ZVEZDA — broadcast
20260806 183000 UTC
346 transcript segments
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[00:02:35] In Poland, the history of World War II has been rewritten for a long time and
[00:02:39] with broad strokes. On August
[00:02:41] 20, 2025, an exhibition opened in Gdansk,
[00:02:45] dedicated to Poles who served in the Wehrmacht.
[00:02:48] There were almost 450 thousand of them,
[00:02:51] much more than those who fought against Hitler in the
[00:02:54] Home Army. The motto of the exhibition: our boys
[00:02:58] were forced to go to...
[00:03:32] Poles were there, they defeated Rommel. Rommel had an army, a corps, well, approximately
[00:03:36] 30,000 people. Let's compare this with the multi-million battles at
[00:03:40] the Kursk Bulge near Stalingrad, where
[00:03:43] we ground up all the power of the Wehrmacht. It would seem that
[00:03:46] the forties of the last century were not
[00:03:49] the Middle Ages. Every step is documented, millions of
[00:03:53] reports, memoirs, photo and video evidence. But
[00:03:56] World War II became a battlefield.
[00:04:00] Its end, too many people wanted
[00:04:03] to rewrite history in their own way, so even access to
[00:04:07] archives is a special privilege, a kind of ticket to the club
[00:04:11] of winners. After the end
[00:04:14] of the war, in German Saxony, in potash and
[00:04:18] salt mines, as well as in Berlin itself, Soviet troops
[00:04:22] discovered Nazi archives, they
[00:04:25] were studied, systematized,
[00:04:28] starting from 1952,
[00:04:32] they began to be transferred to the German Democratic
[00:04:34] Republic, transported by special
[00:04:37] trains, in batches of 140,000 files,
[00:04:41] 3 years later the entire archive was completely transferred to the East
[00:04:45] Germans. A completely different fate befell
[00:04:49] the archives that fell into the hands of the Americans and
[00:04:51] the British. These were materials of
[00:04:55] the Nazi Party of Germany, the Ministry of
[00:04:58] Foreign Affairs of the Wehrmacht. SS. All of them
[00:05:01] ended up in the USA. And are still classified as secret in the
[00:05:05] Pentagon's archives. Access to
[00:05:09] these documents for civilian historians.
[00:08:12] battle is the Great Patriotic War, which those
[00:08:15] recognized by some Western
[00:08:19] historians. The memorial plaque in Vienna, on
[00:08:23] the house where the Soviet military commandant's office was located, is accompanied
[00:08:26] by a quote from the Aeneid about tears of sympathy. In
[00:08:30] Austria, there is a widespread opinion that the Soviet army was
[00:08:33] even worse than the German Anschluss. However, local
[00:08:37] researchers try not to remember that Adolf Hitler
[00:08:40] was born and, one might say, formed in the Austrian
[00:08:44] town of Braunau am Inn, and moved to Germany
[00:08:47] only at 24 years old.
[00:08:50] On March 12, 1938,
[00:08:53] Austria became part of Greater Germany under
[00:08:56] the leadership of the Führer.
[00:08:58] 99.8% of
[00:09:00] the country's residents supported reunification.
[00:09:04] The country's name - Österreich or Eastern
[00:09:07] Reich - was changed to Ostmark (Eastern
[00:09:10] March).
[00:09:26] such a scale that directives came from Berlin to Vienna with demands to curb the fervor. Austrians
[00:09:29] constituted
[00:09:33] 14% of the SS personnel, almost half
[00:09:36] of the workers in the death camps, although their share in the population of the Third
[00:09:40] Reich did not exceed eight.
[00:09:43] By the end of the war, the NSDAP, Hitler's Nazi Party,
[00:09:46] included, according to various estimates, from
[00:09:49] 540 to 700 thousand
[00:09:52] Austrian citizens, almost one in five
[00:09:55] Austrians. To this day, it is important for them to feel that they
[00:09:59] were victims, yes, and
[00:10:01] to emphasize their non-involvement or
[00:10:05] slight involvement in these fascist regimes or Nazi
[00:10:08] regimes of European countries,
[00:10:11] to emphasize that...
