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20260806 210000 UTC
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[00:00:12] You are now watching TAI TV News Channel.
[00:00:27] Explore scientific knowledge and experience life science. Hello everyone, welcome to
[00:00:30] Discover Science. I'm Wu Kai Wen. First, we will take you to
[00:00:34] see Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
[00:00:38] In Titan's region, there are large areas of night-like lakes,
[00:00:41] but Titan's lakes are different from Earth's.
[00:00:45] The liquid inside is not water, but mainly composed of
[00:00:48] methane. The MIT in the United States has made a heart-shaped
[00:00:52] wave model to simulate the wave state of this methane lake.
[00:00:56] The result shows that only a little wind is needed.
[00:01:04] Saturn has beautiful Saturn rings, and among its many moons,
[00:01:08] the largest one is this Titan with a thick atmosphere, also known
[00:01:12] as Titan. Titan's climate
[00:01:15] and surface environment, I just said it has lakes, right?
[00:01:19] ?
[00:01:24] It's a fake bowl.
[00:01:25] 。
[00:02:00] The fake bowls on Titan
[00:02:04] are basically petroleum.
[00:02:07] 。
[00:02:14] The lakes on Titan are mainly concentrated in the polar regions, and the largest
[00:02:18] one is over 1,000 kilometers in diameter. On Titan's surface
[00:02:22] at about minus 179 degrees Celsius, because the temperature is higher than the freezing point
[00:02:26] of the main methane component in the lake, the lake is mainly
[00:02:30] liquid methane. The research team at
[00:02:33] MIT in the United States applied their planetary wave model
[00:02:37] to Titan's lakes after considering various conditions and parameters
[00:02:41] on Titan, to understand its wave state.
[00:02:45] The result was an interesting discovery. As long as
[00:02:48] the wind speed is much smaller than the wind speed required to generate
[00:02:52] waves on Earth's surface, it can generate
[00:02:56] waves in that area of Titan.
[00:03:30] We say that Titan's atmosphere is actually very thick,
[00:03:33] even thicker than Earth's. We talk about aerosols.
[00:03:37] 。
[00:03:41] The planetary wave model predicts that even a little wind is
[00:03:45] enough to generate giant waves in Titan's lakes.
[00:03:48] The main components are methane and ethane.
[00:03:52] The density of these
[00:03:56] is lighter than water. It seems,
[00:05:00] you can see a large area of regularly arranged, dragon-scale-like polygonal
[00:05:03] patterns. This is not a relic of
[00:05:07] an alien civilization, but a mysterious mark left by geological evolution.
[00:05:11] So,
[00:06:12] in fact, similar polygonal patterns are not the first time they have been
[00:06:16] discovered on Mars. As early as 2017 and
[00:06:19] 2023, similar landforms were photographed separately.
[00:06:23] Recently, it was on the way to another
[00:06:26] smaller crater in the Gale Crater, and found a large area
[00:06:30] of mud-cracked terrain with hexagonal
[00:06:34] shapes, similar to the one found in 2023.
[00:06:37] 。
[00:06:40] According to statistics, there are about several thousand cells. So, at first,
[00:06:43] we had similar similar landforms observed in 2017, and
[00:06:47] in 2023, we saw a more specific and obvious one.
[00:06:51] Now, in 2026, we see another
[00:06:54] similar one. So, we are currently in the process
[00:06:58] of climbing, so in fact, we have a continuous observation
[00:07:02] result data. In addition to continuously collecting more
[00:07:05] data, scientists are also actively analyzing the causes of the hexagonal
[00:07:09] landforms on Mars. Usually,
[00:08:12] there may have been a season of
[00:08:16] existence. There may have been traces of feathers, and dry traces, but so far, we have not found
[00:08:20] any real water on Mars.
[00:08:23] Water ice exists, but we cannot see the existence of real water at present. Therefore,
[00:08:27] we can boldly speculate that there are actually quite large
[00:08:31] changes on Mars. For a long time, scientists have always hoped to find
[00:08:35] evidence of life on Mars. Although at this stage, only
[00:08:39] some elements that life may exist have been observed, such as water.
[00:08:51] But with the later period providing us with more and more abundant information, we also hope that one day humans can truly unravel this century-old mystery. A meteor
[00:08:54] exploded over the northeastern United States a few days ago. Many people
[00:08:58] heard a huge explosion. The United States also confirmed that
[00:09:01] the meteor entered the atmosphere at a speed of about
[00:09:05] 120,000 kilometers per hour, and then disintegrated in the upper atmosphere,
[00:09:09] releasing energy equivalent to 300 tons of TNT.
[00:09:59] as that meteor entered into the atmosphere, it let off this big giant flash of
[00:10:03] light, and you can see that right off the south shore
[00:10:06] there. It is also suspected to be caused by earthquakes due to the surface, but
[00:14:24] At present.
[00:15:27] The soundless universe always fills humanity with imagination. NASA in the United States has launched a space telescope project, the SOFIA
[00:15:31] X mission, and will launch it in March 2025.
[00:15:35] The main mission is to explore the universe.
[00:16:09] Through infrared observations, we can see that the blue
[00:16:13] parts are ice within giant molecular clouds
[00:16:17] in the Milky Way, and the coverage exceeds 600
[00:16:21] light-years, which is quite vast. Unlike ice on Earth,
[00:16:24] the composition of these interstellar ice is relatively complex, including
[00:16:28] water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methanol, ammonia,
[00:16:32] and possibly some organic molecules. In fact,
[00:16:36] ice on Earth.
