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00:00:00But at the coalition more fragile same time, it shows that the inventory began remained a party. than if the National Rally of Independents
00:00:04to decline with continued consumption during the autumn months.
00:00:11of the most important wetlands in
00:00:21Morocco is moving towards strengthening the production of desalinated water in the city
00:00:26some components from being of Laayoune through a new project to expand the water desalination plant.
00:00:32and therefore this upcoming
00:00:36capable of being in
00:00:37base so that The National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water launched a study
00:00:39to determine the components of a new
00:00:42began to exploit in their favor. desalination unit
00:00:43fall to the Authenticity and Modernity Party aimed at providing an additional flow of up to 300 liters per second by
00:00:48The map resulting from the ballot boxes 2050. Early October.
00:00:50This
00:00:55unit relies on reverse osmosis technology, and
00:00:59the estimated cost
00:01:02Annual rainfall in of the study is about 1.29 million
00:01:04dirhams, and the implementation period will extend to nine
00:01:09in the months. The study
00:01:11of restoring citizens' trust includes the construction of a new canal for drawing and transporting water with a length of approximately 10
00:01:15kilometers, in addition to strengthening pumping equipment and
00:01:20we consider this an endorsement electricity supply. in the next
00:01:24The drinking water system
00:01:24coalition to continue, or, in Laayoune currently has
00:01:29Rally of Independents, as it was leading two seawater desalination plants, with a production capacity of
00:01:32300 liters per second for each plant, or a total
00:01:36of 600 liters per second. The system also relies on
00:01:39additional materials, including
00:01:43in its favor in one way or the Umm Al-Wad field wells, which
00:01:43rising temperatures, and pressure on water. provide about 95 liters per second during
00:01:472026.
00:01:53The project will also assess the environmental impact of the desalination
00:01:56process, especially regarding the discharge of highly saline
00:02:01the scene, a set of scenarios water resulting from the treatment process and its potential impact on the terrestrial environment.
00:02:06to attract the largest number of
00:02:17To cope with the increasing pressure on water resources, the kingdom
00:02:21is expanding the use of treated wastewater.
00:02:24معاالجتها.
00:02:30a different context. The goal is no longer According to data published by the Bou Regreg and Chaouia Water
00:02:34Basin Agency on October 2, the agency allocated
00:02:3811.64 million dirhams in 2024
00:02:41to support projects for the reuse of treated wastewater.
00:02:45المعالجه.
00:02:51Studies for the reuse of treated water for irrigating
00:02:54green spaces in the city of Settat, in addition to
00:02:58similar studies in the province of Ouazzane.
00:03:03more difficult to The agency also contributed to projects
00:03:06for the reuse of treated water for irrigating golf courses
00:03:10in several cities, including Casablanca,
00:03:13Skhirat, Temara, Harhoura, and Mohammedia.
00:03:16These projects allow treated water to be directed
00:03:20towards specific uses instead of relying solely on
00:03:24fresh water for irrigation operations. This approach
00:03:27falls within the expansion of the use of non-conventional
00:03:31water resources and the reduction of pressure on traditional resources,
00:03:34especially in cities and areas where irrigation needs are high.
00:03:50From water to energy, preparations are underway for a project that combines
00:03:53the protection of water resources
00:03:56that will probably be in and the production of electricity from renewable sources. The Bou Regreg
00:03:59Water Basin Agency is preparing to launch a feasibility study
00:04:02for the establishment of floating
00:04:05met with expressed their desire to solar power plants on the lakes of 12 dams
00:04:07in the basin. The list includes dams distributed across
00:04:11the provinces of Kenitra, Khemisset, Ouazzane, Moulay Yaacoub, Sefrou,
00:04:14Taza,
00:04:15matters that will make these and Taounate.
