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00:00:02events that change the world, stories that
00:00:06cannot be missed, we analyze with you live, face to
00:00:10face with the event,
00:01:34From the highest peaks of Asia to the valleys downstream
00:01:37of rivers, how people and wildlife cope with
00:01:41climate change.
00:01:54Voices from the roof
00:01:55of the world.
00:02:30became a leader in the world anti-ratings for air
00:02:32pollution, in the world air pollution index Bishkek is in first
00:02:36воздуха Бишкек на первом
00:02:38place, December
00:02:4117 2019,
00:02:44the city of Bishkek,
00:02:47oh my god, you see it,
00:02:50yes, there is no bazaar,
00:02:53damn it, I see the thermal power plant, I don't see anything
00:02:57else,
00:03:13the entire recent history of Kyrgyzstan is
00:03:16an uprising and migration of people in search of work.
00:03:34Since gaining independence, the government
00:03:37of Kyrgyzstan has been overthrown three times. The reason is the anger
00:03:40of the population against corruption and election fraud.
00:04:09The coups of 2004 and 2010
00:04:12were accompanied by the mass seizure
00:04:15of agricultural lands for
00:04:17construction.
00:04:22These lands were quickly turned into illegal settlements. Around
00:04:25Bishkek there are about 50 new buildings, which
00:04:28were nicknamed "adobe". In most of them there are problems
00:04:32with access to water, urban sewerage, there is no
00:04:36centralized heating or at least boiler rooms that would
00:04:39supply heat to the area, so they are forced to burn
00:04:42coal, part of what was seized is now
00:04:46legalized, 223,000 people live in the new buildings,
00:04:49how many households it is
00:04:52unknown, it seemed wild to us that you could
00:04:56come and put a Bozu there in the field, and put this...
00:05:00barrier, and then here on horses gallop in all
00:05:03directions, divide it like this, everyone put such stakes
00:05:06, put stones, everyone sat on their plot for weeks,
00:05:10self-seizure. continues
00:05:13now.
00:05:17Not all new buildings in Bishkek appeared as a result
00:05:19of self-seizure. And one of the oldest residential areas
00:05:23Archabishkek appeared on completely legal
00:05:25grounds, but nevertheless experiences all the same difficulties as
00:05:29the others. Lack of access to urban
00:05:32infrastructure using the cheapest
00:05:35dirty fuel to heat homes.
00:05:39Maripa didn't want us to show her, but she agreed.
00:06:12five or six sometimes, depending on sometimes it's
00:06:16warm, if the winter
00:06:20is warm, then
00:06:21five,
00:06:24I'll hold it,
00:06:33for the
00:06:33chats,
00:06:39not cleaning either, right.
00:06:42there will be smoke, it won't burn, yes in the house, yes, yes, and how
00:06:46often do you need it, twice a month, but lately
00:06:50mechanized cleaning of stove pipes has become
00:06:53popular,
00:06:57everything that is scooped out of the pipe is thrown into
00:07:00the air,
00:07:04right away with this
00:07:06for
00:07:10drainage.
00:07:30We call this dust, and you also
00:07:33sell it, how much
00:07:36does it cost?
00:07:40Smog from coal burning is not a new
00:07:43problem, the head of the Kyrgyz SSR wrote about this in his memoirs about
00:07:461958.
00:08:01In the first place, one of the largest new buildings of the republic, the Trunskaya
00:08:05TPP, will already in 1960 give power
00:08:09to the industrial enterprises of the capital of Kyrgyzstan.
00:08:13To stop the unrestrained climate change, many countries
00:08:17are now promising to abandon coal burning for electricity
00:08:20generation. Bishkek's TPP produces
00:08:2390% of the city's electricity,
00:08:26burning 1 million tons of coal per year, but power plant
00:08:30officials say it is environmentally
00:08:32friendly. In
00:08:35a distant land
00:08:38of beauty yes.
