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[00:00:15] You're watching TRT World, I'm Yashini Padiachi with a reminder
[00:00:18] of our main headlines. Iran and Oman remain
[00:00:22] positive on an outcome from their talks to open the straight of
[00:00:25] Hormus. Oman has called the talks constructive while
[00:00:28] Iran's top diplomats. says they're headed in the right direction.
[00:00:32] Abbas Arakchi also says both sides are discussing a
[00:00:35] temporary route for ships to pass through. The
[00:00:39] talks are about a temporary route. We're almost very
[00:00:42] close to the result. Determining this route by Iran and
[00:00:45] Oman does not necessarily mean the reopening of the straight of
[00:00:48] Hamos. That is dependent on other factors. The violations of
[00:00:52] the memorandum of understanding by America should be
[00:00:55] compensated. The current situation, I should say clearly
[00:00:59] is the result. of violating the memorandum of understanding by
[00:01:02] America. Vice President J.D. Vans
[00:01:06] says the US and Iran talks are ongoing and assurances have
[00:01:10] been given, no toll will be charged from ships passing through the
[00:01:14] straight. Speaking to Fox News, he said Washington will
[00:01:17] decide on the outcome once it gets a clear picture of what offers
[00:01:21] on the table and if they meet the US's
[00:01:23] requirements. We've destroyed their nuclear program, we've
[00:01:27] destroyed their conventional military, we've... reduce their what you
[00:01:31] might call their asymmetric military abilities, and right now we're
[00:01:35] trying to see if they're willing to make the kind of long-term
[00:01:38] changes that would be necessary to have better relationship with the
[00:01:41] United States, and if not uh, that's fine too, we're just going to keep on
[00:01:45] applying the pressure that we can apply, and getting as much oil and
[00:01:48] gas out of the Middle East.
[00:01:51] Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have signed a landmark
[00:01:54] defense packed in Mecca, pledging attack on one will be
[00:01:58] treated as an attack on all. The Turkish President says the deal
[00:02:01] reaffirms the right to self-defense and is not aimed
[00:02:05] any country. The deal comes as attentions have grown across
[00:02:09] the region since the war on Iran
[00:02:10] started.
[00:02:13] And Russian overnight strikes on Ukraine's key region have killed
[00:02:16] three people including a child. Three others were
[00:02:19] injured when multiple locations just outside the
[00:02:23] capital were also hit. This comes as President Zelensky
[00:02:26] is in Belgrade on his first official visit to Serbia.
[00:02:30] one of the few European countries that has maintained
[00:02:33] friendly relations with Russia and continues to
[00:02:37] get gas from Moscow.
[00:02:40] The news continues on TRT World.
[00:03:34] The state of Matogroso is the Brazilian wild
[00:03:37] west and the reigning champion in every sector of
[00:03:41] agrobusiness: cotton, rice,
[00:03:44] sugarcane, corn. It's the country's
[00:03:47] foremost producer of genetically modified soy and the
[00:03:50] undisputed record holder in pesticide
[00:03:53] use.
[00:03:57] Matogroso consistently ranks at the top of the...
[00:04:10] demand from when we see it at
[00:04:13] first sight, of course we want to swim and everything,
[00:04:17] but knowing the results of the
[00:04:20] research, I
[00:04:21] particularly
[00:04:25] would, despite
[00:04:26] loving it.
[00:04:33] chemical contamination actually doesn't appear,
[00:04:37] it doesn't appear like this, the river seems to be well
[00:04:40] preserved, very clean, but when
[00:04:43] we do an analysis
[00:04:46] uh, a chemical analysis in the laboratory is when we
[00:04:48] detect these residues,
[00:04:50] right?
[00:05:02] Owing to the 3,669 pesticides it is
[00:05:06] authorized, Brazil is a real mecha for multinational
[00:05:09] companies, European for the most.
[00:05:19] They make billions from the
[00:05:22] sale of extremely dangerous pesticides, most
[00:05:26] of which are banned in
[00:05:27] our country.
[00:05:32] 20%, about 20% of the intoxicated population in Brazil are
[00:05:35] children and young people aged 0 to 19 years old, even babies,
[00:05:39] we are facing a form of infanticide.
