ZVEZDA — broadcast 20261011 070000 UTC 442 transcript segments Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive. Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record. [00:00:00] this is a flight without sharp uh any evolutions of the plane, [00:00:04] in length it was there no more than 20 minutes, a flight [00:00:07] essentially in circles, well this is a classic classic program for [00:00:11] the first flight, carefully, without releasing the landing gear, calmly [00:00:14] make [00:00:16] two or three circles and calmly land. Six months before the start of [00:00:19] the SVO, we managed to meet the very pilot who [00:00:23] first lifted into the sky the most advanced version [00:00:26] of the turboprop strategic missile carrier, strongly. service [00:01:11] maintenance, here is the development of all [00:01:15] new systems, all new aircraft. As [00:01:18] part of automation, first of all, what have we achieved? [00:01:22] So, the ability of the aircraft to autonomously perform flight [00:01:26] stages without pilot intervention along a programmed [00:01:29] route. That is, formally, we entered the coordinates [00:01:32] and both pilots can go for a walk, well, it's clear [00:01:36] that things aren't done that way, but in principle, naturally, [00:01:39] programming plays the main role in this matter, [00:01:42] possibly [00:01:45] performing the flight autonomously without pilot interference. Autopilot nowadays [00:01:49] won't surprise anyone, but for long-range [00:01:52] aviation pilots, this is one of the most necessary [00:01:55] functions. The strategic missile carrier is designed for [00:01:58] long flights. Suffice it to say that the record for this machine [00:02:02] was set in July 2010, when [00:02:06] long-range aviation pilots spent in the sky, attention, [00:02:09] 42 hours, 17 minutes, [00:02:12] flying 2800 km with four [00:02:16] in-flight refuelings. Such a test is extremely [00:02:19] difficult to pass without an autopilot. Before performing the flight, [00:02:22] the navigator draws up the assigned routes and enters them into [00:02:26] the program. And then the aircraft can formally execute all this [00:02:30] completely automatically after modernization, that's right, in general, the Bears have many [00:02:33] records, but perhaps the most [00:02:36] famous, which the whole world learned about, dates back to [00:02:39] 1961. In [00:02:43] accordance with the test program for new samples of hydrogen [00:02:47] charges, on October 30, [00:02:50] 1961, an explosion of a pure [00:02:53] hydrogen bomb with a trinitrotoluene equivalent of 50 [00:02:57] million was carried out. This refers to [00:03:00] the testing in the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago region of the most powerful [00:03:04] bomb in human history, which was nicknamed the Tsar [00:03:08] bomb. The carrier aircraft with the particularly powerful [00:03:11] hydrogen bomb attached to it, gains altitude. Having entered service in [00:03:14] 1956, the Tu-95 is not just still [00:03:18] in service. In the new version MSM, it is just beginning [00:03:22] its life. Here it is necessary to explain that inside the deeply modernized cockpit [00:03:25] of the Bear, we are not allowed to film, so for now [00:03:29] we will board a regular Tu-95 with the MS [00:03:33] designation. Here we see familiar round instruments with [00:03:36] needles, which are also called alarm clocks. This will be [00:03:39] a completely new cockpit for each crew member. There will be multi-functional [00:03:43] displays on which almost any flight parameter of the aircraft [00:03:46] can be displayed. Or to find out data on the operation of its system. In order [00:03:50] to at least somewhat imagine what the new cockpit of the strategists will look like, [00:03:54] we go to the enterprise where it was created. In this [00:03:57] room, we must imagine ourselves on board the Tu. [00:04:17] The cockpit, what does [00:04:20] the crew get when using the glass cockpit? The crew first of all [00:04:23] gets a clear visual [00:04:27] picture understands... [00:04:30] what controls to use for this or [00:04:33] that mode, and also it can [00:04:37] make the right decision in case of malfunction [00:04:40] of one of the systems and [00:04:43] accordingly using another [00:04:46] system, accordingly the crew [00:04:49] can quite quickly perform [00:04:53] actions on flight control as a whole. For [00:04:57] comparison, the old cockpit is on the left, the new one [00:05:00] on the right. Instead of alarm clocks, there are liquid crystal multi-functional [00:05:03] indicators, but not simple ones, they can operate in [00:05:07] conditions of the harshest electronic warfare. This is the ideology of the Strategist. [00:05:10] This aircraft has no right to get lost [00:05:14] under any circumstances, that [00:05:16] is, firstly, secondly, if