ZVEZDA — broadcast
20261011 090000 UTC
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[00:00:03] In early November 2025,
[00:00:06] NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte urged the countries
[00:00:09] of the North Atlantic Alliance to prepare, quote: for
[00:00:12] a long-term confrontation with Russia. Russia
[00:00:15] will remain a destabilizing force in Europe and the world. They
[00:00:19] are preparing for a prolonged confrontation. We cannot be
[00:00:22] naive. The inevitability of conflict with our country
[00:00:25] is also predicted by the chief of the general staff of the French
[00:00:28] armed forces, General.
[00:00:30] and proposes a plan for rearmament of the country for the next 3 years.
[00:00:34] The first goal I set for the armed forces is
[00:00:38] to be ready for a shock in 3-4 years. The course for
[00:00:41] active militarization of the country was also adopted by the authorities
[00:00:44] of the FRG. This was stated at the end of October by the head of the Federal
[00:00:47] Intelligence Service, Martin Jäger, speaking in the
[00:00:50] Bundestag. Statements by Western and European
[00:00:53] politicians about the escalation of the conflict with our country look especially
[00:00:57] contradictory against the background of regular statements from Moscow
[00:01:00] that Russia has no political or
[00:01:03] economic reasons to enter into confrontation with NATO
[00:01:06] countries. Moreover, it was Washington and its allies
[00:01:10] who in recent years have launched unprecedented military
[00:01:13] activity near our borders. We see how, in fact,
[00:01:16] we saw how NATO absorbed first the countries of Eastern
[00:01:20] Europe, then the Baltics, well, then it began to enter
[00:01:24] the post-Soviet space, onto the territory
[00:01:27] of republics no longer Baltic. of the Soviet Union,
[00:01:31] in particular Ukraine, Moldova,
[00:01:34] Georgia. Here, of course, for Russia, this is already, as they say, a red
[00:01:38] line. What is behind the calls of Western politicians
[00:01:41] to prepare for confrontation with our country? According to Moscow, this is
[00:01:45] part of a global strategy of ideological warfare, which
[00:01:48] is being waged by the participants of the North Atlantic Alliance.
[00:01:51] Justifying aggression on their part, they are trying to convince
[00:01:55] the world community that they are allegedly deterring the Russian
[00:01:58] threat. This, of course, is an ideology not
[00:02:02] new, it has two
[00:02:05] obvious reasons: this is, of course, foreign
[00:02:08] policy, the fanning
[00:02:11] of the atmosphere, the second is domestic policy,
[00:02:14] the justification of all turmoil,
[00:02:18] disarray, internal problems, but there is also
[00:02:21] a third reason, which for centuries Russian
[00:02:24] thinkers, journalists,
[00:02:27] writers, have investigated. This
[00:02:30] is an inexplicable, at times irrational, inexplicable
[00:02:34] hatred for Russia. Western countries led by Washington
[00:02:37] keenly feel the change in the balance of power in the world, the strengthening
[00:02:41] of military and economic alliances, for example, between Russia and
[00:02:44] China, as well as India, frightens the White House and forces
[00:02:48] it to act aggressively both in the political and
[00:02:51] informational fields, moreover, Western countries use methods
[00:02:55] of ideological confrontation formed back in the years
[00:02:58] of the Cold War. Immediately after the end of World War II,
[00:03:02] the United States began to wage a systematic
[00:03:05] ideological struggle against the Soviet Union. One of
[00:03:08] the main players in this confrontation was
[00:03:11] the US Information Agency, founded in
[00:03:14] 1953. It was responsible for
[00:03:18] disseminating American ideals and values abroad
[00:03:21] through radio, print publications, and
[00:03:25] cinema. For example, Radio Free Europe, which
[00:03:28] was created with CIA money, broadcast news and
[00:03:32] programs to Eastern Bloc countries, thus,
[00:03:35] Washington tried to reduce Moscow's influence on
[00:03:39] its allies and undermine their trust in Soviet
[00:03:42] power. How American propaganda worked during
[00:03:46] the Cold War, why ideological warfare became one of
[00:03:50] the key tools in the struggle between the USA and the Soviet
[00:03:53] Union? What propaganda technologies
[00:03:56] does the West use today to promote its
[00:03:58] interests? third in our
[00:04:01] film.