[00:05:45] "Wait a minute, something's not right here. We're not going to build a European
[00:05:49] fortress by protecting European citizens to improve their
[00:05:52] health and destroying the health of Brazilians and so on. There's still
[00:05:56] a problem of ethics and deontology,
[00:06:00] and so we import products that have been manufactured
[00:06:04] with these dangerous pesticides and we end up with residues
[00:06:07] of these pesticides that are banned in Europe but that we find on our
[00:06:11] plates in France."
[00:06:44] In October 2018, Jair
[00:06:46] Bolsonaro was elected President of the Federative Republic of
[00:06:49] Brazil. With his former paratrooper at the head of the
[00:06:52] country, he guaranteed free reign to the agricultural
[00:06:55] industry. No sooner was he elected that he was already
[00:06:59] pledging his allegiance to the heads of agribusiness who had gathered to
[00:07:03] celebrate his
[00:07:03] victory.
[00:07:07] I am your employee, you are
[00:07:10] our bosses.
[00:07:20] He made them very generous gifts and in one year he doubled the
[00:07:24] authorizations for the importation of pesticides, insecticides
[00:07:28] as well as fungicides, some of which include products banned in
[00:07:32] Europe.
[00:07:34] This poisoned kingdom currently uses 3,669
[00:07:38] pesticides and has become a highly sought after market for chemical multination.
[00:07:42] nationals, including three European
[00:07:45] giants, the Swiss and Genta, and the German
[00:07:48] BASF and Byer, which acquired Monsanto in
[00:07:51] 2018.
[00:07:54] Their advertisements stage pastoral ideal, complete
[00:07:57] with lush fields, fresh breezes and healthy produce,
[00:08:01] depicting an idealized planet and suggesting a way
[00:08:04] forward for the future of sustainable
[00:08:06] agriculture.
[00:08:13] "I think it's really important that
[00:08:15] agriculture not only feeds the world, but
[00:08:19] also does it in a way that takes care of our
[00:08:21] planet.
[00:08:25] These three multinationals alone made over
[00:08:27] 150 billion euros in profit in
[00:08:30] 2019. They prefer for that to remain under the
[00:08:33] radar. Their viewpoint isn't shared by one Swiss
[00:08:37] NGO that's based in
[00:08:38] Lauzanne."
[00:08:46] what way too expensive? need
[00:08:50] lower prices. i don't care
[00:08:52] how.
[00:08:55] public eye has been investigating the abuses perpetrated by
[00:08:59] multinationals in developing countries for over 50
[00:09:02] years. the NGO just published a world business map of
[00:09:06] Sagenta and his competitors, buyer and
[00:09:08] bas.
[00:09:13] the pesticide market is an extremely lucrative market, tens
[00:09:16] of billions every year, but it is extremely secretive, there is very little
[00:09:20] data, very few figures on pesticide sales,
[00:09:24] companies were always able to camouflage themselves behind the famous
[00:09:28] business secret, because these data are not published, they are
[00:09:31] confidential, and it was indeed the first time that we
[00:09:34] managed to create a complete mapping of these
[00:09:37] exports,
[00:09:42] gives there... Numbers are dizzying. In 2018, the three European
[00:09:45] giants sold over 80,000 tons of
[00:09:48] pesticides that are banned in
[00:09:50] Europe.
[00:09:53] 90% of their products come from factories in Europe, in Great
[00:09:56] Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany,
[00:09:59] France, Belgium and
[00:10:01] Spain.
[00:10:03] 1/3 of the sales made in 2018 were extremely
[00:10:07] dangerous pesticides, carcinogenic, bee killers, endocrine
[00:10:11] disruptors. A total of more than 40
[00:10:14] different pesticides, substances, molecules,
[00:10:17] dangerous banned in our fields, which were approved
[00:10:21] for export that year, for a total volume of more than 4.
[00:10:33] Whatever the case, this strategy of playing on double standards
[00:10:36] thrives in the Brazilian
[00:10:38] market.
[00:10:41] Back in Mato Grosso, the landscape is desolate, emptied of
[00:10:45] life, soy and cotton fields, as far as
[00:10:48] the eye can see, have replaced the original forest known
[00:10:52] as the Sarado.
