Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:07Franco, declared the irrigation of
00:00:15Now this may look like rock, but
00:00:18it's actually a coral, and do you
00:00:22know what, corals are living animals,
00:00:25many colonies come together to form reefs, colorful underw.
00:00:30cities. That's right, Chris. Ancora
00:00:34reefs cover less than 1% of the
00:00:37ocean, yet they support around a quarter of all
00:00:40marine species. They also act like natural
00:00:44seawalls, absorbing up to 97%
00:00:48of wave energy and helping protect coastal
00:00:51communities from currents, waves and
00:00:55dive, the big thing we need to do is storms. But these ecosystems are approaching
00:00:57a dangerous threshold. Even if we limit global warming to
00:01:011.5 degrees, scientists project that cora reefs
00:01:05could decline by a further 70 to
00:01:0890%.
00:01:11At two degrees, more than 99% could be
00:01:14lost.
00:01:22Husna Aminu and her team are a mission, building up new
00:01:26coral reef habitats off Tanzania's coast.
00:01:30Their efforts are critical to protecting both the oceans ecosystem
00:01:34and the livelihoods of millions of Tanzanians.
00:01:38Kilwa is a rural district on the Indian Ocean its
00:01:41coral reefs provide vital shelter and breeding grounds for
00:01:45everything that revolves around fish, sustaining local fishing communities and
00:01:49food security. Plus the reefs are tourist
00:01:52attraction, but climate change and overfishing are
00:01:55degrading these vital habitats, threatening marine life and the local
00:02:01because every... report can make a economy. Enter Action for Ocean, a Tanzanian organization aiming to
00:02:04restore marine
00:02:05life.
00:02:09Husna Aminu leads the organization's efforts in Kilwa. While
00:02:12women had largely been left out of conservation, Husna became one of
00:02:16Tanzania's first female marine experts. She broke
00:02:20barriers in a male dominated field, training scores of female
00:02:23divers and expanding local
00:02:25expertise.
00:02:28We need lot of women's.
00:02:30in ocean space, we need our leaderships, we need their
00:02:34voice, their efforts in marine conservation,
00:02:37so can inspire other women to do marine conservation
00:02:42efforts and enjoying the beautiful of and they can be part of ocean conservation,
00:02:45husna grew up near the ocean and had affinity for marine
00:02:49life from young age, but she soon realized how much of it was
00:02:53threatened, she decided to work in conservation and earned a
00:02:56degree in aquatic science from the university of
00:03:00salam
00:03:02today she and her team are conducting surveys of their new coral reef
00:03:06nursery aimed at reintroducing corals to
00:03:09previously degraded
00:03:10habitats,
00:03:14the team reviews the plan for the dive wanga
00:03:18sister ataandika sister wako sita
00:03:21kama ni cq
00:03:23Cumber
00:03:25from Kilwa's shoreline the head to the offshore reefs after an...
00:03:30they finally reach the site, here is one of our nursery is called the
00:03:34kifinger. These coral reef nurseries are made
00:03:38of ropes to securely hold coral fragments and support their
00:03:41growth. In the water, the team measures the restoration
00:03:45area, accounting for any expansion or destruction of the
00:03:48nursery. The team then brushes algae from the
00:03:52ropes, preventing it from competing for resources with the
00:03:55coral. Next, using a wooden block, they assign
00:03:58numbers each plot. streamlining used for comparing
00:04:02growth during data analysis. Husna amino
00:04:05then records the coral fragment's health and takes pictures
00:04:08to document the findings. Just some
00:04:11meters away it becomes clear why new reef habitats need to be
00:04:15built. These reefs are nearly dead. A restoration
00:04:18effort is essential. Pias
00:04:21Momwaja is assistant lecturer at the University of Daris
00:04:24Salam. He specializes in coral reef ecosystems.
00:04:28Coral bleaching is a result. of rising ocean temperatures due to climate
00:04:33326 of change in briaching is when call become white, if the condition it
00:04:36keep um continuing like if there is elevated
00:04:40temperature and it keep for so long, call undergo mortality, when you
00:04:44compare from protected and unprotected, you found those protector they are
00:04:47having some good biodiversity or some good
00:04:51condition, but those open access they are destructed and the
00:04:55mortality high,
00:04:57fishing is critical to killw's economy. but overfishing
00:05:01has destroyed reef habitats, this in turn
00:05:03droveaway fish, lowering catches even
00:05:06more. Said Juma struggles to catch fish,
00:05:10but working with Husna team has made him optimistic. We
00:05:13asked them why they were going to plant corals.
