Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:11"Whereas otherwise, an important activity in cattle farming is to
00:00:15haul manure and place it in piles, then young farmer Argo can skip all these
00:00:19steps, because his cattle are outside
00:00:21all year round.
00:00:25Both in summer and winter, there is no difference. In summer, we graze them,
00:00:29in summer they move around more, in winter they are on a smaller area,
00:00:32but how does this system work, do you change
00:00:36fields, what do you do here, well, actually,
00:00:39it's like this: we have these feeding rings, where we put the feed,
00:00:43so essentially, every time I put a new bale, I move the ring
00:00:47to a new place, which means that we actually
00:00:50started coming from the edge of the forest back there,
00:00:54so we put these rings in a row and then we moved them
00:00:58forward, forward in one row... in the second row, the third, and so on, until we eventually
00:01:01go through the whole field. So,
00:01:04depending on how many animals there are, that's how much space and acres are needed,
00:01:08but you don't have to clean up the manure here,
00:01:12no, we don't, because a thick layer of manure
00:01:15or a cake doesn't form here, so, as much as
00:01:19it forms here, you can see it, right, and and what
00:01:22they, what they don't eat, what remains here as hay or
00:01:26silage stubble, it just gets trampled in with the manure. mixed, and
00:01:30it forms a thick mulch layer. What are the restrictions,
00:01:33how much manure can be here, because they produce it
00:01:37every day, all year round? Yes,
00:01:40it's important to observe the given restrictions,
00:01:43so, depending on how many animals
00:01:47you have and what is the number of days they spend in the field,
00:01:50accordingly to that,
00:01:53the size of the field must
00:01:55also be suitable, it's not possible to just put them on a very small
00:01:59area and then have many animals, and then indeed the layer of
00:02:03manure would be big, so if it's simply spread out over a sufficiently large
00:02:07area, then it doesn't break the rules,
00:02:09so keeping cattle outside all year round is not that easy
00:02:13and rosy, you still have to do something with them here. Well, I still
00:02:17have to, yes, it's not that easy. If you look at today's weather,
00:02:21it's quite muddy and mucky here, so you can
00:02:24imagine how pleasant it is to feed them here in winter, when it's 20 degrees
00:02:27cold and dark and the wind howls and... snow falls, so
00:02:31that means I always have to come to this field myself, whether I come here
00:02:35with a tractor or on foot, it doesn't matter, but I always have to come here, bring water
00:02:38here, put feed here, check the feed, inspect
00:02:42the animals, so that means that my own life is also
00:02:46significantly more inconvenient, so, if all the animals were in the barn, it would be nice
00:02:50and pleasant, you go there, turn on the lights, the wind doesn't blow, and everything is
00:02:53dry and dry and great, so that is perhaps one of the biggest
00:02:57challenges, but at the same time, in spring, I save that time, so,
00:03:01in winter, there is actually more opportunity to, so to speak,
00:03:05waste this time, so when
00:03:08spring fieldwork begins, there is actually no more time to start hauling manure out of the barn
00:03:12and putting it in piles and so on, so this is, in my opinion, also
00:03:16a significant
00:03:18time-saver.
00:03:22Before moving the cattle outside, Argo kept them in the barn
00:03:25for some time. We once started with two
00:03:29sheep and then some time later
00:03:32four cattle were added, right, if you look at this batch today, there are
00:03:36significantly more of them here, so that means that essentially
00:03:40at one point they no longer fit into our old barn, simply
00:03:44and then when they no longer fit into the barn, that's where it all
00:03:47came from, that,
00:03:51that we started feeding them outside in winter. If you had a
00:03:54top-notch, large barn, would you rather keep them in the barn or still
00:03:57outside? Hard to say, I think in some ways, the convenience
00:04:01and efficiency of a barn would perhaps even
00:04:04win, but from the
00:04:07field's perspective, I think it's much better if they are outside,
00:04:11so what happens to that field next, they don't stay here forever, they go to the next field,
00:04:14right? Yes, so actually,
00:04:17this particular field, it's
00:04:21one part, we're going to move further here this winter
00:04:25or spring, and finally, when the animals leave
00:04:29here altogether to graze in the pasture, after that, the plan is actually
00:04:32to disc this field and sow turnips
00:04:36here entirely. Will it then be a more powerful turnip crop
00:04:40thanks to all this manure? In any case, more powerful than without manure,
00:04:43so, and well, we have actually tried different
00:04:47options, so it all depends on what
00:04:50last year we were in another field,
00:04:54so it then depends on what was in that field
00:04:58when they came there in autumn, right?
