TELESUR — broadcast
20261011 223000 UTC
401 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive.
Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

[00:00:31] We start our engines in our Telesur knowledge capsule,
[00:00:34] ready to hack the paths of science,
[00:00:38] technology, and innovation. Welcome
[00:00:41] aboard, travelers of knowledge at Atomun,
[00:00:44] delighted to share these innovations that seem like
[00:00:48] tomorrow's, but are more tangible in this
[00:00:53] environmental scientist and creator hyperconnected society. For your host, Jack Bravo, it is an immense pleasure to meet you
[00:00:57] again in this cognitive trench, before
[00:01:00] releasing the massive flow of data, prepared by our
[00:01:03] production team, I invite you to join our
[00:01:06] digital community on Facebook, you can find us as @atomuntelesur
[00:01:10] on X, we are active at @atomuntelesur and
[00:01:13] @yektelesur and you can calibrate your visual pulse on Instagram
[00:01:17] through
[00:01:32] oceans and sky into In this new installment of Atomun, the
[00:01:36] cognitive log explores terraforming
[00:01:39] applied directly to Earth, a radical
[00:01:43] leap where geoengineering and
[00:01:45] ecological restoration become the eventual
[00:01:49] last shock tools against the socio-environmental
[00:01:53] crisis. We are talking about titanic scale
[00:01:56] interventions from altering the skies through...
[00:02:00] solar radiation and cloud seeding to
[00:02:05] planet B, immortalized in redesigning the depths of the oceans with
[00:02:07] iron fertilization and industrial scale carbon
[00:02:10] capture. If the climate can be
[00:02:13] reprogrammed, what remains of nature and
[00:02:16] us when the planet becomes an endless work? A
[00:02:20] topic we will expand on later,
[00:02:23] but in the meantime, I invite you to explore
[00:02:26] how the innovative dynamic of...
[00:02:34] The discovery of this plaque initiated the international campaign to
[00:02:38] declare Bolivia's Cosmic Physics Laboratory as a
[00:02:41] World Heritage site. The
[00:02:44] launch of the Chacaltaya
[00:02:46] Laboratory
[00:02:49] as a UNESCO World Heritage site, we are starting
[00:02:53] that campaign today. The campaign
[00:02:56] has the support of the governments of Brazil and Japan, whose scientists
[00:03:00] carried out experiments and extraordinary findings on Mount
[00:03:04] Chacaltaya, located 5,200 meters above sea
[00:03:07] level, almost 30 km from La
[00:03:10] Paz. Much
[00:03:12] confidence that we will
[00:03:16] succeed in having UNESCO
[00:03:18] recognize this laboratory as a
[00:03:21] to rewrite the thresholds of life on scientific heritage site of humanity,
[00:03:25] based on this important work since
[00:03:27] 1961, numerous Japanese
[00:03:31] universities have been collaborating with the
[00:03:33] Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Here, Japanese
[00:03:37] professor Hideki Yukawa was able to prove his theory that protons
[00:03:41] and neutrons can be together inside the atom due to a particle
[00:03:45] known as the strong force called a pion, which earned
[00:03:48] him the Nobel Prize in Physics. And we wonder how
[00:03:52] protons can be together and neutrons together in
[00:03:56] such a small nucleus, given that we
[00:03:59] know protons have a positive charge and should rather
[00:04:02] repel each other, but there is a strong force that is
[00:04:05] called that makes these particles stay together in the
[00:04:09] nucleus, but for these particles to stay together
[00:04:12] it is through a particle called a pion, which makes the
[00:04:16] exchange of this pion. The observatory has dozens
[00:04:20] of particle detectors installed across Mount Chacaltaya
[00:04:23] that capture two types of cosmic rays, protons
[00:04:26] and gamma rays. We
[00:04:28] are receiving particles, cosmic
[00:04:32] rays, all these particles
[00:04:34] fiction, but researchers from that reach us can now be studied by detectors placed
[00:04:38] here at high altitude and these particles often cannot
[00:04:41] reach sea
[00:04:44] historic center of level, so this
[00:04:46] is the ideal altitude for us to detect
[00:04:50] them and know what matter is made of,
[00:04:54] what we ourselves are made of, and use
[00:04:57] it for medical
[00:05:00] 95% accuracy purposes, even to know what happens beyond our universe.