00:08:44native winds,
00:08:47flying after him,
00:08:48beloved
00:08:52city in blue smoke
00:08:55China,
00:08:58now you can watch this, on the left side, these are
00:09:02called electrostatic precipitators, we have
00:09:0510 of them in total, these are not just some
00:09:08small structures, but if you look up, here it is... speaking
00:09:27in simple terms, inside the electrostatic precipitators there are
00:09:29grids, they are charged positively and
00:09:32negatively, at the entrance to the electrostatic precipitator there is a coronating
00:09:36filter, it charges the ash positively,
00:09:39the ash, when it passes through the negatively charged grid, sticks to
00:09:43it, there is also a shaking mechanism, it shakes off
00:09:46everything that has stuck to the grid, all this falls into these
00:09:50kettles, yes, the electrostatic precipitator, here it
00:09:52works, this ash, it falls
00:09:55from there, here it is and leaves from here, and then everything
00:09:59goes to the ash dump, the efficiency of this filter is 98%.
00:10:12So, if the smoke is filtered, where does the
00:10:15smog come from?
00:10:20Move Green activists tried to find out using portable
00:10:23sensors. We have the State Agency for Environmental
00:10:27Protection and Forestry, which is responsible for legislative policy in the field
00:10:31of environmental protection. I remember our first meeting, they thanked us so much,
00:10:35saying that we were such good people, we had such an active
00:10:38civic position, and that we helped him a lot
00:10:42to finally put this issue on the political agenda, and
00:10:46the rhetoric changed literally a year later. Every year we faced the same
00:10:49problem, that is, we showed data that,
00:10:52for example, in October or November...
00:11:45MPO never issues this information purely
00:11:48on its own, if they don't understand something, they turn to
00:11:51specialists, and at least for the duration.
00:12:26and here the sources no longer cause doubt, that is,
00:12:30people came home and lit stoves,
00:12:33and it jumps approximately twice as high as the
00:12:37daytime maximum, which occurs at
00:12:41101 hours of the day. Now the new leadership
00:12:44of the state agency is not trying to deny the presence of smog,
00:12:48but no matter how many times we tried to contact her, there was
00:12:51no contact.
00:12:55The cake is located in a basin with poor ventilation, so
00:12:58the smog that forms today is trapped by an inversion layer
00:13:02of cold
00:13:02air,
00:13:07many talk about the wind rose, and why
00:13:10the wind rose appears, thanks to these, as
00:13:14everyone now knows, more
00:13:17through these two gorges, imagine what energy
00:13:21comes from here and through these obstacles passes and...
00:13:25everything was blown away, so the city is like
00:13:28you can see them, look, like air
00:13:31currents, they are water, air
00:13:34currents,
00:13:39smog has formed, it cannot leave
00:13:43the city for a long time, because
00:13:46our city planning is disrupted,
00:13:50that brilliant person who first
00:13:53laid out the streets of our city, they all went
00:13:57from south to north and were, were absolutely
00:14:00straight, and these streets, they were as if
00:14:03ventilated, now they built
00:14:07parallel houses along the southern highway, which absolutely do not let in this
00:14:11air, but now
00:14:14the inversion layer of warm air, all new
00:14:17construction captures smog, Bishkek has been gripped by a
00:14:20construction boom, all the best places have started
00:14:23to be built up with elite housing. Since Soviet times, the city's population
00:14:27has grown from 500,000 people to 1 million. The lack
00:14:30of social and economic prospects in the regions forces
00:14:34people to move not only to Russia, but to the largest center
00:14:37of economic activity in the country -
00:14:39Bishkek. The state could not preserve
00:14:43the public transport system. Up to 70%
00:14:47of passenger traffic is carried out in minibuses, whose place is
00:14:51in the landfill, but their place in the landfill was taken by buses.
00:14:56The city was designed for 5000 cars, now
00:15:00officially in Bishkek there are 500, and
00:15:03then also about minibuses, the Ministry of Internal Affairs said at a meeting that
00:15:07minibuses are only about
00:15:102-3% of the total number, they cannot pollute
00:15:14so much, well, this is also foolish,
00:15:17because it does not depend on the number of cars, it depends on how much it
00:15:20travels, well according to.