[00:04:07] On March 12, 1947,
[00:04:09] US President Harry Truman addressed Congress with a speech that
[00:04:13] went down in history as the Truman Doctrine. In
[00:04:17] particular, the document implied providing Greece and Turkey
[00:04:20] with aid amounting to 400 million dollars to combat,
[00:04:24] quote: the communist threat. We must frankly
[00:04:28] admit that the free countries of the world are threatened by direct or indirect
[00:04:32] aggression from totalitarianism, and this threatens
[00:04:34] world peace and hinders the security
[00:04:37] of America. The foreign policy program proposed by Truman
[00:04:41] consisted of military and financial support for states not
[00:04:44] belonging to the countries of the socialist bloc.
[00:04:47] However, in exchange for aid, the White House reserved the right to influence
[00:04:51] the internal policies of its satellites, as well as to create
[00:04:54] American military bases on their territories. In Greece, there was a
[00:04:58] civil war in... in Turkey there were also very strong
[00:05:01] pro-Soviet sentiments, in both states there were strong
[00:05:05] communist parties. Truman undoubtedly argued
[00:05:08] before senators that money should be allocated to suppress there...
[00:06:12] the Cold War, and the very
[00:06:16] provisions of that Cold War that followed
[00:06:19] were outlined in Truman's speech in 1947,
[00:06:23] in order to prevent communists from coming to power, such a political
[00:06:26] action was taken: money in exchange for
[00:06:29] loyalty, and this line was subsequently
[00:06:32] used. Only those countries that blindly
[00:06:36] obeyed them and followed Washington's lead received
[00:06:39] economic aid from the US. In Washington, the Truman
[00:06:43] Doctrine caused a mixed reaction, in particular, members of the team
[00:06:46] of ex-President Franklin Roosevelt called the policy of the head
[00:06:49] of the White House - quote "Insanity." In the conditions of, let's say,
[00:06:53] the then emerging Cold War, well, some
[00:06:57] American politicians, primarily from the democratic
[00:07:00] camp, they were such left-wing democrats, they believed that the Truman
[00:07:04] Doctrine would lead to a sharp aggravation of relations with the Soviet Union, which
[00:07:07] would bring the world to the brink of a Third World War, moreover, which
[00:07:10] could already be such a total and
[00:07:14] nuclear character, atomic character, first of all, yes, many, in fact, opposed
[00:07:18] it. Less than a month after the announcement of the Truman Doctrine,
[00:07:21] on April 9, 1947,
[00:07:24] the special envoy of US President Harold
[00:07:28] Stassen arrived in Moscow for a visit. Stassen was one
[00:07:31] of the clear precedents for the presidency of the United
[00:07:35] States of America, here he had an
[00:07:38] advantage among other candidates, but unfortunately
[00:07:42] for him... he lost one of the
[00:07:45] elections in the states to one of
[00:07:48] his party opponents, and basically this
[00:07:51] trip of 1947 was
[00:07:54] made by him on his personal initiative in order to gain
[00:07:58] certain points in the fight for the presidential chair. During
[00:08:01] the reception in Moscow, Stassen wanted to discuss with Joseph Stalin
[00:08:05] the prospects for the development of Soviet-American
[00:08:07] relations.
