Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00for Sierra Leone to see on France 24 and our social
00:00:07magnitude from other wholesalers in
00:00:08minors, however unaccompanied level, especially unaccompanied networks, it's 10pm in Paris, back to
00:00:11under Spanish the essentials on France 24, at the top this evening, Raphael Glucksmann's victory in France in the first round of the left-wing primary,
00:00:15he won with 66% of the votes, he wants to be the
00:00:19candidate who can beat the far right, we're going to talk about it in a moment with
00:00:23Roseline Fèvre, head of the political service of France
00:00:2524, political news in Spain
00:00:28also with a first. campaign ahead of the legislative elections in November,
00:00:32the housing crisis and the migratory crisis are at the heart of the tensions,
00:00:36analysis to follow from our guest Nicolas Clin:
00:00:54the Socialist Party therefore has its official candidate for 2027, it's
00:00:58MEP Raphael Glucksmann, he... won this Sunday the left-wing primary in
00:01:01the first round,
00:01:05week following the announcement of he who advocates a clear break with
00:01:05civil wars that West La France Insoumise, he also presents himself as the candidate who can beat
00:01:09the far right, we're going to listen to him, it was this evening on France
00:01:14conditions. First of all, we will be able to produce 2, it's the victory of all those who believe that we need a democratic left in
00:01:18our country, that the left must break with this
00:01:21hegemony of Jean-Luc Mélenchon over it, that it
00:01:24must propose a project that strengthens the Republic, that
00:01:27strengthens democracy, that strengthens... social justice that
00:01:31strengthens the ecological imperative, you
00:01:34know, I am convinced that there are millions of French women and men
00:01:37who are waiting for this moment, who are waiting to be able to vote
00:01:41without sacrificing a part of themselves, without telling themselves that they are simply voting against,
00:01:45but that they are voting for what they believe in, for what constitutes their
00:01:48political identity, it is to them that I address myself, your time has
00:01:51come, this election will be our
00:01:53election,
00:01:55Raphael Glucksmann's optimism, we talk about it with you, Roseline Fèvre, good evening,
00:01:59good evening. We expected him to win this primary, he was in
00:02:03any case considered the favorite, perhaps not in the first round, it's a
00:02:07strong signal that he
00:02:10government on the importance of wins this weekend, yes of course, it's a very nice very nice victory, 66%, it's
00:02:14huge, it's on the other hand a huge slap in the face
00:02:17for Olivier Faure, the leader of the Socialist
00:02:20Party, and in a way the
00:02:22victory, if so well wrapped if I may
00:02:26say for Raphael Glucksmann, well that kind of...
00:02:30the option for the moment of François Hollande who
00:02:33was a bit in ambush and who also
00:02:36represents social democracy,
00:02:40if it had been Olivier Faure it would have been a different ball game
00:02:43and in that case François Hollande could
00:02:47Koriardu, on the premises of have gone frankly,
00:02:50now he hopes perhaps that Raphael
00:02:53Glucksmann won't really rise in the polls, for now he
00:02:57is at 12, 13, there will be. dynamic anyway, so that's
00:03:01what we need to look at, if he will have this dynamic and in that case
00:03:05uh I imagine that well François Hollande
00:03:08will obviously give up going, I'm talking about him because he is
00:03:12the former president of the Republic and it's true that it was playing out tonight
00:03:16it's this double trigger actually in a way
00:03:20that was playing out but he also has two things is that we now clearly
00:03:23see that he has these famous two irreconcilable
00:03:26lefts that had been theorized, you remember by Manuel
00:03:30Valls, that is to say the radical left and a social-democratic
00:03:33European anti-Putin left
00:03:36uh, the social-democratic
00:03:39anti-Putin left that you are talking about, it will now have to unite, the debates
00:03:43before this primary, the debates of the primary were particularly
