Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:07What have they done here? What kind of
00:00:10dancing? Leoderkhoz and
00:00:14beer? And where did these mysterious Bavarians come from anyway?
00:00:17New archaeological finds show that 5 years ago they were
00:00:21well-built, tall people and were well-
00:00:24fed.
00:01:00In Bavaria, in southern Germany, 62 single-family homes
00:01:02were originally planned for this plot of land,
00:01:06but then archaeologists made a sensational
00:01:10discovery: more than 1,400 years ago,
00:01:13the Baiuvarians, the early Bavarians, settled here.
00:01:16A small settlement grew here with residential buildings,
00:01:19workshops, streets, and a cemetery.
00:01:23This is what makes the finds in Berglen especially
00:01:25valuable. Usually, either
00:01:29burials or traces of settlements are found; it is much rarer
00:01:32to find both at once, and the regional
00:01:35history of the Early Middle Ages is based mainly on
00:01:39burial finds, so when it turns out that people
00:01:42not only died in a certain area, but actually
00:01:46lived there, it's a completely different
00:01:49picture.
00:01:51Here, where archaeologists are now moving forward centimeter by
00:01:55centimeter, with picks in their hands, there was once a kind
00:01:58of industrial...
00:02:30During the excavations, pieces of slag were found there, which
00:02:33suggests that the locals were engaged in iron
00:02:36processing.
00:02:41It seems that the early Bavarians who lived in this region were skilled
00:02:44blacksmiths. Swords were in great demand at that
00:02:47time.
00:02:53The end of the eighth century was marked by numerous conflicts.
00:02:57The main focus was on weapons production.
00:03:02This piece of clay indicates yet another craft that was practiced in
00:03:05earth-sheltered houses, weaving.
00:03:08Similar objects served as weights, they provided
00:03:12tension to the thread on the loom.
00:03:14станке.
00:03:17It is quite possible that fabrics were produced for
00:03:19export.
00:03:24More was produced here than consumed, we can
00:03:28assume. And even then.
00:04:38We observed this in several other female burials, a small
00:04:42knife lying on her hip.
00:04:46Judging by the burial items, the Baiuvarians
00:04:49of Berglerne were wealthy people, many were buried with
00:04:52swords, women often wore valuable jewelry,
00:04:56each find from the grave is documented with a hand-drawn sketch.
00:05:02The bones also indicate that these people were well
00:05:05fed,
00:05:08some were surprisingly tall, almost a meter
00:05:1180. Most are still a little
00:05:14shorter,
00:05:16the average height of women is approximately 1 meter 60, sometimes
00:05:20a little less, sometimes a little more, while men are
00:05:2310 centimeters taller, 1 meter 70
00:05:26-72.
00:05:29These artifacts provide a unique opportunity to look back in time to
00:05:32the days when the tribal Duchy of Bavaria
00:05:35was just forming. All finds are carefully studied
00:05:38by the State Office for the Protection of Historical Monuments, including.
00:05:51these objects, they had neither glasses nor magnifying glasses, and yet, these are
00:05:55beautiful, elegant jewelry
00:05:57decorations,
00:06:04history comes alive, and it seems amazing to me that the
00:06:08longer you look at these artifacts, the more you can glean
00:06:11from them. About jewelry or about how people
00:06:15dressed, we establish a connection with our
00:06:18ancestors, with our past, we begin to understand that they were not
00:06:22so different from us.
00:06:26Even then, the local residents had connections all over the world. This is
00:06:29clearly evidenced by the jewelry found in the
00:06:32graves. The white stones in the brooch were most
00:06:36likely brought from India, but where was it
00:06:38made? I would assume that it was made
00:06:42not in a local Bavarian workshop, but most likely somewhere
00:06:45to the west. We know, for example, that this lady was dressed
00:06:49in the fashion of her time. And the main pattern corresponds
00:06:52to what we might call French style, which
00:06:55prevailed in Paris around the year
00:06:58600. A truly
00:07:01cosmopolitan population settled here.