it received a command to shoot, it [00:05:20] cannot fail to shoot. Finally, thirdly, let's imagine what [00:05:24] will happen if, for example, a sniper, a tank driver, [00:05:27] an artilleryman, or a fighter pilot misses. This is, of course, [00:05:30] unpleasant, but survivable. What will happen if [00:05:33] a nuclear weapon carrier misses? We don't even want [00:05:37] to think about it. This aircraft is designed so that the combat [00:05:41] mission execution... must be guaranteed. That's why [00:05:45] a large redundancy system is provided, [00:05:49] redundant instruments [00:05:51] are provided. Are these old analog instruments? [00:05:55] No, there are old analog instruments, but in a new [00:05:58] design. There are instruments that [00:06:02] are already in a new design, they [00:06:04] are also, so to speak, on a new elemental [00:06:08] base, crystalline, but they are backup [00:06:11] instruments. Today, long-range aviation includes three types [00:06:15] of bomber missile carriers, all of them Tupolev, [00:06:18] this is the Tu-22 M3, the scourge of NATO aircraft carriers, [00:06:22] the Tu-160 White Swan, a supersonic nuclear [00:06:25] strategist with a variable-sweep wing. By the way, the [00:06:28] Tu-160 is now also produced with the letter M, [00:06:31] modernized, but the workhorse of the air [00:06:35] component of the nuclear shield is the Tu-95, [00:06:38] an aircraft that, to be frank, is simpler than the Swan, [00:06:41] not as fast, not as advanced, but the most numerous, the most [00:06:45] economical and therefore very important for the country. [00:06:49] The 195MS is one of the main [00:06:52] units, one of those [00:06:56] components that ensures [00:06:59] the fulfillment of tasks and [00:07:02] strategic deterrence, and [00:07:05] uh, it can be said that it is one of the [00:07:08] main aircraft, which is designed for [00:07:11] performing tasks of strategic nuclear deterrence. This [00:07:14] interview is aired for the first time, although we recorded it in [00:07:18] 2021. Currently, Sergey Kobylash [00:07:21] is already a Colonel General, Commander of the Russian Air Force, [00:07:25] but he came to this position from the post of Commander of Long-Range [00:07:28] Aviation, that is, he knows everything about the Tu-95 [00:07:32] MS, and about MSM. As for [00:07:35] the weapons used by both aircraft, they are absolutely [00:07:39] identical, therefore the effectiveness of both [00:07:43] aircraft today after during their [00:07:46] modernization is very high. Preparing the Bear for flight is [00:07:50] an entire science. Service vehicles approach the aircraft, [00:07:53] fueling it with fuel, oil, air, [00:07:57] nitrogen, oxygen, providing electricity. Where are these strategists [00:08:00] based? Throughout the country, in central [00:08:03] Russia, in the north, and in the Far East. Long-range [00:08:07] aviation has many airbases. Here's an important point: all these [00:08:11] airbases are equipped so that they can prepare for [00:08:14] takeoff all long-range aviation aircraft simultaneously. [00:08:17] Moreover, all of them can be refueled in [00:08:21] the air. For those who don't know, air tankers are also [00:08:25] part of long-range aviation, again the [00:08:28] same Air Force structure that is responsible for the air [00:08:31] component of the nuclear shield. We cannot fall behind, and we, as you [00:08:35] know, usually go two steps, or maybe even three [00:08:39] steps ahead of our adversary, therefore... the external [00:08:43] appearance of the aircraft says nothing, inside now [00:08:46] there is modernized new equipment that allows [00:08:50] the use of the entire range of weapons that are intended for use on [00:08:54] this type. Strategic missile carriers are a special class [00:08:57] of aviation equipment. Only two countries have such machines, [00:09:01] Russia and the USA. These are complex systems, [00:09:04] created for many decades. That is why [00:09:08] American B-52s, like our [00:09:10] Tu-95s, fly. [00:09:42] to extend the term of their operation and the possibility of their intended [00:09:45] use. [00:09:48] The modernization of the ninety-fives consists of several [00:09:52] stages. The goal of the first is to keep the missile carriers in working condition. [00:09:55] Yes, even at the time of filming, all [00:09:59] Tu-95 MS aircraft had passed this first stage and are now [00:10:03] at the second. We ask what [00:10:06] the Aerospace Forces will gain from such a phased [00:10:09] modernization. At the second stage, we added. [00:10:26] and, so to speak, improved the operational characteristics of the aircraft [00:10:29] to a greater extent due to the replacement of the most important [00:10:33] thing, which is the inertial system. We removed the old one and installed a new one. [00:10:37] This is that small