TV3 — broadcast
20260811 203000 UTC
443 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
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[00:00:03] work decisively to transform their economy and free it from
[00:00:07] 2013, NASA's astronaut the dependence on oil in decline. The
[00:00:10] Minister of Advanced Technology Saramiri leads
[00:00:14] this change: we diversify because we have to as a
[00:00:18] country, so that when one sector is affected, the
[00:00:21] other sectors are not. As for the demand for oil, yes,
[00:00:25] it will gradually decrease, but we will still have enough
[00:00:28] reserves. We learned this lesson even more
[00:00:32] about the importance of diversifying the economy during the Covid
[00:00:35] experience. Now, the space sector is considered one of
[00:00:39] the keys to establishing a knowledge-based economy.
[00:00:43] Today we are working to transfer this knowledge and promote the creation
[00:00:47] of a new
[00:00:48] find a way to be self-sufficient from private sector. The beginning of this special mission coincided with
[00:00:53] very circular system because in reality what the great turbulence led by young people in Arab countries. This caused a lot of
[00:00:57] instability and loss of opportunities for young people. The
[00:01:00] region, what we wanted to achieve was to take advantage of their
[00:01:03] capabilities and focus them towards a type of
[00:01:06] positive change that impacts
[00:01:08] society.
[00:01:13] The first goal was to reach Mars before December 2,
[00:01:16] 2021, which is the 50th anniversary of the creation
[00:01:20] of the United Arab Emirates. And the reason behind
[00:01:22] this was to send a very powerful message to the youth of the Emirates and
[00:01:26] also to those of all Arab countries that if a young nation like... The
[00:01:30] United Arab Emirates can reach Mars in less than 50 years, much more can be achieved.
[00:01:47] on Mars, um, in
[00:01:54] We live in a very harsh environment. We have limited water resources,
[00:01:57] we have limited food resources. Therefore, the
[00:02:00] Emirates believes that one way to address these challenges is through science
[00:02:04] and technology.
[00:02:07] And that is why our country has sent a mission to Mars as a catalyst and a means to
[00:02:10] achieve much more ambitious goals. The
[00:02:13] purpose here is not to reach Mars, but to satisfy our national
[00:02:17] needs.
[00:02:21] Our leaders told us: you will not buy this
[00:02:23] spacecraft. You will design it, build it,
[00:02:27] test it. You can look for partners who can help you do
[00:02:31] it. They
[00:02:33] with complete absence of did.
[00:02:35] From the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Center in Dubai, the
[00:02:38] movements of the probe named Hope are controlled,
[00:02:42] which, like NASA's Perseverance, reached Mars' orbit in February,
[00:02:45] after traveling, for 7 months,
[00:02:49] 500 million kilometers from Japan, where
[00:02:53] it was launched. This is one of the most technologically
[00:02:56] advanced space mission control centers. and it is
[00:03:00] connected with counterpart centers in the United States. Its
[00:03:04] Hope mission has achieved an elliptical Mars orbit
[00:03:07] of between 20,000 and 43,000 km that
[00:03:10] takes 55 hours to
[00:03:12] increasing at a rate of complete. From this altitude, it will study the atmosphere and
[00:03:16] climate of the red planet for at least 2
[00:03:19] years.
[00:03:23] This is the command and control room, from which we control the spacecraft,
[00:03:27] give it commands and receive the telemetry and data
[00:03:30] it sends us, basically it is a room from which
[00:03:33] we have directed the spacecraft from the day it was launched until it reached Mars
[00:03:37] and we will continue to do so from
[00:03:40] here,
[00:03:43] this is the capture orbit, the one that has entered Mars orbit, from which
[00:03:47] we will transition in about two to four weeks
[00:03:50] more elliptical and a little wider
[00:03:54] to give us the necessary orbit for the scientific
[00:03:57] phase.
[00:04:01] One of the main reasons why scientists are interested in the Martian
[00:04:05] coordinated by the European Space atmosphere is because they believe that it is one of the reasons that
[00:04:07] contributed to Mars becoming a dead
[00:04:11] planet. Scientists believe that more than
[00:04:15] 4 billion years ago, Mars' characteristics could have been
[00:04:18] similar to those of Earth, but something bad happened that turned it into
[00:04:22] a dead planet. It began to lose its atmosphere, its
[00:04:26] characteristics and losing the atmosphere is one of the causes.
