Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00However, authorities warn that this week will be critical as
00:00:03the heat continues. The heat
00:00:06warning has been extended until Friday at
00:00:09midnight.
00:00:11This is a sad and frightening phenomenon, but also a very serious warning
00:00:15to society that we must treat resources carefully, we must
00:00:18pay more attention to the environment, and I believe this
00:00:22is a very serious call to wake up. Well,
00:00:25I think things could get worse than this, so if there isn't
00:00:28substantial. this doesn't apply only to citizens, but
00:00:32truly to these large companies, then I think
00:00:35the situation can only get worse. Experts
00:00:39from the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water
00:00:41Management say this is probably one of the worst droughts this
00:00:45country has ever seen.
00:00:49The next few weeks to two months will show
00:00:53how serious this year's drought is, but
00:00:56I would say it will probably be tougher than previous years.
00:01:00The San River in southeastern Poland dropped to a record low
00:01:03level last week, prompting local authorities to introduce
00:01:07in industry. The low water level
00:01:10was visible on the Vistula River. Hydrologists consider the main
00:01:14cause of the drought to be the lack of continuous precipitation,
00:01:17not just the current heat.
00:01:20In southern Poland, there is a severe drought, we have
00:01:2371 drought warnings throughout Poland,
00:01:27at 320 measuring stations. the water
00:01:30level of rivers is very low, while at as many as 30
00:01:34stations, historically low water
00:01:36levels are recorded. Problems in Germany due to the low water level
00:01:40of the Rhine, which complicates river traffic. The drop in the river
00:01:44level in Worms revealed so-called hunger stones, which are
00:01:47hydrological markers placed in watercourses during dry periods to warn
00:01:51of drought-induced
00:01:55gladi izazvane
00:01:56This
00:01:59month is so extreme, that
00:02:02prolonged heat, it's not just a short period of
00:02:05like that, this heat has been
00:02:09going on for, I think, more than eight weeks, yes,
00:02:12it's frightening, of course it's
00:02:15frightening. The heat does not bypass Switzerland either, where
00:02:18savezni zavod za meteorologiju i klimatologiju predviđa da će se
00:02:22ova godina verovatno svrstati među najtoplije godine u
00:02:26istoriji. U austrijskoj prestonici u utorak je izmeren
00:02:2940. 1 stepen celzijusa, čime je oboren
00:02:32istorijski rekord. Veoma
00:02:35Your morning in
00:02:38bi da stigne u drugom delu dana u vidu lokalnih pljuskova i
00:02:41grmljavine. Od petka se očekuje manji pad
00:02:44expected, but as early as Monday,
00:02:47the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Radmila Mitrović,
00:02:51N1.
00:02:59the lack of precipitation, water levels on many European
00:03:03low, which is a problem not
00:03:06only for ships, but also for nuclear power plants, they need
00:03:09large quantities of water for cooling, I'm talking about this with Slobodan
00:03:13Bubnjović, physicist and science journalist, good day, thank you for
00:03:16being here, so
00:03:19let's address how the problem
00:03:23with low water levels arose, especially on the Danube, there's talk about
00:03:27can do very little, even at how all the nuclear
00:03:30power plants are threatened, how these things work, how much water
00:03:33is needed for these reactors, what is actually
00:03:37the biggest problem now? Well, here we are still talking
00:03:41about a kind of completely extreme
00:03:44events, primarily hydrological, but they are reflected and spill over
00:03:47into all other
00:03:49a traditional German product based sectors, and I think there is some irony, energy is somehow
00:03:53historically most responsible
00:03:55for the fact that we have even reached this phase of climate change
00:03:59and that we can solve it and now we see how actually in
00:04:03that whole loop energy also suffers
00:04:06from the indirect consequences of climate
00:04:09change. The water level of rivers
00:04:12is important primarily in terms of water flow
00:04:16because when it is said that nuclear power
00:04:20they do not consume it, they use these water basins for
00:04:24cooling reactors, so for in that secondary
00:04:27cooling circuit for water that otherwise circulates through
00:04:31through the system and it's very important, that's why
00:04:34all reactors, at least European ones, are mostly
00:04:38built next to large rivers, eventually lakes, where there's a possibility next to
00:04:42the sea, because a large amount of water is
00:04:45needed to extract that energy which
00:04:48reactors continuously must somewhere
00:04:51store, release it, even when they are disconnected from
00:04:55the grid, which we saw, for example, in the famous
00:04:58incident in Fukushima, where the reactors were shut down, but they still
00:05:02posed a danger precisely because of the fact that the heat
00:05:06they continuously generate cannot
00:05:08be dissipated, and therefore already at the first signs,
00:05:12that is, that there has been a dramatic drop in