00:07:04After the fall of the Roman Empire, various ethnic groups mixed on
00:07:08this land. Romans, Celts, Germanic tribes.
00:07:12and Goths.
00:07:16Over time, this people became known as
00:07:18Bavarians, and the region in which they lived,
00:07:22Bavaria.
00:07:25Bavaria, as it is today, was a key region through which
00:07:29one could cross the Alps. It had to
00:07:32be protected, including by military means. This
00:07:35subsequently also applied to the Carolingian dynasty, so yes, it
00:07:39played an important role politically.
00:07:44Archaeological excavations have delayed the planned development of this area
00:07:48by several years,
00:07:52and of course, the municipality has to pay for the work
00:07:55of the archaeologists, the whole project will cost approximately 500 thousand
00:07:59euros,
00:08:01but the mayor and city council are proud of the discoveries made
00:08:04here,
00:08:07now they know that Bergen was settled much earlier than
00:08:10previously thought.
00:08:14We are first mentioned in historical sources in
00:08:17793 AD. But,
00:08:21according to archaeological finds, we are actually much
00:08:24older.
00:08:28Archaeologists do not intend to excavate the entire
00:08:314-hectare
00:08:32area.
00:08:35Most of it is planned to be left undisturbed, to preserve the relics lying under
00:08:39the earth for future generations.
00:08:43The longer artifacts remain in the ground, the better for
00:08:47research. My own curiosity is already satisfied
00:08:50by what we have found, but my successors may want to know
00:08:54much more; we should consider all of this in the long
00:08:57term. Hardly any other archaeological
00:09:01site tells so much about the people who lived, worked, and traded
00:09:04in Bavaria 1400 years ago, about
00:09:08the ancestors of those whom we today call
00:09:11Bavarians.
00:09:39moon?
00:09:42The moon is a desert and for a long time scientists were sure that there was no water
00:09:46on it, however, now we know that
00:09:49there is, but where is it and can it be
00:09:52used?
00:09:55Most of the lunar water is concentrated at the south
00:09:58pole. Many craters in this area do not receive
00:10:02sunlight; according to NASA, they are almost the coldest
00:10:06places in the entire solar system. Water here is found
00:10:10in the form of permanent ice, some of it frozen.
00:10:18The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter LRO showed that here
00:10:21directly beneath the surface there is ice, either in the form of...
00:10:55contains about 100 times more water than lunar
00:10:58dust.
00:11:02Will we be able to access it? This is for
00:11:05future lunar missions to find out. In any case,
00:11:08extracting water will not be easy. Temperatures
00:11:11are very low, the terrain is difficult, and this will require
00:11:14a lot of complex technologies.
00:11:18Access to water will be crucial for upcoming lunar
00:11:22missions. It can be purified and turned into
00:11:26drinking water or broken down into its components: hydrogen
00:11:29and oxygen using
00:11:31electrolysis.
00:11:34These gases can actually be used for breathing or as rocket
00:11:37fuel, however, at first, astronauts will still
00:11:41have to bring water with them from
00:11:42Earth.
00:11:51Space exploration is extremely popular among
00:11:55Generation Z. This is because they open up more
00:11:58opportunities than ever before. SpaceX
00:12:01and Blue Origin, as well as numerous startups that
00:12:04are engaged in satellite technologies, are bringing new dynamics to this field. Now,
00:12:08not only government agencies can explore space.
00:12:11The space industry is expanding and attracting talented
00:12:15specialists.
00:12:21Elias Leuschel is honing his skills in mining
00:13:55planned for twenty-eight within the framework of the Artemis
00:13:584 mission, it is planned that a lunar station will then be built
00:14:02there, replenishing the supplies of such a base with deliveries from Earth
00:14:05is too expensive, so those who remain there will have to use
00:14:09resources very carefully.
00:14:12Lunar astronauts will be forced to breathe the same
00:14:15air again and again, drink the same water, and engage in
00:14:19waste recycling on a huge scale. By finding solutions,
00:14:22we are developing technologies that...
