TVCNEWS — broadcast
20260920 083000 UTC
339 transcript segments
Google Speech-to-Text API Automatic Transcription (Chirp)
Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive.
Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

[00:00:00] has taken place, tell us about this
[00:00:01] incident.
[00:00:05] TVC
[00:00:06] a news, first with breaking
[00:00:08] news.
[00:00:14] At TV News, wherever the big news
[00:00:17] of stories happening, we're get up to break it. TVs
[00:00:20] news, first with
[00:00:22] in breaking
[00:00:22] news.
[00:00:40] of in
[00:00:45] of of We are in Kamchatka, land of
[00:00:49] fire-breathing volcanoes. Volcanoes vividly capture the
[00:00:52] imagination, and they define our lives much more than you would
[00:00:56] expect. So what are they capable of and what makes?
[00:01:00] volcanoes stand
[00:01:01] out.
[00:01:27] of It's unlikely
[00:01:31] anyone
[00:01:32] of knows more about volcanoes here than Alexi Ozerov.
[00:01:36] He's the chief volcanologist in
[00:01:39] a Gumchatka.
[00:01:47] Alexie, thanks for coming up here with us. This is fascinating view, that
[00:01:51] is for sure. Um, so here in Kamchatka, there are about 300
[00:01:56] a volcanos, they say, 30
[00:01:57] of them are believed to be active. Why such a...
[00:02:32] of
[00:02:46] of
[00:02:58] a fluid melts the rocks, turning them into
[00:03:01] magma, and the magma reaches the surface
[00:03:04] in Kamchatka. The Pacific plate under Kamchatka is sinking 10
[00:03:07] centimeters every year. That's very fast. The greater the speed, the
[00:03:11] more magner is produced and ultimately
[00:03:14] in released, and so we have
[00:03:15] in more volcanoes that erupt more frequently. So, you
[00:03:18] mentioned that we are right here on the ocean, specifically the Pacific Ocean, the
[00:03:22] Kamchatka peninsula juts out into it. What is
[00:03:26] the Pacific ring of fire and what role does Kamchatka play in?
[00:03:32] That's a very good question, it's a very important question, the
[00:03:36] pacific ring of fire to humanity is the most expensive geological
[00:03:40] structure that exists
[00:03:41] on the planet, it's 80,000 km, it's
[00:03:45] of huge, it accounts for 80%
[00:03:47] of the active volcanoes on earth,
[00:03:49] a 80% of earthquakes on earth and 89% of tsunamis, it
[00:03:53] also impacts 35%
[00:03:55] of the people on our planet, more than
[00:03:59] a third,
[00:04:24] of
[00:04:30] of of things that we can understand and see what's going
[00:04:33] on inside the earth. first of all, the melted rock we're now
[00:04:36] of standing on. this solidified magma comes from literally thousands of
[00:04:40] kilometers
[00:04:41] of under the surface. that's where it's produced. so the first thing
[00:04:44] we can do is study this material, where it came from, how it got
[00:04:48] here, how it evolved, and what's inside it. that's one
[00:04:52] of the most important things for us. the next thing we can do is understand
[00:04:56] the root system of volcanoes that heat the overlying rock.
[00:05:00] The overlying rock is located
[00:05:01] of in the water here, so geothermal stream fields can
[00:05:05] form. These geothermal stream fields are source of green
[00:05:09] energy, which is becoming more popular with every year. of
[00:05:12] course more necessary, in fact we really should worry about the state of our
[00:05:16] planet. another very important factor that's also related to
[00:05:20] volcanoes is gas. gas is released by volcanoes
[00:05:24] into the atmosphere and help create the conditions that allow us to
[00:05:27] breathe and live. one the most distinguished scientists of his
[00:05:31] time who worked at the Institute of Volcanology and seismology in
[00:05:34] Kanchatka was Dr. Yavgininin who authored the theory that
[00:05:38] life on earth evolved thanks to volcanic activity. well they help
[00:05:42] form the general conditions on earth, that's clear, he believed
[00:05:46] that volcanoes made it possible for life evolve on
[00:05:49] earth, it required some very specific
[00:05:52] conditions, the combination the right temperature,
[00:05:55] gases, water, electric discharges and so
[00:05:59] on, at some point something close to life began evolve and
[00:06:03] later that process continued its
[00:06:06] own, now i've heard you mentioned a couple times
[00:06:09] during our conversation
[00:06:10] that there are different types of volcanos um and I've also heard you say
[00:06:14] that volcanos are like people, they're all
[00:06:17] different, can you tell the different volcanoes around here from
[00:06:21] their personalities? yes of
[00:06:23] course,
[00:06:27] volcanos even sleep in different
[00:06:29] way, and the way they
[00:06:32] erupt is also completely different. we
[00:06:36] can divide volcanoes into a few
[00:06:38] types.
