ZVEZDA — broadcast
20261105 093000 UTC
405 transcript segments
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[00:00:31] As a result of that partisan action, about 200
[00:00:35] Nazi, civilian and military
[00:00:37] officials were destroyed.
[00:00:39] We have in our archive documents regarding
[00:00:43] the operation to attempt to destroy
[00:00:46] Kube in the theater on June 22,
[00:00:49] 1943. It is stated
[00:00:52] that a group of four people went to Minsk
[00:00:55] to organize an explosion in the theater where the Germans
[00:00:59] had planned.
[00:01:30] Central House of Officers of the Armed Forces of the Republic of
[00:01:33] Belarus, and before the Great Patriotic War, it was the House
[00:01:37] of the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War,
[00:01:40] the fascists under the leadership of Wilhelm Kube
[00:01:44] equipped a cinema, headquarters and a cafe here, and here
[00:01:47] they spent their leisure time. In July '43
[00:01:51] a bomb was detonated there. By
[00:01:54] coincidence, Wilhelm Kube was not at this
[00:01:58] meeting, an explosion occurred. officials
[00:02:30] officers, but all this, like ambushes on the roads
[00:02:34] on which Kube traveled, did not yield the desired
[00:02:37] result. The Gauleiter was lucky, although he was hunted
[00:02:41] for a long time by partisans from many
[00:02:43] detachments. Kube was not destroyed,
[00:02:47] the only success of the operation was developed by the Main Intelligence
[00:02:51] Directorate of the General Staff of the Red Army,
[00:02:54] a partisan special sabotage and reconnaissance unit under
[00:02:58] the command of David. Ilyich Keimakh,
[00:03:01] he in detail tasked military
[00:03:05] intelligence officer Osipova, Maria Borisovna,
[00:03:08] who had the alias
[00:03:11] "Black". This task was received by
[00:03:14] the partisan unit under the command of Lopatin, in
[00:03:17] which Nadezhda Viktorovna Troyan worked as a nurse.
[00:03:21] Troyan.
[00:03:31] and what if you just don't know how
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[00:07:37] The main task of Captain Pyotr Lopatin's partisan brigade, like other special
[00:07:40] units.
[00:08:12] There were only 18, the former
[00:08:15] medical institute student joined the youth underground
[00:08:18] group, wrote and distributed leaflets. Nadezhda
[00:08:22] Viktorovna Troyan had no relation to
[00:08:25] military intelligence, she
[00:08:28] acted through the NKVD intelligence line, was
[00:08:31] an operative group resident, had the pseudonym
[00:08:34] Kanskaya. Since July 1943,
[00:08:37] she as an intelligence officer and
[00:08:41] a nurse. Tatyana
[00:09:25] Kolita contacted Elena
[00:09:28] Mazanik. The Minsk house and the entire block were
[00:09:31] cordoned off, it was impossible to get there,
[00:09:35] but Elena Mazanik worked as a maid at Kube's,
[00:09:38] meaning she had access to the mansion. Nadezhda Troyan hoped.
[00:10:55] all kinds of, well, communication
[00:10:57] meetings, still the first breach in the impregnable
[00:11:01] fortress was made by Nadezhda
[00:11:03] Troyan. Nadezhda Troyan's behavior
[00:11:07] and actions aroused in Elena
[00:11:10] Mazanik a desire for more decisive
[00:11:13] actions. This played a positive role.
[00:11:15] Elena Mazanik worked before the war as a waitress in the cafeteria
[00:11:19] of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, and then in the cafeteria of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
[00:11:22] of Belarus. She tried to escape from
[00:11:26] occupied Minsk, but the Germans blocked the roads and she had to
[00:11:29] return back.
[00:11:31] And she got a job in
[00:11:35] a German canteen. Elena turned out to be a diligent
[00:11:38] worker, and she was noticed
[00:11:42] by Kube's adjutant, who always ate in the canteen. We
[00:11:45] have employee cards of the commissariat, including Mazanik.
[00:11:49] True, here she is referred to not as Elena, but as Galina. And here
[00:11:53] is detailed information about her work, how much she received,
[00:11:56] what salary, and here there is also a note that she
[00:12:00] worked as a waitress for Kube, and then transferred in
[00:12:03] June 1943
[00:12:05] to work in his mansion, where, well, this new mansion,
[00:12:09] Kube's wife Anita really liked Elena
[00:12:13] Mazanik. The head of the family in terms of
[00:12:16] household was Anita, who
[00:12:18] actually managed the household, who to a large extent
[00:12:22] influenced the selection of staff
[00:12:25] who served them, insisted that she move into
[00:12:28] their house.
[00:12:32] Someone from the Gauleiter's staff was also sought by another
[00:12:35] Soviet intelligence officer, Maria Osipova, from David
[00:12:39] Keimakh's special partisan brigade, the intelligence department
[00:12:42] of the General Staff of the Red Army, and she also contacted Elena
[00:12:46] Mazanik. Osipova tried to meet
[00:12:49] with Mazanik several times, but Mazanik refused, sending
[00:12:53] her sister to the meeting, because...
