Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:42German cows - Italian cheese. The recipe for success
00:00:45of Eritrea.
00:00:50Cars versus bicycles. Berlin discusses urban mobility
00:00:54plans.
00:00:59Cable car. The hidden Inca heritage in Peru is under
00:01:02threat.
00:01:16rises over the mountain ruins of Chaquira,
00:01:19a place shrouded in mystery. Archaeologists
00:01:22suggest that this city was built by the Incas at the end of the 15th
00:01:26century, but about 100 years later, the country was invaded by.
00:01:30Choquiquirao remained undiscovered, but was
00:01:34abandoned and nature took over the ruins, preserving them for exploration
00:01:38by archaeologists.
00:01:43Choquiquirao is interesting because it is not very
00:01:46popular. It has been preserved in the
00:01:49state it was abandoned in during the
00:01:52Inca era.
00:01:56The features of this place make it inaccessible. This
00:02:00means that it is little explored, little studied and little
00:02:03covered.
00:02:08Over a decade of painstaking restoration, only about
00:02:12a third of the area has been excavated, but
00:02:14the findings have amazed archaeologists. The structures are arranged in
00:02:18accordance with the position of the sun during the summer and
00:02:21winter solstices. Water is directed from
00:02:24nearby sources through aqueducts. The most striking
00:02:28are the terraces, decorated
00:02:30with figures of Llamas, animals that were vital
00:02:33to the Incas as a means of transport,
00:02:37a source of wool and meat. No such decorations have been found anywhere else.
00:02:40Perhaps this city had some connection with Machu
00:02:44Picchu and other places. Choquiquirao
00:02:47is located in southwestern Peru, about 40 km from
00:02:50Machu Picchu. The area of Choquiquirao is estimated to be three
00:02:54times larger than that of its famous neighbor. Nevertheless, in a year,
00:02:57it receives as many tourists as Machu Picchu in 2
00:03:00days. The only way to reach it is
00:03:04a forty-kilometer hike there and back along
00:03:07treacherous mountain trails. But the
00:03:10Peruvian government has grandiose plans to transform
00:03:14the path to Choquiquirao. They plan to build a cable car
00:03:17that will reduce the travel time to 20 minutes.
00:03:21Two lines totaling over 10 km
00:03:24will stretch across one of the deepest canyons in the world.
00:03:28Five stations will be built, including two near
00:03:31the archaeological site of Choquiquirao. Peru's official
00:03:35investment agency states that construction will cost
00:03:38over 260 million US dollars, and is looking for
00:03:42private investors to transform this place into a tourist product.
00:03:46The agency estimates that up to 1,200,000 people
00:03:50will be able to visit annually.
00:03:55Roger Valencia, former Minister of Tourism of Peru, promoted this
00:03:59project as... held this position, he says that Peru is obliged
00:04:03to make it more
00:04:05accessible, Choquiquirao is difficult
00:04:09to reach,
00:04:12so we must facilitate the way there with technology and
00:04:15projects like this proposed cable car
00:04:18system, which will make it accessible to
00:04:21visitors.
00:04:24Historical heritage is the capital of society. Peru
00:04:28is obliged to share its own.
00:05:02We don't need a cable car. Here in Cocho, there are
00:05:05many guides with mules, about 200 people. We
00:05:09invested our money in buying mules, we took out a loan.
00:05:20Think of the cooks, think of the agencies that invested their
00:05:24money, look at the transport companies that
00:05:27acquired their vehicles, think of the hotel owners
00:05:30who invested their money, local guides and their mules
00:05:34accompany tourists on the difficult forty-kilometer hike to
00:05:37Choquiquirao and back. The winding trail leads down the
00:05:41canyon. Then crosses the river and
00:05:44climbs the other side. The path can be
00:05:47dangerous. During the rainy season, avalanches often occur,
00:05:51closing the pass for several weeks. Tourists
00:05:54stop in camps or shelters along the route.
00:05:57For example, in this one, which is run by René
00:06:00Sierra-Barrientos and her family. She fears that
00:06:03the cable car could deprive them of their livelihood and destroy
00:06:07the landscape.
00:06:10I am personally against the cable car. Why? Because we must
00:06:14protect our nature, that's all we have. The cable car
00:06:17will spoil the panoramic view, many trees will have to be cut down in this
00:06:21area,
00:06:26it will scare away the wild animals that we have here,
00:06:29birds and other
00:06:31animals, puma, fox,
00:06:35condor, they all live
00:06:37here,
00:06:41abe!
00:07:13Obviously, the landscape
00:07:14will change,
00:07:18if a cable car is built over the Apurímac River, it
00:07:22will spoil
00:07:23the view.