part of MSM that we already installed at the second stage. [00:10:41] Let me remind you, the most modern [00:10:44] DU95 comes with the MSM mark, which is the third [00:10:48] stage of modernization, but as you have already heard, already at the second stage we [00:10:52] are adding to the aircraft the properties of the third. So what is [00:10:55] a special system? It is a group of gyroscopes and [00:10:57] accelerometers that helps to calculate what path [00:11:01] and on what course the aircraft has traveled from the starting point. To put it [00:11:05] simply, it is a mixture of a pedometer and [00:11:08] a compass. We see the technological placement of [00:11:11] equipment at the workplace of the crew commander, [00:11:14] the assistant crew commander, [00:11:17] the navigator-operator, and the navigator, [00:11:20] four main crew members who essentially perform all [00:11:24] the work. On this aircraft, the main thing is to watch the new [00:11:27] episode of "I'm looking for my own!" Spring 25, [00:11:31] the village of Tikhoe, Kharkiv region, two [00:11:34] heavily wounded assault troopers had to hide for 20 days [00:11:37] under a damaged BMP waiting for fog to [00:11:40] reach their own. There were no other places to hide there, it was [00:11:44] an open field, no food, no water, there wasn't any. Where we [00:11:47] were lying, it was a drone route, you couldn't stick your head out, they realized we were there. I [00:11:51] said, I'm going to blow it up now, so that he stays alive, he has nothing. [00:11:55] evacuation came, guys, Chinese, a small one, [00:11:59] he pulled him out, what a good fellow, let's look for them, yes, [00:12:02] looking for my own, today at [00:12:05] 11:10. [00:12:13] This is the Orange Card, with it you go to the store, [00:12:17] pay for your purchases, get 7%, [00:12:21] and also cashback inside, three whole categories, like [00:12:24] you in... pay everywhere, get 7%, another [00:12:28] store card, this is a bank card, plus [00:12:32] 17% annual, for such calculating people, [00:12:35] pick up the Orange Card at the Pyaterochka or Perekrestok checkout and [00:12:38] get 1000 rubles for purchases. At any [00:12:42] age, it's important to know what's with your money, but only one in four [00:12:45] knows about retirement savings. 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Usually on board, [00:15:28] there are one or two essential people, the commander and his [00:15:31] assistant, but on strategic bombers, it's not like that. Here, [00:15:35] the person responsible for launching a nuclear missile may be more important [00:15:39] than the commander, because this launch can change the life not only of a [00:15:42] country, but of the planet. Therefore, the accuracy of coordinate determination [00:15:46] in long-range aviation is elevated to [00:15:48] a cult. This is why systems like [00:15:51] inertial ones are needed, but these systems have a drawback: the further you [00:15:55] move away from the starting point, the greater the error. Of course, [00:15:59] satellites can eliminate it, but satellite communication [00:16:02] is susceptible to electronic warfare. Here's a novelty on the Tu-95. [00:16:05] новинка на Ту-95. [00:16:07] The MSN has a completely new navigation system [00:16:11] that allows this error to be nullified [00:16:14] astronomically, because it navigates by [00:16:18] the stars. The accuracy of navigational determinations has significantly [00:16:21] increased with this system. The prospects [00:16:24] of this device, we [00:16:27] believe, will be used on other types of long-range [00:16:30] aviation aircraft, but [00:16:33] specifically emphasized in this modernization, that is, [00:16:36] the Tu-95 was first here, it was first here, yes, because it [00:16:39] even surpassed the Tu-160, it is used on the Tu-160, but [00:16:43] somewhat older, like that. On the Tu-95, [00:16:47] there are the latest systems that are not even on [00:16:50] the Tu-160, it turns out the Bear is not inferior to the Swan in [00:16:54] everything. And why so many navigation [00:16:57] systems? The principle of aircraft use is [00:17:00] quite simple, we must understand where we are in order to [00:17:04] use appropriate means of destruction. [00:18:07] carrier can perform observation functions, [00:18:10] processing this information on board, [00:18:14] and post-flight processing of information in [00:18:17] the interests of various [00:18:20] consumers, well, naturally military consumers, not [00:18:24] just long-range aviation, but well, yes, here we [00:18:28] believe that this data will be necessary [00:18:32] for other military command bodies, and [00:18:34] the Navy, and the leadership of the Ministry of Defense. [00:18:38] It's time to summarize the intermediate results: what have we [00:18:41] achieved in the modernization of the Tu-95's