00:05:17They told us it was for fish breeding, meaning we were going to plant
00:05:20fish breeding grounds. We asked them again who would fish
00:05:24when the fish were born. So up to now, we're going hand
00:05:27in hand, they don't bother us and we don't bother them.
00:05:30the divers regularly great fishermen on
00:05:34their missions, but relations weren't always positive. so
00:05:38when we started to operate in kilwa, community, they fell
00:05:41like we need to take uh to stop them going to the
00:05:45ocean, they they feel like action for ocean, they
00:05:48are taking our resources, but after so their
00:05:52fellow communities are divers and the one who reading the
00:05:55initiatives, they get more interested.
00:05:59beyond their collaboration with fishermen, the conservationists
00:06:02must train the next generation of divers. f
00:06:07relax, but today we are going to subscribe to open water,
00:06:11we will start at 13 14 meters up to
00:06:1518.
00:06:19On this expedition, these diving students are aiming to pass their
00:06:22final exam.
00:06:25The test is the culmination of 10 days of diving, swimming and
00:06:29safety training. Their dive is a critical
00:06:32simulation, ensuring students have the skills to descend to and
00:06:36navigate the seafoor to contribute to reef restoration
00:06:40efforts.
00:06:43After a 40-m swim, the team has
00:06:45passed.
00:06:48Graduating student Cundy Julius Kugary entered the program with
00:06:51passion for Tanzania's marine life. I
00:06:55wanted to do this because
00:06:58me and my husband have a production company. Me being here, I
00:07:02believe I could show more to
00:07:05people through visuals and how
00:07:08we can um bring the coral life back and
00:07:12save part of the marine life.
00:07:16With temperatures continuing to rise, over 70%
00:07:19of Tanzania's coral reef habitats could degrade by
00:07:222050, putting 5 to 10 billion dollars
00:07:26in annual economic value from reef dependent activities at
00:07:29risk.
00:07:32Huzna believes more has to be done to increase awareness
00:07:36amongst Tanzanians. We
00:07:38have beautiful ocean, but most of people do not have a
00:07:42direct. access to intellect, see the beautiful
00:07:45of it, change the narrative, you need to inspire more young
00:07:49people to come into the ocean and make the conservation
00:07:54the ocean. in spreading the word, husna aminu and
00:07:58her team take another step towards helping kilwa's reefs
00:08:01flourish for generations to
00:08:03come.
00:08:06in rural subsaharan africa, more than
00:08:09eight in 10 people lack at. for
00:08:13another safe drinking water source at home, the
00:08:16responsibility of collecting water usually falls
00:08:19onto the women and girls in Burkina Faso, our
00:08:23museum is making that burden visible and bringing
00:08:27people together, not only to observe and experience,
00:08:31but to take
00:08:32action,
00:08:36many people, especially women in Burkina Faso have to walk several
00:08:39kilometers every day to fetch water. Here in the
00:08:43Museum of Water in Saba, visitors symbolically walk apart of that
00:08:47distance and get a sense of what this daily journey
00:08:50means, physical effort and
00:08:52exhaustion.
00:08:55Alasan Samura has created the Museum of Water to explore it
00:08:58from various perspectives, as a resource, as part of
00:09:02cultural heritage and as the base of healthy environment.
00:09:05Today he's invited artists and guests to help plant a thousand
00:09:09trees on the museum grounds.
00:09:14where there is no art, there is no water, but by making
00:09:18the maximum amount of art, we necessarily create a microclimate
00:09:21where water will necessarily fall, so that's a bit of the
00:09:25relationship that the Water Museum tries to make people understand,
00:09:29we are not just a museum of exhibitions, but we
00:09:33work on themes related to climate change,
00:09:36water, environment, biodiversity,
00:09:40ecosystem,
00:10:12It's a smart low-tech solution to protect the freshly planted
00:10:16trees from being destroyed by grazing
00:10:19animals, reused
00:10:20tires.
00:10:25buy grids, grids are expensive for us, so
00:10:28we take used tires from the city
00:10:31that we will try to reuse, so give them a second
00:10:35chance.
00:10:41year round, but also supplying water to
00:10:44200 people living nearby.
00:10:47the museum also educates children about important water bodies
00:10:51and rivers on the continent.
00:11:25So it's the cream of the youth with their graves here that we tried to
00:11:28monumentalize and the dugout canoe, so we tried
00:11:32to shock the youth by telling them they must
00:11:35prevent water from being a factor of
00:11:39death for them.