[00:13:26] Hitler instructed Kube to carry out new repressions against
[00:13:29] Belarusians. Kube ordered to prepare punitive
[00:13:32] actions, including executions for September 30,
[00:13:36] 1943. Therefore, taking into account
[00:13:39] the information received, it was decided
[00:13:43] to carry out the operation to eliminate Kube before
[00:13:46] September 30. Due to
[00:13:49] the impending threat, Soviet partisans and intelligence officers accelerated
[00:13:52] the operation to destroy Gauleiter.
[00:13:57] And there was another circumstance: September 21
[00:14:00] was the birthday of Kube's wife,
[00:14:03] Anita. And using this date, it was possible
[00:14:07] to carry an explosive device under the guise of a gift.
[00:14:10] Therefore, the day of the operation was
[00:14:14] set for September 21.
[00:14:16] The operation had the code name
[00:14:19] "Retribution". All details of the issue
[00:14:23] were worked out. Maria Borisovna as
[00:14:27] a resident and as a military
[00:14:29] intelligence officer was
[00:14:32] trained
[00:14:36] in how to use and work with a delayed-action mine
[00:14:40] with a clock mechanism.
[00:14:42] Maria Osipova was often involved in reconnaissance and sabotage
[00:14:46] operations, she was a proven and very
[00:14:49] brave person. Before the war, she graduated from the Minsk Law
[00:14:52] Institute, worked in the Supreme Court of Belarus.
[00:14:55] USSR. With the start of the occupation, she became a liaison between
[00:14:58] the underground leadership and partisan detachments. This
[00:15:02] time she was to bring a mine to Minsk to destroy
[00:15:06] Kube. Maria Osipova,
[00:15:08] while in the partisan
[00:15:11] brigade, received from Major
[00:15:14] Fyodorov
[00:15:17] a very light, small magnetic mine
[00:15:21] with a chemical detonator.
[00:15:25] The peculiarity of the mine was that it did not have
[00:15:28] the usual clock mechanism, that is,
[00:15:31] it was impossible to hear
[00:15:34] the mine.
[00:16:07] she put lingonberries on top,
[00:16:10] berries, and then on top she put a few
[00:16:13] eggs and a chicken, that is,
[00:16:16] why she did it this way, why she passed
[00:16:19] the inspection, since she was already, of course, an experienced
[00:16:22] underground worker, a seasoned
[00:16:25] person, she had already created an image
[00:16:29] of a speculator for herself in advance, the matter
[00:16:32] was limited to checking documents, although at one of
[00:16:36] the posts the policemen still wanted to examine the contents
[00:16:39] of the basket, but she managed to get rid of
[00:16:42] them, they agreed that
[00:16:46] Maria Borisovna Osipova gave
[00:16:49] 25 German
[00:16:52] marks, gave part of the provisions to the policeman, and accordingly
[00:16:56] was allowed to pass.
[00:16:59] She gave the mine to Elena Mazanik, on the morning
[00:17:02] of September 21, the maid, as usual, went to work at Kube's mansion,
[00:17:06] the guards at
[00:17:09] the entrance did not stop her. Given that she had a very good, trusting relationship with his
[00:17:13] wife, Anita, who was pregnant at the time, in her ninth
[00:17:16] month of pregnancy, she passed
[00:17:20] the inspection quite easily, she carried this
[00:17:24] mine in her handbag,
[00:17:27] on top of the handbag, which she didn't even close,
[00:17:29] lay a scarf, when the guard in Kube's
[00:17:33] house asked her what she was carrying, she said it was
[00:17:37] a gift for Anita, a gift for the Gauleiter's
[00:17:40] wife, the explosion occurred on
[00:17:43] the night of September 21-22 at
[00:17:47] 2:15 AM, Kube's death was
[00:17:51] instantaneous, and neither his wife nor his children
[00:17:54] were harmed. Mazanik and Osipova
[00:17:57] met at the Opera House in Minsk, where a car
[00:18:00] with a driver was waiting for them, they left the city and
[00:18:04] then had to walk almost 40
[00:18:08] km, at the agreed place they were
[00:18:10] met by a partisan with a horse and a cart, and a few
[00:18:14] hours later they were in the partisan
[00:18:18] brigade, this saved them from arrest,
[00:18:21] after Kube's liquidation, the situation in Minsk was extremely
[00:18:25] tense, the Gestapo
[00:18:28] shot people directly in the streets,
[00:18:31] they looked
[00:18:33] for the perpetrators of the action, but everything was...