airborne electronic [00:18:44] equipment? First, we expanded the nomenclature [00:18:48] of applicable aviation weapons, we will talk about this again. [00:18:51] Second, we increased the reliability of existing [00:18:55] units and assemblies. Third, we increased the accuracy [00:18:58] of navigation. Fourth, by increasing the number of special [00:19:01] tasks, we expanded the strategist's functionality. On [00:19:05] the air is military acceptance. You can see it yourself, [00:19:08] freezing rain, everything [00:19:11] is covered with such crusts of ice. In such [00:19:15] harsh conditions we found ourselves, where the Tu-95 [00:19:18] MSM is located, that is, [00:19:21] the most modern modernized [00:19:24] version of the Tu-95 aircraft. We will be introduced to this most [00:19:28] modern by not just a qualified specialist, but [00:19:31] an aircraft builder who has been dealing with the Tu-95 topic since [00:19:35] the end of the last century and... we agreed that [00:19:39] our acquaintance with this aircraft will begin not from the [00:19:43] nose, but from the tail. Why? Here [00:19:47] the tail firing [00:19:49] installation has been dismantled, the entire [00:19:53] compartment has been sealed up. Now it has been [00:19:57] transformed into a technical compartment, which [00:20:00] is necessary in case of emergency water landing to [00:20:03] keep the aircraft from [00:20:07] rapidly sinking so that [00:20:10] the crew can safely abandon [00:20:14] the aircraft. The fact is that on all Tu-95 MS aircraft, there is a gunner in the tail, and he [00:20:17] has a rapid-fire cannon at his disposal. But in our time, [00:20:20] when strategic missile carriers are not even [00:20:23] going to approach the front line, the need for a cannon [00:20:26] has disappeared, and now this is the easiest way to [00:20:30] distinguish the Tu-95 MS from the MSM. [00:20:33] On the former, there's a cannon in the tail. On the latter, a float. Right now, [00:20:37] this freezing rain [00:20:41] continues. Look at the ice [00:20:44] buildup here on the [00:20:47] propellers. If we needed... [00:21:20] until recently, there was no need for them. The fact is that the aircraft [00:21:23] was designed in Soviet times, when strategists had to [00:21:27] approach quite close to the territory of a potential enemy, and so that [00:21:30] the enemy would not understand whether there were combat missiles on board or not, [00:21:34] they were reliably hidden in the bomb bay. [00:21:38] By the way, we saw their work from the bomb bay [00:21:41] in Syria. By the way, before that, it was believed that the Bears could [00:21:44] only work on nuclear deterrence tasks, [00:21:47] but Syria showed that strategists have a place [00:21:51] in local conflicts. Here they are, [00:21:54] the Kh-101 cruise missiles, which our hero launches [00:21:58] one after another. Yes, time will pass and we will see the Bears in [00:22:01] the lists of participants in the special military [00:22:04] operation. As for accuracy, [00:22:08] it is clear that the parameters are classified, but the order of [00:22:11] magnitude, in the 21st century, what characteristics are we achieving? [00:22:15] Well, the missile flies into the window. This [00:22:18] aircraft performs these tasks with new weapons, that is, it installs, after [00:22:21] modernization, Kh-101 missiles that are highly [00:22:24] accurate, and over many thousands of kilometers it [00:22:28] is capable of hitting, yes, that is, such small targets as buildings with [00:22:31] enormous accuracy. Let me clarify, here we are talking about the previous [00:22:35] modernization of the Tu-95 MS version, [00:22:39] without the letter M at the end. So even these machines with [00:22:42] Kh-101 missiles are capable of operating, you [00:22:46] yourselves heard, with what accuracy. We filmed these shots long before... [00:23:04] Right now, we are observing one of the most important [00:23:07] stages of repair - the installation of the beam [00:23:11] holder. This stage is considered one [00:23:14] of the very important ones in terms of understanding what the aircraft [00:23:18] is designed for, and it is designed for... let's clarify, [00:23:23] the more modern Tu-160 cannot carry additional missiles, [00:23:40] but the old Tu-95 is capable of this. [00:23:43] Here's another argument in its favor: by attaching [00:23:47] additional holders to turboprop strategists... [00:23:51] we significantly increase the capabilities not only of them, [00:23:54] but of all long-range aviation. So, we have already studied [00:23:57] the beam holders, now it's time to look into [00:24:00] the bomb bay. So, we are flying, [00:24:03] flying, 3, 2, 1, [00:24:07] the drop of missiles begins, the bomb bay [00:24:10] opens, first the bomb bay opens, then, [00:24:14] further on, the missiles are launched, that is, it