00:14:41And this is what buildings on
00:14:43the moon could look like.
00:14:46In cooperation with the European Space Agency, a London-based
00:14:49design and architecture company has developed a master plan
00:14:53for a modular lunar.
00:15:05where people could work and live for extended periods. One of the main problems is lunar radiation, so thick walls are simply necessary, but how to build them?
00:15:08We won't bring our own concrete to build protective shells
00:15:12or shelters for our astronauts. It's better
00:15:15to use local materials. So we will
00:15:18take regolith, lunar dust to create blocks.
00:15:22We call them tetrapods. We will
00:15:25connect them to each other to create protective
00:15:28structures, similar to caves, under which
00:15:32people will be able to live in inflatable
00:15:34modules.
00:15:37Sounds great, the model also looks impressive, but what
00:15:40about practical
00:15:42implementation?
00:15:45Researcher Moritz Stich is involved in the development of building
00:15:49material, and although regolith is abundant
00:15:52on the moon,
00:15:54it is not quite suitable as a building material. Regolith
00:15:57is somewhat similar to sand, which means that if it is melted, it
00:16:01vitrifies, that is, turns into glass, like
00:16:04sand. An alternative could be sintering.
00:16:16The result is a porous, strong composite material, from
00:16:20which, for example, bricks can be made, and from them then
00:16:23walls can be built. We
00:16:26also use heat-resistant plastic for 3D printing and add
00:16:30regolith to it to increase the total volume. So we will
00:16:33be able to get a larger volume, therefore we need to take less with us.
00:16:40With a special high-temperature printer,
00:16:42it is permissible to process even pure regolith. It can be
00:16:46used both separately and mixed with plastic. 3D
00:16:50printing has huge potential for construction on
00:16:53the moon. NASA has conducted tests using large
00:16:56printers. One of the standing options is to design
00:17:00lightweight inflatable structures and then cover them
00:17:03with regolith. It is planned to involve.
00:17:49Working on lunar projects is incredibly inspiring, it
00:17:53fills me with enthusiasm and I am very grateful for
00:17:56being allowed to be so close to all
00:17:59of this.
00:18:03Imagine that it is the year 3000, what
00:18:06will archaeologists find. in brackets pertaining to our time, most
00:18:09likely pieces of plastic and scraps of synthetic
00:18:12clothing, which are already forming dense layers in the earth,
00:18:16thanks to our addiction to disposable
00:18:18fashion,
00:18:22T-shirts with the latest prints are very
00:18:25trendy, super short distressed-style shorts
00:18:28are simply a must-have in the wardrobe. The latest
00:18:32fast fashion collections will undoubtedly have the same short lifespan
00:18:36as before.
00:18:41Frederike is working on improving
00:18:44sustainability in fashion. One of the obstacles, she says, is
00:18:48the disposable mentality. What actually
00:18:51happens to the things we buy? If you look into a typical
00:18:54closet, you can find that clothes still have tags on them, which means these clothes
00:18:58are completely new, unworn.
00:19:02This phenomenon accounts for about 20% of all clothing
00:19:05produced.
00:19:38The product life cycle is greatly shortened, things have to be changed faster
00:19:42and faster, and consumption grows,
00:19:45more and more goods are bought, as a result, the mountain of waste
00:19:48generated by this system with a short service life also
00:19:51continues to grow.
00:19:54At the Federal Environment Agency in Dessau, in
00:19:57eastern Germany, scientists like Kirim Zaidi are coming up with
00:20:01ways to extend the life of textiles. To do this, they create
00:20:04a digital profile for each item of clothing.
00:20:08With the help of a digital product passport, a consumer who, for example, wants to buy
00:20:12an item in a store, can scan a QR code
00:20:15and immediately access a platform where they can get information about
00:20:18the product. Currently, a whole range of
00:20:21parameters are being considered for inclusion in this information. One of them
00:20:25is the durability of textile fibers. In other
00:20:28words, how long will what I am
00:20:32about to buy last. Another
00:20:34piece of product information could be.
