Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:18all living things coexist. Birds
00:00:22are an important component of the natural ecosystem.
00:00:25China's Wild Animal Protection
00:00:28Law.
00:00:47CCTV Great Wall Honor Brand.
00:02:02The history you can taste,
00:02:05453 years, Guojiao 1573.
00:02:19These shell middens, one by one, on the flat island, were discarded
00:02:23in one place by ancient people after eating meat more than 7,000
00:02:26years ago.
00:03:30After the tide receded, they greedily picked up shells. People moved with
00:03:34the tide, treating the sea as their field. This
00:03:38wisdom of survival, intertwined with the vast sea, has transcended time
00:03:41and endured
00:03:43until today.
00:03:48Pan Xuechun, a researcher at the Fujian Museum, has presided over archaeological surveys
00:03:52and excavations of prehistoric sites in Fujian
00:03:56many times. He most hoped to discover this kind of thing.
00:04:00One is a cave, a limestone cave, and the other is a shell
00:04:03mound near the sea. The information about human survival activities is most likely
00:04:07here.
00:04:13Limestone and shells, their main components are
00:04:17calcium carbonate. As a weakly alkaline compound,
00:04:21calcium carbonate can effectively neutralize soil
00:04:24acidity. And the loose
00:04:28structure formed by layers of stacked shells can play a buffering role.
00:04:42It has been preserved intact, becoming a code to decipher the life of prehistoric humans. Code.
00:04:46It covers all their
00:04:50production and living processes,
00:04:54which they considered no longer useful,
00:04:57including production tools, such as stone tools,
00:05:00bone tools, and shell tools. Through these
00:05:04shells and fish bones, we know what
00:05:08marine animals they ate.
00:05:10。
00:06:05Concentrated and distributed within an area of 7 kilometers long and 3 kilometers wide, they jointly form the Kaqiu Tou Yizhi Group, which is of concern to academic circles. From about 7,500 years ago to about 3,000 years ago,
00:06:09a time span of more than 4,500 years was left behind.
00:06:43A complete and continuous development of this oceanic civilization.
00:06:47The shells excavated from the Kaqiu Tou Yizhi Group
00:06:50have a fan shape, a claw shape,
00:06:54a spiral shape, and thousands of other shapes.
00:06:58They intuitively speak of the ancestors' reliance and love
00:07:02for this marine
00:07:04monk.
00:07:08More than 80% are mother oysters. In fact, the main ones are these. In addition, a small number
00:07:12are
00:07:14some
00:07:18clams and. From the Xiying Site about 7,500 years ago, to the Guishan Site
00:07:22about 3,000 years ago, archaeologists were surprised
00:07:26to find that the marine shellfish and fish populations in this sea
00:07:29area had hardly changed at all.
00:07:32After identification, there are up to 24
00:07:35species of mollusks
00:07:37here.
00:07:42This means that from seven or eight thousand years ago to the present, the key indicators
00:07:46such as water quality and temperature in the Pingtan sea area have not changed
00:07:50much. The
00:07:53ocean sometimes rages, sometimes ripples,
00:07:57but beneath its ever-changing face, its selfless
00:08:01generosity to humanity remains unchanged. Thousands of
00:08:04years ago, our ancestors survived by it, adapted
00:08:08to it. Day after day, they ate shellfish and discarded
00:08:12the shells that were left over. They were piled up in layers
00:08:16unintentionally, leaving behind information about their living years. Through the size
00:08:19of the shells in different layers, archaeologists can also decipher
00:08:23many details. We can see a very interesting phenomenon, which
00:08:26is that the further down the shell mound,
00:08:30the larger the size of the oysters. And the further up
00:08:34the shell mound, the smaller the size of the oysters in the upper part.
00:08:38This vividly tells us that people are getting more and more numerous. At the beginning,
00:09:09this also provides a basis for the information judgment of the shells unearthed from the Kaqiu Tou Yizhi Group. basis.
00:09:34However, in the selection of these easily accessible foods, the ancestors on Pingtan Island also formed their own unique taste
00:09:38preferences.
00:09:41This is
00:09:45marine food is an important source of food for survival.
00:09:52And the various stone tools that are indispensable in the daily life of the ancestors also show the marine charm.
00:10:00These are all
00:10:03basically these volcanoes from our local island, which were found on the coast of our island.
00:10:13Adze is a widely
00:10:17existing type of stone tool in the prehistoric sites of the southeast coast of China. Its most
00:10:21prominent feature is that the surface of the stone has a regular pit of various sizes,
00:10:55indicating that the users at that time were careful and precise
00:10:58in every movement. Unearthed with it was a stone
00:11:02axe. From the perfectly matching shapes of the two,
00:11:06they should be a set of systematically used tools.
