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00:00:05Long live technology, how can we harness technology? It went very
00:00:09slowly. Do you want to come down? I'll go. It even went to space. Thank you very much.
00:00:13I appreciate it. Thanks for coming to Houston. Are we ready for
00:00:17the latest advancements in artificial intelligence? What if
00:00:20AI doesn't dismount you? I said we broke
00:00:24it. From here, the
00:00:27original size of this detector is obvious.
00:00:43Or protect our planet. The whole place here
00:00:46looks like the planet Mars. Click every week on BBC Farsi.
00:00:50And now on BBC
00:00:59Farsi TV, a documentary.
00:01:23Welcome to Global Eyes. Every week, from a different point
00:01:27in the world, we broadcast a selection of the best reports from
00:01:30the BBC World Service for you. I am Sami
00:01:34Awami, BBC Africa correspondent. Two weeks
00:01:37ago, I was dispatched to Madagascar to report, where
00:01:41the anger and frustration of Generation Z has fueled political
00:01:45unrest. In this program, I will explain these developments
00:01:48and their importance. Of course,
00:01:52Madagascar is not the only country grappling with protests.
00:01:56All over the world, young people are demanding from their statesmen.
00:03:30It has been plagued by coups,
00:03:33setbacks. The recent
00:03:36protests initially began due to widespread power outages and water
00:03:40shortages. But it quickly turned into a broader
00:03:44تری از رهبری کشور به دلیل بیکاری و نحوه مدیریت
00:03:47We
00:03:51don't regularly have electricity and water. When Malagasy children
00:03:54have to study in the dark, what will be the future of this country? That
00:03:58Madagascar has left.
00:05:00He has left the country and gone. The President
00:05:03of the country's Senate is also not there because I dismissed
00:05:07him. We have a Prime Minister without
00:05:10a government. So who is running the country?
00:05:13For me, that's also
00:05:17the question. Complete chaos
00:05:20reigns. Really complete
00:05:23chaos. Since my conversation with him, Colonel
00:05:27Randra Nirina has been sworn in as the president of the new military government
00:05:30and has pledged to hold new elections within two
00:05:34years. For the second time in just over a
00:05:37month, youth-led protests have led to the overthrow
00:05:40of the government. This indicates a wave of discontent among
00:05:44Generation Z worldwide. In Nepal,
00:05:47protests against corruption led to a raid on parliament and the resignation of the prime minister,
00:05:51killing 70 people.
00:05:55The desire for
00:05:57rebellion has also grown strong in Madagascar. Young people
00:06:01have been inspired by youth movements around the world.
00:06:04Solidarity in the digital world has linked
00:06:08these seemingly scattered uprisings, from demands for education
00:06:11reform in Morocco to demonstrations against crime
00:06:15in Peru. Technology has
00:06:18fostered a common visual language: clenched
00:06:22fist emojis and flames,
00:06:25Manga characters, and comic book heroes
00:06:29who fight corrupt systems. These symbols
00:06:32have become tools for mobilization.
00:06:35Memes for resistance that know
00:06:37no borders.
00:06:41Generation Revolution.
00:07:13Documents and eyewitness accounts of the events have examined
00:07:17one of the key days of this revolution. We will see the report by Ridija about this.
00:07:35August 5, 2024.
00:07:37For weeks, demonstrations have been ongoing
00:07:41across Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Protesters are
00:07:45fleeing from barrages of bullets. They're shooting
00:07:48continuously. There's no time now. In the
00:07:51Jatrabari neighborhood, police are shooting indiscriminately,
00:07:55killing at least 52 people and injuring a
00:07:59large number. Using
00:08:02unseen footage, we uncover the accounts of police
00:08:05and protesters regarding these events and those responsible.
00:08:09We will get revenge for every drop
00:08:13of spilled blood.
00:08:14Bangladesh
00:08:21was under the rule of Sheikh Hasina and the Awami League
00:08:24party for 15
00:08:27years. Bangladesh always
00:08:30respects human rights.
00:08:33In my opinion, human
00:08:35rights mean people's security, the
00:08:39right to food, the right to vote, and the right.
00:09:12Mahmud coordinated these protests. Seeing
00:09:16the discriminatory nature of the quota system, I realized
00:09:19I might become a victim of this inequality and not be able to
00:09:23get a good job. People from everywhere joined
00:09:25us.
00:09:33The protests are met with violent police
00:09:36suppression.
00:09:39Communications are cut across the country.
00:09:42And the government orders the shutdown of internet
00:09:46services.
00:09:49The government wanted to suppress this movement at all
00:09:52costs. Bijoy, a young
00:09:55student, becomes one of the powerful voices of resistance.
00:09:59Our first plan was to unite
00:10:03everyone when the internet was cut off. Because
00:10:06widespread arrests were underway, and we had no idea where
00:10:10anyone was.
00:10:13I ordered them all to be arrested tonight. Everyone
00:10:16has been notified. Arrest them wherever you
00:10:20find them. Sheikh Hasina to the police
00:10:24and security forces.