[00:08:42] bombs everyone wondered how it was
[00:08:45] possible, then i was in Antarctica, then
[00:08:48] Japan, then here working on,
[00:08:51] then, huge number of
[00:08:54] volcanoes, they're all different, and I like each one
[00:08:58] them, I constantly return to, of
[00:09:01] course, I've written a book about it,
[00:09:04] and so to answer your questions seriously, I can say that my love for
[00:09:08] volcanoes is multi-faceted, I love all volcanos,
[00:09:11] but
[00:09:15] Perfect. All right, I know that we're in the middle of a bunch of volcanoes right now, but there's other
[00:09:19] places that we need to get to. Let's get to them. Of
[00:09:22] course.
[00:09:29] Volcanoes erupt in Kamchatka almost every day. The Shavel
[00:09:32] and Bizim Miyani volcanoes had explosive
[00:09:36] eruptions just recently, and engineer and vulcanologist Victor
[00:09:40] Frolov was caught right in the thick of it.
[00:09:48] Victor, thanks for bringing us out here to Shavelic, your area of
[00:09:52] special expertise, when most of us think of a volcanic
[00:09:56] eruption, we think of lava, but
[00:09:59] what's really happening behind the scenes, when a volcano erupts,
[00:10:03] what's the process like, what's what it was, what is actually
[00:10:06] happening, if I may refer
[00:10:09] to, the volcano that you can see right? here is an
[00:10:13] example, in movies you would expect to see this big tall
[00:10:16] mounting with red hot lava flowing down the side, but
[00:10:20] that's what you never
[00:10:21] see. hot
[00:10:25] rocks rolling down at night, glowing in the dark, but that's
[00:10:29] it, what you might see from eruption is cloud of volcanic gas and
[00:10:33] ash shooting up 20 kms and then falling over a large
[00:10:37] area, during the most recent eruption on April 11th
[00:10:41] this year, my team and I witnessed the arch spreading over area
[00:10:45] about 200 by 400 kms, that's an
[00:10:48] insanely huge area that covers a large part of central and
[00:10:52] northern Kamchatka, you were here? you saw it with your
[00:10:56] own eyes, i would even have to go as far as to say you
[00:10:59] experienced it, what was that
[00:11:02] like? a nutshell, it all started at 7
[00:11:05] am, in fact the eruption started at 1 a.m. but no
[00:11:09] one noticed while asleep
[00:11:11] and it was dark, hard to see anything. at 7 a.m. we got a
[00:11:15] call from our driver who said there's some sort of loud thunder
[00:11:19] out there, we walked out and saw snow falling, so we
[00:11:22] thought it was a storm. still dark, we used our
[00:11:26] flashlight and saw these beautiful large flakes falling
[00:11:30] down, but when we tried to catch them, we noticed it was gray
[00:11:34] ash, it was pitch dark, no light at all,
[00:11:38] and remained dark, and the ash kept falling for four
[00:11:41] hours, the first sunlight broke through the cloud around
[00:11:45] midday, until then it was so dark as if someone
[00:11:48] switched off the sun and stars, you couldn't see your own hand without
[00:11:52] the flashlight, located 45
[00:11:56] km south the volcano, we had layer of ash 8.5
[00:12:00] cm thick on the volcano slopes, the layer of ash
[00:12:04] was between 12 and 14 centimeters thick, about this
[00:12:07] much, and all this happened within the very short time, less than
[00:12:11] 24 hours, lots of ash and lots of
[00:12:14] thunder, as the ash cloud erupts, it can also trigger
[00:12:18] lightning, 50 km away, it sounded like
[00:12:22] a cargo train was running through the village.
[00:12:55] being rolled in water for a long time, volcanic ash has
[00:12:59] very sharp edges, it can really hurt if you inhale it or hurt
[00:13:03] your eyes, there are harmful to all kinds of aircraft because they
[00:13:06] disrupt the engines. back in April, we had few snow mobiles were
[00:13:10] using and three them brooked out after just two days,
[00:13:14] overall volcanic ash can do lot of harm, it's
[00:13:17] a pretty aggressive substance, first of all in terms of people's
[00:13:21] health, but also in terms of missionary the ashes. so
[00:13:25] heavy, a large amount of it can damage
[00:13:28] roofs, the plus, after the eruption, the ash helps new
[00:13:31] vegetation grow, now plants grow very
[00:13:35] well, even bigger and stronger than before the eruption,
[00:13:39] so a way the ashes are fertilizer for local soil, if
[00:13:43] you observe a volcano for many years in
[00:13:45] a row, you see that first, eruption destroys
[00:13:48] everything that grew on it, but f to 10 years later there
[00:13:52] will be much thicker and bigger forest growing. there
[00:13:55] again, so volcanoes both destroy and support
[00:13:59] life,
[00:14:16] alexie, we're a little bit crazy, we're standing on an actual lava
[00:14:19] flow, um, coming in was absolutely fascinating
[00:14:23] bause you could see some thermal vents still
[00:14:27] letting off their steam? um, guess i have to ask, we
[00:14:30] hear about volcanoes being dormant, this one or that
[00:14:34] one, what does it take for a volcano actually erupt
[00:14:38] and to become active again?