00:03:47diamond trade, the industry's stormy between the five candidates, will they
00:03:49succeed in now shaking hands until
00:03:53victory, well that's the whole question,
00:03:56shock following normally a primary, it's that when you do a primary in a
00:04:00Avascal in Madrid. and party it's because it doesn't have a natural candidate who is
00:04:02really there and so it's a factor as everyone many people say
00:04:06of division normally the primary
00:04:09the logic would have it that the primary chooses the best and that everyone goes
00:04:13behind him, today they have
00:04:16chosen in any case a clear line, but will they all
00:04:19be behind him, that's the big question, it's Ségolène Royal
00:04:23who had called him an intern,
00:04:26will she go ring the bells
00:04:29in the villages, roll up her sleeves
00:04:32for Raphael Glucksmann, not sure,
00:04:35is Olivier Faure who was the partisan of extending a
00:04:39hand to sorry to the Insoumises,
00:04:43had Raphael Glucksmann's answer tonight, excuse me, I have a
00:04:47cat in my throat, rupture, he said it,
00:04:50rupture of Jean-Luc Mélenchon's hegemony, he
00:04:54therefore has these these supporters not
00:04:58so sure. Raphael Glucksmann says he
00:05:01simply wants to beat the far right, except that
00:05:05for now he's not in the second round, the far right, yes,
00:05:08how will he catch up on all his delay, yes that's the whole question.
00:05:12and especially the key question
00:05:15is how he maneuvers
00:05:18to first expand his base, what he
00:05:22tells each other and above all if he can
00:05:26catch up with Jean-Luc Mélenchon, that's the question after
00:05:29uh anyway the National Rally is in
00:05:32the lead in all opinion polls, that's clear
00:05:36beating Marine Le Pen anyway. but anything can happen
00:05:39in a campaign, you've seen with Jordan Bardella
00:05:43who was the darling, the dauphin, the
00:05:46presidential if Marine Le Pen was prevented for the
00:05:49affairs, who today with the Mediapart affair
00:05:52is crumbling, so you see that in all
00:05:55electoral campaigns, at some point things reverse, either for
00:05:58exogenous reasons, that is to say external,
00:06:02or
00:06:06extérieur, soit
00:06:09accidents along the way, things that come out.
00:06:13on François Fillon and his famous suit, so many things
00:06:16can happen, so clever is the one or very clever
00:06:20tonight, the one who can say what will happen, I don't know,
00:06:24it's all a question of indeed dynamics, news,
00:06:27and then of program already because Raphael
00:06:31Glucksmann still has to make his program, but in any case he can
00:06:35believe in a victory at this stage, yes and tonight it
00:06:38looked like yes a victorious evening of course, thank you thank you
00:06:42very much. Roseline, we will now move on to the news in Spain, we
00:06:45announced it yesterday, the campaign has started in view of the early
00:06:49legislative elections on November 29th, two subjects
00:06:52crystallize tensions, the migratory crisis and the housing
00:06:56crisis, we are going to listen to the socialist and conservative candidates Pedro Sanchez and
00:06:59Alberto Nougnez Feiro during their first meeting this
00:07:03weekend.
00:07:07We must protect our security, protect
00:07:10our borders, protect our rights. We must protect
00:07:14our way of life, three words:
00:07:17security and prosperity, and one
00:07:20decision, to serve and defend
00:07:22Spain.
00:07:25Today, the social cause bears the name of a 97-year-old woman, who
00:07:29died after being evicted from her home, and who told
00:07:33us something very important to keep in mind during all these
00:07:36days, all these years of government that will follow November 29.
00:07:40She told us that no one else should suffer what I
00:07:44suffered.
00:07:46And Nicolas Clin, good evening, you are a Spanish teacher in preparatory class
00:07:50specializing in Spain so that we understand well what is happening at the moment
00:07:53in the country, the president of the Spanish government Pedro Sanchez has
00:07:57called early legislative elections for what exact
00:08:00reason?