[00:17:12] In fact, this is not the first time humans have detected so-called interstellar ice.
[00:17:16] The previous Hubble Space Telescope
[00:17:19] and the retired Spitzer Space Telescope also detected
[00:17:23] ice molecules in the Milky Way. But SOFIA
[00:17:27] X is the first one specifically used for large-scale spectroscopic
[00:17:30] sky surveys, and an infrared mission that searches
[00:17:34] for such molecules across the entire sky.
[00:17:38] Other telescopes, like JWST, can also clearly see
[00:17:41] the interstellar ice parts, but
[00:17:44] its observation range is very small, a bit like using a flashlight
[00:17:48] to illuminate something. But this time, the breakthrough of Spherix
[00:17:52] is that it has a whole-sky observation concept. It observes
[00:17:56] a whole patch of sky at once. So it allows us to clearly see
[00:17:59] the large-scale distribution of this interstellar ice.
[00:18:03] Saphere X can observe the sky in 102 colors.
[00:18:06] Each color represents different wavelengths of infrared light,
[00:18:10] thus providing scientists with unique information about galaxies,
[00:18:14] stars, planetary formation, and other cosmic
[00:18:18] features. By the end of 2025, Spher X had completed its first
[00:18:22] full-sky infrared cosmic map, depicting the positions
[00:18:25] of hundreds of millions of galaxies in 3D. But
[00:18:29] because of Sphera
[00:18:31] app,
[00:18:34] that comprehensive scanning of some areas in the Milky Way.
[00:18:38] Where the content of interstellar ice, or the so-called
[00:18:42] abundance of interstellar ice molecules, is higher.
[00:18:45] After it scans out these places, it uses infrared
[00:18:49] to create a full galaxy
[00:18:53] image of the Milky Way. Through Spherix's infrared observations, we
[00:18:57] can see things invisible to the naked eye, such as its basic
[00:19:01] chemistry. We can see ice, dust,
[00:19:04] or other organic matter.
[00:19:37] It also shows that in the densest
[00:19:41] dust regions, the abundance of ice is also the highest. This also supports
[00:19:45] the mainstream theory, which is that interstellar ice forms on the surface of tiny dust
[00:19:49] particles and is protected by a dense dust environment,
[00:19:53] from the destructive effects of strong ultraviolet radiation from stars.
[00:19:57] However, these discoveries are just the beginning of this mission.
[00:20:00] Future observations by Spher X will provide scientists with powerful
[00:20:04] tools to continue exploring the various unsolved mysteries
[00:23:50] Welcome back to Discover Science. Many people who are sick and taking medicine
[00:23:54] are most afraid of smelling the bitter taste of medicine powder.
[00:23:58] At this time, capsules become the best
[00:24:02] choice. But do you know that its function is not only to
[00:24:05] mask the taste of medicine, but also to protect the medicine from being prematurely
[00:24:09] destroyed, and to react at the appropriate time? What are the raw materials
[00:24:13] of these capsules? And how are they decomposed and absorbed by the human body?
[00:24:17] Let's take a look together.
[00:24:50] Although capsules look like plastic, they have nothing to do with plastic.
[00:24:54] In fact, the most common material for capsules is gelatin,
[00:24:57] which is a natural substance extracted from animal skin, bones,
[00:25:01] or cartilage. That gelatin
[00:25:05] usually comes from pig bones, pig skin,
[00:25:09] and cowhide. But if there are only these things, it cannot
[00:25:13] be used directly. It needs to be processed. Scientists extract
[00:25:16] collagen from animals. After that, after cleaning,
[00:25:20] boiling, concentrating, drying, and grinding,
[00:25:24] an odorless gelatin powder can be obtained.
[00:25:28] Dissolve it in hot water, and it will become a solution.
[00:25:31] After cooling, it will become an elastic gelatinous substance.
[00:25:35] Animal gelatin with these characteristics is usually made
[00:25:39] into two common types of capsules. Like
[00:25:42] our animal gelatin.
[00:25:44] 。
[00:26:59] HPMC capsules also have the greatest
[00:27:03] value, which is that they can be used to further modify
[00:27:07] so-called enteric drugs.
[00:27:28] It is relatively stable until our deeper intestines
[00:27:31] are completely.
[00:28:33] It is actually very simple to verify that acids help decompose
[00:28:37] capsules. If the same capsule is thrown into water, the softening
[00:28:40] and decomposition speed is slow. But if acid is added to the water cup,
[00:28:44] the decomposition speed of the capsule can be greatly increased.
[00:28:48] Capsules, which are closely related to people's lives, actually hide interesting
[00:28:52] chemical principles.
[00:28:54] Today, in the program, we learned about Titan, Saturn's moon.
[00:28:58] It is Saturn's largest moon, and also the only one in the solar system
[00:29:02] besides.
[00:30:12] You are now watching TAI TV News Channel.
[00:30:27] Explore scientific knowledge, experience life science. Hello everyone, welcome to
[00:30:30] Discover Science. I am.
[00:30:41] It is mainly related to the tumbling flow that appears below the dam. Professor Wu Zuo of the Institute
[00:30:45] of Marine Science, Central University, analyzed through experiments that when
[00:30:49] the water flows rapidly downstream to a slower
[00:30:53] water area, a phenomenon will occur at the intersection of the two.
[00:30:57] At this time, in the water moon area.