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00:00:06sovereignty in
00:00:12This is France 24's America Direct.
00:00:15Next, an update on the most important news shaping the
00:00:18international agenda. I'm Daniel Ablandón Ramírez.
00:00:20Welcome.
00:00:23New cross-attacks between Russia and Ukraine. Kyiv
00:00:26says it has attacked two Russian refineries in
00:00:30its second largest drone offensive since the beginning of the war in Moscow,
00:00:33several casualties are reported due to air attacks against the cities of
00:00:37Harkrif and Sumy.
00:00:39Last day of peace negotiations between Israel and Lebanon in
00:00:43Rome, while Tel Aviv intensifies its offensive
00:00:46and reports its first military casualty in a month. Benjamin
00:00:50Netanyahu's government justifies its attacks on an alleged
00:00:53violation of the ceasefire by Hezbollah. We have
00:00:57reports from Beirut.
00:01:00More than 1,800 deaths and nearly 4 confirmed
00:01:03cases are the latest figures released by
00:01:07the Democratic Republic of Congo on Ebola. Health
00:01:10difficulties continue to hinder the response to the
00:01:13outbreak amid protests from health personnel demanding
00:01:17payment of their salaries.
00:01:33We begin by talking about the war between Russia and Ukraine, which is
00:01:36intensifying with Kyiv launching its second largest drone
00:01:40attack since the beginning of the conflict in February 2022,
00:01:44but without enough means to shoot down Russian missiles, as
00:01:48warned by President Volodimir Zelensky, who
00:01:51continues to ask for more military aid from the United States. At least six people
00:01:55died in Ukraine during the night from Wednesday to Thursday in air
00:01:59attacks against the cities of Kharkiv and Sumy. For its
00:02:02part, Russian authorities reported that Ukrainian kamikaze
00:02:06drones killed two civilians and wounded five others in
00:02:10the border region of Bryansk. Let's see.
00:02:14After more than 20 hours of searching, Ukrainian rescue teams
00:02:17pull a body from the rubble. A civilian has
00:02:21died in a Russian attack perpetrated the previous day against this
00:02:24building in Kramatorsk. Given the multiplication of Russian attacks, the
00:02:28authorities of this city, in the Donetsk region in eastern
00:02:31Ukraine, ordered the evacuation of some 500 children and their families
00:02:3625% is from who still lived in the city. Also in the
00:02:38Kyiv region, attacks are becoming more numerous and
00:02:42deadly. Along this railway, railway workers
00:02:45remove one by one the bodies of the victims of the offensive
00:02:49against a busy station 30 km from the capital.
00:02:53A neighbor recounts a night of
00:02:55horror.
00:03:00Everything was deafening, and since the air raid alert was still in effect, I didn't
00:03:03dare to look around. Then there were explosions,
00:03:07collapsing buildings and a lot
00:03:10School of Earth Sciences of of smoke. There's a train station nearby, and soon I saw people covered in blood
00:03:14running down the
00:03:15street.
00:03:19According to the Ukrainian Air Force,
00:03:22Pérez, the director of Russia launched 115 long-range drones and 28
00:03:25but only 98 drones could
00:03:28be neutralized. Ukrainian
00:03:30anti-aircraft defenses failed to intercept any of
00:03:34the missiles. Zelensky attributes this
00:03:36engineering of weakness to delays in the delivery of missile
00:03:40interceptors planned for
00:03:412025.
00:03:44Ukraine has started receiving approximately three times fewer
00:03:48The city itself is divided, and this is what anti-ballistic missiles to defend our state. This situation is
00:03:51mainly related to the
00:03:53also Juárez for the end of war, or as it is now correct to say, to the hostilities and wars in the Middle
00:03:59evidently continues to act there, and that is what East. Last week, Zelensky returned to
00:04:02Washington to try to convince Donald Trump to
00:04:06supply him with Patriot missiles, the only ones capable of intercepting the most
00:04:09advanced Russian missiles. But according to the
00:04:12Financial Times, Trump rejected this request due to the
00:04:15scarcity of Patriots in US reserves since the
00:04:19beginning of the war in the Middle East.
00:04:23Now we update information on Lebanon. Israel continues
00:04:26to attack the south of the country, with at least eight wounded on Thursday
00:04:30alone, while reporting two military casualties
00:04:34on Wednesday, the first in more than a month.
00:04:37Simultaneously in Rome, the last round of the
00:04:41new peace negotiations concluded with the mediation of
00:04:44the United States. On the ground is Etel Bonet, our correspondent in
00:04:48Beirut, with whom we establish communication at this time. Etel, good
00:04:51afternoon to you. What progress can be highlighted from this 3-day
00:04:55round of negotiations, in which, however, it is worth
00:04:58remembering that it does not participate, which is one of the key players in
00:05:02this conflict?