00:04:20The idea is based on installing floating solar panels
00:04:23over parts of the water surfaces, which allows
00:04:27expressed their desire to for electricity production and at
00:04:30the same time benefits from reducing water
00:04:32evaporation. Initial
00:04:39a positive vote the scale and duration project data indicate the possibility of reducing evaporation
00:04:42by a percentage ranging between 50% and 70% depending on the
00:04:46coverage rate of each dam's
00:04:47surface. The study
00:04:50will first focus on identifying the most suitable
00:04:53locations, then evaluating the technical, energy,
00:04:56economic, and environmental feasibility before identifying priority
00:05:00projects and their funding models. The project
00:05:03But you have an opposition today thus combines two goals: producing renewable energy and reducing
00:05:07water loss due to
00:05:09evaporation.
00:05:18In northern Greece, Lake Koronia has transformed from one
00:05:23the country into limited water areas surrounded
00:05:27by cracked
00:05:28lands.
00:05:32Satellite data reveals that the lake's area
00:05:35has shrunk from
00:05:3734.4 square kilometers in
00:05:402016 to only 2.7 square kilometers
00:05:44currently, meaning that the lake has lost approximately
00:05:4892% of its area within one
00:05:51decade.
00:05:55This decline is linked to a set of factors, including
00:05:59a decrease in rainfall and an increase in temperatures,
00:06:02in addition to water withdrawal for irrigation
00:06:05purposes.
00:06:14the region is currently about 400 millimeters, which is
00:06:18about 150 millimeters less compared to
00:06:22previous decades.
00:06:25In contrast, the rise in temperature led to an
00:06:29increase in evaporation ranging between 100 and
00:06:32150 millimeters
00:06:33annually.
00:06:36The lake was home to migratory birds
00:06:39and a source of agricultural and tourist activities.
00:06:43However, its shrinking area now threatens the ecosystem
00:06:47and related activities. Koronia provides
00:06:50a clear example of the interaction of three
00:06:53factors: drought,
00:07:16On the Indonesian island of Borneo, residents
00:07:18are facing a dual crisis: water scarcity on one
00:07:21hand, and peatland fires on the other.
00:07:24اخرى
00:07:30The region is experiencing severe drought linked to the intensification
00:07:34of El Niño, which has led to a decline in water levels in rivers
00:07:37and local sources on which residents depend.
00:07:40In some villages, residents have been forced
00:07:43to buy bottled water after nearby water sources dried up.
00:07:47The danger of the fires is exacerbated
00:07:51by the peatlands, which have been subjected to drainage and degradation
00:07:54for decades, especially as a result of converting
00:07:57parts of them into agricultural
00:07:59land. When
00:08:06these lands dry out, they become more
00:08:09susceptible to ignition, while fires can continue
00:08:13within the peat layers and become
00:08:16extinguish.
00:08:20The smoke from the fires has also led to a deterioration
00:08:24in air quality, with its effects reaching areas in Malaysia
00:08:27and the Philippines.
00:08:31Three factors interact in this crisis:
00:08:34drought, the degradation of peatlands, and fires,
00:08:38which makes water scarcity itself an obstacle that complicates
00:08:41the firefighting process.
00:08:55The United Nations Environment Programme warns that the world
00:08:59will soon exceed the 1.5 degree Celsius
00:09:02threshold above pre-industrial levels in the coming
00:09:06years. The UN
00:09:09report indicates that the continuation of current climate policies
00:09:13could push the average global temperature to
00:09:16about 2.6 degrees Celsius by the end
00:09:20of the century.
00:09:26This increase means a planned increase in heat
00:09:29waves, droughts, floods, and forest fires,
00:09:33in addition to the exacerbation of sea
00:09:35level rise.
00:09:38The report stresses that exceeding the threshold of
00:09:43not only makes it impossible to return to it,
00:09:46but also makes faster action crucial to limit
00:09:50of this overshoot.
00:09:54The United Nations calls for accelerated greenhouse
00:09:57gas emissions, emphasizing that every additional fraction of a degree
00:10:00of warming increases long-term climate risks.
00:10:04Good
00:10:45evening, dear viewers, and welcome to a new episode
00:10:49and a new look of your program, Moroccan
00:10:52Meeting. The elections have ended
00:10:56one phase and opened another. After His Majesty
00:10:59King Mohammed VI, may God grant him victory, entrusted
00:11:03Mrs. Fatima Zahra Mansouri with forming the government, attention
00:11:06is focused on one question: who will form
00:11:09the majority and on what basis?