00:05:00That field had been grassland for quite a long time
00:05:04and rather needed fertilizer, then the previous
00:05:07field was essentially the same, but there we had planned
00:05:10cereals, so that...
00:05:12it always depends on what your cultivation plans foresee,
00:05:16where and what you are going to
00:05:18sow.
00:05:22Well, I think manure is good for every field, so, actually,
00:05:26I would say that there is too little manure in Estonia, so,
00:05:30there should be more animals, then there would be
00:05:34more opportunity for cereal growers to
00:05:37use manure instead of mineral
00:05:41fertilizers, and all this agriculture would be
00:05:44a little bit cleaner and better. So where do they
00:05:48sleep? Well, actually, in addition to
00:05:52us putting feed in the rings here for them,
00:05:55we then use either straw, old
00:05:58hay, old silage, these
00:06:01rolls that are no longer very good for feed, so we actually unroll
00:06:05them here onto the field, simply, so
00:06:08we rather help unroll the silage rolls with a tractor, the hay rolls
00:06:11we push open by hand, so we unroll the entire
00:06:15bale here, a nice dry carpet forms, and they sleep
00:06:19on it, and depending on the weather, sometimes they can manage with that roll
00:06:22for a day, sometimes for a week, so
00:06:26it depends on how wet and muddy it is. But
00:06:29when will the cattle come back here? The cattle will come back
00:06:32here well, I think
00:06:35maybe in autumn,
00:06:39but actually, in this specific
00:06:42context, it's that,
00:06:46that we have found that
00:06:50sheep don't really eat turnips and they don't really eat the turnip tops
00:06:53either, so last year, with one
00:06:56field where turnips were sown, to prevent it from getting too
00:06:59weedy, we grazed sheep there for a while, so the sheep, so to speak,
00:07:03removed the weeds or grass from there, so that the turnips could grow better,
00:07:06so in the case of this field, I think
00:07:09the same thing will probably happen, that,
00:07:13since we are not going to plow it, the same old grass will definitely
00:07:17grow here again, so in order for it not to, so to speak,
00:07:20smother the turnips, we will probably graze sheep here in summer, so to speak,
00:07:24weed the turnips, and maybe in autumn,
00:07:28when the turnip season is over, maybe then
00:07:31there will be a moment when cattle come here again, maybe they won't come at all this
00:07:35year, so it's a bit of a decision to be made on the
00:07:38fly." "
00:08:02Evergreen and coniferous hedges help to limit
00:08:06views and create privacy for us. In order for
00:08:10them to fulfill their task well, we must take care of them again. In spring, we
00:08:13should assess whether our thuja or other
00:08:17conifers are feeling well.
00:08:20Here is a thuja variety
00:08:23called Smaragd. It is also very common to use
00:08:27thuja of the Brabant variety, from which you can grow
00:08:30nice hedges to enclose your property. These
00:08:34trees look very beautiful and green
00:08:37from afar. However, we should also take a look at their
00:08:40interior, because from here we see a lot
00:08:44of orange conifers, and in the case of thuja,
00:08:48we generally fear the color orange, because we
00:08:51have all seen those ugly orange
00:08:54hedges, i.e., dried thuja
00:08:57hedges. When we establish a hedge for ourselves, for two to three years
00:09:01after planting, we should still cover it with
00:09:04a shading fabric for winter, so that the spring sun does not burn
00:09:07our trees. Inside here, however, these orange
00:09:11branches are actually nothing bad, it is the thuja's
00:09:14natural aging process, but we
00:09:17should still clean them out from here, because if
00:09:21they remain here for too long, then
00:09:24too much moisture will accumulate here, air cannot
00:09:27pass through the tree, and that's when various
00:09:31disease foci can appear. I have
00:09:34placed a tarp under the plants
00:09:37with the idea that it will be easy to collect all
00:09:41these dry branches and burn them, because
00:09:44it is not recommended to put this fallen
00:09:46foliage in the compost pile, and
00:09:50also because there may already be some
00:09:53fungal disease foci here, and they will certainly not
00:09:56be destroyed in the compost.
00:09:59When working with thuja, gloves and long-sleeved
00:10:02clothing should definitely be worn, because
00:10:06conifers in general cause skin irritation,
00:10:09and to protect yourself from it, it is wise
00:10:13to wear gloves.