00:05:15water levels, reactors in our region slowly began to
00:05:19shut down, the most endangered was the
00:05:22Cernavodă reactor unit one, which was shut down
00:05:25immediately, and after that a battle was fought to save
00:05:29the second unit from being shut down, because for Romanians, where that nuclear power plant
00:05:33is located, just when you mention that, there was
00:05:36information these days that for those who are not
00:05:39experts like me, it was completely unbelievable that... "Romanians
00:05:43with various explosive devices are trying to return the Danube
00:05:47to its former old riverbed to
00:05:50bring enough water for the nuclear
00:05:53power plant." Well, that's let's just say,
00:05:57first it's important to say that we're not talking about being
00:06:01in some kind of nuclear incident, so in Hungary
00:06:04where it's being shut down, we didn't mention
00:06:07units were shut down, practically all but one reactor that is partially
00:06:10operating, the other three shut down, so in the Paks
00:06:14power plant on the Danube, which is located in Hungary, and Cernavodă,
00:06:18which is located very relatively close to the
00:06:21mouth of the Danube into the Black Sea, we
00:06:24are not talking about nuclear incidents, nuclear power plants are built for
00:06:28different types of hazards, although these are unexpected
00:06:31water levels, they are still such that we are far from
00:06:35an incident occurring, but the normal functioning
00:06:39of these reactors and electricity production are dramatically threatened. Keep in mind
00:06:43that we are in a situation with low water levels where hydropower plants cannot
00:06:46provide their expected capacity, we are in the summer
00:06:50season, consumption is not exactly low
00:06:54due to these heats, so there is a kind of mild
00:06:57energy crisis in the whole region, then those who are
00:07:00the safest electricity producers, these are
00:07:03nuclear power plants, cannot work precisely because of the low
00:07:06water level,
00:07:08due to potential hazards, unit one in Cernavodă has been
00:07:11shut down. Then the question was raised
00:07:15what will happen with that water level that currently
00:07:18exists, where the flow, let's say,
00:07:21the water level is disputable, because the geometry of those riverbeds was
00:07:25changed a lot during construction, so the question arises
00:07:28what is a natural water level and what is not, but what is a relevant measure is
00:07:32the flow, so the flow is some 10 to 20 times lower on the Danube
00:07:35than is needed for reactors to function normally, to
00:07:39transfer enough heat to the water that
00:07:42is in the Danube itself. Then
00:07:46it's literally about a battle that
00:07:48involves a hydrological forecast, the expectation that
00:07:52in the next few days the Danube will slowly begin to return to its riverbed
00:07:56to slowly rise so that a few days are gained
00:08:00in that game of time, enough so that
00:08:03unit two does not have to be shut down, the Romanian army
00:08:07mined a rock in the middle of the Danube and its
00:08:10mining was... according to hydrology, it should
00:08:14have allowed the water level to rise by a few centimeters
00:08:17at the location of the nuclear
00:08:20power plant itself, this turned out not to be so simple, they had to
00:08:24mine it twice, then they even came up with a very strange idea,
00:08:28this, but like in the movies, to fill barges with stones from
00:08:31that mining to then create a natural
00:08:35dam in one part of the Danube where the water flows out to be
00:08:38redirected towards the nuclear power plant itself, so it somewhat looks like
00:08:42some kind of apocalyptic movie where you have rescuers saving
00:08:45the nuclear power plant, and they succeeded according to today's morning
00:08:49data in raising the water level by two to 3
00:08:52cm, which is not what they need, they need 10 to
00:08:5615 to be able to keep that unit in working
00:09:00condition long enough until the Danube naturally
00:09:04rises to what is expected according to the forecast,
00:09:07now how long can that last and what
00:09:11happens when these reactors are shut down,
00:09:15how long does it take for them to return to
00:09:18operation, it depends, it simply depends on
00:09:22circumstances and the circumstances under which I ask this because
00:09:25the Danube, as experts say, is usually lowest in
00:09:29August, for now there are no announcements
00:09:32of precipitation, there are announcements, however, that the water level could
00:09:36rise by a few centimeters, but something that would perhaps permanently
00:09:39solve it. The hydrological forecast is not quite
00:09:43like the meteorological one, where something happens today or tomorrow, so it
00:09:47in order for there to be water in the Danube, there should have been snow and
00:09:51water for months, I mean a longer period back
00:09:54and it is known and there is an expectation that the water level
00:09:58will improve, so because what we are seeing now are not the consequences
00:10:01of the current heat but of some previous processes that
00:10:05are really interesting, but when we talk about