00:15:37all the time, that is, for every kilometer -
00:15:40exhaust is emitted, smog, and minibuses are
00:15:44converted cargo vehicles, which, well, in
00:15:47other countries that monitor emissions, are not even allowed
00:15:50in the center, I want to
00:15:53breathe, I want to breathe, I am for a
00:15:56clean city, I am for a clean city, I am for
00:16:00clean air,
00:16:03foo, it seems to me that this is our first event, like a political
00:16:07rally. in the form of an art exhibition,
00:16:10last time, the artist Rada Valentin Pizy came here, she
00:16:14brought her comic book, you can find
00:16:18her today, and it seemed to me then that it was very
00:16:22cool that artists also somehow react, then I saw a lot
00:16:25on social networks, on Instagram, with the hashtag Bishkek smog,
00:16:29they post drawings, here we have children's drawings that are
00:16:32presented, these are
00:16:35students of a Bishkek school, they drew a superhero who
00:16:39will help us cope with the smog, and I liked it so much,
00:16:42and I thought, why are we only on
00:16:45social networks, yes, many are not even registered there, yes,
00:16:49and as you know, art also affects people on other
00:16:53levels, yes, that is, it is a cry from the soul on the one hand,
00:16:56on the other hand, it is easier to perceive
00:17:00the message
00:17:00itself.
00:17:18The city landfill not only receives, but also
00:17:20gives. It gives methane and other gases to the Bishkek smog.
00:17:36Ecoactivist. Tushakov made a tour to the Bishkek landfill for
00:17:40Bermet,
00:17:46so it turns out you've been familiar with the landfill topic for a long time,
00:17:50about five years, uh-huh, when I first
00:17:54came, it was certainly a big
00:17:57discovery for me,
00:17:59how could such a terrible
00:18:03object be located
00:18:05near the city. in fact, ecocide, because
00:18:08and genocide, because
00:18:12people live here, children are born
00:18:16here, it's terrible to see when you come here, children
00:18:19playing in the alleys who breathe,
00:18:23imagine, this stench, last year they didn't talk
00:18:26so much about it as they do this year, I noticed
00:18:30that from every iron there is smog, smog, smog, smog,
00:18:34even state channels, some kind of
00:18:38even international ones, we,
00:18:41unfortunately, you know, so far officials
00:18:44do not pay attention to the demands and complaints
00:18:47of local citizens, but
00:18:50for some reason they are servile
00:18:53when someone abroad,
00:18:56something, somewhere there, they react so painfully to it,
00:19:00they immediately start trying to react to it, what
00:19:03their own citizens had been saying for 10 years, drawing attention,
00:19:16his prime minister arranged a meeting, then you
00:19:20know, we have a problem with the succession
00:19:23of power in Kyrgyzstan, that is, what some
00:19:26promise, others no longer
00:19:29do, they just promise again, that is,
00:19:32the succession of such wretchedness, when the data appeared,
00:19:36people started...
00:20:07there was nothing, not a single material. In Kyrgyzstan, many people are sick,
00:20:11coughing, many are sick, who have
00:20:14shortness of breath, who have chronic lung diseases, and we
00:20:17proved that the cause is not only
00:20:20smoking, but one of the main causes is indoor air
00:20:23pollution. These results
00:20:26are published in one of the very prestigious English-language
00:20:30journals in Europe, they are still very
00:20:33widely discussed, because until the results
00:20:36obtained. by us, these were contradictory
00:20:39data, now we have already received quite
00:20:43convincing ones, from the beginning of winter to the end of winter
00:20:47I always cough and especially.
00:20:50when they heat the house, sometimes this stove we have at home,
00:20:53sometimes there are holes there, we close these holes, but
00:20:56sometimes when we forget about the stove, through these
00:21:00holes, these fumes start to come out, then I
00:21:03feel very bad, I have to stand in that room
00:21:07right next to the open window to breathe, almost
00:21:11these neighbors, this about two years ago
00:21:14started a business, they короче they burned a lot of baths,
00:21:17I constantly notice something else...
00:22:20type heard, yes, listen to the smog,
00:22:37we are engaged in an information company, we educate
00:22:40citizens, Bishkek residents, guests of the capital, in general,
00:22:42Kyrgyz people.
00:22:58when the air is really very dirty, I wear
00:23:01masks, and they filter
00:23:04PM 2.5, and these masks
00:23:07literally after a few uses become
00:23:11much dirtier,
00:23:14well, it's obvious that dirt accumulates
00:23:17and it even becomes scary, and after
00:23:21running, unfortunately, even when you clean your throat,
00:23:24nose, there is already such ash coming out,
00:23:28well, what can you do, we live in the city center and we need to
00:23:31train somehow, I don't
00:23:35want to quit sports, so we choose
00:23:38a
00:23:40those places where there are fewer cars, where there are more trees,
00:23:44yes, these are parks, these are small
00:23:47streets or even along the river. well,
00:23:51you see, there are a lot of trees, but here,
00:23:54as it were, there are a lot
00:23:56of residential buildings, they all
00:24:00heat with coal and it's noticeable when the weather
00:24:04is very cold, the temperature drops, then
00:24:08the air immediately becomes worse, for example, I
00:24:11ride my bike around the city, with
00:24:15a stroller, despite the lack
00:24:18of infrastructure. and if there was some
00:24:21infrastructure, then I am sure that many
00:24:25more people would want to switch to bicycles,
00:24:28because there are actually a lot
00:24:31of cycling enthusiasts, even in such big races, in
00:24:34cycling races, you see hundreds, hundreds
00:24:38of people,
00:24:42there was one study, we did a survey, a survey
00:24:46of drivers, a survey of pedestrians, how much...