[00:14:41] volcanoes don't go anywhere, they can always wake up because there's always a
[00:14:45] thermal flow beneath them that generates new magma. as soon as
[00:14:49] a certain quantity of magma builds up, there's practically other way for
[00:14:53] it to go. it reaches.
[00:15:25] lot of interesting research in this field and new
[00:15:29] information that is coming forward.
[00:15:31] um, what makes the difference in terms
[00:15:35] of when we know and when we don't know?
[00:16:07] Earthquakes that preceed eruption are rarely felt, so it
[00:16:11] heavily depends on the type of volcano, its structure
[00:16:14] and how long it's been since eruption in the area. This is more of a
[00:16:18] question from my mom, are we safe? Is
[00:16:20] it possible for a volcano to erupt right now before our
[00:16:22] eye?
[00:16:30] You'll be
[00:16:30] fine.
[00:16:36] In terms of... the age of volcanos, how old is the volcano that we're
[00:16:40] standing on right now, the lava that
[00:16:44] you're now standing on dates back to 2012,
[00:16:47] 2013, it's young lava, these are all
[00:16:50] young volcanoes, we always put
[00:16:53] a particular focus on studying young volcanoes, that's my
[00:16:57] job, i love studying young volcanoes because this place
[00:17:01] is a work in progress, it's very important to have
[00:17:05] access
[00:17:05] to the process as it occurs,
[00:18:07] and then we reconstruct the history the volcano that already
[00:18:10] exists, and
[00:18:14] accordingly we can make predictions about future processes that may take
[00:18:18] place, and so studying the geology,
[00:18:21] the tephora chronology, the larva, petrology and
[00:18:24] geophysics, lot of complex research, that
[00:18:28] might show us how a volcano will function, ask you
[00:18:31] to look into the future, to be
[00:18:35] clariv, if you
[00:19:07] 20 30 years, that's not a long time in
[00:19:10] geology, one more step and just your intuition here, what about the
[00:19:14] next
[00:19:14] big eruption in the world? well, it will
[00:19:18] definitely happen, and we already have huge number of problems in the
[00:19:21] world, huge number of
[00:19:23] volcanos, in
[00:19:26] Kamchatka, in Iceland, in the Philippines, there are also
[00:19:30] underwater volcanos, I wouldn't try to guess
[00:19:33] now, it would be better
[00:19:35] to do this,
[00:20:10] "It is impossible not to mention our pilots here. This is one the
[00:20:14] most difficult places on earth to navigate, and is considered that
[00:20:18] some the most experienced pilots are here in Kamchatka. If genny
[00:20:21] Katatev was
[00:20:22] ours. We can't do the story
[00:20:26] without talking to the pilots, because we've seen some amazing flying
[00:20:30] with you guys here. So thank you for that. I guess I have to ask, what is it like
[00:20:34] flying in these conditions around volcanoes? Is it exciting, is?
[00:21:02] heat can actually change the aerodynamics of an aircraft and in this region
[00:21:06] there's lots of thermal zones where there's volcanic
[00:21:09] activity uh how does that affect your flying is is
[00:21:12] it dangerous? in 2013
[00:21:16] erupted
[00:21:18] over there we flew above the...
[00:21:29] also a situation in gorilly
[00:21:31] there was volcano, we went there with team of volcanologists, the crater the
[00:21:35] volcan was quite small, so the guys went down, they had
[00:21:39] a rescuer with them whose job is to make sure they can make it back
[00:21:43] up using ropes, but something went wrong and they got
[00:21:46] stuck, it was really dark and we had to think of a way to get them.
[00:21:50] so we flew the chopper down slowly into the crater and picked them up,
[00:21:54] it was something else, quite a story, thank you very
[00:21:58] much, it's been incredibly interesting flying with you and we appreciate the work that you
[00:22:02] do, appreciate
[00:22:03] it,
[00:22:07] it's not just the volcanoes that give Kamchatka this unworldly
[00:22:10] landscape, calderas and geizers are some of nature's unique
[00:22:14] creations here in Kamchatka, there is a whole valley
[00:22:17] them. This is where we will speak to Julia
[00:22:21] Francova, geologist and expert in these
[00:22:24] phenomena. Julia, this is kind
[00:22:27] of a landscape from different world. Thank you for bringing us out
[00:22:31] here. Um, before we get to this, I want to ask you about
[00:22:34] Calderas.