[00:10:56] There are no animals in these fields, only
[00:10:59] the dance of pesticide sprays either on the ground or in the
[00:11:03] air.
[00:11:05] Aerial crop spraying is authorized here. It's been banned in
[00:11:09] Europe for very long
[00:11:11] time.
[00:11:20] Sapazel sprung from the earth 30 years ago thanks to the boom in
[00:11:24] soy, corn. and cotton crops, it's also the
[00:11:27] city that uses the most pesticides in all of
[00:11:30] grosso.
[00:11:35] Professor Marcia Montanari has an appointment at the Andrea
[00:11:39] Antonio Maggie middle school. The staff
[00:11:42] knows Marcia well. She's been analyzing the tap water here for six
[00:11:46] years now.
[00:11:49] Water that over a thousand school children drink every
[00:11:52] day.
[00:12:19] what legislation recommends, right, from the drinking water ordinance, we also evaluate the most used pesticides here in Mato Grosso,
[00:12:21] right?
[00:12:25] So we detected, out of the total number of wells we
[00:12:28] monitored, in the municipality of Sapezal, half of them,
[00:12:32] 50% of the artesian wells of the schools we monitored
[00:12:35] showed pesticide residues, right?
[00:12:38] Uh, so we also found this rainwater,
[00:12:42] the results that people
[00:12:46] obtained were quite considerable, right?
[00:12:49] The school itself, the professionals, we were very
[00:12:52] shaken by the results, but something...
[00:12:56] in relation to agribusiness, nothing was done, not that I know
[00:12:59] of, to protect the school's
[00:13:02] water, no, nothing happened, so
[00:13:05] no, as far as I know, no,
[00:13:09] because I think that for something to happen, they would have to stop
[00:13:12] applying pesticides, right? But
[00:13:16] since it's a very agricultural region, the population
[00:13:20] lives from it, right? The economic issue is very strong in our
[00:13:23] municipality because of agriculture.
[00:13:41] in the kingdom of soy and pesticides, it's difficult to
[00:13:44] fight an all powerful industry, on the
[00:13:47] side of road, a sprayer shoots out chemical
[00:13:50] products, it's breaking the law because it isn't abiding by the
[00:13:54] safe distance regulations. We are less
[00:13:57] than 50 meters away, right? It is not
[00:14:01] allowed to even plant so close to the
[00:14:04] highway, much less spray, right?
[00:14:07] It's really a very dangerous situation,
[00:14:10] right, from a sanitary point of view.
[00:14:26] We continue on our journey:
[00:14:28] suddenly, a plane flies low overhead, shooting out
[00:14:32] yellow spray onto the soy field below, another
[00:14:36] infraction against laws to regulate aerial
[00:14:38] spraying,
[00:14:41] fish. To protect ourselves from the pesticide
[00:14:44] spray, we keep the windows closed and filmed from
[00:14:47] inside the car. By law, a spraying airplane
[00:14:51] must close its flaps while flying over road or populated air.
[00:14:57] It passed directly, in short, there was no care to
[00:15:01] observe the road issue, right, and people
[00:15:05] passing by, we noticed that a motorcyclist passed right
[00:15:08] after, right, practically along with the
[00:15:11] spraying, so it's a very
[00:15:15] great risk, right, to the health of the people who work on these farms
[00:15:18] and, well, the people who travel on these roads, right? So
[00:15:21] we perceive that there is a...
[00:15:26] a disrespect, right, a disregard for Brazilian legislation,
[00:15:30] and this ends up happening
[00:15:33] and there is no inspection that can punish.
[00:15:38] or correct these actions,
[00:15:53] in sapzel, marcia Montanari has detected 40
[00:15:56] different pesticides that are present in 56% of
[00:16:00] rainwater samples and in
[00:16:02] 83% of Tapwater
[00:16:04] samples.
[00:16:10] The issue of water contamination isn't relegated to the
[00:16:13] countryside. Brazilian Megalapolis are also
[00:16:17] affected such as Sao and its 27 million
[00:16:21] inhabitants. Researchers have isolated more than 20
[00:16:24] pesticides in city water, which would be considered as undrinkable
[00:16:28] in
[00:16:28] Europe.