[00:04:31] We are studying the lower atmosphere of Mars, the one between
[00:04:34] 0 and 50 km from the planet's surface. And this is where
[00:04:38] we will see the atmospheric temperature, the surface temperature,
[00:04:42] frozen water, water vapor and even
[00:04:45] dust. We are studying how the climate specifically
[00:04:48] affects the loss of water, which is hydrogen and
[00:04:51] oxygen, as they escape from the Martian
[00:04:54] atmosphere.
[00:05:02] We cannot deny that any information we obtain about the
[00:05:05] planet Abaï will provide us with information about Earth
[00:05:09] itself, because if we understand why Mars
[00:05:12] went from having a thick atmosphere and being a habitable
[00:05:16] planet, the way it is at this moment, it can
[00:05:19] give us ideas about Earth and know if
[00:05:22] we are not going in the same direction.
[00:05:26] The United Arab Emirates has projected the construction of a Martian
[00:05:30] city in the desert to test the conditions of a possible
[00:05:33] future colonization of Mars. The terrain conditions are
[00:05:36] very similar, increasingly accentuated deserts
[00:05:40] and unbearable temperatures. Here, summer temperatures approach
[00:05:44] 60 degrees with humidity levels above
[00:05:47] 90%.
[00:05:49] A sterile and fruitless soil, with very little
[00:05:51] life.
[00:05:54] And this is not Dubai, but it looks like it. Riotinto in
[00:05:57] Huelva has a hostile soil like that of the Emirates, also similar to that of
[00:06:01] Mars. This makes it very interesting for researchers who have found
[00:06:05] bacterial
[00:06:05] life there.
[00:06:12] in many ways it is very similar and for
[00:06:16] us it is essential in our research because this way we can develop
[00:06:19] and test instrumentation that we can then test and take to
[00:06:22] Mars also to investigate how life can adapt to this hostile environment.
[00:06:37] Here in this river we have identified some areas of rock of
[00:06:40] geology that are the same. some areas of Mars, Mars is called
[00:06:44] the red planet, not because of the high temperature, but because of its red color,
[00:06:48] that red color comes from ferric, from iron, which is what we have here,
[00:06:51] if there is any possibility that there could be some sign of life, some
[00:06:55] type of microorganism, they would have to be like those we can study
[00:06:59] here, look at the precipitates of the
[00:07:03] jarosite, which is the mineral that identified by
[00:07:06] Opportunity on Mars, this jarosite that is produced
[00:07:10] only in a liquid medium, of course, which means that on Mars
[00:07:13] there was also water at some point 3.8 billion
[00:07:17] years ago, Mars and also it had to be eh like a
[00:07:21] red river.
[00:07:33] In the case of cyanobacteria we know that they were the microorganisms
[00:07:37] that changed the atmosphere of primitive Earth. Primitive Earth
[00:07:40] 3 million years ago had an environment
[00:07:45] oxygen, that oxygen came from the photosynthesis of
[00:07:48] microorganisms and it is practically proven that it was from
[00:07:51] cyanobacteria, a cyanobacterium in conditions of receiving
[00:07:55] sunlight and being able to perform its photosynthesis would produce that first
[00:07:59] oxygen, that first oxygen thus generated in a
[00:08:03] simulated Martian environment and so on, if there could be a
[00:08:06] development of that type of microorganisms there would be an oxygen production
[00:08:09] yes.
[00:08:17] With Perseverance, NASA, in the mission, intends
[00:08:21] to begin testing technology that will be necessary for human
[00:08:24] exploration, technology such as for example the
[00:08:27] instrument, the system that allows obtaining
[00:08:30] oxygen from the Martian atmosphere which is mostly
[00:08:34] carbon dioxide, in this
[00:08:37] way we will not have to carry the oxygen that astronauts
[00:08:40] need or even the fuel for...