[00:05:02] The Cosmic Ray Laboratory began studies in 1943
[00:05:06] in the Bolivian Andes mountain range. In
[00:05:09] of the planet, in 1969, the mass of the so-called
[00:05:12] fireballs was discovered here, a phenomenon that occurs
[00:05:15] during high-energy collisions. It is the
[00:05:19] highest cosmic ray laboratory on the continent and
[00:05:23] a new cosmic ray observatory, baptized
[00:05:26] as Project Alpaca, is currently under construction.
[00:05:30] Freddy Morales, Telesur,
[00:05:32] Bolivia.
[00:05:36] The 2026 Nobel Prizes in Science in the disciplines of
[00:05:40] medicine, physics, and chemistry distinguished
[00:05:43] research ranging from the optical control of brain
[00:05:46] circuits to neutrino astronomy and the resolution
[00:05:49] of the enigma of the origin of biological chirality. The
[00:05:53] 2026 Nobel Prize in Medicine went to the
[00:05:56] pioneers of optogenetics, Karl Deisseroth, Peter
[00:05:59] Hegemann, and Georg Nagel, for transforming
[00:06:03] channelrhodopsin, a photoreceptive protein
[00:06:06] found in unicellular algae, into a molecular
[00:06:10] switch capable of activating and silencing specific neurons using
[00:06:14] light beams. The physics award recognized Belgian physicist
[00:06:17] Francis Halzen, leader and promoter of the IceCube Antarctic
[00:06:21] Observatory, buried in the ice of the South Pole, while in
[00:06:24] chemistry, the committee awarded the asymmetric autocatalysis
[00:06:28] reaction, developed by Kensoai and Henry
[00:06:31] Kagan, which explains the homochirality of life and
[00:06:35] spontaneous chiral amplification. Molecules that are
[00:06:38] non-superimposable mirror images, like right
[00:06:42] and left hands, can amplify a small
[00:06:44] asymmetry to achieve absolute enantiomeric
[00:06:47] purity, without prior intervention from other chiral
[00:06:51] substances.
[00:06:55] As you can see, travelers of knowledge, this type
[00:06:58] of technoscientific connections are a
[00:07:01] sample of ingenuity and creativity, which is why in Atomun we will
[00:07:05] continue to show the scope of many of these put at the
[00:07:20] but don't stray from your screens because next we will share with you the
[00:07:24] challenges, adventures, and skills that we always bring you in
[00:07:28] this week's gamer space. We'll be right back, remember, this
[00:07:32] is
[00:07:32] Atomun.
[00:11:17] We continue with more science, technology and innovation
[00:11:20] through your Telesur signal. This is
[00:11:25] Atomun: climate geoengineering proposes a gamble
[00:11:28] as ambitious as it is dangerous: can
[00:11:31] we manipulate the atmosphere and oceans to correct
[00:11:35] the climate, manage solar radiation, capture carbon
[00:11:38] or fertilize the ocean with iron? These are
[00:11:42] some of the experiments that seek to change the
[00:11:45] planet's balance. This blind faith in technology
[00:11:49] reveals our resistance to changing
[00:11:52] the models that caused the collapse. We prefer to turn
[00:11:57] laboratories rather than respecting ecological
[00:12:00] limits. This week's cognitive log takes
[00:12:04] us to explore terraforming on
[00:12:08] planet Earth itself. An alternative to environmental
[00:12:25] The old fantasy of fleeing to a desert and hostile
[00:12:30] science fiction films where humanity abandons a withered
[00:12:33] home to terraform an inaccessible alien
[00:12:36] world, finally revealed itself to be a logical
[00:12:40] absurdity. If one possesses the technology and audacity to make the sterile
[00:12:44] soil of Mars habitable, why not use that same engineering to
[00:12:47] rejuvenate the planet that gave life? Terraforming no longer
[00:12:51] seems like the distant dream of inhabiting Mars, but rather the
[00:12:55] expected urgency of reinventing our own home. When human
[00:12:58] intervention has left irreversible geological scars,
[00:13:02] massively modifying the environment from within is not
[00:13:06] an ideal option, but rather the last frontier against
[00:13:10] the collateral damage of progress itself. The climate
[00:13:13] emergency manifests daily as an implacable planetary
[00:13:16] warning. Against this scenario, terraforming
[00:13:20] emerges as a cutting-edge discipline that seeks to redesign organisms and
[00:13:24] ecosystems through advanced engineering,
[00:13:27] adapting them to extreme environmental conditions and mitigating
[00:13:31] global collapse. These frontier interventions
[00:13:35] range from the strategic introduction of species
[00:13:38] to radical genetic modification, including
[00:13:42] the use of synthetic bacteria, designed
[00:13:46] Earth. One of the candidates is cyanobacteria.