[00:08:42] does not threaten the Soviet Union, they are ready to
[00:08:45] cooperate with him, but in fact it was an attempt
[00:08:49] to mislead Stalin, but Stalin was a wise
[00:08:52] man, he perfectly understood that it was a deception. On
[00:08:56] March 21, 1947, President Truman issued
[00:08:59] Executive Order No. 9835,
[00:09:02] known as the witch hunt. According to the document,
[00:09:06] all those employed in federal service had to undergo,
[00:09:09] quote: A loyalty check. At the same time,
[00:09:12] the committee for the investigation of un-American activities,
[00:09:15] created back in 1934,
[00:09:18] began its active work. Republican
[00:09:21] Senator Joseph McCarthy,
[00:09:24] a proponent of ultra-right views,
[00:09:27] was appointed responsible for implementing the presidential
[00:09:30] order. Truman's decree indeed preceded a broader
[00:09:33] campaign, so-called McCarthyism, named after
[00:09:37] American Senator Joseph McCarthy, who was such
[00:09:40] a completely stubborn and aggressive
[00:09:42] anti-communist, who often saw communists even in, well,
[00:09:46] such very, I would say, moderate and
[00:09:49] harmless people, that is, there was such a, well, rigid
[00:09:52] pressure and coercion on dissidents, and many
[00:09:55] had to leave the United States of America. By the way, this
[00:09:59] campaign then affected Hollywood, in particular, Charlie
[00:10:03] Chaplin was forced to leave the USA and settle in
[00:10:06] Switzerland, since then, well, he demonstratively did not
[00:10:10] visit the United States of America, even. when they re-evaluated
[00:10:13] these priorities. McCarthyites accumulated all
[00:10:17] resources to conduct propaganda against the Soviet Union. They
[00:10:20] implemented the idea of using radio as an instrument
[00:10:24] of informational... psychological warfare. On March 26,
[00:10:27] 1946, the Russian service
[00:10:31] of the BBC began broadcasting to the USSR. A year later,
[00:10:35] on February 17, 1947,
[00:10:38] the radio station "Voice of America" became available
[00:10:41] to Soviet citizens. This is how the radio hosts described
[00:10:44] their goals in the first broadcast: to give listeners in the USSR
[00:10:47] an idea of American life and contribute
[00:10:51] to strengthening friendship between the Soviet and American peoples.
[00:10:55] When the Cold War was unleashed, of course, the main
[00:10:58] focus for the mass media
[00:11:01] of the United States of America was to directly
[00:11:05] cultivate the population of the Soviet Union
[00:11:08] with disinformation, showing the advantage of the capitalist system
[00:11:11] over the socialist one, telling some
[00:11:14] interesting facts from the history of the Soviet
[00:11:17] Union, about which the residents of the USSR
[00:11:21] knew little, and also there was a lot
[00:11:26] of information that was practically inaccessible
[00:11:29] to many citizens of the USSR, because newspapers in the Soviet
[00:11:33] Union did not fully show even the
[00:11:36] internal political struggle that was going on in the CPSU. In
[00:11:39] 1949, Voice of America began broadcasting in
[00:11:43] Ukrainian, and from 1951,
[00:11:46] it was already broadcasting in Georgian, Armenian, and
[00:11:49] Azerbaijani, as well as Lithuanian and Latvian.
[00:11:52] For the first time, the radio station Voice
[00:11:55] of America began broadcasting in February 1942.
[00:11:59] It was created as
[00:12:02] a tool to combat Nazi propaganda, which during the years of World
[00:12:05] War II proved its effectiveness. But the paradox is
[00:12:09] that the radio, which was actively used to counteract
[00:12:12] the ideology of the Nazis, Washington turned into a weapon in the Cold
[00:12:15] War against Moscow. Moreover,
[00:12:18] Western politicians actively applied the principles of agitation
[00:12:22] developed by the Reich Minister of the People.
[00:13:36] Russia is seeking a critical defeat of Ukrainian
[00:13:39] bridges,
[00:13:43] Kyiv is switching to generators and multi-hour power
[00:13:47] outages, the enemy, the enemy has significantly either destroyed or
[00:13:50] damaged all electricity generation in the capital, how are moods changing?