00:11:13does not grant the Authenticity and Modernity Party,
00:11:16which is in the lead, the ability to form
00:11:19a government alone, which makes alliances for the next
00:11:22phase and away from calculations. The next
00:11:25government has files that cannot be postponed: employment, wages,
00:11:29housing, health, and continuing the social state projects.
00:11:33Above all, the challenge
00:11:36in the promises they heard during the election campaign.
00:11:39Alliances, challenges, and stakes are what we discuss
00:11:43in this episode with our guest, Professor Badr Al-Azraq, a university professor
00:11:47at Hassan II University in Casablanca and an expert in business
00:11:51law and economics. Welcome, Professor Azraq. Hello, and thank you for the invitation.
00:11:55I am very happy to have you with me in this episode. So,
00:11:58first, we followed the first round of consultations that
00:12:02Mrs. Fatima Zahra Mansouri, the appointed Prime
00:12:05Minister, held. She received a large number of parties, with the exception
00:12:08of the Justice and Development Party and the Left Alliance.
00:12:11So, with an initial reading, how did you read this
00:12:15round? First, I believe
00:12:18that since the announcement of the election
00:12:22results and the Authenticity and Modernity Party leading
00:12:26has been drawn up, differentiating between who will
00:12:30go to the opposition and who will be
00:12:33a candidate to join this anticipated government. I believe
00:12:37the first one who had the initiative to announce joining
00:12:40the opposition was the Justice and Development Party, and therefore
00:12:43he eliminated any doubt that he would not meet with this government,
00:12:47despite the number of seats he obtained, which, I believe,
00:12:50made him the fourth political force
00:12:53today. Then, the Left Alliance
00:12:56with eight seats announced in turn that it would
00:13:00not join the next government, even
00:13:03in the consultations. Therefore, there were clear
00:13:06choices, and thus the scenarios began to be drawn
00:13:09based on the consultations held
00:13:12by Mrs. Mansouri, from receiving the Istiqlal Party
00:13:15to receiving
00:13:18Mr. Shawki, the representative of the National Rally of Independents, to receiving
00:13:22the rest of the parties: the Socialist Union, the Socialist Progress, the Popular
00:13:26Movement, and others, as well as the Constitutional Party. So, here
00:13:29a set of scenarios was drawn up. The first scenario, which is still
00:13:33expected to be the first possible scenario
00:13:36to be realized, despite what we will
00:13:40talk about later, because we are talking about the formation,
00:13:43will be headed by the Authenticity
00:13:46and Modernity Party, then the National Rally of Independents, then the Istiqlal
00:13:49Party, and the door will be open for one of the left-wing
00:13:53components to join, either the Socialist Union or the Progress Party,
00:13:56as well as centrist components, the Popular Movement or the Constitutional Union. Thus, we will have a formation
00:14:00consisting of five parties from different
00:14:03spectrums, with a political dimension and a technocratic dimension present. Therefore, this formation
00:14:07is likely to give the Authenticity and Modernity
00:14:11Party an absolute and comfortable
00:14:13majority, even above 285. Before we reach
00:14:16this numerical approach and the number of seats
00:14:21the next coalition,
00:14:25in an initial reading, most of the parties that Mrs. Fatima
00:14:30participate in this upcoming
00:14:33government. Does this make the negotiations for forming this coalition easy
00:14:37negotiations, or are there hidden
00:14:40negotiations not as they appear? There is an easy
00:14:44part, which is that most of the parties
00:14:46that
00:14:49obtained seats in parliament
00:14:52join the government. Therefore, if we compare
00:14:55it to other periods, especially the Justice and Development government
00:14:59with Mr. Abdelilah Benkirane, there was something called the bloc, meaning the issue
00:15:02of joining the government was problematic. Today, this issue
00:15:05has been overcome. The second part is the most difficult: choosing
00:15:09from among these components. The third part, which is the most difficult,
00:15:12is the distribution of government portfolios among these parties and these
00:15:16components. What is also beyond that is
00:15:19the coordination among them during the period of government work. So, the easiest
00:15:23part has been overcome, but there are still obstacles today facing Mrs.