[00:10:25] their criticism of the Soviet Union, the policies of the Soviet
[00:10:29] Union on the eve of World War II during the Great Patriotic War. After the war,
[00:10:32] Austria was considered the first
[00:10:36] victim of Nazism for many years. This view
[00:10:40] was also supported by the anti-Hitler
[00:10:43] coalition. In one of Vienna's squares stands a monument
[00:10:46] to Soviet soldiers who liberated Austria from
[00:10:49] fascism. Denazification in the country was carried out
[00:10:52] in an extremely lenient manner due to. it ended already by
[00:10:56] 1948, former SS functionaries
[00:10:59] calmly worked in the government, school history
[00:11:02] textbooks depicted an image of a foreign military
[00:11:05] invasion, silent about specific figures of war
[00:11:09] crimes. All blame for the Holocaust was shifted to
[00:11:12] Germany, while Wehrmacht veterans were revered by
[00:11:15] Austrians as heroes. The victim doctrine suited
[00:11:19] all political players, helping to form a national
[00:11:23] identity. It preached the fundamental difference
[00:11:26] between Austrians and
[00:11:27] Germans.
[00:11:35] Who is interested in rewriting information about the Second World War?
[00:11:39] We liberated Europe from fascism. By the way,
[00:11:43] then Zhukov uttered such words that became
[00:11:46] a common phrase: Europe will never forgive us for liberating
[00:11:49] it. Why does the West try to erase our country
[00:11:53] from the list of victors?
[00:12:04] Poland traditionally is at the forefront of
[00:12:08] the European company of Russophobia. Already in
[00:12:11] September 2009,
[00:12:14] the Polish Sejm adopted a resolution, according
[00:12:17] to which during the Second World War, Poland was
[00:12:21] occupied by the Red Army,
[00:12:24] in general, for the first time in... The Soviet Union was called
[00:12:27] an aggressor, which, along with Germany, bears all
[00:12:31] responsibility for what happened during the Second
[00:12:34] World War. And it turns out that the Red Army did not
[00:12:37] liberate Poland, but occupied
[00:12:39] it.
[00:12:42] Well, what was it really like? The Soviet
[00:12:45] Union began to provide assistance to Poland for its
[00:12:49] reconstruction, even before the end of the war
[00:12:53] and complete liberation of the country from the Nazis,
[00:12:56] this process then continued for decades. In
[00:13:00] monetary terms, the total amount of Soviet
[00:13:03] aid provided from 1944
[00:13:07] to 1960 amounted to
[00:13:10] more than 600 billion
[00:13:13] dollars. For comparison, the United States, within
[00:13:17] the framework of the Marshall Plan,
[00:13:20] provided France with aid amounting to
[00:13:23] 2.5 billion dollars,
[00:13:27] in addition to aid, as it is called, in kind, this is
[00:13:31] the supply of food products,
[00:13:33] grain, oil,
[00:13:36] agricultural equipment,
[00:13:38] the restoration of destroyed roads and bridges by the forces
[00:13:42] of the engineering troops of the Soviet Army,
[00:13:44] the restoration of the historical part
[00:13:48] of Warsaw, completely destroyed by
[00:13:50] the Nazis, Poland was provided with Soviet
[00:13:54] loans at a ridiculous 2%
[00:13:57] per annum. And, by the way, the lion's
[00:14:00] share of Poland's debts during Soviet times was
[00:14:04] forgiven. In 1971,
[00:14:08] Leonid Brezhnev, in a private conversation, uttered these
[00:14:11] words: "We are a party, not traders."
[00:14:15] But it seems that
[00:14:17] the Poles grumbled with us over every penny, like
[00:14:20] shopkeepers. We, as the elder brother, did not want
[00:14:24] to offend the younger one, so
[00:14:26] we endured.
[00:14:29] In the Baltics, it was announced that the USSR occupied it from
[00:14:32] 1940 to 1991.