[00:08:48] This would solve one of the challenges for facilitating life on Mars, but there are
[00:08:52] many more such as protecting oneself from radiation or producing food
[00:08:55] to be self-sufficient. This is where
[00:08:58] the research of Francesc Gòdia, director of the Melissa
[00:09:01] project, is heading, which aims to develop a life support
[00:09:04] system for long-duration human missions in
[00:09:07] space. From home, he accesses the experiments to
[00:09:10] guarantee animal and plant life. The experiments on Mars are being carried out at
[00:09:14] the laboratory that this project,
[00:09:17] Agency, has at the Autonomous University of
[00:09:20] Barcelona.
[00:09:24] To have this life support, Medissa attempts
[00:09:27] four basic functions: on the one hand, to regenerate
[00:09:31] the atmosphere so that we can breathe, to generate
[00:09:34] food to eat, to recycle
[00:09:37] water so that we can drink it again, these three functions
[00:09:41] furthermore. It must be able to do them without
[00:09:44] depending on us having to make contributions
[00:09:48] from Earth in this mission in
[00:09:51] space.
[00:09:55] What we do is that the light that the cyanobacteria
[00:09:58] receive, eh, to make oxygen, is eh
[00:10:02] proportional to the amount of oxygen
[00:10:05] that the rats need to breathe. Any
[00:10:08] mammal, eh, when it is, let's say, breathing, consumes oxygen. and
[00:10:12] produces CO2, sea, we simply have a small
[00:10:16] compressor that is circulating the gas,
[00:10:18] let's say, from the rat compartment,
[00:10:22] eh, to the microalgae compartment, both
[00:10:26] going and then returning, so
[00:10:30] it goes rich in CO2 or enriched with
[00:10:33] CO2 returns enriched with
[00:10:35] oxygen.
[00:10:38] basically what we do here is cultivate different types of
[00:10:42] model plants and this is our
[00:10:45] oxygen producer and
[00:10:48] food inside the entire inside the entire
[00:10:51] cycle. We cultivate the plants with hydroponic cultivation.
[00:10:55] That is, with water, providing all the
[00:10:58] nutrients, um, illuminating them obviously, and
[00:11:01] then through photosynthesis, these plants
[00:11:04] are producing oxygen and at the same time an
[00:11:08] edible material for our crew which are
[00:11:11] our rats. Melissa
[00:11:14] ends up proposing a
[00:11:18] it wants to do is this, eh, to recycle or reuse all
[00:11:22] these different eh components to maintain. the
[00:11:25] astronauts eh eh
[00:11:44] being built is a building in
[00:11:48] Paris in which the south face which is the one that is
[00:11:51] oriented to the sun is a green facade.
[00:11:55] eh, a facade in which the microalgae of
[00:11:58] Melissa are cultivated, this
[00:12:01] roof has plant
[00:12:04] plantations, in the basement there is all the
[00:12:07] recovery of urine and nitrification,
[00:12:10] that is, the entire building already
[00:12:14] incorporates these aspects that
[00:12:17] will eventually make it a neutral CO2
[00:12:20] building.
[00:12:28] It is about taking advantage of the research that is done to go and live in
[00:12:31] space for the benefit of Earth, to find a practical
[00:12:35] return for the lives of the citizens of this planet, such as the case of the
[00:12:39] Martian and sustainable domotic house that Astroland
[00:12:41] company has designed in Santander.
[00:12:55] and as a second step, to improve
[00:12:59] the lives of people on Earth, right? That it has a positive impact because all this
[00:13:02] technology and where we are right now is an example of technological
[00:13:05] transfer, so we believe it is an amazing
[00:13:09] two-way journey, it is healthy, it is a
[00:13:12] house that heals you, it monitors air quality,
[00:13:15] volatile organic compounds, CO2, radon, well,
[00:13:19] benzene and it corrects it, that is, we have positive pressure,
[00:13:23] this is a bubble of well-being.