00:20:40And this is how it works: place of production, material
00:20:44composition, recyclability, just scan the
00:20:48QR code on your phone.
00:21:21and if you look closely at individual fast fashion items, it immediately
00:21:24becomes clear how much needs
00:21:26to be done.
00:21:30Before us is a classic T-shirt for 2 euros. The fabric
00:21:34doesn't feel particularly pleasant, and it also smells strongly
00:21:37of chemicals.
00:21:40It is clear that it was made in a very simple way, cut out,
00:21:43folded in half and sewn along
00:21:45the edge.
00:21:48This can be done better.
00:21:51Here at the Berlin University of Applied Sciences,
00:21:55Elisabeth Eppinger studies the sustainability of fibers and
00:21:58textiles, subjecting them to tests in
00:22:00the laboratory.
00:22:03Most fast fashion items are not designed for a long
00:22:06lifespan, just a few testing cycles are enough to
00:22:10reveal weaknesses, although in the store they can easily go
00:22:13unnoticed.
00:22:18Here you can see that along this edge. It has already frayed, the seam
00:22:21has come undone.
00:22:25There is no locking stitch, no additional zigzag
00:22:29stitch on top, no additional thread around to reinforce
00:22:32the edges.
00:22:36This is noticeable from the back side, because of this the seam has completely
00:22:40come undone.
00:22:44Another hoodie looks similar, but the sewing quality is better, so it
00:22:47withstands the strength test better.
00:22:52Here on the cuff you can see that there is more material, it feels
00:22:56more voluminous, denser,
00:23:00wear will definitely take longer,
00:23:01времени,
00:23:04and this part wears out faster, so it needs additional
00:23:07reinforcement here,
00:23:11but during shopping we hardly notice such differences, people, according to
00:23:15her, have forgotten how to recognize true
00:23:18quality.
00:23:22If you look at the textile industry, it becomes obvious that the situation
00:23:26is worsening.
00:23:29And this applies not only to ultra-fast fashion brands, we see
00:23:32the same trend in more expensive price
00:23:34segments.
00:23:38A higher price does not always mean better
00:23:41quality, and no matter how much an item costs, isn't fashion
00:23:45fleeting by its very
00:23:46nature?
00:23:58in the center of Berlin, remains a niche concept, even if consumers are provided with more information about how clothes are made, will they really use it, how much does such
00:24:01information actually influence purchasing decisions?
00:24:05покупке?
00:24:07Oliver McConnell, innovation strategist and fashion
00:24:11expert, is cautious about the digital product
00:24:13passport.
00:24:15We see the attractive aspects of fast fashion, trendy styles,
00:24:19instant.
00:24:30For example, it could be arranged that when choosing a Fair
00:24:33Fashion brand, ethical fashion, people receive
00:24:36climate points, and then they can exchange them for a discount on
00:24:40electricity, or somehow otherwise reduce utility
00:24:44costs, a kind of cashback program where you immediately
00:24:48get a benefit for your.
00:25:29After the preparatory introductory phase, which will begin in twenty-seven,
00:25:33the digital product passport for textile products in the EU should come into force in
00:25:372028.
00:28:36in an instant, it was all a blow, a tear and
00:28:40that's it, I made a minute of silence, I thought, maybe
00:28:43I'll hear their voices, they dug up my
00:28:46mother-in-law there five minutes
00:28:48later, I realized that there were
00:28:52no signs of life in her anymore, that is, I
00:28:55understood that she
00:28:58was also gone.
00:29:13You come out of this forest and you see this huge
00:29:16machine,
00:29:20our station in all, so to speak, information
00:29:24publics called a dangerous Chernobyl-type
00:29:28station. Danger is always present.
00:30:38became very interesting to watch in winter.
00:30:41Croatia recently fully joined the EU, but
00:30:45it is already impressive with the rapid implementation of solar
00:30:48energy. Croatia.