[00:16:35] The most frequently used substances are.
[00:17:07] European hypocrisy because in the early 2000s it was banned in
[00:17:11] Europe because it was found that it polluted uh groundwater and
[00:17:15] therefore drinking water, and even now uh, almost
[00:17:18] 15-20 years later, it is one of the most detected pesticides in
[00:17:22] drinking water in Europe. It is
[00:17:24] an endocrine disruptor, meaning that it is a
[00:17:27] pesticide that, even at very low doses, can disrupt your
[00:17:31] hormonal system and affect the reproductive system. All
[00:17:35] these banned pesticides
[00:17:37] concerned by our investigation are all substances that were used in Europe,
[00:17:41] but withdrawn from the market, because European authorities concluded that
[00:17:45] the dangers and risks posed by these substances
[00:17:48] were too
[00:17:49] high.
[00:17:53] the use of paraquad is also forbidden in the European Union, but
[00:17:57] its production is
[00:17:58] not.
[00:18:01] manufactured in England, it made up a third of the volume of pesticides
[00:18:04] forbidden in Europe, but it was exported,
[00:18:12] So paraquat is an extremely toxic
[00:18:16] herbicide that was developed in the 60s, to tell you that
[00:18:19] it's been almost 60 years that this
[00:18:22] pesticide has been on the market. It's an herbicide that is so toxic that
[00:18:26] if you swallow a single teaspoon it's guaranteed
[00:18:30] death. It's an herbicide that is responsible for thousands
[00:18:33] of poisonings each year in developing countries, farmers who apply
[00:18:38] this herbicide without any protection and who inhale the
[00:18:41] product or are exposed through the
[00:18:44] skin, despite this, paraquat is
[00:18:48] still authorized in some countries. In order to
[00:18:51] understand this aberration, it's necessary to understand how
[00:18:54] these products are evaluated and sold on the
[00:18:57] market.
[00:19:00] All over the world, these chemicals are entrusted to public
[00:19:03] agencies such as the EFSA, the European
[00:19:06] Food safety. Authority for
[00:19:08] review.
[00:19:16] Unfortunately, pesticide manufacturers are both judge and
[00:19:20] jury in these review trials. They are the ones to
[00:19:23] conduct and provide the regulatory agencies with
[00:19:26] studies on the potential toxicity of the
[00:19:29] pesticides.
[00:19:34] Cutta, the director of a European syndicate of agrochem.
[00:19:41] Of course, the data are provided by the industries because it is a
[00:19:48] regulation, we must present these scientific
[00:19:50] studies to the evaluation agencies, and we are talking
[00:19:54] about thousands of pages per file, so of course we
[00:19:57] provide these data, but I do not believe that there is a deficit
[00:20:01] in analytical capacity on the part
[00:20:04] of the evaluation authorities. It
[00:20:07] is really one of their arguments to defend their profession, that is, they say that pesticides
[00:20:11] are one of the most regulated sectors in the world, there is no
[00:20:14] problem, uh, circulating, nothing to see, and that's where there's a
[00:20:18] big, big lie behind it, which is that in fact this whole system of evaluating
[00:20:22] pesticide risks is based on studies that are carried out
[00:20:26] by the industry itself on its own products and which are
[00:20:30] confidential, that is, you, me, a university professor, a
[00:20:33] researcher cannot go and verify if what is
[00:20:36] presented to the regulator... holds up, and every
[00:20:39] time that these studies have been able to be made public
[00:20:43] in one way or another following a court decision
[00:20:47] or following ongoing investigations by the...
[00:21:06] A whistleblower, toxicologist who worked for a long time in a laboratory acquired by Sangenta revealed how
[00:21:10] public agencies had been deceived for over 60
[00:21:13] years.
[00:21:17] John Hailings proved that the company ICI. that later
[00:21:20] became Zenika, then singenta, had
[00:21:23] falsified data its star herbicide
[00:21:26] paraquat. Halings was recruited in
[00:21:30] 1986, his mission was to make paraquet less
[00:21:33] dangerous to prevent ingestion related
[00:21:35] deaths.