00:08:03So for what exact reason, in fact, because he noted, what everyone
00:08:07had already noted for a long time, including himself in
00:08:10reality, is that... he doesn't have a majority in
00:08:13parliament, he doesn't have a majority around his
00:08:16government coalition which includes both the Spanish Socialist Workers'
00:08:20Party and the radical left of Soumar
00:08:23and it exploded into the open, it was revealed into the open with the
00:08:27attempt on the part of
00:08:31Pedro Sanchez to pass two royal decree-laws
00:08:34concerning housing following the Marie Carmen Abascal case. So
00:08:37that's not new, in reality, he has never had a majority
00:08:41around him since the July
00:08:452023 elections, what is called the
00:08:48investiture bloc which had allowed him to remain in power was an extremely
00:08:52circumstantial bloc, some elements of which
00:08:55have gradually moved away, I am thinking particularly of the Catalan separatist
00:08:59right-wing party Together for Catalonia and noting
00:09:02that, he wanted to take the gamble
00:09:05of the social
00:09:09the eviction of Marie Carmen
00:09:12the failure of these two decree-laws saying "I'm going to ask
00:09:16the voters, especially the progressive voters, to give me
00:09:20a real majority
00:09:23for myself and eventually also for my radical left allies like
00:09:27Soumar who will actually become what is now called the broad front "frenteam
00:09:30plio" but it's another name for more or less the same thing. We understand that this famous
00:09:34housing crisis with Marie Carmen Abascal was finally
00:09:38favorable to Pedro Sanchez to be able to justify these new elections and perhaps..."
00:09:43obtain a majority, but he has another crisis at the moment that
00:09:46is attracting attention, it's the migrant crisis that started
00:09:50this summer in Ceuta, most of these migrants were sent back
00:09:54to Morocco, but several thousands remained on Spanish territory without being
00:09:57taken care of, it was only this Sunday that the last large migrant camp was
00:10:01dismantled in Ceuta, why did Pedro Sanchez and his government
00:10:05take so long to get the situation under
00:10:07control?
00:10:10So the problem in Ceuta. complex because you have
00:10:14immigrants who were quickly expelled effectively, a large number
00:10:18also left on their own accord in the days that
00:10:21followed the entry of tens of thousands.
00:10:25of people illegally into Ceuta, but you also have
00:10:28more complex cases on an administrative
00:10:33minors, both
00:10:36law and with regard to European legislation, cannot
00:10:40be expelled just like that, in fact European
00:10:43law and consequently Spanish law
00:10:45states that an unaccompanied minor
00:10:49must first be processed
00:10:52administratively according to his best interests. and so this
00:10:56takes much longer on an administrative and judicial
00:10:59level, in reality these two cases, the Ceuta case
00:11:02and the housing case, the Marie Carmine Avascal case are
00:11:06not necessarily as favorable as that to
00:11:09Pedro Sanchez and the left, on the Ceuta case it's quite
00:11:13unfavorable, even very unfavorable to Pedro Sanchez because there is a whole
00:11:17part of the Spanish population that reproaches him for having taken too long to
00:11:21act and even to communicate on the issue and as for the housing case we will
00:11:24see... what comes of it, but the first polls that came out this
00:11:30the dissolution of parliament are very far from being favorable to the left and that's an
00:11:33understatement. Will Pedro Sanchez manage to mobilize his
00:11:37electorate on the housing issue? Perhaps, we'll see, he has already been able to
00:11:41recover from complicated situations in the past, but this one is particularly
00:11:44unfavorable for him. Thank you, thank you very much Nicolas Clin for
00:11:48your insights, stay with us on France 24, now we
00:11:52are going to move on to the return ticket from... 24 years ago
00:11:56the negotiations of the Kimberly Process began, designed to put
00:12:00an end to the trade in blood diamonds, made famous
00:12:03by the Sierra Leone civil war, accused
00:12:07of complicity, the diamond industry has since sought to clean up its
00:12:10image, but a quarter of a century later, have former blood diamonds really
00:12:14become synonymous with development? We talk about it with
00:12:17Sarah Saco and Simon
00:12:18Martin.