00:05:06Yes, good afternoon. The truth is that there has been progress, but it is very
00:05:10slow. In this case, three working groups have been created,
00:05:14one military, one diplomatic and the other
00:05:17legal, where the most obstacles have
00:05:21evidently been in the military where they are talking about those
00:05:24pilot zones that began to be implemented a couple of weeks ago in three
00:05:28localities in southern Lebanon and that these are
00:05:32eh Zautaral Garbella, Frat and Srifa and
00:05:35it is being a quite long process where there has been that first deployment of Lebanese
00:05:39troops and an alleged withdrawal in
00:05:43this case of Israeli troops. In this case, in these new conversations, they wanted
00:05:47to have expanded those pilot zones to two other zones, among
00:05:50them Hiam and Benjebel, which are two of Hezbollah's strongholds.
00:05:54This was also a bit to demonstrate that the Lebanese
00:05:57army can deploy in an area where there was a lot of force, and
00:06:01from Hezbollah and where there would surely be weapons and ammunition and they
00:06:05would carry out that withdrawal of those weapons and ammunition because it must be remembered
00:06:09that the ultimate goal of these conversations is that there be
00:06:12disarmament by Hezbollah. This also wanted Lebanon itself
00:06:16to be a test to demonstrate that they were capable, but the truth is
00:06:20that for the moment, the Israeli side does not want those
00:06:23pilot zones to advance, but rather that Hezbollah's
00:06:27weapons be dismantled in those three zones that I have already
00:06:30mentioned. And for this, the problem is that
00:06:34a verification mechanism is needed in which three
00:06:38countries act: Israel, Lebanon and a
00:06:41third country because the United States does not want to be present
00:06:45in southern Lebanon. So they were debating which
00:06:48country this third country could be, and it seems in any case that it will be
00:06:52Italy, because precisely France, which had also said
00:06:55that they wanted to participate, Israel did not want France to
00:06:59be part of this committee, so it will surely
00:07:02be Italy. Regarding the last part, which is the judicial part, the
00:07:06exchange of prisoners was discussed. Etel, this
00:07:09is what is being discussed at the negotiating table, but how is the situation on the
00:07:13ground? What can be said about that alleged ceasefire?
00:07:16fuego,
00:07:23Yes,
00:07:25eh, well, in this case, we are talking about the fact that yes,
00:07:29there have evidently been quite
00:07:31a lot of, I don't know if you can hear me well because I have had
00:07:35problems hearing you, but we are talking about the fact that yes, evidently,
00:07:39there have been many ceasefire violations, both by
00:07:42Israel and by Hezbollah, and especially yesterday was one of the most
00:07:46difficult days since that framework agreement came into
00:07:50force at the end of June. And in this case, it was
00:07:53precisely because there were some
00:07:57explosives that had been placed by Hezbollah,
00:08:01and then there was a patrol of the Israeli army, and
00:08:04two Israeli soldiers died and eight
00:08:07were wounded. This is being investigated because Israel does not
00:08:11know if those explosives were planted
00:08:14during this truce period, during this ceasefire period, or were
00:08:18planted previously. We are also talking about a very
00:08:21conflictive area, Mansouri. In Mansouri, precisely
00:08:24yesterday, after there were those deaths, those Israeli
00:08:28casualties, Israel asked that, after weeks
00:08:32without evacuation orders, there be an evacuation of civilians
00:08:36from this locality, who had to go to other areas of the Tyre
00:08:39region. This also caused several,
00:08:43eh, what was the Israeli army carried out
00:08:46air attacks, and we also talk about one
00:08:50dead and wounded yesterday. This is also very important because Mansouri
00:08:54is a locality that is precisely divided
00:08:57between what is the yellow line.
00:09:01Israel considers, right, that the entire locality is under its
00:09:04control, and that is why there are always problems in this
00:09:08place because Hezbollah
00:09:12is being seen, if these explosives that had
00:09:14been planted and that attacked and killed these Israeli
00:09:18soldiers were placed before or after the truce.
00:09:21Israel has also dynamited other areas of southern
00:09:25Lebanon today, especially what is the Zautar Al Sharqia area,
00:09:28which is one of the pilot zones, the pilot zones that we
00:09:32mentioned before, which is Zautar Al Garbia, well, in Zauta Al Sharqia,
00:09:35they are dynamiting every day. Israel, in this case, alleges that
00:09:39there is a lot of Hezbollah underground infrastructure, and
00:09:43that is why they are dynamiting all the
00:09:46localities in southern Lebanon that are under that yellow line. Well, thank
00:09:50you very much. That was Esther Bonet, reporting
00:09:53from the Lebanese capital. Oil gains more than
00:09:561% and gold is trading at its highest level in 7
00:10:00weeks amid expectations of a possible agreement that would allow
00:10:03the flow of ships through the Strait of Hormuz to resume.