00:15:26Mansouri. Are these components today consistent
00:15:29with each other? We have components today that have been in opposition
00:15:33for years and will join the government. They will join parties
00:15:37for years.
00:15:39No, this is a scenario. So, the issue of accepting the government
00:15:43coalition, even the major powers today, for example, the Istiqlal
00:15:47Party, if it is confirmed that it will be a member
00:15:50of this government, should be taken into consideration. It will also
00:15:53agree to the presence of other components in the government, because the issue
00:15:56of the government began to resolve some matters, meaning
00:16:00that the Istiqlal Party rejects
00:16:03in the issue. We said the issue of post-consultation is the issue of acceptance.
00:16:07Participating in the government is easy and has been overcome. The second issue is,
00:16:11first, are all components the same formation?
00:16:15This question arises today, and here
00:16:17the role will
00:16:21in coordinating and choosing who will board the government's ship
00:16:25today. Will it be the first scenario we talked about, or will it be another
00:16:28scenario that will exclude the National Rally of Independents? Here,
00:16:32at this point, we might point out something that was
00:16:36heavily discussed, which is the animosity and dispute that
00:16:39emerged before the election campaign and continued during
00:16:43the election campaign, and which involved a certain ferocity
00:16:47animosity. So, with
00:16:49what has started, can we find the National
00:16:52Rally of Independents and the Authenticity and Modernity Party in the same coalition
00:16:56in the future? We are facing two different contexts:
00:16:59the context of the elections and the context of government
00:17:02formation, and each context adheres to
00:17:06a set of rules. First, when we talk about the end of the government's
00:17:09term and also the beginning of the election
00:17:13campaign, we are talking about each component of the government
00:17:16coalition trying to tip the scales
00:17:20another, even if it means attacking the other party. We saw
00:17:24before we talked about the Authenticity and Modernity Party, which raised a set of issues, including the issue of corruption,
00:17:28we are talking about the Istiqlal Party, which was the first to raise a set of issues,
00:17:32primarily the issue of corruption, and consequently, the Authenticity
00:17:35and Modernity Party followed suit, and this was understandable, because
00:17:39today everyone wanted to influence public opinion
00:17:44votes, whether what was said was true
00:17:47or not, because the issue of talking about
00:17:50the issue of support, the issue of corruption, etc., requires
00:17:54investigation committees, and today there is a parliamentary investigation committee in this regard, and we await its results.
00:17:57Therefore, we cannot say that those are absolute facts, despite
00:18:01the fact that a set of data confirms a set of things,
00:18:04but today we are in
00:18:08to influence voters to get their votes, but rather the goal
00:18:10has become to form a government coalition that enjoys
00:18:14an absolute majority in the face of an opposition
00:18:17that appears to be fierce and organized. Therefore, since
00:18:21you raised the issue of the opposition, I might have addressed it
00:18:24in the course of my speech, but since you raised this point, should the next
00:18:28government really fear a strong opposition? Yes, absolutely.
00:18:32Today, because the two poles of the opposition are still not
00:18:35Sheikh's conservative current nor
00:18:46the election campaign, and therefore more
00:18:48knowledgeable about what needs to be done during the next term,
00:18:51but rather today, for the first time in the history
00:18:55of Morocco, the government was threatened with overthrow before
00:18:58its formation, and this is a precedent in the history of elections and in the history
00:19:01of government practice in Morocco. So, the opposition
00:19:05announced, and there was even a break
00:19:07until the event, because the context shows that there will be a fierce opposition,
00:19:11even without threats. Even the refusal of the Justice
00:19:14and Development Party to enter into a meeting other than a meeting with the Authenticity
00:19:18and Modernity Party and the Left, this also happened here.