[00:14:36] In November 2015, three
[00:14:39] former Soviet republics even created a special
[00:14:42] charter, which implies the collection of damages for this
[00:14:46] very mythical occupation. And on the official
[00:14:49] NATO account, there is this laudatory video about
[00:14:52] the Forest Brothers in Latvia. Meanwhile, all documents indicate
[00:14:56] that these were gatherings of bandit murderers. Generally,
[00:15:00] in Western Europe, their scientific works and
[00:15:04] publications regarding World War II are largely
[00:15:08] taboo. You understand? I
[00:15:11] tried, as a historian,
[00:15:14] to publish articles in a military history journal dedicated to the history of the Second
[00:15:17] World War, the Great Patriotic War, I simply
[00:15:21] found unique materials, and I was given to understand that...
[00:15:25] This does not interest them. According to the NKVD, by the beginning of
[00:15:28] 1946, 64 bandit
[00:15:32] formations with a strength of
[00:15:35] 753 people were operating
[00:15:38] in the territory of the Latvian SSR, and
[00:15:41] 55 formations with a strength
[00:15:44] of 428 people in the territory of the Estonian SSR.
[00:15:46] From 1944 to 1956,
[00:15:50] according to these data, 25,108 civilians were
[00:15:54] killed by the Forest Brothers, of whom
[00:15:57] 993 people were children under
[00:16:00] 16 years old. Among those killed, according to various estimates, were
[00:16:04] 21 to 23,000
[00:16:07] Lithuanians. Maybe this is all Soviet slander, but in
[00:16:11] 2011, a book of remembrance for victims
[00:16:14] of partisan terror was presented in Lithuania, which
[00:16:18] collected the names and surnames of more than 25,000
[00:16:21] people killed by the Forest Brothers. We are talking about civilians,
[00:16:25] among the victims about a thousand children under
[00:16:28] 16 years old and 50
[00:16:30] infants. In Latvia,
[00:16:34] these same Forest Brothers formations included
[00:16:38] former members of the Latvian SS division,
[00:16:41] that very unit
[00:16:44] that distinguished itself with particular zeal in carrying out
[00:16:48] punitive operations in the territory of Latvia itself,
[00:16:51] Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and
[00:16:53] Poland, and even the Germans themselves were sometimes
[00:16:57] astonished by the cruelty of these
[00:16:59] inhumans. In addition, among the Forest
[00:17:03] Brothers were Latvian nationalists who, after
[00:17:06] the arrival of the Nazis in 1941,
[00:17:10] organized mass Jewish
[00:17:12] pogroms in Latvia. The extermination of Jews in
[00:17:16] the Baltics was widespread, and often
[00:17:18] with the active participation of the local population. For example,
[00:17:22] Estonia already in the autumn of 1941
[00:17:25] declared its country Judenfrei,
[00:17:29] free of Jews. And, by the way, this was
[00:17:33] the only one of all the territories occupied by the Third Reich
[00:17:37] where the Jewish question was resolved
[00:17:40] definitively, well, it must be said, a dubious
[00:17:44] achievement.
[00:17:46] Immediately after the war, the French Institute of Public Opinion
[00:17:50] Ifop conducted a study, asking a single
[00:17:53] question: which country, in your opinion, made the greatest
[00:17:57] contribution to the defeat of Germany in 1945?
[00:18:01] Great Britain, the United States or
[00:18:04] the USSR? Then almost 60%
[00:18:07] answered that it was the Soviet Union. 20%
[00:18:11] voted for the United States, and 12% for
[00:18:15] Great Britain. 70 years later, the institute repeated
[00:18:19] the same survey. Only now 54%
[00:18:23] of French people already believed that it was the USA that played the main
[00:18:26] role in the defeat of Germany. In
[00:18:29] 1986, in France, with significant
[00:18:33] funding from the USA, a gigantic
[00:18:36] memorial was created.
[00:19:37] to push back the threats of Europe, here
[00:19:41] are several exclamation and question marks,
[00:19:45] emanating from Soviet Russia to the Urals.
[00:19:48] Familiar? It's the same now. The author of this
[00:19:52] program is Charles de Gaulle. And the next day, or in 2
[00:19:55] days, I don't remember now, at a press conference,
[00:19:59] the French Foreign Minister, Couve de Murville,
[00:20:02] explained to journalists, a significant
[00:20:05] expansion.