00:10:07Iran and Oman announced on Wednesday an agreement on the
00:10:11geographical coordinates of a maritime route through
00:10:14this important waterway. However, a broader pact that
00:10:18involves its reopening is still under negotiation. From the White House,
00:10:22President Donald Trump insisted that the signing
00:10:26of an agreement is imminent, but again warned that he would deal
00:10:30heavy blows to the Islamic republic if the
00:10:32talks failed.
00:10:35Let's go to the Democratic Republic of Congo. The government of the
00:10:39African country raised the number of deaths to 1801,
00:10:42from what is already considered the second largest Ebola outbreak in history,
00:10:46with a fatality rate close to
00:10:4950%. Meanwhile, the World Health Organization calls for an
00:10:52intensification of the response. On the ground,
00:10:55doctors and health personnel denounce their working conditions.
00:10:59Specifically, they claim that the state has not paid them since the beginning of the
00:11:02crisis, despite a previous strike. Let's see the
00:11:06report. Every day, the same
00:11:10ritual. Wiza Bondeles puts on her protective suit and her
00:11:13disinfection equipment, before entering a house whose
00:11:16occupants have died from the Ebola
00:11:19virus. Essential measures to try
00:11:23to stop the spread of the virus that continues to plague the
00:11:26country. However, since the beginning of his mission
00:11:29in mid-May, Wis has not yet received his
00:11:32salary. In July, he joined other health
00:11:36workers to
00:11:37strike.
00:11:40We went on strike because we realized that we work in
00:11:43dangerous conditions and we gave our all. We
00:11:47face risky situations. A
00:11:51patient might vomit blood, so we have to clean it up.
00:11:56In July, the Congolese Minister of Health acknowledged the payment
00:12:00delays attributed to organizational problems and
00:12:03assured that they would be resolved quickly. Since
00:12:06then, some of his colleagues have been
00:12:09paid, but only in part, according to Wiza. He claims that
00:12:12he has not yet received anything. However, he continues to work seven
00:12:16days a week, despite the risks he
00:12:19exposes himself to.
00:12:22I could contract this virus and subsequently infect
00:12:25my family, my
00:12:26neighbors,
00:21:01First, we would like to give an introduction on
00:21:05how much gas we consume, that is,
00:21:07on gas at the national level and
00:21:11eh, how much gas we consume and for what it is
00:21:13used. Eh, gas consumption in Mexico, as
00:21:17we all know, especially in
00:21:202025, is
00:21:23currently 9.1 billion
00:21:27cubic feet per day. Eh,
00:21:30how, how is this consumption distributed?
00:21:34Eh, 58% is in
00:21:38electricity, 19%
00:21:41is in self-consumption in Pemex,
00:21:44industry is 12% and
00:21:48households and commerce 11%. Eh,
00:21:5270% of electricity is generated with
00:21:55natural gas and as we know,
00:21:58natural gas is the main fuel for
00:22:01electricity generation, an alternative to coal,
00:22:05fuel oil, petroleum
00:22:08coke that produce greater polluting
00:22:11emissions. The next slide, please.
00:22:15How much gas do we consume and for what is
00:22:19it used? Without measures,
00:22:22natural gas consumption in Mexico
00:22:26eh could be projected, as I said,
00:22:29currently we have approximately
00:22:329.1 billion cubic feet per
00:22:35day, but if we project
00:22:37it without government
00:22:40measures to reduce demand at the national
00:22:43level, natural gas consumption would continue to grow
00:22:47for the coming years and, and let's see.
00:22:50for 2030, we would be at 10.8 billion cubic
00:22:54feet per day, this is a
00:22:57projection for 2030, next
00:23:00slide
00:23:03eh, and as we all know and that is why we are here
00:23:06today, Mexico
00:23:09imports most of the gas we
00:23:12consume, 75% of the gas consumed
00:23:15is imported from the United
00:23:19States. and
00:23:21only, we could say, only
00:23:26national production currently.
00:23:30Eh, since 2025, natural gas
00:23:33imports have increased year by year, and Mexico's
00:23:37high dependence on these imports
00:23:40compromises our energy sovereignty and security
00:23:44of the country.
00:23:48The import of gas could continue to increase in the coming
00:23:52years, making Mexico more dependent on
00:23:55external sources.
00:23:58Eh, the percentage of imports, we see here
00:24:01how it has increased, that is, what we have and what I presented
00:24:05a moment ago in the previous slides,
00:24:08has been growing over
00:24:11time. If we look at it from 2010, it was
00:24:1421% and currently we are at
00:24:1775%. The only thing we see is a slight
00:24:21decrease when we had the pandemic, but if we look at
00:24:24it, the increase has been growing
00:24:27over time. Next slide.
