Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00Formula 1 American we in the desert, Grand Prix. The this is only the first. live on M4 Thousands of kilometers race weekend I don't know. Sport. Where are of danger, and
00:01:03Volt aki a Grófi címerét adta be, volt aki az utolsó
00:01:07ágyneműjét, varrógépet, bölcsőt,
00:01:10parókát, aranycipőt, ősi kardot is tettek már a becsüsök
00:01:13elé, sőt igazi aranykoronát is zálogba adtak
00:01:16már, de hol és mikor nyílt meg az
00:01:20első magyar zálogház, nyomozzanak velünk, egy-két
00:01:24one or two strange
00:01:26stories and secrets.
00:01:34you have? 15.60,
00:01:46Almost at the same time as the emergence
00:01:49of money, pawnbroking appeared. However, interest rates
00:01:52sometimes reached 60-70%.
00:01:56The Catholic Church and monastic
00:01:58orders also launched a fight
00:02:01against usurious pawnbroking. This is
00:02:04how the first pawn shop was established in
00:02:081462 in Perugia, Italy, founded by a Franciscan
00:02:12monk named Barnabas. Here, we had to
00:02:15wait a few hundred years longer. We, Maria
00:02:18Theresa, by the grace of God, widowed Roman
00:02:21Empress, Queen of Hungary, Bohemia,
00:02:25Dalmatia, Croatia, Slovenia,
00:02:28Apostolic Queen.
00:02:31"Since the beginning of our reign, we
00:02:34have neglected nothing that we deemed good
00:02:37for the purpose of elevating the
00:02:40welfare of our particularly beloved Hungarian kingdom. We are in
00:02:441773. The Vienna pawn shop has been operating
00:02:48for nearly 70 years. In Hungary, since
00:02:51money owners lent at very high, often
00:02:54usurious interest rates against pledges,
00:02:57emboldened by the success of the Vienna pawn shop,
00:03:00a royal, or in today's terms, state pawn
00:03:03shop was also desired in Pozsony (Bratislava).
00:03:07Forced by momentary need, they were compelled
00:03:10to pawn their belongings, and in such cases, they
00:03:14received only about a third
00:03:16So anyone who brings of the value of the pawn. In addition, those
00:03:20who took items in pawn also often demanded
00:03:24even more under the guise of a so-called
00:03:27gift right, thus forcing those who pawned
00:03:31in some cases. to pay a higher interest
00:03:33rate than allowed. Often, the pawners
00:03:37did not receive any receipt from
00:03:40the pawnbrokers regarding
00:03:43when they could redeem their
00:03:46pawn after a certain period. The establishment
00:03:49of the Pozsony (Bratislava) pawn shop was justified
00:03:53not only by usurious interest rates but
00:03:57also by the fact that at that time, there were no savings banks
00:04:00or banks operating
00:04:04in the territory of the Hungarian kingdom. Loans against
00:04:07pledges were only provided by private
00:04:10individuals.
00:04:12An silver cigarette case, seven
00:04:16crowns, a silver anchor watch with
00:04:19five rubies, twelve crowns, a stuffed otter, ten
00:04:23crowns. What is this again,
00:04:27I don't know, Malika was in the shop this
00:04:30the stuffed otter?
00:04:33Here it is. You gave ten
00:04:36crowns for this rat? Well... You made
00:04:39another excellent deal. Hertelendi said
00:04:43it's worth a hundred. Who is that
00:04:47Hertelendi? A student, he said he urgently
00:04:49needed to go inherit, because his mare
00:04:52is very ill, and he must travel there immediately,
00:04:56because if he misses the train, he won't
00:05:00inherit anything. And I felt so
00:05:04sorry for him, he spoke so beautifully. One
00:05:07day I will ruin myself. A pawnbroker
00:05:11cannot feel sorry for anyone. In this
00:05:13way, we will establish a pawn shop in our
00:05:17city of Pozsony, providing it with
00:05:20financial assistance for a short period.