00:11:09。
00:11:16This adze was very likely a grinding
00:11:20tool or a tool for grinding food at that time.
00:11:24And it is
00:13:00patient sorting and pattern research under indoor lighting. Every piece of pottery extracted from the excavation site
00:13:04requires文物 restorationists to patiently combine
00:13:08reasonable reasoning and comparison. Between incompleteness and completeness,
00:13:12they bridge the gap, allowing these artifacts that are closely
00:13:16related to the production and life of ancient people to reappear
00:13:19in their original appearance. And when the appearance of an artifact gradually becomes clear,
00:13:22the exploration of its function becomes.
00:13:45This kind of pottery is the main cooking utensil used by the ancestors of Kaqiu Tou on Pingtan Island thousands of years ago, just like today's
00:13:49pot. They have long-necked jar shapes, and also
00:13:53basin shapes with large mouths and small bottoms. These utensils vary in size, but they all
00:13:57have one common feature: they are all round-bottomed and sand-tempered pottery.
00:14:00The so-called sand tempering means that a certain proportion
00:14:04of sand grains is added to the pottery clay, making it stronger
00:14:08and more durable, and not easy to crack. Along with this kind
00:14:12of round-bottomed and sand-tempered pottery, there is also a kind
00:14:15of pottery stand. This kind of utensil combination has been
00:14:19continuously used by the ancestors of Kaqiu Tou since 7,500
00:14:22years ago. From
00:14:55a group, compared with the inland areas, it is that kind of
00:14:58basin-shaped pot, and some mouths can reach 450
00:15:02centimeters.
00:15:02。
00:15:06The production of large pottery requires not only overcoming the difficulty
00:15:10of forming, but also dealing with many variables during the firing process.
00:15:13Especially pottery is easily damaged during daily use
00:15:17and friction. However, this kind
00:15:21of large pot was found in Donghuaqiu and Gui.
00:15:37It is very likely that several households have used it. It requires
00:15:41people to have this kind of relatively long-mouthed
00:15:45and large pot. One is that it is easy to take
00:15:48out when cooking, and the other is that a large amount is cooked, which is also suitable for
00:15:52this kind of island area, a utensil for
00:15:56this kind of marine economic life.
00:15:59A large number of marine animal remains, diverse stone tools,
00:16:03and pottery with the characteristics of marine industry. Thousands
00:16:06of years ago,
00:17:14they were intentionally discarded by the prehistoric inhabitants of Pingtan Island after consumption.
00:17:17Through these bone remains, archaeologists were able
00:17:21to infer the diverse dietary structure of the early islanders,
00:17:25as well as the animal distribution ecology on Pingtan Island
00:17:29from over 7,000 years ago
00:17:30to over 3,000 years ago.
00:17:35People get hungry easily, so,
00:19:49these soluble silica precipitate and coagulate between
00:19:53and within cells, forming non-crystalline silicon
00:19:56dioxide particles, which are phytoliths.
00:20:00Phytoliths are like the fingerprints of plants, with extremely strong stability,
00:20:04and can be preserved in the soil for tens of thousands of years, or even longer.
00:20:50This time, the time when we had rice
00:20:54on our island was suddenly pushed back to six or seven thousand
00:20:58years ago. In order to verify the rice remains of the Kaqiu Tou Yizhi Group
00:21:01from multiple angles, the Zuo Xinxing team introduced pottery shard scanning
00:21:05technology. They tried to explore whether the Pingtan ancestors
00:21:09six or seven thousand years ago would mix rice
00:21:13husks and other substances to increase the adhesion
00:21:16of the pottery.
00:21:24This wave curve reconstructs the mixed rice husks, rice leaves, or small fragments of rice in it. small fragments of rice,
00:21:28in three dimensions, and found a large number of
00:21:32broken rice stems. Such evidence
00:21:36also shows that not only do we have
00:21:39such a large number of rice remains in the strata.
00:21:42In the pottery fragments from six or seven years ago,
00:21:46the form of broken rice husks gradually became clear under the microscope. This
00:21:50discovery further confirmed the existence of early rice cultivation
00:21:54on Pingtan Island, and even revealed that rice stalk
00:21:57residues had become an important tempering material for pottery
00:22:01at that time. It is important to know that Pingtan Island has been ravaged by strong winds
00:22:05since ancient times, and is not an ideal place for growing rice.
00:22:09So where did these rice fields come from?
00:22:13On Pingtan Island, these earliest discovered rice fields,
00:22:16one is that their domestication rate is still relatively high.