00:12:33Never heard of the term of blood diamonds before. Blood diamonds may
00:12:37once have been an alien concept to the supermodel Naami Camble. It
00:12:41certainly isn't now. Over one million diggers like these
00:12:44search for diamonds in Africa. They make less than
00:12:47dollar a day. During the 90s, in Sierra
00:12:51Leone, in the Democratic Republic of Congo or in Ivory Coast.
00:12:55diamonds were used as currency for the purchase of weapons during civil
00:12:58wars. They were called blood
00:13:02diamonds, they were at the heart of the civil war that
00:13:05devastated Sierra Leone during the 1990s.
00:13:09The battle for control of the diamond mines was bloody
00:13:13for the local populations and led to a parallel economy
00:13:17supported by large international firms. An
00:13:20illegal trade that probably brought in up to 125 million
00:13:24dollars. per year and financed the fighting, and it is thanks to
00:13:28Hollywood that the general public truly became aware of the
00:13:31scandal, thanks to the film Blood Diamonds with
00:13:34Leonardo DiCaprio released in 2006, an
00:13:38exposure that forced the global diamond industry, which was singled out,
00:13:42to change its rules to try to restore its
00:13:45image. 25 years ago, the Kimberly
00:13:48Process began, negotiations through which the major producing countries and international
00:13:52diamond groups established. a control of the origin of the
00:13:56stones to prevent history from repeating itself. A quarter of a century
00:14:00later, the industry claims to have changed, speaks of
00:14:03ethical trade, of development of local communities, but in the
00:14:07district of Kono, the epicenter of the former blood
00:14:12promises are far from all fulfilled. Return ticket to
00:14:16Sierra Leone on the trail of blood diamonds, it's a report by Sarah
00:14:19Saco and Simon
00:14:20Martin.
00:14:36Father, we entrust Sierra Leone to you,
00:14:39God, I pray that you will raise our nation, that you will bless our
00:14:42nation, let's pray for more opportunities in this country,
00:14:46more businesses and job opportunities, for those who are without
00:14:49work, in the name of Jesus Christ, these
00:14:52sermons are recognizable among thousands.
00:14:55Yet, it was not them that made the reputation of Pastor
00:14:58Emmanuel Momo. 10
00:15:01years ago, the man of faith, then an artisanal miner,
00:15:05discovers on his exploitation a stone that
00:15:08will change his life and make the round of the
00:15:10world. A pastor working in the mines of Eastern
00:15:14Sierra Leone has the nurced a 706 karat
00:15:16diamond. Still, it's one of the
00:15:18top.
00:15:23A stone that the pastor named.
00:15:37if I sold it to a local buyer, it would not benefit the nation,
00:15:41so I decided to hand it over to the
00:15:42government,
00:15:50the pastor has since left the diamond world, but he has not
00:15:54forgotten his region of origin, goodbye everyone,
00:15:58monde,
00:16:01the Kono district several hundred kilometers to
00:16:04the east, the diamond heartland of the country.
00:16:09The Kono district is a region where diamonds have been found
00:16:13for over a century.
00:16:37In 1980. 11, the country ignites, it's the
00:16:40beginning of one of the most violent
00:16:43Africa has known. The control of Kono and its diamonds
00:16:47becomes an absolute priority for the rebels who pour into the
00:16:50region. Here is a typical example of one of the
00:16:54common pits in the Kono district called the savage's
00:16:57well. Thus begins one of the darkest
00:17:01pages in Sierra Leone's history, and a
00:17:04tragically famous traffic.
00:18:0715% of the sale of his fabulous stone went to
00:18:11the community of Koriardu where it was
00:18:13discovered, enough to transform the small village
00:18:17kilometers from the first paved
00:18:19road. Here we are in
00:18:24the Peace Diamond School,
00:18:28more than 250 children are currently enrolled here, they
00:18:32come from different
00:18:33communities,
00:18:36the pastor founded.
