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00:00:03Politics means controlling, managing, leading,
00:00:07controlling domestic and foreign affairs.
00:00:10In general, there is a very basic definition of
00:00:14politics, which is the definition of Dr. Jalaluddin
00:00:18Madani. He says that politics is any kind of reflection,
00:00:21contemplation, deliberation, thinking in the field of
00:00:24controlling domestic, foreign, and international affairs of a state.
00:00:28In a way that we can.
00:00:31We can reach the public interest, and politics
00:00:34is, of course, this issue that explicitly
00:00:37in our Quran, the word politics
00:00:41exists. Of course, there are multiple verses from
00:00:45the perspective of Islamic studies that focus on political
00:00:48issues. Terms like Caliphate, Imamate, Leadership,
00:00:52development, and construction are terms that are undoubtedly mentioned
00:00:56in the Holy Quran. For example, we have the verse "And when your Lord said to the angels,
00:00:59'I will place a vicegerent on the earth.'" The discussion of Caliph is derived from Caliphate
00:01:03and this refers to political and Hadith matters. We also have
00:01:06a narration from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), Abd al-Rahman ibn Sakhr
00:01:10who narrates that the Prophet of Islam defined politics
00:01:14by saying: "The Children of Israel were ruled
00:01:17by their prophets." The term "rule" actually indicates
00:01:21that politics has a place, and the importance of
00:01:24politics within the Islamic system is also one of the most
00:01:27important and fundamental goals. And we have the verse.
00:02:00Allow me to explain the matter a little more to the viewers. Most
00:02:04scholars, starting from the West,
00:02:07like Machiavelli, like, for example,
00:02:11Henry Kissinger, and James Rosenau,
00:02:15when we discuss their studies
00:02:18in politics, their main focus is on the national
00:02:21interests of states. That is, what is considered very important and fundamental
00:02:25in the domestic and foreign policy of states is
00:02:29that states.
00:03:00Whether in the context of foreign policy, if we discuss
00:03:03specifically in the dictionary of Hanafi
00:03:06jurisprudence terms, it mostly deals with issues
00:03:10like the treatment of Dhimmis, as well as treaties. You have
00:03:13raised and discussed issues that are worthy of consideration and tolerance. However, what is
00:03:17very important is that from the perspective of
00:03:20scholars and thinkers of the Islamic world, when
00:03:23foreign policy is focused on and concentrated on, the goal and
00:03:27objective is that we can achieve the unity of the Ummah
00:03:31and that standards such as justice,
00:03:34cooperation, freedom, equality, and
00:03:37preventing conflict and animosity are adopted in our relations with
00:03:40other states. This is one discussion. However, if
00:03:43we specifically address the differences between domestic and foreign policy,
00:03:47look, my dear نعمت, when we talk about the domestic
00:03:51policy of states, in
00:03:53reality, in the realm of domestic policy,
00:03:56states mainly focus on issues.
00:04:03It is about the relationships between individuals, meaning the scope of the state's sovereign power in domestic
00:04:06policy is very strong and intense, and the goal of states in
00:04:10domestic policy is to control affairs and regulate the
00:04:14governance system in the economic, educational, and
00:04:17social spheres within states. However, when we talk about foreign policy,
00:04:21in the terminology of international relations, when we talk about
00:04:24foreign policy, here the role of states goes beyond
00:04:28just themselves. Rather, states are involved in
00:04:31relations with other actors of international law. We have states, organizations,
00:04:35and individuals as actors of international law.
00:04:39That is, in foreign policy, states are actually drawn
00:04:42out to establish relations with
00:04:46each other to achieve national interests and
00:04:49meet their material and spiritual needs. They establish relations with
00:04:53each other, with other actors, with organizations, with
00:04:57important individuals, and with other states that
00:05:10domestic and foreign policy exists within states. We say that in
00:05:13domestic policy, it is mostly about the relations between individuals,
00:05:17and the relations between individuals and the state are within geographical
00:05:20borders, and the sphere of sovereignty is strong in this area.
00:05:24However, in foreign policy, the sphere
00:05:27of state sovereignty is mostly smaller, and relations
00:05:31are mostly attempted to be based on diplomacy, negotiation,
00:05:34dialogue, and other strategies that have been defined and outlined so that states
00:05:38can achieve their goals. Right, the influential factors.