00:24:50concerned, are they willing to switch to public transport, if such
00:24:54is found, if to bicycles,
00:24:58and well, approximately 1/3,
00:25:01well, depending on the group, from 30 to 40%
00:25:04of respondents were ready to switch to either public transport or bicycles, yes,
00:25:08if there are normal conditions.
00:25:12A terrible incident was recorded on this wide highway,
00:25:15showing why fear for road
00:25:18safety stops people from switching to bicycles.
00:25:35Bishkek is a city where it is inconvenient to get around
00:25:38for everyone. Everything was done to motivate people to use
00:25:42private cars. The cycling community tried to promote
00:25:45the sustainable transport project of Bishkek, which would
00:25:49take into account the needs of all road users
00:25:51and changes in priorities for
00:25:54alternative modes of transport. Ideas
00:25:57were presented to two prime ministers and their
00:26:00assistants. In words, everyone supported it, but in reality nothing
00:26:03was done, many said that the project's implementation
00:26:07would take too long, but several
00:26:10years passed and nothing was done, well, and
00:26:13in order to solve
00:26:17the transport problem, that is, you cannot
00:26:20move chaotically, that is, just expand
00:26:24roads for cars,
00:26:26or prohibit
00:26:30minibuses from entering the city center, we need a proper
00:26:33transport strategy, when the interests of all
00:26:37participants in urban traffic will be taken into account.
00:26:52Paradoxically, the main weakness and main strength
00:26:55of Kyrgyzstan is human resources. On
00:26:59the one hand, state administration is degrading. and the
00:27:03principle of negative selection operates. On
00:27:06the other hand, society can consolidate and start solving
00:27:09its problems independently.
00:27:12During quarantine, people collect and distribute
00:27:15humanitarian aid, establish production, and
00:27:19help doctors. On the one hand,
00:27:21the economy is in decline, the country covers the budget deficit
00:27:25through external loans. On the other
00:27:28hand, people pack their bags and go to work in...
00:27:50The state also strongly believes in the power of the people, it naively proposes
00:27:54to the people to raise funds to repay the external
00:27:56debt, the people will gather and solve this
00:28:00problem as well.
00:28:03but I would like them to be helped, not with endless
00:28:07conferences, round tables, or the creation
00:28:11of working groups, whose
00:28:14results are useless
00:28:34papers, but really. without prohibitions
00:28:37or restrictions, currently in Telegram, everything in one place, on a convenient platform
00:28:40free from censorship, Telegram channel - real
00:28:44time, subscribe, share with friends,
00:28:48a small country, from resources, the beauty of mountains,
00:28:51sea, sun, but citizens here so confidently
00:28:55dream of a green energy future,
00:28:58that the government changes laws, how is
00:29:01this possible? And for you, electricity is now
00:29:05completely free.
00:29:08We wanted to tell you about Croatian folk energy. Perhaps
00:29:11there is something to learn here? Here people are forcing changes
00:29:15in laws, and that's
00:29:16wonderful.
00:29:23No protected person may be punished
00:29:26for an offense committed not by him personally, collective
00:29:30punishment, as well as any measures of intimidation or
00:29:34terror are prohibited, robbery
00:29:37is prohibited, reprisals against
00:29:40protected persons and their property are prohibited.
00:30:36Guard, collective farmer or poisoner, reform
00:30:39of the main security agency. The main
00:30:42actor in the so-called reform
00:30:45is the head of Rosneft, Igor Sechin. Alexander
00:30:48Bortnikov is retiring. According
00:30:51to one version, Putin does not want a professional
00:30:55FSB officer, well, that is, a professional leader, to head
00:30:58this structure, because it is.