00:05:22We also find it useful to create
00:05:26a so-called relief fund from the profits
00:05:29of this pawn shop for the benefit of other
00:05:33useful public institutions, such
00:05:36as the correctional facility in Szemc,
00:05:40or the aforementioned
00:05:42Pozsony hospital. On August
00:05:4623, 1773,
00:05:47Maria Theresa,
00:05:51reigning in the spirit of enlightened
00:05:54absolutism, signed the Latin-language
00:05:56sealed privilege of the Pozsony pawn
00:06:00shop. The very extensive document was inscribed
00:06:03by careful hands on 20 fine
00:06:07vellum pages and bound in gilded red
00:06:10leather. The treasury undertook the founding
00:06:13capital of the pawn house, valued at
00:06:1612,2600 Forints, without repayment
00:06:19obligation. Do they take portraits?
00:06:23No. Clothes?
00:06:26No. Dishes?
00:06:30No fragile dishes, no clothes, no household
00:06:33items are accepted as collateral.
00:06:37But no military equipment, nor the
00:06:40Golden Fleece Order and the Order of
00:06:44Saint Stephen's
00:06:50decorations. The founding document
00:06:54precisely and in detail defined the
00:06:57rules for handling pawned items and the
00:07:01operation of the pawn shop. The maximum
00:07:04duration for pawning was set at one
00:07:07year and six weeks. How much do
00:07:11you usually get for Napoleon? 12 pengő.
00:07:1412. I always said that the great
00:07:16foundations of
00:07:19history are not appreciated. I can't
00:07:23take this, please, I can't take this.
00:07:27Last time they brought one, and it turned
00:07:29out during the sealing that it
00:07:33doesn't work. It doesn't work, please
00:07:36blow into it. Well, I beg your
00:07:39pardon, but I'm not going to
00:07:47combine here, you blow into it.
00:07:50The pawn shop's headquarters was not
00:07:54accidentally Pozsony (Bratislava), the Hungarian capital
00:07:57of the time, which not only housed the
00:08:01parliament, but was also a center for
00:08:04trade, guild industry and emerging early
00:08:08manufactures. Thus, among the customers,
00:08:11not only members of the poorer strata
00:08:15could be found, but also a part of the
00:08:18envoys appearing at the parliaments, their
00:08:22accompanying young men, soldiers, urban
00:08:25and state officials, and even the wealthier
00:08:28members of the wealthy and landed classes
00:08:31were not absent. Give me my wedding
00:08:34ring immediately. I'll bring it immediately,
00:08:38but why is it so urgent? My husband is coming
00:08:41home tonight. In the 1780s,
00:08:45with the rapid development
00:08:48of Buda and Pest, Pozsony gradually
00:08:51became a second fiddle. Therefore,
00:08:55Joseph II decided to relocate the
00:08:59pawn shop to Buda. On June 1, 1787,
00:09:02the Buda Pawn Shop began its operation
00:09:06in the Water Town.
00:09:07I saw those
00:09:10Nádor-type artists again. Come in.
00:09:14The business of the Pawn Shop is
00:09:17only increasing. Didn't you hear
00:09:21the captain of the guard? No. According
00:09:24to the captain of the guard, the
00:09:27guardsmen have already pawned everything
00:09:30they could. The extent of pawning
00:09:33is such that it was addressed in
00:09:36a daily order. The office staff
00:09:40were considered high-ranking state
00:09:43officials, and accordingly, they had to take an
00:09:47oath upon their appointment, the fact
00:09:51of which was recorded in the juramentum
00:09:54volume, and in some positions, in addition
00:09:57to the oath, they also had to deposit
00:10:00a very significant security. Between
00:10:04February 10 and April 21, 1802,
00:10:07the pawn shop, which by then bore
00:10:11the name Royal Inner City Pawn Shop,
00:10:15moved from Buda to Pest, near the University building,
00:10:18into a large, ugly
00:10:22building that was once a monastery
00:10:57until Joseph II dissolved the Clarissa
00:11:00order operating there. A vase, 30
00:11:04fillér, 30 fillér for this rarity.
00:11:07Is it a rarity? I see so many
00:11:11of these every day, like, like, like
00:11:15the blades of grass in the sky.