[00:18:39] On September 25, Major Nikolai Fyodorov, also known as Kolokol,
[00:18:42] sent a radiogram to the head of the Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff
[00:18:45] of the Red Army, Lieutenant General
[00:18:48] Kuznetsov, with a message that Kube
[00:18:51] had been destroyed, and the people who carried out this
[00:18:54] operation were with him. On October 12,
[00:18:58] 1943, Elena Mazanik, Maria
[00:19:01] Osipova and Nadezhda Troyan were flown
[00:19:05] to Moscow. This is
[00:19:09] Fyodorov's memorandum and
[00:19:12] Osipova's reports on the preparation and conduct
[00:19:16] of the operation to kill Kube, when they were taken to
[00:19:18] Moscow, they prepared these reports,
[00:19:22] this is Fyodorov's
[00:19:25] memorandum, where he describes in detail how
[00:19:29] they carried out this operation, who participated
[00:19:32] in it, due to their special importance, their interrogation
[00:19:35] was personally conducted by the People's Commissar of State Security.
[00:20:07] fly in from the Far East to defend the course,
[00:20:11] can he fly here? Yes, to lose a loved one at the front
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[00:20:22] a hopeless situation, decided to go for
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[00:20:29] Roman Veselov, battalion commanders of the 155th Marine
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[00:25:20] price. Troyan carried out several operations, including in this officers'
[00:25:23] house, when a large group was
[00:25:27] blown up in the hall, and
[00:25:30] showed real heroism. Stalin agreed
[00:25:34] to this, and she was awarded
[00:25:38] the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. But neither the decree
[00:25:42] on the award nor reports on the presentation were
[00:25:45] published. This was the first secret conferment
[00:25:49] of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The country learned of
[00:25:52] the feat only after the Great Patriotic
[00:25:55] War. General Commissar Kube was the most
[00:25:58] high-ranking figure of Nazi Germany killed on Soviet
[00:26:02] territory.
[00:26:07] We are in the hall of the Central House of Officers of the Armed
[00:26:10] Forces of the Republic of Belarus during the war, where the German
[00:26:14] command and Wilhelm Kube equipped a cinema
[00:26:17] and a cafe. It was in this
[00:26:21] hall on September 23 and
[00:26:24] 24, 1943, that the fascist
[00:26:28] troops and the fascist command. It is known that during the war, Germany
[00:26:38] declared mourning twice: after the defeat
[00:26:41] at Stalingrad and in connection with Kube's assassination. This
[00:26:45] shows how significant the figure of the Gauleiter
[00:26:48] of Belarus was for the Nazis. Hitler even
[00:26:52] sent a special coffin for Kube. The Gauleiter was given a
[00:26:55] lavish funeral. The Reich newspapers were published with mourning
[00:26:59] frames. Kube's funeral
[00:27:03] took place in Berlin on September 29,
[00:27:06] 1943, but Hitler did not attend
[00:27:10] Kube's farewell, from the highest leadership of the Third
[00:27:13] Reich there was only the Minister of Internal Affairs,
[00:27:17] Reichsführer SS Himmler, who,
[00:27:20] not for the press, in a narrow circle of specially trusted
[00:27:24] persons, said, Hitler was disappointed
[00:27:27] with Kube. Hitler posthumously awarded Kube
[00:27:30] the Knight's Cross with Swords. For Mazanik's capture, the Nazis
[00:27:34] promised a fabulous reward.
[00:27:37] The Germans created a commission, it managed to
[00:27:40] fully restore the picture,
[00:27:43] how and who killed Kube. The fact is
[00:27:46] that they immediately went out, began
[00:27:50] to investigate who worked in the mansion, Mazanik was
[00:27:53] missing.
[00:27:55] And they started, they followed
[00:27:57] Mazanik's tracks.
[00:28:02] They shot hostages for Kube's murder, the fact is that they
[00:28:06] still paid back specifically to
[00:28:09] the residents of the city, but there are different numbers, up to
[00:28:13] two thousand somewhere they say, that's
[00:28:15] how, Wilhelm Kube's widow Anita
[00:28:18] repeatedly wrote letters to her former maid, but she did not
[00:28:22] answer them, Anita Kube
[00:28:26] made several attempts after the war through
[00:28:29] the Soviet embassy...
[00:29:03] Soviet military intelligence made a significant contribution to the victory over
[00:29:06] Nazism, its effectiveness was forced to be recognized
[00:29:10] even by the leadership of the Third Reich. According to the testimony
[00:29:13] of Walter Schellenberg, head of the SD foreign department,
[00:29:16] Hitler already at the end of 1941
[00:29:19] and especially after the defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad in '43,
[00:29:23] believed that Soviet intelligence far
[00:29:26] surpassed
[00:29:27] German intelligence.
[00:30:24] News time on the Zvezda TV channel, in the studio Ildar Basilya, hello, this
[00:30:28] is what will happen: 8 months under the nose of...
[00:30:32] KSU, a soldier single-handedly repelled attacks by militants and transmitted important
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