00:11:37He and I used to see each other in the neighborhood
00:11:41all the time. His special quality was that he
00:11:44kept everyone together like a protector.
00:11:47That's why our friendship was very
00:11:50deep. We weren't just friends; we were like
00:11:54family. These two friends join the protest at one of
00:11:57the city's main intersections, which is protected by a
00:12:01large police station. When we arrived
00:12:03there, this place was full of
00:12:07people. It seemed like no one was
00:12:10scared.
00:12:12What follows is one of the worst instances
00:12:16of police brutality in Bangladesh's history. We
00:12:20gathered and analyzed hundreds of videos, photos, and
00:12:23eyewitness accounts.
00:12:55They are, the army arrives and stands between
00:12:58them and the police. The news
00:13:02was complicated, that Sheikh
00:13:05Hasina was going to resign, and
00:13:09the army commander might make a
00:13:12speech. The army informs Sheikh Hasina that
00:13:16it cannot prevent protesters from reaching her
00:13:19residence, and she flees by helicopter
00:13:23at 2:25 PM to a military
00:13:26airfield.
00:13:29Almost simultaneously, army vehicles begin
00:13:32leaving the area. But the forces are still
00:13:36stationed outside the police station. Miraj and
00:13:39Shavan move towards the station.
00:13:42We were standing there,
00:13:45watching, when suddenly
00:13:48either a gas capsule or a car tire
00:13:52exploded with a loud
00:13:56bang. They started
00:13:57running.
00:14:00But Miraj stays and records the scene of the
00:14:04army soldiers leaving the police station.
00:14:07A few seconds after the army's
00:14:10retreat, at 2:43 PM,
00:14:14police once again open fire.
00:14:17Miraj continues filming, and the
00:14:20last moments of his life are captured by his own
00:14:23camera.
00:14:29I saw Miraj lying among several
00:14:32other bodies.
00:14:33I couldn't
00:14:36control myself. He was next to me
00:14:39just moments before, and now he was
00:14:43gone. It was very
00:14:46sad.
00:14:50But for those who were still in the streets, the horror
00:14:53continues. At 3:27 PM,
00:14:57police retreat to a temporary army barracks, and some
00:15:00others flee in civilian clothes. Some
00:15:03officers are trapped inside the police
00:15:07station. As protesters enter the building,
00:15:11they set it on fire, and at least six officers are
00:15:15killed. Videos show that the army only
00:15:18watched during the shooting. Answer
00:15:21me, why did they shoot? How could so many
00:15:25people be killed before your eyes? Go see how many bodies
00:15:28are piled
00:15:29up.
00:15:44As the chaos subsided, one question remained: Who
00:15:48is responsible? The police officers we spoke
00:15:51to claimed they were merely following orders. We
00:15:55operate under a chain of command. Going beyond
00:15:59orders is not permitted.
00:16:03Abul Hasan, the head of the Jatrabari police station at the
00:16:06time.
00:16:37The protests were receiving orders from senior
00:16:39officers. One of them was Senior
00:16:43Detective Harun al-Rashid, who was
00:16:46seen commanding the police in Jatrabari in
00:16:50July. Previously, when we went forward, they would retreat,
00:16:54but we don't have enough
00:16:55shotgun shells.
00:16:59Dhaka Police Chief Habib al-Rahman was giving
00:17:02orders from the central headquarters.
00:17:04Hasina
00:17:37existed. Now I have given a public
00:17:41order. From now on, they will use
00:17:44lethal force. They will shoot wherever they find
00:17:47them. Her leadership and orders paved the way
00:17:50for this suppression. Sheikh Hasina is now
00:17:54in exile. But in Bangladesh, a court found
00:17:57her guilty of crimes against humanity
00:18:00and sentenced her to
00:18:04denies these accusations.
00:18:29With this thought, we comfort ourselves that my
00:18:32brother's sacrifice and blood helped
00:18:35the country.
00:19:07to achieve the justice it
00:19:09deserves.
00:19:13When I think about those events, tears
00:19:16well up.
00:19:19We lost so many brothers. We regained our independence,
00:19:23and I no longer feel afraid. The fear I had
00:19:26is completely gone. Now I feel more
00:19:29courageous.
00:20:37Young people using technology to launch large
00:20:40movements is nothing new. The Arab Spring
00:20:43and the Occupy Wall Street movement in the 2010s relied
00:20:47on Twitter for information. But for this generation,
00:20:50who grew up with smartphones and in quarantine, platforms
00:20:54like Instagram and TikTok are so much a part of their daily
00:20:58lives that they are considered a basic right, and governments'
00:21:01attempts to control and restrict access to them have been
00:21:05met with explosive reactions.
00:21:07And now
00:21:10we go to Indonesia and the northern coast of Java, where
00:21:13with land subsidence and the gradual advance of seawater inland,
00:21:17villages are rapidly disappearing. Experts warn
00:21:21that this climate crisis may affect the region by
00:21:242005. Aia Mandoni reports on how
00:21:28local people are coping with this situation while their livelihoods are disrupted
00:21:32and their homes are threatened.