00:10:20If we should discover a branch on our
00:10:22thuja that has turned orange, then we can boldly
00:10:26cut it out. However, if a very large part of the thuja has
00:10:30turned orange and we start cutting it, then we will create
00:10:33a hole in our plant, and it will take
00:10:36several years for it to grow back. This must be
00:10:40taken into account. However, if a thuja branch
00:10:44has, for example, bent outwards due to the weight of snow,
00:10:47then it can be boldly tied to another branch, and
00:10:51the thuja will actually restore its original shape relatively successfully.
00:10:56Once the tree has been cleaned, it is the right time to
00:10:59fertilize it. For this, you should use
00:11:02fertilizer specifically designed for conifers,
00:11:05and again, read the back of the package to find out
00:11:08how much and when to apply fertilizer. You should definitely use only
00:11:12one type of fertilizer throughout the season, not
00:11:16mix different ones. If
00:11:19we see that the tree is perhaps still a little dull and there is
00:11:22that orangish color at its
00:11:26branch tips, then we could also use
00:11:29Epsom salt for fertilization. Epsom salt is a white fertilizer
00:11:33and by its nature it is a magnesium fertilizer.
00:11:37Now, first, let's collect this cover
00:11:40together with these fallen
00:11:42branches, and only then can we
00:11:46start
00:11:47fertilizing.
00:11:55If there are still fallen
00:11:58branches visible under the tree,
00:12:01then rake those up as well, that is,
00:12:04clean the entire area under the tree.
00:12:22For this fertilizer, it says on the package that
00:12:2580 to 100 grams of fertilizer
00:12:28should be applied per square meter, and it also says that
00:12:32one handful is about 40 grams, so for this
00:12:36one tree we will now give two handfuls
00:12:39of fertilizer.
00:12:41When fertilizing, you must definitely wear gloves, and now
00:12:45we will try to sprinkle this fertilizer under the tree
00:12:47trunk,
00:12:52and of course, so that the back of the tree also gets some.
00:12:55Then
00:13:01we use a hoe
00:13:04so that we can mix the fertilizer into the soil properly
00:13:07and it reaches the roots
00:13:09properly. When fertilizing, you can also make holes in the
00:13:13ground with a crowbar and put the fertilizer into those holes, that way the
00:13:17fertilizer also reaches
00:13:19the roots quickly.
00:13:27After fertilizing, it is also definitely necessary to water the plants, because
00:13:31plants absorb fertilizer in dissolved form. Now,
00:13:35there are still a few more plants waiting, so good luck
00:13:38to all of us.
00:13:56"The long stories have been shown to you, and in the tips corner today
00:14:00we meet mosquitoes. Namely, I saw a good
00:14:03tip on a fishing page on how to
00:14:06divert mosquitoes' attention from yourself. For this, you only need
00:14:10used plastic bottles, such a
00:14:13five-liter water jug, then
00:14:16we take ordinary water bottles, whatever
00:14:19soda bottles, and we put them here
00:14:22like this, so that the mosquitoes are calm,
00:14:26and on the other side, in the same way, we cut off this neck
00:14:30here,
00:14:36we make a hole
00:14:37in this bottle,
00:14:42and we put it
00:14:44in the same way
00:14:46here. And now the content is very
00:14:50important, which attracts mosquitoes.
00:14:54So, namely, we only need water,
00:14:57yeast, and sugar, which mosquitoes
00:14:59like, and we put this yeast
00:15:03here
00:15:04into the water bottle,
00:15:10similarly
00:15:11sugar,
00:15:18well, just
00:15:19generously.
00:15:26We mix this mixture,
00:15:27and
00:15:31now it will start fermenting, and you know, allegedly
00:15:35mosquitoes really like it.
00:15:40"We pour it into this large
00:15:41barrel,
00:15:51and believe me, mosquitoes will start flying to it,
00:15:55and they will come from this hole and from this
00:15:58hole, and they like it, and they will
00:16:02leave you alone. We are still waiting for your tips at
00:16:06the address
00:16:07Maahommik@err.ee,
00:16:10and we'll see you next week, all the best.
00:18:58in today's "Ringvaade," look, if we look down here, oh boy, the invasion of Lusitanian
00:19:02and road slugs made one Estonian man so angry
00:19:06that he decided to become an inventor. Now, nine
00:19:093D printers producing slug feeders are roaring
00:19:13in his garage. Can you get rich
00:19:15with such a slug house business?
00:19:19No, definitely not, I don't think I would do this
00:19:23to get rich very quickly, very
00:19:25quickly.