[00:21:45] the National Committee for Free Europe founded
[00:21:48] Radio Free Europe. The main goal was
[00:21:52] to broadcast anti-communist ideas to
[00:21:54] countries supporting the USSR. On July
[00:21:58] 4, 1950, broadcasting began from West
[00:22:01] Germany to the states of the socialist bloc in
[00:22:05] Europe. The radio station covered the territories of Bulgaria,
[00:22:08] Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
[00:22:12] From 1953, the radio was renamed
[00:22:15] Svoboda (Liberty), while the National Committee for Free Europe,
[00:22:19] which founded the radio, was controlled and financed by
[00:22:22] the CIA. The money, well, it was
[00:22:25] really enormous, because it was necessary here, as they say, to
[00:22:29] buy loyalty, it was necessary to spend on
[00:22:32] material and technical support, on
[00:22:35] working with certain of their agents undercover
[00:22:38] in the journalistic environment, on various
[00:22:41] trips, conferences, on dropping
[00:22:45] even in some cases agents, yes, on
[00:22:48] supporting immigrants and so on. That is, it was about millions
[00:22:52] of dollars then, yes, those millions are essentially current
[00:22:55] billions. Anti-Soviet propaganda on Radio Free Europe
[00:22:59] fully met the goals that President Truman defined back in
[00:23:03] September 1949. Then National Security Council
[00:23:07] Memorandum No. 58 was approved. We must conduct
[00:23:10] an offensive not only with overt, but also with covert operations. The course
[00:23:14] to incite division within the communist world should
[00:23:18] be conducted discreetly, for this should not obscure our ultimate
[00:23:22] goal: the creation of a non-totalitarian system in Eastern
[00:23:25] Europe. While Stalin was
[00:23:28] alive, against this policy, it was possible to build a certain system
[00:23:32] of protection. That is, of course, subversive activities were carried out with the
[00:23:36] help of infiltrators, saboteurs, spies,
[00:23:39] and other, in fact, knights of the cloak and dagger, as well as with the help of some
[00:23:43] internal opposition, in some cases with the help of religious organizations, in
[00:23:47] particular in Poland, it was very much used
[00:23:52] in anti-Soviet activities, in
[00:23:54] 1953, by decision of the American Congress,
[00:23:58] the US Information Agency was founded, another joint project
[00:24:02] of the CIA and the Pentagon. The agency
[00:24:06] specialized in collecting and analyzing the most important political,
[00:24:09] economic and international events. All this was transmitted to
[00:24:13] newspaper and magazine editorial offices, to television and
[00:24:16] radio. According to open sources, the US
[00:24:20] agency spent up to 1 billion
[00:24:24] dollars annually on propaganda campaigns. There were so-called
[00:24:27] three types of enemy propaganda: white,
[00:24:30] gray, and black propaganda. This white propaganda, which was mostly
[00:24:34] conducted in the 1940s on the radio, involved taking facts that
[00:24:38] characterized the Soviet Union in a negative light, and these facts
[00:24:41] were broadcast. Gray propaganda involved these
[00:24:45] unpalatable facts being analyzed, that is...
[00:24:48] adding some details and giving an assessment, and black
[00:24:51] propaganda simply involved creating
[00:24:55] absolutely false, but terrible myths,
[00:24:58] which were also attributed to the Soviet Union, they were spread,
[00:25:02] well, as Goebbels once said, the more terrible the lie,
[00:25:05] the sooner people will believe it. In the mid-1950s,
[00:25:08] against the USSR and the countries of the Eastern
[00:25:12] Bloc, such propaganda radio stations as
[00:25:15] Voice of America, BBC and
[00:25:18] Svoboda (Liberty) were working. They could be found on short waves in the ranges from
[00:25:21] 16 to 49 meters. About
[00:25:24] 80% of the airtime was occupied by programs
[00:25:27] advertising American values. The main emphasis
[00:25:31] was placed on the youth audience. A separate,
[00:25:34] very important element of Western propaganda was
[00:25:38] music. This was also an element of forbidden
[00:25:41] fruit, which always has the effect of feeling that you are not
[00:25:45] allowed to listen, that you are
[00:25:47] restricted, that we want to have fun,
[00:25:51] they impose Komsomol songs on us, this was also
[00:25:54] an element, and but as life shows,
[00:25:57] complete freedom, yes, on the Internet, in the
[00:26:01] music business. in show business in general, in
[00:26:04] information and cultural policy leads generally to
[00:26:07] madness to
[00:26:10] degradation. Jamming, as they said at the time, enemy voices in
[00:26:13] the Soviet Union, began back in late 1948.
[00:26:17] For this, by order of the Propaganda and Agitation
[00:26:21] Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU, a system of technical
[00:26:24] means was developed, allowing to create radio interference in
[00:26:27] the broadcasting range of Western stations. Moreover, in Soviet
[00:26:31] electrical goods stores.