00:21:33Along
00:21:42the northern coast of Java, the sea is engulfing
00:21:46villages. Java is Indonesia's most populous
00:21:50island. And home to more than half of the country's
00:21:52284 million people, it accounts
00:21:55for more than 55% of the country's economy.
00:21:58Ningsih
00:22:01has lived in Eretan Wetan her entire
00:22:04life.
00:22:06This once quiet fishing village has been abandoned
00:22:10after its neighborhoods were completely submerged.
00:22:13When I was
00:22:15young, before I got married, there was nothing
00:22:19like this. But over the years,
00:22:22things
00:22:28have gotten worse and worse. This
00:22:31village is one of several grappling with severe land
00:22:35subsidence caused by decades of excessive groundwater
00:22:39extraction. It has also been affected by rising
00:22:42sea levels for years. Ningsih has witnessed
00:22:46floods destroying roads, homes,
00:22:50and forcing many families to leave the area. Her
00:22:54family decided to stay. But this
00:22:57is what they face every day. When the
00:23:00high tide comes, the water rises
00:23:04this high. Everything goes underwater, even
00:23:07inside the rooms. It usually starts to rise
00:23:11around 1 or 2 PM and subsides around 3 or
00:23:154 AM. On the northern coast of Java, over 30 million
00:23:18people live in areas at risk of being submerged.
00:23:22Factories and industrial areas replaced mangrove forests and
00:23:26fish farms, accelerating a gradual catastrophe
00:23:30already exacerbated by climate change. Experts
00:23:34warn that by 2050, a large
00:23:37portion of these coasts may be submerged.
00:23:41The government is now building a massive
00:23:44defense system, including a 500-kilometer seawall
00:23:47and giant pumps to contain the sea. But
00:23:51critics say these measures may not be enough,
00:23:54especially with continued development and encroachment
00:23:57on coastal lands. Nearly 300 kilometers
00:24:01away from Ningsih's village, in the coastal city of
00:24:05Kendal, a man is trying to save his home from destruction
00:24:08due to erosion. Mangrove roots protect the coasts
00:24:12from erosion and storms, provide breeding grounds for
00:24:16fish and shrimp. Kendal has experienced
00:24:20the worst coastal erosion since around
00:24:232019. That was
00:24:26when we really felt the severe
00:24:29impact. Why did this happen? Then it became
00:24:33clear that the problem was land use
00:24:37change. Coastal areas were
00:24:40converted into industrial zones, and their land
00:24:43use changed. Factories and ports built
00:24:47in the Kendal industrial zone have long been accused
00:24:50of destroying coastal mangrove forests, a claim
00:24:53that officials deny. They say land subsidence was
00:24:57a serious problem long before the factories were
00:25:01built. But with the loss of natural barriers, the sea
00:25:05began to swallow the land.
00:25:07The government has rejected the claim that industrial
00:25:10areas are the root cause of the problem, stating that the subsidence
00:25:14of Java's coastal areas is largely a natural
00:25:17process. However, Wasito has seen this destruction
00:25:21firsthand and decided to act.
00:25:24We decided to plant mangroves there.
00:25:28When the first trees grew and gradually
00:25:31filled the surrounding area, the local people
00:25:35became excited and joined me. When
00:25:38I saw the trees grow and the sand stopped
00:25:42there, I realized these trees could block the
00:25:46waves and prevent erosion.
00:25:50Since 2006, Wasito and his neighbors have planted
00:25:54thousands of mangrove trees, creating a living wall
00:25:58to prevent the sea from advancing. This forest now stretches
00:26:01along the coast, protecting people's homes and livelihoods.
00:26:05But with further land development, the remaining
00:26:08mangrove areas are rapidly disappearing. If the
00:26:12entire coast becomes industrialized, the remaining
00:26:14protected areas will require special
00:26:18attention.
00:26:21Otherwise, the damage will not be limited
00:26:24to the
00:26:25coastline.
00:26:28As sea levels continue to rise and the consequences of
00:26:32climate change intensify, communities living on the subsiding
00:26:36coasts of Java are striving to protect their
00:26:39land.
00:26:42Thank you for joining me in Madagascar. We look
00:26:45forward to your comments about Global Eye. Write to us
00:26:49on social media with the hashtag #BBCGlobalEye.
00:26:53Next week, we will be with
00:30:22Top headlines.
00:30:25Most inbound and outbound flights to Saudi Arabia
00:30:28are canceled as Houthi attacks continue. A number
00:30:32of major oil companies are not
00:30:34attending the Riyadh energy conference.
00:30:41Continued Russian attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure
00:30:44despite claims of an agreement. Zelensky says
00:30:48that if Washington guarantees Moscow's commitment, an energy
00:30:51ceasefire will be a step towards peace.
00:30:55The world economy is struggling with AI growth and crisis.