[00:13:49] Cyanobacteria, actually, if you
[00:13:53] look at the literature, are enormously important for
[00:13:56] changing the planet's climate, so
[00:13:59] microorganisms are a great candidate. In Earth's
[00:14:03] ecosystem, they play a very important role, they are what
[00:14:06] are called ecosystem engineers, they are
[00:14:09] responsible for controlling the flows of matter
[00:14:12] and energy. Faced with the climate crisis and the
[00:14:16] systemic imbalances of the Anthropocene, contemporary
[00:14:19] science moves from passive mitigation to active
[00:14:22] intervention and the re-engineering of systems. Below are
[00:14:26] terraforming initiatives for the blue
[00:14:29] marble.
[00:14:36] Climate modification.
[00:14:38] China leads cloud seeding networks with artificial intelligence
[00:14:41] in more than 5.5 million
[00:14:44] km2 to combat droughts and stabilize
[00:14:48] watersheds.
[00:14:52] Space solar energy.
[00:14:55] Advanced orbitals to capture continuous solar radiation and
[00:14:59] transmit it wirelessly to Earth via
[00:15:01] microwaves.
[00:15:07] Solar radiation management. Research
[00:15:10] on stratospheric aerosol injection to simulate the
[00:15:14] global cooling of volcanic
[00:15:15] eruptions.
[00:15:21] Carbon capture and marine geoengineering. Use of
[00:15:25] industrial direct air capture and oceanic iron fertilization
[00:15:28] to accelerate carbon dioxide
[00:15:32] absorption.
[00:15:36] Desert reversal. China leads initiatives
[00:15:40] such as the Great Green Wall and sensor networks with
[00:15:43] AI to contain the advance of the Gobi Desert and
[00:15:47] mitigate dust
[00:15:48] storms.
[00:15:53] Innovation in arid zones. Bifacial
[00:15:56] solar parks that reduce evaporation for
[00:15:59] agriculture in the desert, condensation nets
[00:16:03] to extract water from the coastal air.
[00:16:08] Initiatives such as those of the Asian Giant for photovoltaic
[00:16:11] agriculture in deserts rewrite the rules of
[00:16:14] survival by merging clean energy generation with
[00:16:18] ecological restoration in arid regions such as the
[00:16:22] Tengger Desert. The elevated installation of bifacial
[00:16:25] solar panels not only captures light on both
[00:16:28] sides, but also projects a vital shadow on the ground.
[00:16:32] This thermal shield drastically reduces water
[00:16:35] evaporation, creating a humid microclimate that allows for the cultivation
[00:16:39] of resistant species and medicinal plants in the middle
[00:16:43] of the sand. The synergy is complete: the foliage under the
[00:16:46] panels prevents dust storms that dirty the
[00:16:49] photovoltaics, and the water used to wash the system
[00:16:53] directly hydrates the crops, transforming
[00:16:56] sterile wastelands into living laboratories of circular
[00:17:00] water economy. Despite the overwhelming scientific consensus on
[00:17:03] the anthropogenic origin of global warming, humanity remains
[00:17:07] trapped in a lethal inertia, unable to execute the structural
[00:17:11] measures demanded by climate crises. Although history
[00:17:15] shows that the human species has overcome monumental
[00:17:18] civilizational challenges in the past, the systemic
[00:17:21] magnitude of this threshold admits no precedents. What
[00:17:25] geopolitical, scientific, and ethical levers must we activate
[00:17:29] this time before the margin of maneuver is completely
[00:17:31] exhausted? Manipulating the sky through solar radiation
[00:17:35] management and cloud seeding reveals the audacity and vertigo of
[00:17:39] climate geoengineering. Subjecting the atmosphere to artificial
[00:17:43] thermostatic control implies resorting to extreme
[00:17:46] planetary patches, where every reflective screen or
[00:17:50] provoked drop in celestial laboratories is a reminder that we have
[00:17:54] turned the climate into a variable of industrial survival.
[00:17:57] Healing the depths and the air through direct carbon
[00:18:01] capture and oceanic iron fertilization
[00:18:04] exposes the ambition to reprogram the planet's geochemical
[00:18:08] cycles. Feeding the oceans with nutrients to force
[00:18:12] massive phytoplankton blooms or
[00:18:15] aspirating excess invisible gases from the atmosphere
[00:18:18] demonstrates how we try to hack Earth's chemistry to
[00:18:21] buy a last margin of time. Not intervening
[00:18:25] in the face of systemic collapse is equivalent to a form
[00:18:28] of collective negligence. Designing planetary
[00:18:32] thermostats, manipulating the atmosphere with
[00:18:35] aerosols, or redesigning arid basins with artificial
[00:18:38] intelligence become the only available life rafts to
[00:18:42] slow down the destructive inertia that humanity itself unleashed.