00:07:28He is concerned that this giant construction project
00:07:31could scare away protected animals, such as the spectacled
00:07:35or Andean bear, which can sometimes be seen on
00:07:38the trail, and the giant condor, which soars in
00:07:41the canyon.
00:07:44The cable car could create problems for the flight of
00:07:47Condors.
00:07:50They are not used to encountering such
00:07:52obstacles.
00:07:55These birds are very large, they can fly into the cables
00:07:59and die.
00:08:03Second day of the hike, a grueling test
00:08:06of climbing the steep slopes
00:08:08of the canyon.
00:08:10In the afternoon, tourists and mule drivers stop
00:08:14for a drink at this simple shop run by Juan José
00:08:18Cavarubias. Unlike other merchants on the trail, he
00:08:21believes that the cable car will attract more tourists to the
00:08:24region.
00:08:28I am sure that tourists will continue to come here.
00:08:31Choquiquirao will definitely become known throughout the world, like
00:08:35Machu Picchu.
00:08:38And therefore, I expect that there will also be an influx of visitors here, as
00:09:22- As you saw yesterday, we had to carry a freezer here, this is a very large
00:09:26expense, this is an investment in business, everyone here has invested money in
00:09:29tourism and as the cable car is built, our dreams
00:09:33are gradually
00:09:34crumbling.
00:09:403 days after the start of the hike. Tourists reach their
00:09:43goal. The ruins
00:09:46of Choquiquirao. Depending on the season, only a few
00:09:50people per day may come here.
00:09:53It is unknown whether these terraces can withstand over a million visitors
00:09:57per year, as well as the construction of cable car towers and
00:10:00stations. Archaeologists are concerned that the fragile
00:10:04site may be irreversibly
00:10:06damaged.
00:10:14Choquiquirao should be declared a World Heritage
00:10:17site. These are not trees that can
00:10:21be replanted and will grow again.
00:10:55so that the path here always remains a unique experience.
00:10:58For many people who cannot make the strenuous journey,
00:11:01a cable car would be the only way to visit this cultural
00:11:05heritage site. Opponents of its construction can continue
00:11:09to hope that the project will not materialize. Choquiquirao
00:11:12has undergone many changes throughout history, and perhaps it will survive
00:11:15the era of mass
00:11:17tourism.
00:11:22A controversial issue: urban mobility in Berlin?
00:11:29In Berlin, a battle
00:11:30is underway,
00:11:36it is a struggle for space on
00:11:38the streets.
00:11:41It's still not enough. This
00:11:44group of activists has been collecting signatures for several weeks. They want
00:11:48to limit the number of cars entering central
00:11:50Berlin. We are an initiative whose goal is to hold
00:11:54a referendum in Berlin for all Berliners, and if we collect
00:11:57enough signatures by tonight, the referendum will take place. For
00:12:01this, the signatures of 7% of Berliners are required,
00:12:04meaning the activists need 175 thousand
00:12:06signatures.
00:12:10One of the places where volunteers hope to find support
00:12:13is Tempelhof Field, a former
00:12:16airport and now a popular park near the city
00:12:19center. Passers-by are mostly favorably disposed to
00:12:22the initiative, many gladly sign. I
00:12:25had several dangerous situations, drivers exiting
00:12:29alleys at high speed, not paying attention to the road, too few
00:12:32bike lanes, too many cars, bad air, our road policy
00:12:36needs improvement, but some people are also annoyed by cyclists
00:12:40speeding on sidewalks, I was literally hit by a
00:12:43cyclist the other day. In Berlin, there is a long-standing
00:12:46tradition of focusing all efforts on local
00:12:50transport development on cars, we had major urban
00:12:53motorways when...
00:13:04So, no matter what other cities do, here in Berlin we
00:13:07are still fixated on cars. And
00:13:10yet, Berlin was once on the right track. During the Covid
00:13:14pandemic, many people suddenly wanted to cycle
00:13:17to avoid infection on crowded buses or trains. New
00:13:21bicycle lanes appeared in a blink of an eye.
00:13:25A local law was adopted, designed to make transport more environmentally friendly, the so-called
00:13:28mobility laws, and today this initiative is at
00:13:32a standstill, bike lanes are being removed, but more on that
00:13:35later.
00:13:38First, let's look at the situation abroad: in
00:13:41Paris, Copenhagen and Amsterdam, as well as in
00:13:44Montreal and Bogota. All these cities
00:13:47have to some extent transformed their centers, which has helped
00:13:51people switch to cycling. And in Berlin?