00:19:08Many children drop out of school because of this, at 13 or 14, they were
00:19:11sent to the city, but they were not used to city life, to living
00:19:15conditions, to safety issues, by the time they
00:19:18adapted, some came back to the village pregnant and then became very
00:19:21young mothers,
00:19:25a campus born of the pastor's will but
00:19:29maintained by the diamond industry which seeks to clean up its
00:19:32image. The school's funding is provided by
00:19:36a foundation.
00:19:39the same one that organized the auction of the Peace
00:19:42Diamond. their intervention was
00:19:45decisive, they managed to attract qualified teachers
00:19:49as well as a qualified director who convinced the
00:19:52community.
00:19:55the family business plans an expansion to build a
00:19:58high school and also finances a health center that welcomes
00:20:02thousands of patients per year.
00:20:05enough to make Koriardu more than a beautiful
00:20:08story, the village is today the showcase
00:20:12of an industry that claims to be transformed,
00:20:15equitable and virtuous, a
00:20:17turning point of which the peace diamond is the founding
00:20:20symbol, as Martine Rapaport, patriarch of
00:20:23this family, one of the most influential in the
00:20:27sector, already said.
00:20:30It shows the way to a different future, people will buy diamonds
00:20:33for their social impact which is enormous, that's its
00:20:36value. That's
00:20:38it,
00:20:41via the Empower Africa foundation, the
00:20:45family regularly organizes field visits for diamantaires from all
00:20:48over the world. radiates this
00:20:50narrative.
00:20:57Participants will meet with mining communities and will be able to
00:21:00reflect on ways to contribute to sustainable economic
00:21:03development.
00:21:06A few tens of kilometers away, however, the miners of the
00:21:10region tell a completely different story. Starting
00:21:13with the employees of Koidu Limited, the country's largest
00:21:17industrial mine, founded by the group. of an Israeli
00:21:20billionaire, a huge chasm that extracted
00:21:24100 million dollars worth of stone every
00:21:26year, good morning Mr. Rogers, good morning everyone,
00:21:30so if I understand correctly, you are all former workers of what was the most
00:21:34prestigious company in Sierra
00:21:35Leone.
00:21:38At the end of 2024, the workers launched strike movements
00:21:42to obtain a revaluation of their salaries. Overnight,
00:21:46the company then suspended its activities.
00:21:50almost all of these employees. Today
00:21:54on trial, he tells of untenable working
00:21:57conditions to activist Ibrahim
00:21:59Bokari.
00:22:02In the field, I cut five fingers. I told them about it, but
00:22:05they didn't support me and fired
00:22:07me.
00:22:09For those who worked underground, they ate and relieved themselves in the same
00:22:13place. Sometimes some drank the water that flowed from the
00:22:16stone, we were never given drinking water.
00:22:22Unions estimate that Koidu Limited owes its employees
00:22:25more than 32 million euros in unpaid
00:22:28wages. Through its lawyers, the company
00:22:32denounces unfounded and malicious accusations.
00:22:36Based on falsified documents to
00:22:39extort money from the company, a
00:22:42defense that does not convince the activist. This is not the
00:22:46first time that something like this has happened in the mining sector in
00:22:49Sierra Leone. We could call these investors polluters,
00:22:53because they have infested our land and contaminated our population with
00:22:56diseases. It is a form of corporate
00:22:58banditry.
00:23:02And if industrial exploitations are regularly criticized for their
00:23:05practices, artisanal miners do not necessarily fare
00:23:09better. Hello everyone, how
00:23:12are you?
00:23:15Regularly, Ibrahim goes to meet them directly
00:23:19on the sites of...