[00:18:46] Trusting that the solution to a crisis caused by excessive industrial
[00:18:49] technification lies in more of it,
[00:18:53] contains the trap of human hubris, the illusion that we
[00:18:56] can govern the biological and climatic complexity of Earth
[00:19:00] as if it were a defective machine that only
[00:19:03] requires adjustment of parts. This Promethean
[00:19:06] mentality runs the risk of generating unpredictable
[00:19:10] collateral effects, masking the structural causes of ecological
[00:19:14] deterioration under the mirage that technology will always
[00:19:18] have a last-minute patch. Ultimately,
[00:19:21] the big question facing civilization is not
[00:19:25] whether it possesses the technical capacity to hack the system, but whether
[00:19:28] it is wise enough to discern when to intervene to
[00:19:32] heal and when to stop so as not to completely break what
[00:19:36] little remains of the Blue Planet.
[00:19:42] Manipulating the local climate through cloud seeding and landscape
[00:19:46] re-engineering poses a deep dilemma: is it a
[00:19:49] legitimate solution or evidence of our
[00:19:53] disconnection from the environment, by treating
[00:19:55] nature as a broken machine that we must
[00:19:59] force to work? These emergency interventions
[00:20:02] risk deepening alienation instead of restoring
[00:20:06] lost harmony. A new break on Atomun,
[00:20:09] but stay with us as I immediately invite
[00:20:13] you to travel
[00:20:16] in the data.
[00:20:24] The central idea of the Gaia hypothesis was proposed in the
[00:20:28] 1970s by chemist James Lovelock and
[00:20:32] microbiologist Lynn Margulis. The proposal
[00:20:34] states that living beings and elements such as the... the oceans
[00:20:38] and the soil interact and generate feedback
[00:20:41] processes that contribute to regulating the conditions
[00:20:46] contrast to the idea of a passive nature that life
[00:20:50] simply adapts. Gaia
[00:20:53] highlights that organisms also transform their environment and can
[00:20:56] influence the conditions that make life possible, a
[00:21:00] hypothesis that generated debate in science and contributed to the
[00:21:03] development of a holistic view of Earth as a system.
[00:21:34] In recent years, climate change, biodiversity
[00:21:37] loss, and pollution have reached
[00:21:40] alarming levels, and Earth warns us of the need to
[00:21:44] act. Avoid constantly opening the refrigerator
[00:21:48] and check that it seals well. Switch to LED bulbs that consume up to
[00:21:52] 80% less energy. Adjust the air
[00:21:54] conditioning to 24 and 26oC and
[00:21:58] clean its filters regularly. Turn off the
[00:22:01] lights and equipment at the end of your workday. Every
[00:22:05] small act multiplied becomes a great
[00:22:07] change. Turn on energy
[00:22:10] saving.
[00:22:14] Explore the truth behind every story with a deep
[00:22:18] and committed look. We decipher the details that
[00:22:21] shape our present and future, along with the voices
[00:22:25] of the people that resonate in every corner of the world.
[00:22:28] Telesur Reports, a unique and authentic
[00:22:32] perspective that reveals the stories they try to
[00:22:35] hide and captures the essence of our
[00:22:38] continent. One story at a time, every Saturday,
[00:22:42] only on Telesur.
[00:22:45] From the Telesur planetarium,
[00:23:14] we orient the sensors towards the deepest mysteries of the cosmos
[00:23:18] to decipher the phenomena that govern the universe,
[00:23:22] astronomical projects, nebulae, and everything that
[00:23:25] moves through the Milky Way, we leave the
[00:23:29] atmosphere and find ourselves out of
[00:23:32] orbit.
[00:23:40] What if the next territorial dispute wasn't on Earth,
[00:23:43] but on the moon? US President
[00:23:46] Donald Trump rekindled the debate by posting on Truth
[00:23:50] Social an AI-generated image with the phrase:
[00:23:53] the moon is ours, accompanied by the
[00:23:56] US flag. But there's a
[00:23:59] contradiction: the 1967 Outer Space Treaty,
[00:24:02] ratified by Washington, prohibits
[00:24:05] the moon or any celestial body from being
[00:24:08] subject to national appropriation. The
[00:24:12] discussion goes beyond an image. The Artemis
[00:24:15] Accords promote the extraction and utilization of
[00:24:18] lunar resources, such as water and minerals,
[00:24:22] without considering territorial appropriation. So while
[00:24:25] space law defines the moon as non-appropriable
[00:24:29] space, the new lunar race opens another
[00:24:32] question: who will control resources and economic activities
[00:24:36] outside Earth?