[00:13:25] It monitors vital signs in such a way that it anticipates illness,
[00:13:29] it is totally shielded, eh, it is a big Faraday
[00:13:33] cage, no electromagnetic field enters,
[00:13:36] it is totally sustainable,
[00:13:38] we use materials that are 100% recyclable, with a
[00:13:42] very long life cycle, eh, there are no
[00:13:46] carcinogenic materials, eh, we generate
[00:13:49] our own energy, our own food,
[00:13:53] with hydroponic crops, Then it is also flexible, all the
[00:13:56] rooms depending on the activity you are going to do, if you are going to
[00:14:00] train, if you are going to work, if you are going to
[00:14:03] cook, the house changes completely, in 50 m,
[00:14:07] we solve the needs of
[00:14:10] those that are like 250, this also
[00:14:13] partly due to the reason of the post-covid
[00:14:16] world,
[00:14:21] these houses moved to Mars would have to be underground. The
[00:14:25] great Martian and cosmic radiation would make life outdoors impossible,
[00:14:28] in addition to sandstorms and the continuous fall of
[00:14:32] meteorites. This is how the Nua Sustainable City project,
[00:14:36] designed by a multidisciplinary Catalan team for the
[00:14:39] Mars Society, an American organization
[00:14:42] dedicated to promoting the exploration and colonization of
[00:14:45] Mars, collects it.
[00:15:06] Now it is quite clear that for material
[00:15:09] and energy economy it is much more worthwhile to develop most of the
[00:15:13] activity that you can do underground, underground also means
[00:15:17] in a rock in walls, so Mars now
[00:15:21] when we start thinking about cities are more like
[00:15:24] excavated. but it is true that for example it must be taken into account that
[00:15:28] not everything can be underground either, there must be certain spaces that yes,
[00:15:31] some domes there should be, um, how we formulated it with Nua, which is
[00:15:35] that it is on the south wall of a cliff.
[00:15:37] in such a way that practically the entire city has more or
[00:15:41] less access to natural light. When we get to
[00:15:45] Mars, Mars will probably become a port, a free port like those of all
[00:15:48] life where special ships will pass through Mars to
[00:15:51] refuel that will be processed there to be able to go for
[00:15:55] example a little further to an area called the asteroid belt to do
[00:15:59] mining, therefore there will be a whole economic cycle between different
[00:16:03] worlds, we can say the Moon, Mars,
[00:16:06] asteroids. Earth and then this will eventually make
[00:16:10] that moment yes all
[00:16:13] this investment this effort we are making now be
[00:16:16] profitable, when there are already settlements on Mars
[00:16:20] what is clear is that these astronauts will have to
[00:16:25] Earth, why? Because a trip to Mars will take at
[00:16:29] least, it will be missions of at least a year and a half, that is to say
[00:16:33] that the first crews that go to the red planet will have to
[00:16:37] learn to coexist with the few
[00:16:39] resources they may have from Earth, but
[00:16:42] above all with the resources that Mars itself offers
[00:16:45] them, people from all disciplines will be needed, people who have studied university
[00:16:49] degrees will be needed, but also people who come exclusively to
[00:16:53] work, there will be many mining tasks, many construction
[00:16:56] tasks, therefore it will be a society, I believe that it will not
[00:17:00] necessarily be elitist, especially because our idea will be
[00:17:04] that a person from Earth decides to make a life and
[00:17:08] say I'm going to Mars, simply with the investment of you have an
[00:17:11] apartment, then you sell this apartment and with this investment you have
[00:17:13] secured, not only the trip, but when you get there
[00:17:17] you will have the necessary resources to survive, when there are already around
[00:17:21] 100,000 people, let's say
[00:17:24] what we call a semi-autonomous stage where obviously since there are
[00:17:28] enough people, people there begin to need their own decision-making
[00:17:31] bodies, more or less when a million
[00:17:34] inhabitants eh, we have thought that this evolution. up
[00:17:37] to a million inhabitants would take about 50 years, then at the end of this
[00:17:40] stage we call it a stage that we call towards
[00:17:43] independence,
[00:17:45] the fact of that distance with Earth I think it will
[00:17:49] produce an effect precisely that the people who
[00:17:53] are on Mars begin to create their own
[00:17:56] culture, their own norms, rules, because they cannot
[00:18:00] depend on Earth in real time, no, and that will
[00:18:04] produce that in the end it creates like... that
[00:18:08] new subspecies or
[00:18:11] cultural derivation of humans on Mars that would be
[00:18:14] like Martians,
[00:18:31] while waiting for the arrival and stay on Mars to be possible one
[00:18:35] day, analogous missions make
[00:18:37] simulations of life on the red planet in numerous places on
[00:18:41] Earth that have terrain conditions similar to those of
[00:18:44] Mars, like this island in the United States. In this case, the
[00:18:48] mission was commanded by the Catalan astrophysicist Mariona
[00:18:51] Badenas.