00:05:43What are they in foreign policy? There are a series of
00:05:47factors and determinants, dear
00:05:51Mr. Ne'mat, that affect the foreign policy of states. That is, on what
00:05:54basis, what components, and what frameworks
00:05:58do states define and outline their foreign policy?
00:06:01For example, beliefs and values. The beliefs and
00:06:05values of every nation are different. Every geographical area, every
00:06:08sovereign area, has its prominent beliefs and values.
00:06:12Therefore, states try to consider one of the influential components
00:06:16on their foreign policy. For example, the system of the Islamic
00:06:20Emirate of Afghanistan. One of the issues that forms its working agenda
00:06:24in its foreign policy is the system and the internal beliefs and values
00:06:28of our country, which must be upheld in the field of diplomacy
00:06:31and dialogue and our relations with other countries, whether Western countries
00:06:35or foreign countries. Our beliefs and values should not be questioned,
00:06:39whether in the field of foreign relations or in the field of speech.
00:06:56They design their foreign policy in such a way that they can
00:06:59solve their internal problems. That is, when we discuss foreign policy,
00:07:03Mr. Ne'mat, today's states are no longer
00:07:07like the theories of 1648, the Peace of Westphalia. Today's
00:07:11states have different needs. Today, we cannot
00:07:14confine states within their geographical
00:07:18borders and say that we have nothing to do
00:07:22with anyone. No, needs dictate
00:07:25diplomatic needs, economic needs,
00:07:28educational needs, and training needs.
00:07:31For example, today we witnessed,
00:07:35so to speak, in various fields, whether with China,
00:07:39or with the United States, or with European countries, or with
00:07:42Asian countries, or with Russia, within the framework of the Moscow format,
00:07:46all these needs compel states to strive
00:07:50to achieve their national interests and also to
00:07:54meet their needs. Therefore, one of the other fundamental
00:07:57factors, in addition to beliefs and values, that plays a role in the foreign
00:08:01policy of states is the discussion of internal problems and public opinion,
00:08:05so that we can study and assess public opinion and, based on that, shape
00:08:08foreign policy. Domestic needs, the structure of the international
00:08:12system, and also historical and cultural factors
00:08:16are among the criteria that have a very important
00:08:19and fundamental impact on
00:08:23the formation of foreign policy. For
00:08:27further study, friends and loved ones who are interested in this field
00:08:30can read the book "Foreign Policy of Great
00:08:33Powers" or the book "Principles of International Relations" by Dr. Maliha Hassan.
00:08:37Friends and dear ones can read it and more explanations have
00:08:40been provided in this regard.
00:08:58One of the very important and fundamental tools of foreign policy
00:09:02is diplomacy. We must see, a lot of our discussions
00:09:05should not be too academic so that our friends do not get bored.
00:09:09Some terms, one discussion that is very important in political science.
00:09:32One of the precise tools for implementing foreign policy is diplomacy,
00:09:35and let's remember that diplomacy is one of
00:09:38the tools for implementing foreign policy. That is, foreign policy
00:09:41is overall. Foreign policy defines and determines
00:09:45all strategies, programs, and important
00:09:48and fundamental indicators. However, diplomacy is one of the important
00:09:52and fundamental tools for implementing foreign policy. Let me
00:09:55briefly define diplomacy. We say diplomacy
00:09:58is a method. Diplomacy is a peaceful
00:10:02method for implementing and achieving
00:10:05the goals and objectives of a state's foreign policy using peaceful means.
00:10:09Diplomacy itself is one of the fundamental tools
00:10:16for implementing the foreign policy of states,
00:10:20which is the discussion of diplomacy and negotiation, where states sit
00:10:23down and negotiate with each other. They talk, they
00:10:27reach an understanding on working agendas. The second tool
00:10:31is military threats. This is one of the important tools that,
00:10:34unfortunately, today we are witnessing various
00:10:37military threats when diplomacy does not work.
00:10:41For example, if we compare the recent wars between the Zionist
00:10:45regime, the United States, and the Islamic Republic of Iran,
00:10:49dear Mr. Ne'mat, if, for example,
00:10:51despite negotiations in foreign policy,
00:10:55we witnessed the formation of the Islamabad Pact or Treaty,
00:10:58but we saw that diplomacy was ineffective.