00:24:29What is the origin of the natural gas we
00:24:33import? Most of it, as
00:24:37we saw a moment ago, comes from
00:24:40unconventional reservoirs.
00:24:43Eh, these plays, these reservoirs
00:24:46are from the unconventional plays in the United
00:24:50States and eh
00:24:53they are mainly from the
00:24:56plays we have in the north of the country
00:24:59in the let's say, in the part
00:25:02of the non-conventional plays that
00:25:06are in Texas
00:25:09and in the
00:25:12eastern part
00:25:15of the United States, the
00:25:18next one.
00:25:20Most of the imported gas, as we said, comes
00:25:24from non-conventional plays, which is 93%
00:25:26of what we import,
00:25:30and here I'm going to stop
00:25:33for a moment because it is important that we see
00:25:37that these non-conventional
00:25:40deposits, which account for 93%, I
00:25:43repeat, and it is
00:25:466. That is, 6.3 billion
00:25:50cubic feet that we are importing,
00:25:53these are deposits
00:25:57that are trapped in rocks with very, very low
00:26:00permeability, excuse me. Technically, in rocks,
00:26:04in formations that have very low
00:26:07permeability, very low porosity,
00:26:11so that to
00:26:13exploit them requires special techniques for their
00:26:16extraction, and only 7%, there
00:26:20is the amount, are from conventional deposits
00:26:23that are from the deposits that
00:26:26are normally exploited in Mexico, and it is natural
00:26:30gas that is accumulated in porous
00:26:34and permeable rock deposits that simply flows
00:26:37when a well is drilled
00:26:41and that has the pressure of the
00:26:44deposits, the next one
00:26:46please.
00:26:49Eh, there are certain strategies that
00:26:52Mexico must promote to strengthen energy
00:26:56sovereignty and that
00:27:00we have been studying and that...
00:27:03we sent so that the increase of
00:27:07gas in Mexico
00:27:11can be strengthened. We are proposing four
00:27:14that are marked
00:27:17here. The first is to increase
00:27:20electricity generation with renewable
00:27:22energies. The second is to make
00:27:25increasingly efficient use of
00:27:29energy. The third is
00:27:32to increase the production of national fuels in
00:27:36conventional deposits and
00:27:38reduce gas flaring in oil
00:27:40fields, which is something I will explain now.
00:27:44Four is to protect the environment, next one
00:27:48please. Eh, these
00:27:50are suggestions and of course what the
00:27:54federal government has been doing, but
00:27:57explained a little more,
00:28:00and that we are proposing,
00:28:03eh, as part of the committee, the
00:28:06government must develop a plan to increase renewable electricity
00:28:09generation and efficient cogeneration.
00:28:13Recently, the government presented a plan to increase electricity generation
00:28:17through clean energy sources.
00:28:20Here, eh, regarding these studies, the
00:28:24increase in renewable electricity generation and
00:28:26cogeneration could yield up to 90
00:28:30TWh from 2024, which is 24%,
00:28:33and could reach 38% in
00:28:372030. The increase in renewable
00:28:40electricity generation plants and
00:28:43cogeneration could increase by up to 22
00:28:47MW of new clean
00:28:50capacity, which is very important because it means
00:28:53using renewable energies.
00:28:57Harnessing waste heat in industrial
00:28:59processes to generate electricity.
00:29:02Efficient cogeneration (1500 MW),
00:29:05which is also very important for the country.
00:29:08Next. Another very important point is that
00:29:12the government of Mexico must develop an energy
00:29:15efficiency plan to avoid
00:29:18greater consumption of natural gas.
00:29:21Eh, in this part,
00:29:24I believe it is the part
00:29:26of the potential for reducing
00:29:30natural gas consumption through efficiency measures.
00:29:32By 2030, Mexico can implement energy
00:29:36efficiency programs in industry, in large
00:29:39energy consumers, and in public administration
00:29:43buildings, municipal, state, and
00:29:46federal, by
00:29:48updating, strengthening, and creating energy efficiency
00:29:52standards for home appliances and
00:29:55industrial machinery. And here we could reach a
00:29:59reduction of 500 million cubic feet.
00:30:03This part is very, very important,
00:30:06as it could help with energy efficiency.
00:30:09Next. Another point not to
00:30:13forget, and although it may be
00:30:17something we saw that is very little in the United
00:30:20States, but in Mexico it is what we have
00:30:23experienced in the 70 years of the national
00:30:27oil industry, is Pemex must develop a plan to
00:30:31increase gas supply with conventional
00:30:34production, from what we have experienced all these years in the
00:30:37national oil industry, and
00:30:39avoid flaring that resource in oil
00:30:43fields. So, I think if we focus on
00:30:47this point, it is something
00:30:51that we could
00:30:53increase. According to calculations,
00:30:57it is up to 2,400 million cubic feet.