00:20:27as you can see, the summer "Ringvaade" is starting, and we are starting
00:20:29with a rather unpleasant topic, namely Lusitanian
00:20:33road slugs, but we won't arrange anything disgusting for you right away, we'll rather talk
00:20:37about how
00:20:39these unpleasant creatures forced one Estonian man to
00:20:42invent?
00:20:46Summers keep passing, and the fight against Spanish road slugs seems
00:20:50endless. One man even started inventing
00:20:52because of it.
00:20:56So, look, if we look down here, oh boy, here's an especially
00:21:00big one, well, let's try, let's collect them and see if
00:21:04we can maybe give them this. For me, it all started
00:21:07four years ago, when I moved here to
00:21:11Viimsi rural municipality, and I had heard that there were a lot of slugs, that it was a
00:21:15huge problem for people, but I thought it might be a bit
00:21:18exaggerated, but then at some point towards the end of summer,
00:21:22I discovered on the terrace that all my beautiful petunias were completely
00:21:25dead, and when I lifted the edge of that plant, I found that the pot was
00:21:28thick with slugs and everything had been eaten, but then when I started investigating,
00:21:32I found that there were actually slime trails on the windows,
00:21:35slime trails along the edges of the terrace, and here and there in the corners of the garden, especially
00:21:39in shadier spots, there were thick concentrations of slugs, so we're not talking about tens,
00:21:42we're talking about hundreds of slugs across the whole property. The main
00:21:46problem is that behind my garden there's
00:21:49a railway. The edge of which is basically completely unmaintained, and on one side there's an empty
00:21:52plot where they mow from time to time, but the grass is still knee-high, and
00:21:56the living conditions for slugs to multiply are excellent there, and they migrate
00:21:59from there to me.
00:22:02At first, Hendrik tried to fight the slugs by scattering
00:22:05poison pellets in risk areas. Essentially, it
00:22:09worked. The biggest problem for me was the high
00:22:12financial cost, that poison is quite expensive and a lot of it is needed. How big was the financial damage then?
00:22:16Well, during peak months, I would say around 130-150 euros per month
00:22:20could be spent on that poison, and then I started looking for an alternative, how I
00:22:24could serve that same poison in smaller quantities, plus,
00:22:27so that birds and
00:22:30it. The solution was a slug
00:22:33feeder, which of course sounds much more caring than it actually
00:22:37is. The working principle of the trap is that in this inner
00:22:40cylindrical part there is a dry yeast and
00:22:44sugar mixture, which due to morning dew or
00:22:48moisture from rain starts to ferment. And the smell of this fermentation actually attracts
00:22:51the slugs to the trap and this lid, which goes on
00:22:55top, is now made so that the gap between this cylinder and the lid
00:22:59is precisely small enough for air to move through, meaning the smell spreads, but the
00:23:02slugs actually can't fit inside, and now here is the second container, which is the
00:23:06octagonal container with a lower rim, into which goes the
00:23:10slug poison, iron salt granules, which are sold under quite
00:23:13a few different names, and the slug then
00:23:16comes to the smell, puts its head through this opening, and
00:23:20since the slug can't really see anything, it smells it and eats everything in its
00:23:23path, so it puts its head in here, fills its belly with poison
00:23:27and goes on its way, so this funnel goes in here, just put the funnel
00:23:31in here, now you can conveniently pour it in with a tablespoon
00:23:34or some other suitable small scoop. I gave some to a few friends
00:23:38to try and to neighbors, to my parents, and then I
00:23:42made a video on Instagram, the purpose of which was actually just
00:23:46to bring viewers to my channel, but after that, dozens
00:23:50of people started writing to me, saying they had a huge problem
00:23:54and wanted help, asking if they could buy traps from me, and then, yes, 48 hours later
00:23:57I had a business, and I started with one printer, then I
00:24:00rented one printer, and now today I have nine machines
00:24:03on the shelf.
00:24:07As of today, Hendrik has received orders for 1500
00:24:10houses. From where was the furthest order placed? Yes, orders come
00:24:14from all over Estonia, which was surprising for me too, I thought it was a Harjumaa problem,
00:24:18maybe bigger centers, but really from Hiiumaa, Saaremaa,
00:24:21Jõhvi, Rahla, Võru, from everywhere. Is one house enough, put it in the garden
00:24:25and it's fine? Absolutely not. I always tell everyone that I don't really
00:24:29want to give him just one, because that one is great, you put it down, you see the
00:24:33slugs coming, but it doesn't have any effect. I always recommend everyone
00:24:36to put them along the perimeter, because you don't want them to come into your yard at all, and
00:24:40with a step of about five meters, so its working radius should be around five to six
00:24:43meters. You can't just put them down and then it's fine, you still have to
00:24:47do some work too, yes, absolutely, the thing only works if you also put in the effort and
00:24:50deal with it yourself.