00:10:08nuclear power plants, they have, especially these
00:10:12European ones, here we are actually talking about, although they are completely
00:10:15of the CANDU type reactors in
00:10:18Romania, VVER reactors with pressurized
00:10:22water in Hungary, so they have
00:10:26safety systems and alternative cooling methods, so simply ways
00:10:29to pump water so that they can safely
00:10:33be in this state for a very long time, not producing
00:10:36electricity, what are actually the concrete
00:10:40dangers if such measures are not taken is, for example, that
00:10:43the water pumps are exposed to
00:10:47remaining without Danube water, in that case,
00:10:50the power plants would have to go into overhaul, problems would
00:10:54arise. So, a special safety
00:10:57procedure would have to be used, that would cost
00:11:00millions and would prevent them from quickly returning
00:11:04to the grid, so everything has been done here to actually
00:11:07minimize the period of reactors returning to the grid, because
00:11:11look, in Hungary you have a situation where, we are talking about
00:11:14water level, that these four reactors that are currently
00:11:18were built with
00:11:21the idea of what a hundred-year minimum
00:11:25water level is, so in 100 years what was the lowest
00:11:28water level? Well, according to that, the pipes
00:11:31of those water pumps that extract Danube water into some special channels
00:11:35for cooling were lowered to a certain height so that they are
00:11:38below that minimum hundred-year limit,
00:11:42it turned out that the Danube is now 1.3
00:11:45meters below that minimum hundred-year limit, it's that
00:11:49low, so although in history, to be precise, about
00:11:52ten years ago it happened that... "it was once a little lower
00:11:56than that limit, but the point is that if this was not taken
00:11:59care of, these instruments, this
00:12:03equipment would be damaged due to such a low water
00:12:07level, which could then perhaps introduce some kind of
00:12:10hazard, so at this moment there is no nuclear
00:12:13hazard, but there is no electricity, right? Now that we're already
00:12:17at, before we talk about what Serbia is doing, let's just address this
00:12:21again, it has been said for quite some time in Serbia."
00:12:25in some European countries that
00:12:28nuclear energy could
00:12:32compensate for what will be lacking
00:12:36in fossil fuels or, I don't know, if coal
00:12:39runs out and so on, does this still show that not even
00:12:43nuclear energy is
00:12:46resistant to
00:12:49be a solution? Well, in my personal opinion,
00:12:52nothing in the world is
00:12:56resistant to climate change, so we are,
00:12:59although it's ungrateful to say, not you, me, or the viewers, so simply
00:13:03this is something that has been done for generations, so since industrial development, starting from
00:13:07the richest countries and coming towards us, we
00:13:11have behaved very arrogantly towards resources on Earth
00:13:13until we created a problem that
00:13:17now gradually, from generation to generation, is becoming more serious
00:13:21for all possible sectors, so among other things, for
00:13:23energy, whether it's about, let's
00:13:27say, the one that uses fossil fuels, because we see, for example,
00:13:30oil barges cannot sail, you have these situations up
00:13:34to nuclear power plants, however, here it is about engineering problems,
00:13:38about whether you will lower the pipe for extracting water
00:13:41from the Danube a little lower or higher, when
00:13:45we talk about other energy sources, they, above all,
00:13:49those that contribute to the very process
00:13:52of climate change, this is not an engineering question, but primarily
00:13:56a political question whether we will continue on this path or
00:14:00recognize in such events, such overly hot
00:14:04summers, prolonged heatwaves, recognize
00:14:07actually a kind of urgency, and when it is said this will be one of the warmest
00:14:11years, we are, yes, that is a journalistic phrase, but we
00:14:14have long passed the situation where we can even say one of the top, every
00:14:18year is the warmest of all those that
00:14:21preceded it, and the concrete effects now
00:14:25we see precisely in such an event, for example, it is very interesting how
00:14:28it is explained why such a low
00:14:32water level occurred then these reasons are divided, so
00:14:36you have, well, one thing is due to too long, too high
00:14:40temperatures, there is a lot of water evaporation, so since the atmosphere
00:14:43which is hot can absorb much more heat, it remains
00:14:47trapped in the atmosphere, that's one reason, the other reasons are
00:14:50related to the fact that the
00:14:54temperature during winter is such that
00:14:57there is snow for a shorter period
00:15:00of winter, the coverage is smaller, research even shows that
00:15:03Europe loses about one to two percent of its snow
00:15:07cover every year, snow is
00:15:10actually a reservoir, so that watershed in the Alps that
00:15:14provides water to all these rivers of ours, including
00:15:18the Danube, so when there is less snow in the Alps, then the water level on
00:15:21the Danube during July and August is lower.