specifically [00:24:18] detaches, goes down. Its engines start [00:24:21] and it goes towards the target, but towards the target doesn't [00:24:25] mean it flies in a straight line, that is, it flies the [00:24:28] route that has already been programmed into it, that is, the aircraft can go that way, and [00:24:32] the missile can go left, right, bending around the terrain as [00:24:36] well, even so. Not bombs, only missiles, only [00:24:39] missiles. There are no missiles in the drum now, there is control [00:24:43] equipment. And if there were, of course, one wants to know how many there are, but that's the peculiarity [00:24:46] of a strategic nuclear missile carrier: we cannot reveal the details here. [00:24:50] We will only say that the number of missiles in the modernized [00:24:53] Tu-95 has increased, which means [00:24:57] the takeoff weight of the machine has increased. To lift [00:25:00] such a load, more powerful engines [00:25:03] are needed. Before you is another [00:25:07] enterprise working, among other things, in the interests of long-range aviation, it is [00:25:10] part of the United Engine Corporation, Rostec State Corporation, [00:25:13] it is here that the modernization of the newest NK-12 [00:25:17] MPM engine is taking place. By the way, the [00:25:21] situation here is exactly the same as with the aircraft, when the Tu-95 [00:25:24] is modernized into the MSM, so too has [00:25:28] the NK-12mp turned into [00:25:31] the MPM. The letter M at the end here means [00:25:34] modernized. The letters NK remind of [00:25:38] the great designer Nikolai Kuznetsov, who [00:25:41] was at the origins of creating the first engine for [00:25:45] the Tu-95. [00:25:48] First. The coolest thing about this [00:25:52] engine is that it's the only engine of such power, still [00:25:55] existing in nature. The second point, [00:25:58] yes, turboprop engines, at the time this [00:26:02] engine was created, no one in the Soviet Union [00:26:05] was working on them. It was the NK-12 that brought [00:26:08] the design bureau its first great success. At the time when [00:26:11] this engine was being created, the maximum compression in [00:26:15] the compressor was 5-7 units, that is, [00:26:18] the ratio of pressure at the compressor outlet to pressure at [00:26:21] the inlet. This was the first time they went beyond [00:26:24] 10, that is, at that time it was the most [00:26:27] powerful compressor that existed. The highest [00:26:31] compression ratio. The highest. Absolutely, well, from [00:26:34] this [00:26:38] the compressor power in turn depends. The advantage of this [00:26:42] engine is its simplicity: there are no complex cooled blades in the turbine, here there is one shaft, not three, the NK-12 is easy to [00:26:45] repair and economical. As for innovative engineering [00:26:49] solutions, there are a lot of them here. Let's pay attention, for example, to [00:26:53] the starter. This is essentially a self-contained gas turbine [00:26:56] engine designed at the Kuznetsov Design Bureau. Thanks to the cutaway, [00:26:59] you can see what's behind it... [00:27:32] Well, roughly speaking, this wheel is given a [00:27:35] mode, and by setting this rotor mode, certain conditions [00:27:39] are created at the inlet to the free turbine, and it produces [00:27:43] a certain power. [00:27:46] Before you are shots of the takeoff of a turboprop Bear. We [00:27:49] see how one propeller first spins up, then [00:27:52] another begins to rotate in the opposite direction, and then they [00:27:56] rotate at similar speeds in opposite [00:27:59] directions. However, ensuring such counter-rotation [00:28:02] is an extremely difficult task. For this, Kuznetsov's team [00:28:06] developed a planetary differential [00:28:08] gearbox and a special propeller pitch control [00:28:11] system. Let's show [00:28:15] the planetary gearbox in action. Why such a name, [00:28:18] planetary? In fact, it's very simple, it refers [00:28:22] to the solar system, you all see how the gears [00:28:25] rotate around one main gear. The uniqueness [00:28:28] of this gearbox lies precisely in the fact that it allows [00:28:32] to rotate the propeller shafts in different directions. How much do we [00:28:36] reduce the number of revolutions? Well, if we [00:28:39] have on the turbine, imagine more than 800 revolutions [00:28:42] per minute, then on the propellers it's 10 times [00:28:45] less, and naturally our propellers do not rotate at such a high speed, [00:28:49] thereby increasing their, so to speak, [00:28:51] durability. Well, I want to add from myself, do you hear [00:28:54] how quietly it works? And now [00:28:57] simultaneously, I don't know, a dozen different [00:29:01] gears are rotating. That is, another feature of this [00:29:04] planetary gearbox is [00:29:06] silence. 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