00:24:55To put it mildly, this means that everyone has to mix the road slugs'
00:24:59last supper themselves. So, here we first put the yeast, as they say,
00:25:03we mix the yeast and sugar first in a separate container, because mixing
00:25:06it inside here is a bit troublesome, especially if they are already on the ground and you
00:25:10refill them repeatedly. Roughly by volume,
00:25:13sugar and dry yeast go half and half. I don't even
00:25:17think it's very important how precise the
00:25:20ratio is.
00:25:23Where did you come up with this recipe? You know, I just started
00:25:26experimenting myself, I actually started this with beer,
00:25:30uh, the working principle of beer is actually the same, that
00:25:33beer is also a fermented drink, and the smell of fermentation
00:25:37is what attracts the slugs, but with beer,
00:25:40the problem for me was that, firstly, it evaporates quickly, the smell disappears
00:25:44from it in, well, in my opinion, one or two days, and
00:25:47in addition, if it's a hot summer day, it simply
00:25:50evaporates. And if it has evaporated, then you have a sticky,
00:25:53somewhat slimy substance that you have to wash, so now it's, so to speak,
00:25:57a dry beer alternative. Exactly, it slowly ferments and let's say, when I
00:26:01take this funnel off, it's nice, clean, tidy, nothing drips
00:26:05over, I put it in place, then I think after about two days, when I lift the lid
00:26:08off, then you can see that it's like bread dough, bubbling very gently, now the gas
00:26:12goes
00:26:13on
00:26:16and then it can be lifted into place, and finally it goes through the lid with this stake
00:26:20into the ground, so that the stake holds it in place and also holds the lid on, so that the slugs
00:26:24don't take the house away, exactly, so that the slugs don't take the house away, and what is actually
00:26:28most important, firstly, that water doesn't get in, and that all sorts of
00:26:32curious hedgehogs and birds and all other possible animals don't get
00:26:36access to the contents. How often are they then refilled? During such a
00:26:40peak season, when there are really a lot of these slugs, then there is a three or four-day
00:26:44interval, I open the lid, the poison is almost eaten up,
00:26:47but at the same time, some traps, where there are fewer visitors, for example, at the end of the street, it's
00:26:51about a week and a bit longer before intervention is needed. What I have also discovered
00:26:55here is that these slugs, similarly to ants, have
00:26:59their own places where they move, this is probably where there are fewer stones or there are no
00:27:03roots in the way or the grass is shorter, so some traps
00:27:06are always emptied faster than
00:27:07others.
00:27:11During the day, Hendrik works with electric vehicles, and 3D
00:27:14printing has been helpful to him for a long time. While many
00:27:18people also play and perhaps make toys or some
00:27:21decorative items for themselves, for me, 3D printing is a tool
00:27:24for quickly making a prototype of something or some other
00:27:28tool, for example, a research fixture, if I'm making something out of wood,
00:27:32if... "I'm putting something somewhere, I also work
00:27:35in manufacturing, before we start manufacturing something, open expensive
00:27:39molds, then 3D printing just gives a very quick opportunity
00:27:42to hold prototypes and some product that doesn't
00:27:45exist.
00:27:48Currently, nine 3D printers are producing trap
00:27:51houses in Hendrik's garage. If everything goes smoothly, there are no
00:27:54problems, and I am also at home, my wife is at home, and I can
00:27:58empty the machines and refill them again, then it's
00:28:01doable to put 150 pieces into a box
00:28:05during the day. Can you get rich with such a
00:28:08slug house business? No, definitely not,
00:28:11I don't think I would do this to get rich very quickly, very
00:28:15to get rich, rather, I started it purely out of my own
00:28:18needs, and then it just went like this, that I see that people are
00:28:22helped by it, I want to offer
00:28:24people something to try that I invented myself and
00:28:28not pay extra for it. Aren't you afraid that someone will take your so-called...
00:28:32idea and start producing it cheaper somewhere, I don't know, in Asian countries,
00:28:35I can't protect myself against that, that, uh, I'm currently dealing with this
00:28:39design patent, I have submitted my
00:28:41drawings and handed them in, but in the end
00:28:45it's that if in Asia someone starts to copy my idea,
00:28:48then at least I can be proud as an engineer that my idea was so
00:28:52good that someone actually
00:28:53mass-produced it.