00:19:21These indicators suggest that the opposition,
00:19:24even if today we are talking about a conservative current and a leftist
00:19:28current, and that there are fundamental ideological differences, this does not negate
00:19:32that there may be pragmatic alliances to deal with a set of
00:19:35issues in confronting the government. So, today, the government,
00:19:39of course, that will be formed under the leadership of Mrs. Mansouri
00:19:43takes this into account, and therefore, even in forming
00:19:45its future blocs, it takes this into account, and therefore
00:19:49it needs a solid numerical
00:19:51base. There is a withdrawal from
00:19:53the governments that the constitution gave
00:19:57to the opposition, meaning motions of no confidence or real investigation committees. Numerically,
00:20:00a motion of no confidence requires a fifth, meaning this
00:20:03is easy to achieve now, meaning numerically,
00:20:07of course. Therefore, as I said, the appointed Prime
00:20:10Minister, when moving, must take into account what the opposition
00:20:14will also produce. Of course, because we said that today the opposition
00:20:18in the government whose term has ended,
00:20:21meaning the issue of the opposition was not strongly present. We said that it was
00:20:24a privilege that the opposition was weak, even the party whose voice
00:20:28was heard had 13 seats, meaning it did not constitute a numerical
00:20:31force to pressure, other than the aspect of opposition
00:20:33and raising issues only. Therefore, this did not bother the government
00:20:37or affect it in one way or another.
00:20:41that can mobilize about 60 or 70 seats. Yes,
00:20:45and if
00:20:47the Authenticity Party leaves, if the National Rally of Independents
00:20:51is no longer in the government, these 67 seats will be added to
00:20:5470 seats, and you will have 150 or 160
00:20:57seats all together. The investigation committee needs a third, which is 132
00:21:01seats, approximately. And the government today is moving to the new
00:21:04government with open files from the old government, because
00:21:08the investigation committee has not yet given us data regarding
00:21:11the issue of corruption. Therefore, the opposition has ready files, and therefore today
00:21:15the government must be ready from day one
00:21:18to receive blows from the opposition,
00:21:22governmental structure must be solid from the numerical
00:21:27neither the motion of no confidence nor the investigation committee can
00:21:30undermine this governmental cohesion, and at the same time, it
00:21:34must have the ability to confront, so that its voice is louder than the voice of the opposition,
00:21:38and therefore, for its voice to be louder than the voice of the opposition, it will require a political
00:21:41presence rather than a technocratic presence in the next government. Yes,
00:21:45so, as you mentioned at the beginning of your speech,
00:21:48the closest scenario is the continuation of the same government coalition,
00:21:52perhaps with the addition of a leftist party
00:21:56or a movement.
00:22:00In an initial reading of the election results, the previous government
00:22:03coalition remained in the lead in general, meaning
00:22:07it retained the lead. So, can
00:22:10from the voters for this government
00:22:14on the other hand, for those who read that the National
00:22:19the previous government coalition, perhaps suffered a punitive
00:22:22vote, meaning it lost
00:22:25almost a third of its seats,
00:22:29and therefore it is a kind of punishment, and therefore logically,
00:22:32perhaps, should it be or not be,
00:22:36considering the election results at this
00:22:39point, meaning the issue of classification? Is there
00:22:42an endorsement for the government, the government
00:22:46coalition, or is there a punitive vote? Now, excuse me, I will say
00:22:52that we will start with a mathematical operation.
00:22:55First, the endorsement
00:22:58is indeed because today the previous
00:23:01government bloc, or the one whose term has ended,
00:23:05did not lose a large number of seats to the point
00:23:08of falling in the ranking. There was a slight adjustment
00:23:12in the ranking within, but two parties within the government
00:23:16formations were endorsed and held important portfolios within the government formation, and the Authenticity
00:23:21and Modernity Party. This is a comparison of the endorsement
00:23:25of the Istiqlal Party, which also remained in third place and did
00:23:28not change much in terms of seats.
00:23:31As for the aspect of punishment, I can tell you that it was there, but
00:23:35it was a partial punishment, because today the party
00:23:38that is held responsible for the loss of seats is the National Rally of Independents.