00:11:43water also has a cultural dimension here. Ngari law is a
00:11:47traditional storyteller, so-called criot from
00:11:49senegal.
00:11:58water in my songs is expressed
00:12:00from all angles, that
00:12:04things it brings diseases or it gives life, it's
00:12:10water.
00:12:14and
00:12:22communities depending on it. message that is getting more and more ecosystems important.
00:12:25region sees fewer showers and more storms, so
00:12:28water is more precious than
00:12:30ever.
00:12:38you know 247, you know plus 234, but i bet you've never heard
00:12:42of 330-300. once you do, you will never look at legos the
00:12:46same way. 330-300 is a simple guideline, cities follow to
00:12:50make life better. it simply means you should say three three from your window,
00:12:54leave in a neighbor right? 30% green and have a park within 300
00:12:57meters. Lagos is failing the 330 300 test badly
00:13:01and it's not just Lagos oh, other cities are failing too. We have more
00:13:04buildings than trees, although in 2025 Laspark planted
00:13:0819,00 trees. Sounds like lot right, but for over 20
00:13:12million people, that's barely drop in the ocean. Let's do a quick audit,
00:13:16comment green if you have trees near you or gray if you are surrounded by
00:13:19buildings. Let's see how many of us actually have that space. We need to stay
00:13:23healthy. Toodles!
00:13:25In 2024, a drought worsten by Alnino devastated
00:13:28Zambia's crops and hydropower, now
00:13:31another strong Elnino is developing, putting
00:13:35water security back in focus, so
00:13:38intense water scastity can push people into
00:13:42water theft. Our reporter joined a special police unit
00:13:45in Spain tracking down suspected water
00:13:49theves. We're in El Rothio, a
00:13:52700-year-old village in southwestern.
00:13:56It sits right next to a UNESCO World Heritage National Park, one of the
00:14:00most important wetlands in Europe, home to threaten birds and mammals
00:14:04as well as hundreds of thousands of migratory birds,
00:14:08but like lot of the world lately, Spain has been
00:14:11cooking, and this is one of the areas most
00:14:14affected by the severe heat and droughts of the past couple of
00:14:17years, well, my daily life, the
00:14:21only thing that seems possible here is for the animals.
00:14:25that I have to get water so that the well doesn't have
00:14:29enough water to get it all out at once, the
00:14:33town is very close to the Atlantic coast, at the very tip of southern
00:14:37Spain. this is what the national park looked like a couple
00:14:40of years ago. the left satellite picture is from
00:14:442021, the right is year later.
00:14:48the greater area experience water shortages and
00:14:50restrictions. surface water has recovered
00:14:54somewhat because of... rainfall, but that hasn't solved the core
00:14:57concern, because rising temperatures and drought caused by climate
00:15:01change are only part of the problem. Doñana's
00:15:04wetlands and the region's water supply depend on an underground
00:15:07aquafar, aquefar that's gradually being sucked
00:15:10dry. The cause of that can be found in our
00:15:14supermarkets. We can now get fresh produce all year
00:15:17round, and in Europe, a quarter of it is grown in one
00:15:21country. Spain.
00:15:25This area used to be royal hunting grounds, consisting of
00:15:29marshes and ponds, then parts of it were used for
00:15:33dryland farming, meaning farming in dry regions that heavily
00:15:37relies rainwater, but then
00:15:39in 1971, Spain, still under the dictator
00:15:44the region to be of national interest. The
00:15:48Almonte Marismus plan, named after the Aquafy tapped
00:15:51into, was part of a massive state sponsored effort to
00:15:55increase food production,
00:15:58and here they decided to bet on what they called red
00:16:02gold. Strawberries: strawberries
00:16:05turned out to be very, very profit.
00:16:08According to calculations based on FAO data, they can yield up to
00:16:12€150,000 gross revenue per hectare a
00:16:16year, compared to roughly 20,000 for potatoes or
00:16:1915,000 for grapes. This is
00:16:22how they became one of the biggest producers of strawberries in
00:16:26Europe, but this also meant using lot
00:16:29more water.
00:16:32Authorities handed out quotas and allotments very
00:16:35generously, seemingly without. considering how much extraction the
00:16:39Aqua could handle, but even those legal
00:16:42quotas were not enough for the ever expanding
00:16:45fields.
00:16:47The solution: illegal wells and
00:16:50reservoirs. In 2016,
00:16:53WWF Spain estimated that this region was home
00:16:56to over 100 illegal wells and over
00:16:591,700 suspicious irrigation ponds, illegally
00:17:03irrigating area as big as 4,200 football pitches.