00:11:02This is where, when negotiation and diplomacy are ineffective in implementing
00:11:06the foreign policy of states, states resort to military action.
00:11:09For example, the US also says that
00:11:12we are determined to achieve our goals, and the Islamic Republic
00:11:16also says that we have witnessed
00:11:19one of the ministers of the Islamic Republic
00:11:22said in his official statement yesterday that
00:11:26we have inherited the struggle
00:11:29against aggressor states from the Afghans.
00:11:32Just as the Afghans resisted America, Britain,
00:11:36Russia, and other powers that wanted to dismantle the internal
00:11:40structure of Afghanistan, the Iranian nation also uses these
00:11:43agendas and stands against aggression.
00:11:47Therefore, Mr. Ne'mat, in addition to diplomacy,
00:11:50which is considered a tool for implementing the foreign policy
00:11:54of states, resorting to force may also be one of the
00:11:58justifications or rationales for states to
00:12:01stand firm in implementing their foreign policy. Sanctions are another tool.
00:12:04What is very clear is, for example, Iran says the Strait of Hormuz is closed,
00:12:08and we strike several ships daily, American ships.
00:12:12And in fact, how much impact does
00:12:15this have on world policy? And the US also says that we
00:12:18impose severe economic sanctions
00:12:21against Iran. And in the same way, with the annexation of Crimea to Russia,
00:12:25different economic sanctions are imposed on Iran.
00:12:29That is, one of the tools for implementing
00:12:32foreign policy is sanctions. Another issue that
00:12:35theoretically shows the tool for implementing foreign policy
00:12:38is humanitarian aid, where states, under the guise
00:12:42of human rights aid, under the guise of I don't know,
00:12:46democracy, under the guise of human rights, try to
00:12:49use seemingly veiled ideas
00:12:52with luxurious legal and international
00:12:55words and international law to implement and create
00:12:59their foreign policy goals in various countries.
00:13:02And also, alliances and the creation of international institutions
00:13:06are among the strategies, for example, we see their practical
00:13:09examples. The United Nations, despite being a reality,
00:13:13is what we analyze. It is something that is created in the media.
00:13:17We consider the United Nations as an international
00:13:20institution. Countries are members of it, but
00:13:24unfortunately.
00:13:55Foreign policy after the French Revolution, after the American Revolution, was established
00:13:58in America, the institution of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but the original nature of
00:14:02foreign policy has existed throughout the history of human societies, and states
00:14:05and nations have embarked on foreign policy to meet their needs.
00:14:09And throughout history, which is a very broad academic discussion,
00:14:13foreign policy has had a very prominent
00:14:16historical development in various fields. Of course,
00:14:20I will briefly tell you that the difference between today's foreign
00:14:23policy and the past is evident. In the past, foreign policy
00:14:27was limited to basic needs and ensuring the national security of countries.
00:14:30But today, with globalization, with
00:14:33communication, with the connections and closeness of the world
00:14:37to each other, the foreign policy of states is no longer limited
00:14:40to security issues. Instead, it can encompass different issues
00:14:44in various political, economic, social,
00:14:47cultural, educational, and training fields, and bring states
00:14:50together in communication.
00:16:37The diseases that increase in this season, Inshallah, we will talk
00:16:41about them, Dr. Salaam Alaikum Wa Rahmatullah, good morning.
00:16:44Thanks to the name of God, the Tablet and the Pen, the recorder
00:16:48of truth, the existence of a God who knows secrets, the first
00:16:51beginning of beginnings. With greetings, blessings, and respect to
00:16:55you, esteemed and dignified, technical colleagues,
00:16:58dear compatriots who are watching and listening to us inside and outside the country.
00:17:02Inshallah, may you always be successful, prosperous, victorious, and blessed. May your bodies be healthy
00:17:06and your smiles complete. Thank you. I am very happy to see you
00:17:09again. Let's talk about seasonal diseases,
00:17:13especially in the autumn season. Doctor, why do some
00:17:16diseases that we don't expect increase
00:17:19especially in this season and with the change of season? What is the reason
00:17:23that some diseases increase? In
00:17:26answer to your question, we should mention that the concept and topic
00:17:29of the main part that we are talking about today
00:17:33is one of the seasonal diseases, and especially diseases that occur in autumn.