00:11:17But you said 60 fillérs earlier. I
00:11:21said 60 fillérs earlier, yes, that's
00:11:23different. "If I already said 60
00:11:27fillérs, well, I don't mind, let
00:11:30it be 50. Good day, goodbye."
00:11:33Good day, uncle, original
00:11:36Herendi. And how much will this
00:11:40be for the gentlemen? I told you it's
00:11:43original, right? Here's the brand, you can
00:11:47check it. It will cost you, own
00:11:50price, 20 pengő, I said it now,
00:11:54well, oh, we don't have that much money
00:11:56anyway, how much do
00:11:59and two small ducks, leave
00:12:02them here, a gift for an original
00:12:05Dutch vase, good day, good
00:12:09day, hello, the two small sections,
00:12:12yes, generally... customers silently
00:12:15with lowered heads slipped through the
00:12:18side street and looked around stealthily
00:12:22before entering. The Pesti Hírlap
00:12:26wrote in 1931. There was no excitement.
00:12:29After a few minutes, with the
00:12:33borrowed money in their pockets, they
00:12:36were back on the street. And now,
00:12:40with heads held high, they enter
00:12:43our place with loud voices. They greet
00:12:47us cheerfully if they meet an acquaintance,
00:12:50but they haggle for a long time,
00:12:53irritably. Not infrequently, thoughtless
00:12:57expressions are heard. In such
00:13:00cases, the policeman is at hand. We
00:13:03already have a separate guard room. Criminals
00:13:07also appeared very quickly around
00:13:10the pawn shops. I would like to
00:13:13highlight two more interesting moments
00:13:16from this. On the one hand, from a
00:13:19very early period, that is, from the
00:13:23second half of the 1800s, those
00:13:26who today would be called fences appeared,
00:13:30who bought up pawn tickets, because
00:13:34it is well known that a pawn ticket
00:13:38is for the bearer.
00:13:41it in can redeem it. This business
00:13:44branch was built on the fact that
00:13:47the owner of the pawned item, upon
00:13:50redemption, was generally unable to pay
00:13:56Furthermore, a separate industry emerged,
00:14:00the production of so-called pawn
00:14:03shop jewelry. This was based on placing
00:14:07jewelry similar to the original,
00:14:10but preferably of reduced value,
00:14:13in the pawn shop, deceiving the appraiser,
00:14:16and thereby obtaining money. In many
00:14:20cases, it also had a real value-preserving
00:14:24function. A middle-class layer emerged that
00:14:27did not want to store its valuables
00:14:31in its own home for a specified
00:14:35period. For example, during the summer,
00:14:38furs and more valuable carpets were placed
00:14:41there, or in case of a vacation,
00:14:45jewelry, often a large quantity of
00:14:48jewelry, was also deposited in the pawn shop, where
00:14:52care was taken to preserve their value,
00:14:56to ensure that they were in suitable
00:14:59condition, in their original form,
00:15:02handled, de-tasseled, dusted, so all
00:15:06those functions were performed that would
00:15:09otherwise have to be performed in a
00:15:12family environment.
00:15:46There is a very cute story about
00:15:49a lady who wanted to pawn her family's
00:15:52count's coat of arms,
00:15:54and there was a gentleman, this must
00:15:58have been in the 30s, who brought a fur coat, when... and the appraiser announced that he could give X amount for the foalskin coat, and the gentleman indignantly said, "What do you think, you want to give such a small amount for my Don Carlos coat?" As it turned out, his horse was named Don Carlos. But there are always special pawn items, for example, there was a family who brought us a gold crown to pawn, adorned with precious stones, diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, and well, this really has a great value. Unfortunately, there are not only cheerful stories in the pawn shop, but also sad family tragedies, when families leave their assets, and the items end up in public auctions. This could happen not only in the 30s, but even today. The first Hungarian pawn shop survived the storms of history, the 48-49 War of Independence, the dissolution of the monarchy, world wars, and even the 1950s, when it was announced that there was no longer any need for pawn shops, since the worker receives a regular wage. After several transformations, while maintaining legal continuity, the first Hungarian pawn shop, now called BÁV RT, still exists today.