[00:18:56] I was part of a crew that was
[00:18:59] named Latham 3. And well, during these two
[00:19:02] weeks that they spent in the Utah desert, what we did was
[00:19:06] during the day. it would be then to try to replicate as
[00:19:09] faithfully as possible what a stay on the red
[00:19:13] planet would be like, the habitat is this cylindrical block eh that has
[00:19:16] two floors and specifically the area where the
[00:19:20] crew lives is on the second floor where there
[00:19:23] are small rooms with enough space for a single bed and
[00:19:27] perhaps a small table and where there is a kitchen from
[00:19:30] where ehm the crew prepares the meals and
[00:19:33] shares the food, we had a water tank that
[00:19:37] had to last us for these two weeks that we were at the station
[00:19:40] this water tank had to be used for cooking to
[00:19:43] activate this dehydrated food to
[00:19:46] drink and finally
[00:19:50] to maintain the hygiene of the crew with a
[00:19:53] of this cylindrical block how the
[00:19:56] crew lived there is a scientific dome, a
[00:20:00] scientific laboratory from which experiments in
[00:20:03] biology, chemistry, geology can be done.
[00:20:08] and to go outside we had to wear a
[00:20:12] spacesuit with all the spatial
[00:20:14] clothing,
[00:20:17] I would love to be an astronaut, it is a dream
[00:20:21] that I have had since I was very little, for me it would be a dream
[00:20:24] to go to space, but I do try to be aware that it would be
[00:20:28] a difficult journey and to counter this
[00:20:32] perspective we also think that a journey
[00:20:35] to space in the end. leads a little this spatial
[00:20:38] exploration that humanity is doing and even
[00:20:42] to eventually transform humanity into a multiplanetary
[00:20:45] species that I believe is where we are
[00:20:48] heading.
[00:20:51] Mariona Badenas' dream of being an astronaut could now come
[00:20:54] true. Since
[00:20:57] promotions have been equal, although until now
[00:21:00] only about sixty women have ended up traveling to
[00:21:04] space, while the number of men exceeds
[00:21:06] 500. The road has been very hard, ignored,
[00:21:10] manipulated, humiliated from the no
[00:21:13] to female astronauts from Vice President Lyndon Johnson
[00:21:17] in 1962, to the regrettable questions
[00:21:20] from journalists to astronauts already in the 80s about
[00:21:24] sexist topics such as makeup and feminine
[00:21:27] hygiene in space. if in addition to being women they were
[00:21:31] black, the rejection was even greater, like the one suffered by
[00:21:34] the scientists known as the West Wing
[00:21:38] computers. They calculated, with pencils, rulers and
[00:21:41] simple calculators, the complicated equations that allowed
[00:21:45] astronauts to be sent to space to the moon with the Apollo
[00:21:49] missions of the last century, they earned less, they had to use
[00:21:52] bathrooms a kilometer away from the workplace and nobody
[00:21:56] knew they existed.
[00:21:59] On paper, the situation has now changed, especially in the West,
[00:22:03] but there are still places in the first world such as the United Arab Emirates, where
[00:22:06] women in the aerospace industry are discriminated against to the point
[00:22:10] that they need their husbands' permission to work.
[00:22:14] Despite this, in the Emirates, women scientists are an
[00:22:18] overwhelming majority in the...
[00:22:24] The scientific team of the United Arab Emirates is made up of
[00:22:28] 80% women. This number is a source of pride for
[00:22:31] us. We have reached this high
[00:22:34] percentage thanks to the capabilities of the women we currently have in
[00:22:38] the scientific industry.
[00:22:50] people, 50% of whom are women, the reason why
[00:22:54] they are there is not because they are women, but because they have earned it. When it
[00:22:57] comes to opportunities, to positions of responsibility, we do not look at
[00:23:01] gender, but at who is the most suitable person for each
[00:23:04] position. Of the total number of graduates who leave universities
[00:23:08] each year, 70% are women, which is unprecedented
[00:23:12] or very rare in the
[00:23:13] world.