00:15:25It turns out that 1% is perhaps small, but year after
00:15:29year, decade after decade, as decades pass, we have
00:15:32come to have such terrible
00:15:35episodes in that sense. "That kind of pressure will lead all
00:15:39European countries to actually seek
00:15:42energy sources that are not based on fossil
00:15:46fuels, I even think that this will become more
00:15:50important at some point in the 21st century when the consequences become
00:15:53more expensive, so we can still avoid their
00:15:57direct financial damages which will become more
00:16:00dramatic, at some point it will become
00:16:03a first-class political issue and for us among others, those who do not..."
00:16:07have an answer to that question will actually be in the biggest problem, we
00:16:11are very skilled at always finding ourselves to be the ones in the biggest
00:16:14problem, and what do you think of the way
00:16:17Serbia currently treats this
00:16:20ecological, energy crisis, just now we
00:16:24quoted Minister Dubravka Handanović who says every
00:16:28drop on the Danube is used for electricity
00:16:31production, how do I feel about how Serbia behaves
00:16:34towards energy and how before, well, I think
00:16:38I'd rather not have to think about it or look at it in any
00:16:42way, which citizens probably also feel, like why did this country happen
00:16:46to me, people probably think that, but it's our country, we have to care and
00:16:50think and see what the government, which is incompetent and
00:16:53in some way hasty and
00:16:56only thinks about some other of its
00:16:59political goals, does wrong in various
00:17:03sectors, including energy, the biggest
00:17:06problem of our current energy sector is complete
00:17:09non-transparency, so we have very little
00:17:12information about what will be done, for example, when
00:17:16we talk about nuclear energy, a lot of contradictory
00:17:19data and very little will
00:17:23to explain what the plan actually is, what is actually being done, whether
00:17:27our agreement with the French is still active,
00:17:30whether we will really consider after the lifting of the moratorium on the construction
00:17:34of nuclear power plants, the construction of that reactor in
00:17:38the future, where is the campaign that was so
00:17:41talked about, well, I wrote, many attacked, so how
00:17:45easy it is to do, where is that story
00:17:47about
00:17:49the initiative to have new staff in this area,
00:17:53which we supposedly can do in a few months, it turns out that
00:17:56nothing is happening in that regard, in some way
00:18:00it may be that something is happening, but the first problem we have
00:18:04in this area is a problem that we should not even have with
00:18:07nuclear energy, it is non-transparency, that citizens do not
00:18:11know what is happening there, after all, even for those who
00:18:15have a positive attitude or even some economic
00:18:19gain for such projects to come to life
00:18:23or are in a position of decision-makers and want to do it, that
00:18:26non-transparency will eventually lead to the population becoming
00:18:30very antagonized towards
00:18:34it because they will lose all possible trust they otherwise have in the government. So
00:18:37in that sense, we can talk about concrete
00:18:41announcements, but if I look at the last two and a half years in the nuclear
00:18:45sector, practically none of them can be taken entirely
00:18:48seriously, and currently the attitude towards this
00:18:51current
00:18:53crisis,
00:18:56in this crisis we have a crisis staff that, well,
00:19:00issues crisis statements, we
00:19:05the level of what we saw in Romania, where a rock
00:19:09is mined, and the army can't do it in one day, it has to do it twice, and
00:19:12so on, you can't fix a system like the basin of a river
00:19:16like the Danube with a crisis staff, and you
00:19:20can't, regardless of whether you are the European
00:19:23Union, not just the Republic of Serbia, so that's a problem
00:19:27that has been created
00:19:29over decades, which is actually solved
00:19:33over decades and centuries, so when I'm actually talking about the Danube-Tisza-
00:19:36Danube
00:19:46is very clear, many of the problems are
00:19:49not at all within the scope of the Republic of Serbia, so some of these, for
00:19:53starters, snow is in the Alps, we cannot greatly influence
00:19:57what the water levels will ultimately be, what
00:20:00we can do is to