[00:27:02] knew exactly where each Western
[00:27:05] radio station was located, well, these enemy
[00:27:09] voices served this purpose. In parallel with the introduction of a system for jamming Western
[00:27:12] radio stations, the Soviet government strengthened its own
[00:27:15] foreign broadcasting. In Great Britain,
[00:27:18] Germany, France, and the USA, Moscow Radio
[00:27:21] had been operating since 1929.
[00:27:25] By 1950, it had expanded its broadcasting
[00:27:28] range to Canada. From August 1963,
[00:27:32] news broadcasts and analytical programs
[00:27:36] concerning relations between the USSR and the USA
[00:27:39] began to be aired on the radio. The ideological war of the Soviet
[00:27:42] Union was a mirrored response, it
[00:27:45] demonstrated, well, the attractiveness, so to speak, of the Soviet
[00:27:48] state, therefore the media underwent a rather serious
[00:27:52] transformation. In addition, following the American
[00:27:55] model, we are building, at Khrushchev's
[00:27:58] suggestion, certain points that for the whole
[00:28:02] world
[00:28:05] should become a symbol of the attractiveness of the Soviet Union and its development,
[00:28:07] for example, GUM, the State Department Store, was then in
[00:28:11] the fifties on Red Square reconstructed according
[00:28:14] to the model of the best American boutiques, and it was supposed
[00:28:18] to demonstrate to the entire Western world
[00:28:21] that in the Soviet Union there was an abundance of food, many different
[00:28:25] consumer goods, all this in wide access
[00:28:28] in the fifties and sixties - this is a period when...
[00:28:32] a serious reorganization of the media responsible for
[00:28:36] foreign policy takes place. In these years,
[00:28:38] the Soviet TASS agency receives world status. By
[00:28:42] 1967, it had offices and correspondents
[00:28:46] in almost all European countries, as well as in fifteen
[00:28:49] Latin American and 24 African
[00:28:53] states. As for the United States, there
[00:28:56] the Soviet information agency opened its bureau back in
[00:28:59] 1923, although. then it
[00:29:03] was called the Russian Telegraph Agency or
[00:29:06] simply. Before the Second World World War in the New York office
[00:29:09] several employees, US
[00:29:12] citizens, worked. Indeed, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union became the most powerful,
[00:29:16] of course, information agency, that's one, on the other hand, it was also a kind of
[00:29:19] tribute to the foreign policy conjuncture, because the Soviet Union
[00:29:23] eventually abandoned the idea of defeating
[00:29:27] the West and preferred the so-called doctrine of peaceful
[00:29:30] coexistence of different systems. In the Soviet
[00:29:38] Union, for example, in the seventies, in the early eighties, for example, the sale of America magazine and England magazine was officially allowed, yes, that is, as they say, in which
[00:29:41] the notorious American British way
[00:29:44] of life was propagated, but without politics. During the Cold War,
[00:29:48] Moscow regarded the protests taking place within the US as
[00:29:51] an important front in the struggle for the minds of citizens, especially young people
[00:29:55] and students. So, for example, from the mid-sixties,
[00:29:58] an anti-war movement formed in large American cities.
[00:30:03] in Vietnam. By 1967, the protests had reached the scale
[00:30:07] of a national crisis. The Soviet government took advantage
[00:30:10] of the moment and launched an active anti-war
[00:30:14] agitation in the United States. The greatest effect was achieved by the anti-war
[00:30:18] propaganda launched by the Soviet Union in the US itself. It
[00:30:22] was based on real anti-war sentiments of the left and
[00:30:25] liberal public. The anti-war forces, including
[00:30:29] with unofficial Soviet support, managed to and...
[00:30:40] States of America, therefore the Soviet Union used, among other things,
[00:30:44] the Communist Party of the USA, although it was small in number,
[00:30:47] it was not very popular, as well as the youth movement,
[00:30:51] the youth movement, including the hippie movement,
[00:30:54] it had an anti-war
[00:30:56] orientation, and at the same time received
[00:31:00] wide support within the country. And this youth
[00:31:03] movement, it largely contributed.