00:13:56The number of cyclists has sharply increased, in the last
00:13:5920 years it has practically doubled and can still significantly
00:14:02grow. Now it's about 20%, but we can
00:14:06reach forty. Basically, we need more space,
00:14:09more space on the streets, expanded infrastructure and safe
00:14:13bicycle lanes. In Berlin, several bicycle
00:14:17protests take place every month. Today's
00:14:20demonstrators want to prevent the dismantling of the bicycle lane
00:14:23laid during...
00:14:55to believe this.
00:14:57I am furious that the mobility law, which promotes
00:15:00better coexistence on the roads, is now being repealed. And now
00:15:04cars can again drive faster in Berlin. For legal reasons,
00:15:08Berlin had to reduce the maximum speed from 50 to 30
00:15:12km/h. The air quality was too
00:15:14bad. The city monitors pollution levels with
00:15:18such monitoring stations. Despite
00:15:20hundreds of thousands of cars commuting daily between Berlin and
00:15:26its surroundings, air quality is
00:15:28improving. On main roads, the average maximum level
00:15:32of nitrogen dioxide is 36 micrograms per
00:15:36cubic meter. In a few years,
00:16:07the air after the speed limits have been raised on many streets from
00:16:1130 to 50 km/h. Studies
00:16:14confirm that air quality improves as more
00:16:18people switch from cars to
00:16:20bicycles.
00:16:29Cyclists in a silent sit-in protest in front of the City
00:16:33Hall. Every year, on the third Wednesday of May, they, dressed
00:16:36in white, gather.
00:17:07with
00:17:07the loss,
00:17:12it was a car, some big SUV, that
00:17:15ran a red light at 80 or 90
00:17:19km/h in a zone with a speed limit of
00:17:2130. He made a risky overtake,
00:17:25sharply swerving right and left. My husband was riding
00:17:29his bicycle on the right side of the road,
00:17:32he was hit from behind with tremendous force due to the
00:17:35speed.
00:18:07In the Berlin German Aerospace Center, there is a
00:18:10special institute dedicated to road traffic
00:18:13research. Scientists here are looking for solutions for a city where over
00:18:173000 people commute to work by car
00:18:20every day.
00:18:23That is why we need this combination of four modes of transport:
00:18:27walking, cycling, public transport and, if necessary,
00:18:30a car.
00:18:34Ute Bonde from the Conservative Senator for Transport in
00:18:38the Berlin government, she is responsible for the current changes in
00:18:41the city, the dismantling of bike lanes, the return to
00:18:44a speed limit of 50 km/h in many
00:18:47zones. Her concept is to shift bicycle traffic to side
00:18:51streets. 300 rental points will allow people to make
00:18:55short trips on e-scooters or
00:18:57e-bikes, and the city's tram network needs
00:19:01not expansion, but
00:19:02automation.
00:19:05people should choose the best themselves.
00:19:37Berlin is everywhere, flowing into the center, about 3000
00:19:40people, all of whom want an increase in the number and quality of bike lanes in
00:19:44the city.
00:19:47On the side, drivers wait
00:19:48patiently,
00:19:51and some express their
00:19:53dissatisfaction.
00:19:58It's all right, I'm also a cyclist, you just have to wait a little
00:20:00longer, eventually traffic will resume.
00:20:04They don't pay taxes, they drive as they please, that's unfair.
00:20:38At least until the next
00:20:40election,
00:20:48made in Eritrea. German cows and Italian
00:20:52cheese. Fontina, Provolone,
00:20:56Mozzarella. Italian cheese, produced in Eritrea
00:20:59from the milk of German cows.
00:21:03Abraham Tsegai's farm is located thirty kilometers from
00:21:06the capital Asmara. Eritrea is
00:21:09a militarized authoritarian state. The government
00:21:13controls almost all aspects of life. It even imported
00:21:16cows to Tsegai, bringing them by plane. These
00:21:20cows arrived from southern Germany. The state
00:21:23imports cows from Germany and distributes them among qualified
00:21:27farmers who can keep them in good condition and
00:21:31provide them with proper nutrition.
00:21:34German cows are genetically modified to produce
00:21:37a large amount of milk.
00:21:40Abraham Tsegai has 120 cows. He owns the largest
00:21:44private dairy farm in the country. He crossbreeds
00:21:47German cows with local breeds.
00:21:51He studied dairy technologies in the Netherlands,
00:21:55abroad, which is unusual for Eritreans. When he
00:21:58started 10 years ago, he tried to make Dutch cheese, but
00:22:02demand was not high. The eighty-year-old
00:22:05Mebrahatu Teklismbet, is the most
00:22:08experienced cheesemaker on the farm. He learned from an Italian
00:22:11specialist and has been making cheese for almost 66 years.
00:22:14No wonder it comes so easily
00:22:17to him.