00:19:08The body undergoes changes that cause some diseases
00:19:11to appear in it. If we say that the diseases that are more common
00:19:15and prevalent in autumn are what we call the common
00:19:19cold or flu, and also
00:19:23the flu or influenza.
00:19:25is
00:19:27From
00:19:34another perspective, we can say that in areas where the issue of
00:19:38since this is mostly related to internal
00:19:41respiratory, which is the lungs,
00:19:44methodology
00:19:47says that the ears and throat are more affected, and the eyes
00:19:50are affected, which we call sinusitis
00:19:53in the part of the human ear that gets
00:19:57inflamed. It can also cause inflammation of the pharynx,
00:20:01which is called pharyngitis, and also
00:20:03inflammation of the
00:20:05larynx, which is called laryngitis and tonsillitis.
00:20:09These and others can make us
00:20:13susceptible to other respiratory diseases that usually occur in autumn or
00:20:16winter, such as pneumonia or emphysema.
00:20:20They call it bronchitis. They call it COPD,
00:20:23and we can also say that those who have asthma,
00:20:27these diseases cause them to have more severe symptoms in autumn
00:20:30and winter. It is possible that the cause is bacterial
00:20:34or viral, like what we see in summer.
00:21:20It is possible that some conditions that are factor diseases
00:21:24or aggravating factors for other diseases such as heart diseases
00:21:28may be high blood pressure, or those who have
00:21:31immune system diseases, or those who may
00:21:34have diseases such as oncology, cancer, and so on. That is, in general,
00:21:38different systems of the body are affected
00:21:42and attacked. Right. You mentioned
00:21:45a very good point that in autumn, moods change. Some
00:21:48of us see in society that when autumn arrives, people become
00:21:52gloomy, and especially they say, "I feel somewhat depressed." What is the
00:21:56reason for this, Doctor? We have a term in the field
00:21:59of neurology, nervous intellect, mental health, or psychology,
00:22:03called SAD,
00:22:06which means seasonal affective disorder. The reason for this
00:22:09is the lack of sunlight during summer,
00:22:13and in spring, we have more sunlight. In autumn, changes
00:22:17in rhythm also occur in our sleep patterns. Also,
00:22:20in terms of our mood,
00:22:23which is related to some of the hormones we have,
00:22:27the happy hormones like serotonin, dopamine, endorphins,
00:22:30these are hormones that are produced in our
00:22:33bodies, or melatonin, which is a sleep hormone. This causes
00:22:37us to be active, energetic, happy,
00:22:40and also, it increases our state of happiness.
00:22:44Unfortunately, in autumn, with the changes in weather, when
00:22:48the amount of sunlight, let's say, decreases,
00:22:52and we usually spend less
00:22:55time in the sun, this causes the level of some vitamins
00:22:58to decrease in us, especially vitamin D3,
00:23:02which we say is like calcium and such, calciferol and such, and it can also
00:23:06be vitamin B12, or vitamins that are very important
00:23:10for our immune resistance, which is vitamin C,
00:23:13and also vitamins E and these decrease in you,
00:23:17and this is a condition that, due to
00:23:20recognized and unrecognized etiological factors, in autumn,
00:23:24causes us to have mood changes. However, our dear compatriots,
00:23:28friends, viewers, and listeners, should know
00:23:31and understand that
00:23:35this has been scientifically confirmed and approved. It is possible
00:23:38that changes and again with the change of season and some factors that,
00:23:42so to speak, we can, by taking some
00:23:45external substances, we can also reverse those changes.
00:25:20wear clothes that, as we said, usually keep
00:25:24us warm as much as possible, that is better and more appropriate to use.
00:25:27And usually, some activities that cause
00:25:31us to suffer from seasonal illnesses. And some
00:25:35people who have seasonal allergies, you have usually seen that in
00:25:38spring and in autumn or
00:25:41winter, one of the people has seasonal allergies.
00:25:44If we keep our immune system strong, it is a very good and excellent thing.
00:25:48بکنیم بسیار زیاد کار نیک عالی هستن.