[00:20:16] that 10 times more Frenchmen voluntarily served in the Wehrmacht
[00:20:19] than in the Resistance. General De
[00:20:23] Gaulle himself began rewriting history, personally
[00:20:26] pardoning thousands of collaborators. How did
[00:20:29] France become
[00:20:31] a victor?
[00:20:34] But the French should thank Stalin, who
[00:20:38] did a lot to bring
[00:20:41] France to such a state. Stalin
[00:20:44] had good relations with Roosevelt, he managed
[00:20:47] to convince the Americans. Or rather
[00:20:50] the American president, so Churchill didn't really
[00:20:54] want this at all, and the Americans
[00:20:58] grudgingly agreed. We dragged
[00:21:01] de Gaulle and France into the ranks
[00:21:05] of the victors, with our efforts.
[00:21:07] The West was forced to agree to this.
[00:21:11] They still don't like to remember this in France.
[00:21:14] On July 15, 2025,
[00:21:17] the Prime Minister of the country, François Bayrou, proposed removing
[00:21:21] Victory Day from the list of national holidays. In
[00:21:24] Europe, the holiday is celebrated on May 8. The reason
[00:21:28] is a hole in the country's budget, which needs to be urgently
[00:21:31] patched up. And for this, it is necessary to reduce the list
[00:21:34] of official events that have to be
[00:21:37] financed. But in France, they celebrate November
[00:21:41] 11th very lavishly and pompously. November 11,
[00:21:44] 1918 is the day of France's victory in
[00:21:47] World War I. And here.
[00:21:58] On January 17, 2024,
[00:22:01] the European Parliament adopted another resolution that
[00:22:05] calls for rewriting history under the guise
[00:22:07] of the need to create a new common culture
[00:22:10] of memory. It is recommended to update educational programs and
[00:22:14] teaching methods so that as little as possible is said about
[00:22:17] European confrontation.
[00:22:20] The Asian part of World War II in American history lessons
[00:22:23] is predictably given much more time than
[00:22:26] the European one, because the USA mainly fought on these
[00:22:30] fronts. Almost 80% of Americans
[00:22:33] are confident that their armed forces played a decisive
[00:22:37] role in breaking the Nazi backbone. In
[00:22:41] American, as well as Western, history textbooks, in principle,
[00:22:44] it is quite rare to find a detailed description of battles
[00:22:48] in which
[00:27:47] female tank driver with the honorable title of
[00:27:49] Hero of the Soviet Union, Maria Oktyabrskaya.
[00:27:53] The profession of a mechanic, driver, tank driver as such, is not
[00:27:57] a woman's job. How, despite her age and health problems,
[00:28:00] Maria still. hundreds
[00:28:42] of thousands of people died instantly, and as many more
[00:28:45] over the years from radioactive contamination. In
[00:28:49] Japan, this tragedy is remembered and a ceremony
[00:28:53] in memory of the victims of the bombings is held annually.
[00:28:56] Prime ministers speak, saying sincere and correct
[00:29:00] words, but none of them ever
[00:29:03] mentioned who was responsible for the nuclear
[00:29:07] strikes. This year, at the ceremony in
[00:29:10] Japan, dedicated to the eightieth
[00:29:13] anniversary of the atomic bombings, the UN Secretary-General,
[00:29:16] Antonio Guterres, also spoke, but
[00:29:20] he also said not a word about the
[00:29:23] perpetrators, about the United States of America.
[00:29:27] It turns out there are political memory
[00:29:30] gaps.
[00:30:32] about the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, there was
[00:30:36] a public opinion poll, and they
[00:30:39] somehow believe that the atomic
[00:30:42] bomb was dropped by the Soviet Union,
[00:30:46] although the Soviet Union at that time did not have an atomic
[00:30:49] bomb, it appeared in forty-seventh, I think,
[00:30:53] only then, and
[00:30:55] there were even up to 70 percent, I think,
[00:30:59] of the population.