00:22:22We stretch the cheese so that it fits into the containers that
00:22:25give it the desired shape, then we
00:22:28place it in cold brine, this gives
00:22:31it flavor, otherwise it will be bland. After
00:22:3412 hours, it will need to be placed in
00:22:37water.
00:22:40His young colleagues can barely keep up with him. We taste
00:22:44the cheese, at this stage it is like chewing gum without
00:22:47flavor.
00:22:52Here they produce 16 different varieties of organic
00:22:55cheese, about half is sold in Asmara,
00:22:59the rest
00:22:59is exported.
00:23:04The capital of Eritrea - a UNESCO World Heritage
00:23:07site, clearly shaped by the Italian colonial
00:23:10era. Time seems to have stood still here, and not only in terms
00:23:14of appearance. There is almost no internet access,
00:23:17the government has almost completely blocked it. There is also no
00:23:20freedom of the press,
00:23:23but most people here have learned to live with what
00:23:26they have. There is a sense that Eritrea
00:23:30is proud of its independence from its larger neighbor
00:23:33Ethiopia. But international embargoes have for years
00:23:36hampered the economy.
00:23:39Many Eritreans hope that the country will soon become more
00:23:42open to the outside world, which would also be good for
00:23:46business.
00:23:50owns five cheese shops in the city. Business is good,
00:23:53the trade is managed by Abraham's wife, Aster. Her
00:23:57husband already has enough to do with cheese
00:23:59production. The couple, who in Eritrea
00:24:02are considered part of the upper class, rarely have
00:24:06such moments of shared
00:24:07relaxation.
00:24:11The average monthly income in the country is less than 100
00:24:14euros. But Mebrahatu does not work
00:24:18because he needs money.
00:24:21His seven children have long since grown up and started their own
00:24:24families.
00:24:29Cheese is an integral part of who I am. I
00:24:33really love working with cheese. My
00:24:36friends also appreciate this in
00:24:37me.
00:24:40I like to eat cheese, but most of all I love to
00:24:44make it.
00:24:47The government provided for the family for free.
00:25:50with international embargoes against Eritrea's authoritarian
00:25:53regime. Now the problem is with the banking
00:25:56system, because due to the embargo we do not have a bank transfer
00:26:00service. Getting money from exports from... across the border is not easy, it
00:26:03requires a lot of documents, so exporting goods
00:26:07to strangers is also not
00:26:09easy. In addition to working at the dairy
00:26:13farm, Abraham Tsegai is also the honorary Consul General
00:26:16of Switzerland in Eritrea. Because of this,
00:26:19he is in a special position, which somewhat
00:26:22simplifies international business
00:26:24relations for him.
00:26:45Riga Bus Station, passenger buses depart from here daily,
00:26:48including to Russia and Belarus. The Latvian government plans
00:26:52to ban bus services to these countries. Politicians cite the findings
00:26:55of law enforcement that bus traffic between Latvia and
00:26:59Russia and Belarus threatens national security.
00:27:02Passenger traffic between Latvia and Russia and Belarus is already
00:27:05minimized. Planes do not fly to these countries from Latvia,
00:27:09trains do not run, only buses remain.
00:27:13In a matter of seconds, an explosion destroys the cooling towers
00:27:17of the nuclear power plant. An impressive sight, but
00:27:20dismantling the entire plant takes a decade. This
00:27:24happens because many materials are radioactive and cannot be simply
00:27:27disposed of in the way nuclear waste used to be disposed
00:27:31of. Nuclear power is experiencing
00:27:34a worldwide revival, but have
00:27:38operators thought about decommissioning nuclear power plants, what happens when
00:27:41a plant's lifespan comes to an end, and most
00:27:44importantly, how much will it cost to decommission and
00:28:24Gabyshev, known as Sasha the Shaman, who is walking from Yakutia to
00:28:27Moscow to overthrow the government. What
00:28:31does that mean? It means
00:29:02kilometers
00:29:06to pass underground, well, through these mines, to come out on another mountain,
00:29:10that is, there is an underground city, as if all
00:29:13this was developed
00:29:17and extracted
00:29:17since 1800-something.
00:29:26Protected persons shall in all circumstances be entitled
00:29:28to respect for their person, honour,
00:29:32family rights, religious convictions and practices,
00:29:35habits and customs. They shall at all times be treated
00:29:39humanely, and shall in particular be protected against any acts of
00:29:42violence or intimidation, against insults and public curiosity.
00:30:38No one wants to cooperate with Russia after this terror in
00:30:41Ukraine. It is impossible. Putin is
00:30:43a fraud.
00:30:47If the West closes its borders. These boys
00:30:50will hate us when
00:30:51they grow up. Some Russian came
00:30:55here. Now I come to the store and there's a Russian here too. And it feels like you have
00:30:59occupied us.