[00:24:36] tierra.
[00:24:41] Can you imagine a cockroach turned into a
[00:24:44] rescuer? It sounds like science fiction, but technology already
[00:24:48] allows controlling its movements through electrical
[00:24:51] discharges to guide them in search and
[00:24:55] rescue operations. Science is taking
[00:24:58] biology and technology to realms that until recently
[00:25:02] seemed impossible. How does this curious fusion
[00:25:05] between insects and electronics work?
[00:25:09] Discover it in this week's "Hard to
[00:25:12] Believe."
[00:25:19] Cyborg march to save lives sounds like science
[00:25:24] the University of Queensland in Australia are working on
[00:25:28] it. The so-called "Paraborgs" use
[00:25:31] giant cockroaches equipped with technology that allows them to
[00:25:35] be guided through rubble and in some
[00:25:37] prototypes, to activate microinjections of medication
[00:25:41] remotely. In laboratory tests, the system successfully guided
[00:25:45] the insects to control points and achieved up to
[00:25:50] in drug delivery when near the target.
[00:25:53] The advantage: their small size could
[00:25:56] allow them to access spaces where rescuers or conventional
[00:25:59] robots cannot reach. The problem:
[00:26:03] they still need to overcome obstacles such as signal
[00:26:06] loss among rubble, unpredictable terrain, and precise
[00:26:10] injector control. From insect rescuers to cyborgs,
[00:26:13] a technology that could save lives, but which still
[00:26:17] has to prove it can survive reality, even if
[00:26:21] it's hard to
[00:26:21] believe.
[00:26:27] What if humanity could reprogram the climate of its own
[00:26:31] planet? Terraformaction, until now associated with
[00:26:34] other worlds, already proposes intervening in
[00:26:37] atmosphere, oceans, and ecosystems to modify their
[00:26:41] conditions, an idea that opens a real
[00:26:44] debate: how far can we alter
[00:26:47] Earth in the name of our
[00:26:49] survival? In view of this, James Lovelock,
[00:26:55] of the Gaia hypothesis, points out that
[00:26:58] terraforming is not just a contingency plan
[00:27:02] to export civilization to other worlds, but the
[00:27:06] definitive mirror of our responsibility on Earth.
[00:27:10] If we are capable of redesigning the atmosphere of a hostile
[00:27:12] planet, our first undeniable duty
[00:27:15] is to learn to stabilize and
[00:27:19] heal our own. And with this reflection, we conclude a
[00:27:23] new premiere of Atomun, not without first inviting you
[00:27:27] to join our digital community, the networks, as you can see on
[00:27:30] your screens. We'll see you on a next occasion to
[00:27:34] continue exploring the exciting universes of
[00:27:37] knowledge. See you soon, travelers
[00:27:40] of knowledge.
[00:28:09] Millions forge new paths with the hope of a better
[00:28:12] future.
[00:28:16] They cross imaginary lines towards the
[00:28:18] unknown.
[00:28:23] Let's get to know the stories of those who live between
[00:28:25] borders.
[00:28:29] Every Thursday, only on Telesur.
[00:28:41] In 1987, Colombia Jaime
[00:28:45] Pardo, a lawyer and politician recognized for his role as leader
[00:28:48] of the Patriotic Union Political Party, was assassinated as a martyr of the
[00:28:51] struggle for social justice. His career was marked by the
[00:28:55] defense of workers and the search for a democratic
[00:28:58] solution amidst the political violence that afflicted the country.
[00:29:02] What is life worth if, when you have it, it seems dead? Life
[00:29:06] is for living, for feeling it, for
[00:29:10] vibrating with it. That justifies our passage through
[00:29:13] this earth. Jaime
[00:29:14] Pardo. October 11,
[00:29:18] 1987, Jaime
[00:29:21] Pardo is assassinated.
[00:29:25] Join the WhatsApp channel on Telesur and receive the most
[00:29:28] relevant news and analysis from Latin America and the world on your mobile.
[00:29:32] The depth that our multiplatform offers you, scan the QR
[00:29:36] code to stay informed 24 hours a day.