00:23:42Here, they say, meaning those who go in this direction say that
00:23:46the head of the government is always the one who suffers the biggest
00:23:49blow. If he was leading the coalition, it was not a fatal blow, and the party
00:23:53retained part of its strength. It lost a third, but this third is
00:23:57seats that moved from it to another
00:24:00party. Yes, this is another reading, and therefore here it will appear
00:24:04that even the punitive vote was present, and we cannot deny it, because
00:24:07some citizens were not convinced by the results of the government,
00:24:09especially this point. How can we,
00:24:13on the other hand, read the return of the Justice and Development Party
00:24:16from far behind, from 13 seats, while it was practicing strong
00:24:20opposition against the National Rally of Independents? Therefore, this kind
00:24:23of return is a vote in exchange for
00:24:27punishment, in quotation marks, if we consider it a punishment
00:24:28for the Progress Party.
00:24:31We said that it was a partial punitive vote, and we will continue
00:24:34this narrative. From the voting electorate, they chose to give their votes
00:24:37to the Justice and Development Party, but where, when we look
00:24:41at the electoral map and the distribution of voters in Morocco, we see that the most important
00:24:45centers where the Justice Party was able to return are the cities. Yes, the demands
00:24:48of city residents were linked to a set of government
00:24:52policies that were the subject of a set of
00:24:55questions and a strong opposition discourse, especially
00:24:59from the Justice and Development Party. The issues of support,
00:25:02the issues of demolition, especially at the level of redeveloping
00:25:05a set of cities where leftist deputies were present, because even
00:25:09reading the return of the conservative current
00:25:12and the return of the left must also be read at two levels, not just the major
00:25:16public policies of states, but also at the level of daily presence on a set
00:25:20of issues: the redevelopment of the city of Rabat and Casablanca, etc. Therefore, there was
00:25:24great communication with city residents and residents of a set of city
00:25:26areas, and therefore there was
00:25:29because they played a role in the opposition, even if the left
00:25:33had two deputies and the Justice and Development Party had only 13
00:25:36deputies, but they were able to make their voice heard loudly
00:25:40enough to convince a segment of city residents to vote
00:25:44for them. Therefore, this is the logical explanation for the issue
00:25:48of the return of the Justice
00:25:50and Development Party's name. Moreover, for the first time today, the Left
00:25:54Alliance also has eight seats, and when we look at the nature of
00:25:58the voters, they all belong to urban areas. But here we must ask
00:26:02whether we are witnessing a change in even the centers of gravity,
00:26:05because in the past, the center of gravity for voting was the countryside, the village.
00:26:09Today, in 2024, there was a national census that
00:26:12showed us that for the first time, a demographic reversal occurred,
00:26:16and the city today demographically constitutes the majority of Morocco's
00:26:19population. Therefore, can we talk from now on about political
00:26:23parties needing to pay more attention to the city
00:26:27at the expense of the countryside, whose voting bloc is declining? This will
00:26:31lead to a change in a set
00:26:33of things within these parties, their ideological references, their
00:26:37discourse and communication methods, and their programs and promises. So, today we are facing a soft
00:26:41revolution that parties that noticed it
00:26:44The first parties that exploited it successfully were the parties that were in opposition
00:26:48during the outgoing term, led by the Left Alliance and the Justice and Development Party.
00:26:52Yes, regarding the scenarios, there is also another
00:26:55scenario that is being widely discussed, which is that if the National
00:26:58Rally of Independents is absent
00:27:05from the government coalition, to what extent is this scenario considered realistic? It is a scenario
00:27:09that is achievable. I give it about 50% for
00:27:12both scenarios. Yes, because even maintaining
00:27:15the National Rally of Independents
00:27:19government has a price. It has a price.
00:27:22The party bloc will pay for it later, especially
00:27:26since there are citizens who are still not convinced by the results
00:27:29Yes, but
00:27:32also the issue of only relying on
00:27:35the national bloc or the historical
00:27:39bloc will also be a guarantee, because this bloc numerically will not
00:27:43give you the same number that you would have if you had the National Rally of Independents.
00:27:47This is the first risk. The second risk is the issue
00:27:50of coordination between this bloc and the distribution of portfolios
00:27:54and satisfying the components of this bloc. This work will not
00:27:57only be for the first moment after which we will announce the birth
00:28:01of the government. This will continue with me throughout this government,
00:28:04and therefore the issue of fragmentation will make the upcoming government