[00:21:38] Paracut actually is probably the the most deadly pesticide which has
[00:21:42] ever been made in and there are some nasty pesticides
[00:21:46] out there. Paraquot is absorbed from the gut
[00:21:49] very quickly. 'you after drinking within one
[00:21:52] hour you have the highest blood level,
[00:21:55] so we then thought if you can remove the paraquot
[00:21:59] from the stomach, this would be a good approach, so
[00:22:03] I already knew that there was an ametic
[00:22:06] agent in the formulation, so I
[00:22:09] thought, well there's already emetic in there, why doesn't the
[00:22:12] ametic remove the gel in the
[00:22:15] stomach, is there something wrong with the dose
[00:22:19] of?' the ametic or the concentration. John
[00:22:23] Halings went back to the first studies carried out in
[00:22:25] 1977. They indicated that even at high
[00:22:28] doses anametic would not take effect for two
[00:22:31] hours, which was too late as paraguaid
[00:22:34] ingestion kills in under one hour. In the official report,
[00:22:38] however, Singenta appeared to have falsified the
[00:22:41] findings. It had replaced some of the
[00:22:44] vomiting data um from the clinical trial with
[00:22:48] other data from other. patient trials
[00:22:50] and totally ignored the fact that the
[00:22:54] dose level that they were recommending actually didn't work in
[00:22:58] humans, so um, I was quite
[00:23:02] astounded,
[00:23:04] yet when John Halings alerted higher ups, they said to
[00:23:08] me that this would be very, very
[00:23:10] damaging for the reputation
[00:23:14] of not just the central toxicology laboratory, but the company as a
[00:23:17] whole, and because...
[00:23:20] "I had discovered new formulation with a high
[00:23:23] emetic, maybe this would solve
[00:23:26] it. Nine years later, the disillusionment was
[00:23:30] final. Although John had found more effective formula, the
[00:23:34] company chose not to use it. In 1995, as
[00:23:37] stipulated by law, paraquad had to undergo new evaluation by
[00:23:41] the European Union. John decided to verify the report
[00:23:45] supplied by the manufacturer, and
[00:23:48] when I look through this..." thought, hang a minute, this
[00:23:51] still has the original fabricated
[00:23:54] data um that is incorrect, and it's
[00:23:58] citing the same report which was written in
[00:24:01] 1977, which is incorrect, so I
[00:24:05] gave detailed
[00:24:07] um, probably two or three page response to
[00:24:10] agrochemicals, saying you cannot use this, didn't
[00:24:14] you know that there was a problem, nothing, I
[00:24:18] had nothing back, most like nothing had
[00:24:21] happened, but in the EU in 1995
[00:24:24] they used the false data for re-eregistration and kept
[00:24:28] it on the market for another 10 years with hundreds
[00:24:32] of people poisoned across Europe before they banned it.
[00:24:35] where you according to you, why haven't they changed the level of
[00:24:39] emetic? well, there's a very good reason
[00:24:42] and it's called money. the cost of doing that was so
[00:24:46] prohibitive that they said this would destroy the...
[00:24:55] It wasn't until 2007 that the European
[00:24:58] Union.
[00:25:00] Brazil has only just banned it, but it's still sold in the United
[00:25:03] States, India and South Africa. A
[00:25:07] professor of clinical toxicology at the University of Edinburgh
[00:25:11] estimates that it's caused about 10,00
[00:25:13] deaths.
[00:25:16] The EFSA, the European agency charged with.
[00:25:20] evaluating pesticides declined all requests for an
[00:25:22] interview. As for Sangenta, we had to
[00:25:26] make do with promotional films gleaned online, but
[00:25:30] couldn't help but be impressed by the company's highly effective advertising
[00:25:33] campaign.
[00:25:41] I've spent most of my life in the countryside, today my greatest
[00:25:45] joy is to see my country champion in another
[00:25:48] field. The field of
[00:25:51] agriculture,
[00:25:55] the Agro Brazil team does well abroad and also at home,
[00:25:59] good, healthy and cheap food.
[00:26:10] The champion in production and
[00:26:10] preservation.