00:17:23within the situation of extreme drought and lack of attention from the administration that
00:17:25led us to have a series of
00:17:29farms or parts of the farm that are outside the
00:17:32agricultural land qualified as irrigable. In
00:17:352021, the EU Court of Justice ruled that Spain failed
00:17:39to protect the Doñana aqua and violated EU
00:17:43law. But illegal water extraction isn't only a problem
00:17:46here. The same is happening all over Spain in
00:17:50agricultural regions supplying local and international
00:17:53markets, one of them being just two hours drive south for
00:17:56Madrid.
00:17:58In another Wetland national park called
00:18:03Tablas de Damiel, a UNESCO. to
00:18:06extract
00:18:16water and disperse water throughout
00:18:20the crop and as you can see if you look here to the
00:18:22right, here the park is here and the aquifer is
00:18:26below us
00:18:27so
00:18:32the region also shifted from traditional dryland farming towards
00:18:36irrigated crops different types of melons, onion, garlic
00:18:40and grapes, illegal irrigation and
00:18:42overextraction, coupled with droughts and high temperatures got so
00:18:46bad that an underground peat fire broke out in
00:18:492009, a problem that still hasn't gone
00:18:52away. the lieutenants here are part of the
00:18:56bigger initiative from Spanish police to crack down on water
00:18:59theft.
00:19:02first, police as well as NGOs like WWF
00:19:05Spain look at satellite. images of the region.
00:19:09On the left, you can see the blue incircled areas.
00:19:13Those used to be protected forests. On the right, you can
00:19:16see later picture where the forests were cut down to make space for illegal
00:19:20cultivation. They also look at land rights maps and
00:19:24compare them with actual satellite images. The yellow parts
00:19:27are allotments with legal irrigation rights. The red fields
00:19:31don't have those rights. So,
00:19:33for example, if we see an area that belongs to a dryland crop,
00:19:39and that area, the satellite has
00:19:43given us an image that it has greenery, then it is possibly an area
00:19:46that is being illegally
00:19:55irrigated. The well would be in that shed,
00:19:58there you can see the
00:20:00pipe that goes towards the crop, and that pipe
00:20:04is what distributes the water so that...
00:20:10A well can either be completely illegal like these that the
00:20:13WWF found back in Doñana a couple of years
00:20:16ago, or the well itself can be legal, but
00:20:20extract more than it is allowed
00:20:21to.
00:20:25That could be the case with this very green parcel of land right next to
00:20:28the park we just saw through the drone, so it needs
00:20:31closer onsoight
00:20:33inspection.
00:20:46So this section here is where the
00:20:50water volume measurement element is located. So, normally during our
00:20:53inspections, we verify that the
00:20:57flow meter, which is this section here, first,
00:21:00that it has the seals from the confederation and that they are not
00:21:04tampered with, like a normal meter in a
00:21:06house. So this is the
00:21:09element where most of the manipulations are
00:21:12directed, which are
00:21:15aimed at extracting a flow greater than
00:21:19what is permitted, if it contains the simplest, the
00:21:22most traditional is to place a very
00:21:25powerful magnet, usually placed here in this area. So the magnet
00:21:28retains the internal mechanism of the
00:21:31flow meter. The water passes through the
00:21:35flow meter, but the mechanism does not
00:21:36move.
00:21:45the field is not using more water than it's allowed to, but that's not
00:21:49all.
00:21:54There is already a service order called Operation CRI, which is a national
00:21:57theme, and around 40 inspections are carried
00:22:00out annually, imposing around one thousand administrative
00:22:04infractions on the matter. There is an enormous environmental impact, and the
00:22:07economically quantified damage can reach
00:22:10millions. The farmers can be charged with crimes against
00:22:14the environment and fraud. They usually have to
00:22:17pay fines but can also be sentenced to prison.
00:22:36What's happening in these hotspots is a symptom of a bigger worldwide
00:22:40problem, how do you balance new reality of climate change
00:22:44with increasingly intensive thirsty
00:22:46agriculture? It's complicated.
00:22:50especially in regions that rely almost entirely on agriculture,
00:22:54like back in Doñana, well in 2023, the local
00:22:57ruling conservative party had an idea: in the middle of the most
00:23:01severe drought in history, they proposed the law to legitimize
00:23:04many of the illegal farms in the area, which to no
00:23:08one's surprise, was hit by lot of backlash from the
00:23:12EU, UNESCO and NGOs as well as national
00:23:15government, which led to the Conservative Party ultimately
00:23:19shelving the bill. Instead, the local and national
00:23:22government negotiated a 1.4 billion euro
00:23:26joint plan. First they agree to continue the shutdown of
00:23:29illegal wells. Almost 300 illegal wells have been
00:23:33sealed in the Duniyana region alone.