00:23:50digital to determine the value of a stone, so they themselves
00:23:53don't really have the means to know how much it's worth, that's what
00:23:57keeps people in a cycle of poverty, even when
00:24:01you find a diamond, you don't have access to the right market to
00:24:04sell it,
00:24:07a grueling job that pays little and sometimes exposes
00:24:11miners to repression by authorities, as evidenced by
00:24:14police raids on unlicensed sites that are proliferating in the
00:24:18region, she found out at her
00:24:21own
00:24:23expense, one day I went there and a soldier caught me and started to hit
00:24:27me, the soldiers were even hitting us with sticks, all that
00:24:30because of this sand, because he said we shouldn't take
00:24:33it, the mother of the family arrived a few
00:24:36months ago, she is already looking to leave this industry that barely
00:24:40allows her to survive,
00:24:44these diamonds we find them but we suffer from them and the more we
00:24:48suffer the more we lose.
00:25:32the district wholesale association is the lock
00:25:35that shackles the local market, the heart of their
00:25:38power, to fix the purchase price of stones to the Kono
00:25:42miners and that of their resale to
00:25:44exporters, when someone comes into my office, I have my
00:25:48magnifying glass, I look at it. very carefully in the light to see if the diamond is
00:25:52perfect, it has the clarity of the diamond, its
00:25:56shape and its weight in carat, all that makes its
00:25:58price.
00:26:03We won't have more details, but off
00:26:06camera, we get an order of
00:26:10the city. A one-carat diamond, bought for a few
00:26:13tens of euros from miners, can be sold for between
00:26:172,000 and 20,000 euros in Western
00:26:20jewelers.
00:26:24Hello, hello everyone, hello
00:26:26chief,
00:26:28so today, this meeting aims to review the progress of the work within.
00:26:32the community, tell us, how do you feel about
00:26:36the project so far in the village,
00:26:40faced with this injustice, several communities in the district
00:26:43seek to extract themselves from this cycle supported by
00:26:46NGOs. for 3 years, the village of
00:26:50Yigbed has started to fill in its diamond
00:26:53pits. here we have worked the mine for over 30
00:26:57years, we got no benefit from it. today we are
00:27:00turning back to agriculture.
00:27:03This 14-hectare plot is thus gradually turning into a
00:27:06rice field and the former miners have swapped their sieves
00:27:10for shovels and seedlings.
00:27:13It will improve our living
00:27:17food for the community for our
00:27:19village,
00:27:24people will therefore be more motivated to work in agriculture rather than returning to the mine.
00:27:28Prefer rice to diamonds, a revolution that is part of a
00:27:31strategy.
00:27:34one of the government's flagship programs is called "feed
00:27:37Sierra Leone" to supply the country and get involved in
00:27:41agriculture. The work we do is to complement their
00:27:44efforts.
00:27:47A movement that is gaining momentum in the district, the NGO works
00:27:50on more than 200 sites to restore the
00:27:53land,
00:27:55a path that Pastor Momo also wishes to take for the
00:27:59future of his village.
00:28:03I know and I understand that diamonds do more
00:28:06harm than good to this country. That
00:28:09is why I insist with the
00:28:12education. If we want to transform the
00:28:16country, we must build schools,
00:28:19and make these children the true diamonds of our
00:28:23time.
00:28:27The promise of Sierra Leone's diamonds still seems far from being realized.
00:28:30Despite the 250 million dollars worth of stones extracted each year
00:28:34from its soil, the country remains among the poorest
00:28:38on the planet.
00:30:09on France 24, we continue with international news, the
00:30:12communication line seems blurred between Kyiv and
00:30:16Washington this Sunday. Donald Trump announced that an energy ceasefire had
00:30:19been concluded between Russia and Ukraine, except that Volodymyr
00:30:22Zelensky was not aware of it and a
00:30:25Nadji
00:30:27It was from his social network True Social that Donald
00:30:31Trump announced it. On Sunday, a bilateral
00:30:34energy ceasefire would have been accepted by Ukraine and
00:30:37Russia with immediate effect. The American
00:30:41president gave no details on the terms of this announced
00:30:45truce, but this statement comes the day after the criticisms he
00:30:48made against Zelensky, blaming Kyiv for its attacks against
00:30:52Russian refineries. According to Donald Trump, these would lead to
00:30:56an increase in diesel prices in the United States. He also...