[00:22:36] We know that they're related to volcanic activity, but what exactly are
[00:22:39] they? A caldera is very large structure measuring
[00:22:43] many kilometers in diameter. It emerges as result of a
[00:22:46] massive eruption.
[00:22:57] depression or
[00:22:57] bowl
[00:23:02] like vast confined by
[00:23:05] faults. an example of that is the Uzen Geiser
[00:23:08] caldera where we are standing now. if you look over
[00:23:12] there, you will see the edge of ancient caldera that was formed
[00:23:16] tens of thousands of years ago. wow, now...
[00:23:20] so when we were flying over here uh we saw this beautiful lake
[00:23:24] maliac uh it was beautiful in terms of
[00:23:28] its color, it's been called green lake but now it's blue
[00:23:32] but uh it's not really water down there is it it's something else
[00:23:36] perhaps we wouldn't want to go swimming there would
[00:23:38] we? the mali simyatic
[00:23:42] volcano and the lake at the bottom of its crater are two absolutely
[00:23:45] unique phenomena, they are unique because the water in the lake is
[00:23:49] ext.
[00:24:03] that the
[00:24:04] The went lake volcanologists to explore a rubber boat barely made it back to the
[00:24:07] shore as the aluminum ores that they were using to row had nearly
[00:24:11] dissolved, so the lake is absolutely unique to
[00:24:15] hear. Similar ones can be found in Japan,
[00:24:19] Indonesia and
[00:24:29] used to have lake like this before, but that one disappeared after
[00:24:33] eruption in 2010, so we are left with just this
[00:24:36] one. in fact, the volcano is getting more active
[00:24:40] now, the water level in the lake is rising, and
[00:24:44] something dangerous may happen soon, the crater wall may
[00:24:47] collapse, letting all of this strong aggressive acidic
[00:24:51] water flood the surrounding area, it's a good thing, nobody
[00:24:55] lives around here. let's talk about geizers. um, we know
[00:24:59] that they're very rare, and we know that they are connected to volcanic
[00:25:03] activity. what are they? geizers are very rare
[00:25:06] phenomenon. there are hundreds and thousands of thermal springs in the
[00:25:10] world and very few guys. almost every one them has
[00:25:14] a name and its own temper. how does it work?
[00:25:18] this area the valley.
[00:25:27] sub-surface rocks have cracks in them and water filters down through
[00:25:31] those cracks to the body of magma close to the surface.
[00:25:35] there the water is heated up to 300 degrees, gets
[00:25:38] saturated with gases
[00:25:40] and then this hydrothermal flow starts rising towards the
[00:25:43] surface. what about the difference between hot springs
[00:25:47] and geizers? I know that you wouldn't want to go
[00:25:51] swimming in one these, briefly tell me the difference between
[00:25:53] those, a spring is boiling and
[00:25:57] bubbling all the time, sometimes they call it a
[00:26:00] pulsating spring. essentially it's always active,
[00:26:04] whereas the geeser shoots water periodically and it can go silent
[00:26:08] for hours, sometimes days depending on the
[00:26:11] geiser, so that's the key difference, the two have
[00:26:15] distinct hydrodynamic
[00:26:16] behaviors, the
[00:26:20] water itself is just wonderful, and if i could i'd go swimming
[00:26:24] a guiser after this trip, i would, it's sodium chloride
[00:26:28] water with a low mineralization, neutral.
[00:26:32] composition and contains some nice elements like cylicylic
[00:26:36] acid and boron. all of that is really good for your
[00:26:39] health. i'd go take bath like that any time the
[00:26:43] day, but there is just one small problem:
[00:26:46] geothermal springs can be cold, warm, hot and
[00:26:50] boiling. and ageizer is a type of boiling spring
[00:26:54] which says it all. humans are imperfect creatures.
[00:26:58] we cannot bathe in water that's heated up to 90 to 100°
[00:27:02] celsius.
[00:27:19] They like both the near boiling water and the extreme ph
[00:27:22] conditions, they also like mercury, antimony and other
[00:27:26] elements, those are the kinds of amazing creatures we've got
[00:27:29] here, and one more thing, these therer'. are the reason the
[00:27:33] geiserite is painted in such vibrant and saturated
[00:27:37] colors. By itself, the Geiserite is gray and
[00:27:40] unimpressive, but thanks to thermophilic organisms, we
[00:27:44] have all this stained glass like artwork to
[00:27:47] enjoy. Thank you for taking the time to speak with us, it's been
[00:27:51] incredibly interesting and uh, I can't wait to learn
[00:27:54] more.
[00:30:18] a news, wherever the big news stories happening,
[00:30:21] we're
[00:30:22] get up to break it. tvis news, first with breaking
[00:30:26] news.