[00:26:15] Academic researchers don't have the same resources. Still,
[00:26:19] Larissa Bombardi was able to create atlas of pesticides in
[00:26:23] Brazil from publicly available data. She unequivocally
[00:26:27] established the links between European chemical manufacturers and
[00:26:30] Brazilian agrobusiness. the former sell half billion
[00:26:34] intoxic chemicals each year to the latter who make annual
[00:26:38] profits upwards of 2.5 billion euros in
[00:26:41] agricultural exports to
[00:26:42] Europe.
[00:26:47] Brazilian deputy Alexander Pedia, minister of health during
[00:26:50] Lules terms president, fought big land owners and under
[00:26:53] Bolsonaro, he continues to push back against the policies of former
[00:26:57] minister of agriculture Teresa Christina, nicknamed the
[00:27:00] poisonous muse, she has all
[00:27:11] by the producers and especially by the small producers who do not
[00:27:15] have this training done for them to
[00:27:18] be careful, apply with appropriate
[00:27:21] clothing, with appropriate
[00:27:24] equipment, wash the equipment, not
[00:27:28] smoke, sometimes the person smokes while applying in
[00:27:31] the cigarette. They end up ingesting chemical
[00:27:34] products that they are using for application.
[00:27:38] The rural caucus, without a doubt,
[00:27:41] perhaps the largest right-wing party
[00:27:44] and economic power in Brazil today, are families
[00:27:48] that for generations, decades
[00:27:51] ago, commanded political power in the
[00:27:54] interior of the country, trying to influence the agenda
[00:27:58] of the country in congress. From the release of
[00:28:02] pesticides, removal of environmental regulations,
[00:28:05] and they dialogue with other
[00:28:09] agendas to gain popularity, they are very much related to
[00:28:13] conservative agendas,
[00:28:17] anti-abortion, eh,
[00:28:20] homophobic, misogynistic, eh,
[00:28:22] they are very much associated with the agenda of arms liberation, eh,
[00:28:26] the caucus of the beef, the Bible, and the bullet, right?
[00:28:30] bala, né?
[00:28:32] These elected officials who hold the reigns of power of bagar business,
[00:28:36] declined our requests to be interviewed. They don't feel like
[00:28:39] they have anything to excuse.
[00:28:43] A similar feeling is shared in another sphere of power, one of the judges of the
[00:28:47] Supreme Court is at the center of an environmental
[00:28:50] scandal.
[00:28:52] Mendez isn't only a judge, he owns lot of land,
[00:28:55] including a 611 hectare farm, the Rancho
[00:28:58] allegre in Mato Groso, where he grows soy, albeit. in
[00:29:02] full defiance of the law, he sprays pesticides close to the
[00:29:06] source of the Paraguay river, which is drying up. This
[00:29:10] area is officially
[00:29:11] protected.
[00:29:14] In Diamontino, at the Regional Ministry of Justice, young
[00:29:17] prosecutor.
[00:29:26] from my institution which is responsible for verifying my conduct
[00:29:30] as a public prosecutor. and he called the
[00:29:34] ombudsman of his office in
[00:29:36] Brasília, told him, cursed at me,
[00:29:40] offended me, called me crazy, and
[00:29:43] told him that he had to take
[00:29:45] action,
[00:29:50] the young prosecutor organized a public hearing to encourage farmers to
[00:29:54] reduce their pesticide use in this protected area,
[00:29:57] judge Mendes alone refuses to abide by the
[00:30:00] law.
[00:30:03] This treasonous offens earned this prosecutor a disciplinary
[00:30:06] investigation and a 45-day unpaid
[00:30:09] leave after which Daniel Zapier requested the transfer to another
[00:30:13] jurisdiction.
[00:30:18] Judge Mendes continues to spray toxic chemicals close to the source of the
[00:30:21] Paraguay river.
[00:30:24] As a Supreme Court judge, his vote carries weight in legal matters
[00:30:28] related to pesticides.
[00:30:31] He did not respond to our requests for an
[00:30:33] interview,
[00:30:39] a global conversation where everyone has a
[00:30:42] voice that can make an
[00:30:44] impact,
[00:30:47] no matter who, no matter where, social media
[00:30:50] connects us all, oh my god, on
[00:30:54] newsf we look at the world through the prism of social
[00:30:57] media,
[00:30:59] right, intelligent, informs. and
[00:31:02] entertains, no what's happening in?