00:23:36Secondly, they started buying up farmland, rewilding it and
00:23:40turning it into protected areas. Then they
00:23:43set up funds to create jobs in other sectors like tourism and
00:23:46renewable energy. Farmers also had to
00:23:55For strawberries, we also have
00:23:59black plastic to prevent
00:24:02evaporation and to prevent large water
00:24:06losses. The irrigation is with a drip
00:24:09system, each plant
00:24:12has its own dripper and it is much more
00:24:15efficient. We also have humidity sensors
00:24:19that, through a computer system, announce
00:24:23where water is needed and the exact amount of water
00:24:27the plant needs so as not to abuse
00:24:30the use of water or the use of fertilizers.
00:24:34According to Pedro, they also started planting less water
00:24:37intense crops and moving the growing season into the colder
00:24:41months, which is why everything is currently
00:24:43dead. This doesn't mean the water problem is solved
00:24:46entirely. NGOs are pushing for more personnel. to enforce
00:24:50the plan and higher penalties for water
00:24:53theft. Other countries are introducing similar
00:24:56measures. Morocco is using satellite comparisons to monitor
00:25:00irrigation and is giving out subsidies for farmers to switch to drip
00:25:04irrigation.
00:25:06India is attempting to move farmers towards less thirsty
00:25:09crops. The Californian government has paid
00:25:12farmers to stop this type of irrigation and has
00:25:15introduced legislation to monitor and allot water more sustainably.
00:25:22For the longest time, water was treated as an unlimited
00:25:25resource, any type of growth was seen as good, but we
00:25:29need to face new reality. It will need coordinated efforts from
00:25:33all parties to figure out how to make the most of the limited
00:25:37precious water we
00:25:38have.
00:25:41That's it for this week's show, but sign up to our
00:25:45eco drop newsletter to get more innovative
00:25:48solutions. And as always, do send us
00:25:52your suggestions and ideas, we love hearing from you. We'll
00:25:55see you next
00:25:56week.
00:26:05It's a, it's a pleasure doing this
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00:26:58directors as well as policy makers, from the business
00:27:01districts to the... corporate the policies, actions and even
00:27:05inactions of both the fiscal and the monetary
00:27:08authorities make impact. 90% of
00:27:11Nigeria's economy is an informal sector, just like this
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00:28:16we've all,TELEVISION NEWS TRANSCRIPT:
00:28:20we pray and ask,
00:28:23the less Anambra,
00:28:27God bless the shiny
00:28:31light,
00:28:34we we're the only ones to make her
00:28:37brighter, the only ones to make
00:28:41her better, the only ones to
00:28:44make another
00:28:46shine,
00:28:53but ladies and gentlemen, here is
00:28:55my promise, we will conduct local government
00:28:59election,
00:29:04no doubt, the uniform local government system, as the
00:29:08third federation unit is one of the contested features of our
00:29:11federalism, but we must make the best of a B
00:29:14system by unleashing the potential of governance
00:29:18at the lower level. Over the next two years, we shall
00:29:21review, amend the relevant legislation, reform and
00:29:25strengthen the system for efficiency, restructure and
00:29:28strengthen the Anambra's independent electoral commission and
00:29:32local government election, we will collaborate and coordinate
00:29:36actively with local governments to ensure synergy and
00:29:39complementarity. Let the revolution also get to the
00:29:43grass.
00:29:49Across the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the search for
00:29:53a functional, responsive, and truly
00:29:56autonomous local government system has long been the
00:29:59elusive holy grail of subnational
00:30:02administration. For decades, questions have
00:30:05lingered: Is the third tier of government breathing
00:30:09or is it on life support?
00:30:13the government
00:30:15abolished the transition government
00:30:19system, and to governors, I
00:30:22promise came up
00:30:24with
00:30:272024 law that enabled us to
00:30:30conduct the election till the 21 governments and
00:30:36the state. So now we have elected
00:30:38governments in the government
00:30:41system. We are completely
00:30:44autonomous, are not controlled from anywhere. We don't
00:30:48control them from here. We only issue guidelines and they run
00:30:52their governments. Simply different from what
00:30:54was. So filling the sacred social
00:30:58contract outlined with