things to the
[00:20:18] extreme, he is a visionary.
[00:20:22] This vision sounds very ambitious and it is, nothing here is
[00:20:25] easy, everything is
[00:20:26] difficult.
[00:20:30] We choose to go to the moon.
[00:20:34] We choose to go to the moon in this decade and
[00:20:38] do other things, not because they are easy, but because they are
[00:20:41] difficult.
[00:20:45] The space race between the United States and the Soviet
[00:20:48] Union demonstrated that our system of government
[00:20:52] and our economic system could surpass the Soviet
[00:20:55] model.
[00:21:01] If we managed to reach the Moon before them, it would be a
[00:21:04] demonstration that our system was superior to the
[00:21:07] Soviet one.
[00:21:14] October 4, 1957, an event that shook the
[00:21:17] world. Sputnik
[00:21:20] was the first spacecraft to orbit Earth, it was
[00:21:23] launched by the Soviet Union.
[00:21:26] Now imagine if we lived in a time when nothing had
[00:21:30] orbited Earth before, and suddenly,
[00:21:34] those communists from Russia, with their nuclear bombs they want
[00:21:38] to launch at us, were flying over our country
[00:21:41] in
[00:21:42] space.
[00:21:46] The ultimate dominant position, I mean
[00:21:49] if you could have weapons in space, with that you would
[00:21:52] really be in charge.
[00:21:55] With the two Sputniks orbiting Earth simultaneously, the whole world
[00:21:59] began to talk about the triumph of Soviet science.
[00:22:01] The Soviet Union also launched the first human
[00:22:05] into space, Yuri Gagarin. The space
[00:22:08] pilot whom the Russians have deified as the man of the
[00:22:11] century, arrives at the airport for his first public
[00:22:14] appearance. And so this intensive program emerged to
[00:22:18] catch up with the Soviet Union and surpass it.
[00:22:39] I remember perfectly watching Apollo
[00:22:41] 11.
[00:22:46] I was on my knees watching black and white television.
[00:22:51] Well, we see you coming down the ladder, one in every
[00:22:54] five people was
[00:22:55] watching.
[00:22:58] It's one small step for
[00:22:59] man,
[00:23:02] and we see that humans had finally escaped this
[00:23:05] dimension.
[00:23:09] A giant leap for
[00:23:10] mankind,
[00:23:14] and it changed my life. I became a mechanical engineer and
[00:23:17] aerospace engineer thanks to Apollo. It
[00:23:21] influenced me immensely, greatly.
[00:23:26] the United States is capable of doing.
[00:23:30] If the almost impossible can be achieved, sending astronauts to the Moon and bringing them
[00:23:34] back safely, I wonder what else this nation is capable of, and perhaps,
[00:23:37] as an adversary, you would think twice before
[00:23:40] invading or doing something that could be perceived as hostile. In
[00:23:44] a way, it was the zenith of American
[00:23:46] power.
[00:23:50] Each subsequent mission began to gain confidence and
[00:23:52] ambition,
[00:23:54] but by the time Apollo XV was launched, the program was practically
[00:23:58] over. It became clear that the Soviet Union was in
[00:24:01] decline. There was a feeling that we had had enough
[00:24:05] fun and did not have the means, resources, or
[00:24:09] money to continue. It was an accurate interpretation of public
[00:24:12] opinion. It no longer seemed so urgent to return to the
[00:24:15] moon. Power that eclipses Musk, Bezos, and the new space
[00:24:19] race. Every night there is the
[00:24:23] possibility of an unfiltered bombardment,
[00:24:26] they should not treat our young people this way
[00:24:29] anywhere. Here one asks, is there freedom of
[00:24:33] belief in the country in Spain? One hears,
[00:24:36] "This type of phenomenon is not that they are the generators of change, they are
[00:24:40] the expression of a change" and it is debated, "Will their foreign policy be
[00:24:43] like this, lukewarm in taking positions?" Conclusions
[00:24:47] with Fernando del Rincón from Monday to Friday, on
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[00:26:22] I'm Juan Carlos López, welcome to Clash of Opinions. Diplomacy,
[00:26:26] as you well know, what is said in private is not what is said in public, so what
[00:26:30] do we know is said in private? Clash
[00:26:33] of Opinions on Sunday on CNN.
[00:27:36] Power that eclipses, Musk, Bezos and the new space
[00:27:39] race. During the 1970s, in the midst of the Apollo
[00:27:43] program's development, Richard Nixon made the decision to cancel the rest of the program
[00:27:47] due to strong political opposition, people didn't see its
[00:27:50] value. We also have to consider the cultural context of what was happening
[00:27:54] in the United States at that
[00:27:55] time.
[00:27:58] The Vietnam War was becoming an increasingly important part of the mindset.
[00:28:15] So people were asking why we were spending so much money on
[00:28:18] this when we had poverty, unrest in the United States, and
[00:28:22] energy problems in the Middle East. In that context, they made the
[00:28:26] political decision to cancel it.
[00:28:29] After the withdrawal of the Apollo program, NASA, the problem
[00:28:33] of costs. Each Apollo rocket had to be
[00:28:35] discarded, so they focused on developing a different
[00:28:39] vehicle.
[00:28:43] If it could be reused, costs would start to decrease and thus NASA
[00:28:46] could fulfill all its dreams of exploration and science without having to
[00:28:50] rely excessively on public funds.
[00:28:53] NASA has been extremely cautious to ensure that the first
[00:28:56] launch is perfect, and we moved past the space shuttle
[00:29:00] era. There's a lot at stake.
[00:29:04] Nixon himself decided to bet on the space shuttle program to
[00:29:07] win votes in Southern California. Unfortunately, the space shuttle
[00:29:11] never quite lived up to what NASA had envisioned. The goal was to
[00:29:15] launch the space shuttle dozens of times a year, but the most
[00:29:19] NASA achieved was, I think, about eight or nine launches per year.
[00:29:22] year. And then the Challenger incident occurred.
[00:29:25] A great catastrophe for the US
[00:29:28] space program. According to NASA, the Challenger exploded in
[00:29:31] the air just seconds after
[00:29:34] pad.
[00:29:38] For the moment, we do not have more information available to the
[00:29:41] public. And then the Columbia disaster in
[00:29:45] 2003. You are watching the
[00:29:49] final moments of the space shuttle,
[00:29:52] Columbia. Both disasters caused a total
[00:29:56] of 14 astronaut deaths. The
[00:29:59] tragedies were becoming very unpopular politically. And
[00:30:03] the space shuttle program began to decline. But this was a problem since
[00:30:06] the shuttle was the only US vehicle that could transport
[00:30:10] astronauts to and from the International Space
[00:30:13] Station.
[00:30:17] When the space shuttle came to an end, the Obama White House proposed
[00:30:21] a kind of drastic reconfiguration of NASA to rely on commercial
[00:30:24] providers to send people to the Space Station. To reach the International
[00:30:28] Space Station, we will collaborate with a growing number of companies.