00:22:50They already possessed certain navigation skills and could travel
00:22:54between the mainland and offshore islands, and production technologies and precious
00:22:57rice seeds were continuously spread with the movement of people,
00:23:01depicting a vivid picture of early coastal ancestors
00:23:05communicating and interacting.
00:23:08A jade jue unearthed from the Kaqiu Tou site further
00:23:12confirmed this cross-regional
00:23:14exchange.
00:23:18Warm and translucent.
00:23:50Without this mine, it should not have been made locally
00:23:54in Pingtan. We in the inland regions all have this,
00:23:58which means that this kind of jade must have
00:24:01come from outside.
00:24:04The domestication and cultivation of rice, the accumulation and inheritance of pottery
00:24:08skills, each of these was difficult to independently develop
00:24:12and mature on an isolated small island. The many discoveries
00:24:15at the Kaqiu Tou site have made the dichotomy between the ancient people
00:24:19of Pingtan Island's marine and terrestrial production and living patterns
00:24:22increasingly clear, but new questions have also emerged at any time.
00:24:26Where did the earliest inhabitants who settled here
00:24:29come from? Pottery archaeologists found the key
00:24:33evidence to unravel this mystery in the shell mound of the site.
00:24:37key evidence. When the excavation was nearing
00:24:41its end in 2024, we were cleaning the bottom of this shell layer,
00:24:44and suddenly one morning, we unexpectedly scraped out a whole
00:24:48piece from the bottom of this shell.
00:25:32DNA,
00:25:33through the teacher's series of
00:25:36DNA tests and analyses, it was found that there is a very strong similarity and genetic relationship with the DNA of the ancient people such as the Hedong people and Liang people, and these ancient humans all have a very strong genetic
00:25:42relationship.
00:25:49。
00:28:02However, their cluster distribution patterns and the composition
00:28:06of their residences have a high degree of similarity.
00:28:08。
00:28:12This is very interesting.
00:28:14。
00:28:22The form, patterns, and craftsmanship
00:28:25of pottery vary with different eras, groups,
00:28:29and regions, and are unique, being a changing prehistoric human.
00:28:43These patterns with marine imagery appear in large numbers
00:28:47on the pottery unearthed from the Niutoushan site
00:28:51and the Kaqiu Tou site, and round-bottomed pottery
00:28:55is the common mainstream vessel type
00:28:57at both sites.
00:28:59Our group belongs to this kind of marine type.
00:29:02So it also has strong similarities with the Qihe Cave.
00:29:13In terms of early culture, or regional exchange,
00:29:17there may be very close ties, even though they are very far apart.
00:29:20。
00:29:23It is also very likely to have been influenced by our northwestern mountainous area,
00:29:27and also by Zhejiang in the east, and also by the Qihe River in the west. At the same time, it is also related to us,
00:29:30同 时 它 还 与 我 们 ,
00:30:37Perhaps they even carried precious rice seeds with them,
00:30:40traveling through mountains and forests, and rivers towards the east,
00:30:44eventually arriving at Pingtan Island and other islands.
00:30:48Facing the abundant ocean, they began new attempts
00:30:52and creations. One after another, primitive wooden boats
00:30:56were formed under the cutting of stone tools. As they gazed at the endless sea,
00:30:59what kind of aspirations surged in their hearts?
00:31:15The history chapter.
00:31:19。
00:31:24Cool down, remove oil dry mother-in-law.
00:31:28。
00:31:30Jiangxi, beautiful
00:31:33scenery.
00:31:41The vast sky.
00:31:46Down-to-earth people, who can
00:31:49quantify unlimited possibilities.
00:31:51。
00:31:54For every small but endless road.
00:31:57。
00:32:01For every pair of eyes that are not tired of the ocean of knowledge.
00:32:04。
00:32:09Transform the height of technology into the warmth
00:32:12of life.
00:32:16Let the golden years embrace a brand new world.
00:32:20界
00:32:23Let intelligent children have a garden like home.
00:32:26。
00:32:35Give the great mountains the wings of a brand new heart.
00:32:39。
00:33:17Some homes are hotels,
00:33:19,
00:33:22some homes are quiet and mysterious.
00:33:25。
00:33:31Some homes follow the footsteps
00:33:33of the wind. We are all a part
00:33:37of nature. The lightly fallen leaves,
00:33:40the burned bones. Every
00:33:44place. Is the best protection for home.
00:33:47Natural fairy tales, all things
00:33:50one family.
00:34:21On the left bank of the Four Rivers is a beautiful Wolf Wine
00:34:24Village.
00:34:29Blue and white
00:34:31wolf.
00:34:37Hello, nature. Hello,
00:34:41partner. You are good.
00:34:46Hello, dream. Science education
00:34:49illuminates a better future.