[00:23:16] For us it is normal, it is not strange to see women dedicated.
[00:23:28] I never imagined that I could work in the space sector
[00:23:31] much less on a mission to Mars, it has been a dream come
[00:23:35] true, a dream that I never dared to
[00:23:38] dream and that has come
[00:23:39] true.
[00:23:44] The United Arab Emirates has always prioritized family
[00:23:48] as now. And there have been. many supportive policies and laws
[00:23:51] that allow families to spend time
[00:23:55] together and for women to get the support they need to
[00:23:59] care for their children, as for the
[00:24:02] space sector, specifically in our relationship, we will
[00:24:05] work as a team, and that is why men and women have the same type
[00:24:09] of challenges, because men also have families and must
[00:24:13] give them all the support, just like
[00:24:15] women.
[00:26:28] They also propose underground Martian life and scientists and professionals from all over the world come here to certify it.
[00:27:02] great stellar radiation eh, as a first step it
[00:27:06] greatly simplifies this landing on Mars
[00:27:09] and what we do here precisely is to use it as
[00:27:13] a great test bench, we are one of, I think
[00:27:17] it is the only proposal at international level that permanently
[00:27:20] has a station that we can improve and
[00:27:23] test all these technologies that
[00:27:26] we will need to live autonomously
[00:28:13] Forest fires, the rampant desertification of
[00:28:17] the Earth, dangerously bring the situation of our planet
[00:28:21] closer to the arid and tormented characteristics of Mars, which makes
[00:28:24] billions of years, say the scientists, could have had
[00:28:28] life.
[00:28:31] The unstoppable effect of climate change, the disappearance of
[00:28:34] biodiversity, make the earth and its
[00:28:37] inhabitants sick. Climate change
[00:28:41] is, uh, it's like a bullet, right? The problem is not
[00:28:45] the bullet itself, the problem is the speed at which the bullet travels. What kills you is not
[00:28:49] not, it's not the bullet, but the speed of the projectile. So climate
[00:28:52] change, what kills you about climate change is the speed at which it's happening. There have been many
[00:28:56] climate changes in the history of the earth, but the speed of the current
[00:29:00] change has not happened.
[00:29:02] Desertification at a global level is assumed to
[00:29:06] advance at 1%. It's advancing at 1%, right? There's
[00:29:10] 12% of land that's desert, and this area is
[00:29:15] 1% annually. Southern Europe sees increased desertification,
[00:29:18] especially degradation, forest degradation. This place where we are now is
[00:29:22] an example of a degraded environment. The
[00:29:26] fire we're in today, for example, is a fire that burned during
[00:29:29] the winter of 2017. It started...
[00:29:32] December 29th, and these fires mean, for example, it's much
[00:29:36] more difficult for the vegetation to regenerate afterwards because due to the life cycle
[00:29:39] of plants, it's easier for them to regenerate when fires are in the summer
[00:29:43] than when they are in
[00:29:44] winter.
[00:29:49] The phenomenon of climate change is related to the loss of biodiversity
[00:29:53] and also to the possibility of having more pandemics. In an increasingly
[00:29:56] smaller world, we are in contact with all parts of this world
[00:29:59] constantly. We are risking losing one
[00:30:03] million species. This means that the distance between
[00:30:06] ourselves as human beings and the natural environment has become
[00:30:10] too close. Tropical diseases that we did
[00:30:14] not know before will arrive in Europe. We must adapt to this. We must be stronger and more
[00:30:18] resilient.
[00:30:20] Frans Timmermans leads the European Union project to reduce greenhouse
[00:30:24] gas emissions by up to 55%
[00:30:27] by the year 2030. And he puts
[00:30:31] a billion euros on the table for countries to
[00:30:34] achieve this, of which 100 billion will be to transform the
[00:30:38] economies of the most polluting, like
[00:30:40] Poland, where its energy production depends 80%
[00:30:44] on coal. This mineral
[00:30:47] is the biggest emitter of CO2 into the atmosphere, the main
[00:30:51] greenhouse gas that causes the climate crisis, and still
[00:30:54] the main source of energy in the