00:20:03improve and maintain a system that has been built for more than
00:20:07100 years in our territory, above all I mean the Danube-Tisza-Danube,
00:20:11to actually take
00:20:13care of that, right, about the capacity, such
00:20:17as our hydropower plant at Đerdap, in some
00:20:21ways it's a very big question to open a debate
00:20:24very openly about the reversible
00:20:27power plant Đerdap 3, which is actually simultaneously
00:20:31one of the solutions related to
00:20:35our energy situation. I
00:20:38will remind viewers that reversible power plants
00:20:41can practically
00:20:44very simply, technically, I mean a simple concept, that is, a very
00:20:48sophisticated machine but a simple concept, that
00:20:51they can somehow store energy when it's available, and
00:20:55consume it when it's not, by simply pumping
00:20:58water when there's enough, you can create a kind of
00:21:02accumulation that will then store energy. Now with this great
00:21:06tension which unfortunately even
00:21:10here goes in the wrong direction with the destruction of forests, I mean
00:21:13the tension to build wind farms, to open
00:21:16renewable sources, but corruption here turns it into
00:21:20a "circus, unfortunately a tragedy, so with
00:21:23the construction of all these sustainable capacities,
00:21:27we have energy that is generated when it's available,
00:21:31not when we need it, and that's why things like Gerlab 3
00:21:35are of enormous importance, precisely for situations like this, so that when
00:21:38we reach a state where there is not enough energy because
00:21:42nuclear power plants are working, we will have to shut down
00:21:45thermal power plants or whatever happens, that then we can
00:21:48draw at least part of the consumption from such
00:21:52reversible sources, that is one of the things, but I think the
00:21:56biggest question for us is how we will
00:21:59actually address what is the biggest problem, the elephant in
00:22:02the room, those are thermal power plants,
00:22:05what will we do with them, do we have an idea
00:22:08of how we will replace them by the middle of the century, will
00:22:12we shut them down, which we will have to, then
00:22:15the topic of nuclear capacities naturally opens up, thank you
00:22:19very much for this conversation and analysis from physicist and science journalist
00:22:23Slobodan Bubnjović, we are going for a short break, you stay with
00:22:26us.
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00:28:46at the end of July, when it was indicated that
00:28:50Water Management would send a request to cities and municipalities
00:28:53to urgently submit data on the largest
00:28:56ragweed hotspots and take measures for its destruction,
00:29:00the relevant minister Dragan Glamočić said that ragweed is not
00:29:03just a weed in neglected areas, but a serious
00:29:07agricultural, communal and public health problem. On
00:29:10one such location is our reporter Veljko
00:29:13Pajović. Veljko, Veljko, has anything been
00:29:17done at the place where you are located to curb
00:29:20ragweed?
00:29:25God forbid anything was done, it wouldn't look
00:29:28like this. I purposely hid a little here in
00:29:31these bushes. Honestly, everything is weeds, and as one of
00:29:35the local residents said, feel free to tell
00:29:38the citizens that this is a botanical garden of
00:29:41weeds. I am not sufficiently knowledgeable to determine what kind
00:29:45of plants we are talking about,
00:29:48that is, weeds, but there is certainly ragweed here, or perhaps
00:29:52the better question is what all is not here,
00:29:55how I will feel after some time when we finish the story and whether
00:29:59I will start sneezing, that is now a different question. In the
00:30:03end, in our country, everyone sooner or later
00:30:06sneezes, usually the one who is not
00:30:09responsible for anything. With us is Rodoljub Todorović from
00:30:20step into this weed, this botanical garden,
00:30:24so we don't, let's say, botanical garden of weeds, so we don't
00:30:27give the wrong association for the real botanical
00:30:31garden in the city center. Yes, Rodoljube, we heard
00:30:34in the announcement the call from the ministry
00:30:38somewhere at the end of July to map, that is, mark
00:30:42points like this one, you are a councilor
00:30:45in the assembly of the city municipality of Novi
00:30:48Beograd, have you dealt with this
00:30:52topic?
00:30:54Of course, I must say that what the
00:30:57ministry did, it was late.