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00:00:10defend it, the more you
00:00:33We continue in México Opina, talking about the problem of housing, we talked about the issue of VANV that
00:00:37a law was approved in Mexico, this has
00:00:39discouraged this type of rentals, or is it, let's say,
00:00:42an approach to the problem they are taking? I would say it's an
00:00:46approach to the problem, because it's been almost 2
00:00:49years, but one of the instruments hasn't really
00:00:53opened, the exact
00:00:56registry is not
00:00:59operating. The platforms and
00:01:02also the people who
00:01:05offer their homes through
00:01:08this formula, this really prevents us from having clarity
00:01:12regarding how many there
00:01:14are, where they are, let's say, they have also taken legal action
00:01:18to prevent this register from being opened.
00:01:22Angel of Independence at 9:30 So it's a bit early to
00:01:25say if it's going to work, but if
00:01:28we comparatively analyze this...
00:01:31purpose, let's say, the purpose of eh law with others that clearly have many more years of
00:01:33trying to regulate the phenomenon, I think it will be difficult for
00:01:37it to be effective because these are laws that require
00:01:41a lot of control from the state and that in other
00:01:44countries have gone much further than just this
00:01:4850% of nights. There are countries that talk about
00:01:5112%, there are countries or cities like New
00:01:55York that only consider the possibility of renting a
00:01:58room in a eh... home where the
00:02:02owner lives. This is due to the fact that they have circumvented the law, yes,
00:02:05clearly, there is always a
00:02:09very tough tug-of-war. The platforms themselves
00:02:11do their big lobbying, they do
00:02:14their eh lawsuits, so no, it's not a simple
00:02:18debate, but it seems to me that Barcelona, eh, when it states that
00:02:22in 2028 it will simply eliminate them, is telling
00:02:26what? I think to be a CEO in us that it is very difficult to find a balance between the...
00:02:30permanence of these new businesses that
00:02:33are very extractive because
00:02:36what they generate more income, let's say by dividing
00:02:39a home into small pieces, because you can even rent a
00:02:44global room eh in contrast to precisely the right to adequate housing. The situation is so extreme
00:02:48that Barcelona is talking about
00:02:51eliminating that type of problem for housing, yes, yes, it
00:02:55represents not the only problem, we always
00:02:59have it from Carla and me because then they also attack us with "oh
00:03:03no, these two always say
00:03:05is eh in the central areas of that Airbnb is not one of the multiple
00:03:08problems", but if we imagine that there are around 26,
00:03:1127, this number is very changing, of
00:03:15homes on Airbnb only in this city, with an increase
00:03:19of 150% during
00:03:21the World Cup period, for example, in neighborhoods that had been exempt
00:03:25from this, like Santa Úrsula due to its proximity to the
00:03:29soccer stadium, we are talking about the subtraction from the
00:03:33traditional rental market, already so complex due to high prices, a very wide
00:03:37concentrated in, in the case of Mexico, in La
00:03:38Popumo or in housing market, and it has also been studied that there is an impact
00:03:42on general housing prices caused
00:03:44by these specific
00:03:48homes, at least in the surrounding areas. And another thing,
00:03:51we have analyzed that there is a kind of coincidence,
00:03:55perhaps not direct, let's say, because we cannot get
00:03:58these data, between where evictions are concentrated in
00:04:02our city, most of which are, for
00:04:05example, and the concentration of
00:04:09Airbnb. There is much more to study and
00:04:11analyze, but it is a red flag, I would say,
00:04:15there is no doubt. Marien Pilar, well,
00:04:19there it is, what you're telling us,
00:04:22Silvia, is super interesting. We would have to understand also the
00:04:26difference between dispossession and displacement.
00:04:30Because here again, we are talking right now about the
00:04:34digital platform Airbnb or what are
00:04:36the government of temporary accommodations through platforms, what happens is
00:04:40that what it is doing is displacing what is a home
00:04:43that perhaps has an owner
00:04:46eh with the potential to rent it out to
00:04:50local people who could rent or buy
00:04:53it, it does so for these short stays, right? So it generates
00:04:57real estate pressure as well, it raises
00:05:00prices, etc., which causes this
00:05:03pressure to be a very localized phenomenon, furthermore,
00:05:07we are talking about where the Airbnb phenomenon occurs,
00:05:10here in Mexico City.
00:05:14The centralities again, in Juárez, in
00:05:17Condesa, in Roma, the gentrification phenomenon, which we haven't
00:05:21talked about as such, but it's the same thing, where
00:05:25does it occur? So the problem, although it is not denying the
00:05:28problem, it is a problem of real estate pressure, there is a problem
00:05:32of population
00:05:35displacement, some of these can be eviction, which is different
00:05:38for me, but I am not the expert because you are the lawyers, but for me the phenomenon
00:05:42of displacement is different from eviction, but displacement
00:05:45can be direct, which is "I can't afford to pay more, I'm
00:05:49leaving" or it can be indirect, where the person has lived there
00:05:53for three generations, for example, or four
00:05:56generations, but everything around them started to change, the cost of living started
00:05:59to change, commercial offerings started to change,
00:06:03cultural offerings, services,
00:06:05and so they can no longer afford to live
00:06:08there, or their children will no longer be able to afford to live in
00:06:12that... which was their own. So it is indirect displacement.
00:06:15So there are several phenomena about
00:06:19eh eh all this issue of speculation towards what
00:06:22is rent, property, and
00:06:25also I would talk a bit about
00:06:28the visible
00:06:31phenomenon of touristification from platforms, it is the
00:06:35visible phenomenon and blaming a
00:06:39visible phenomenon or blaming a visible phenomenon with:
00:06:42like eh the the what they call
00:06:45now nomad, the digital nomads,
00:06:49touristification is a very
00:06:52visible situation but it is not the underlying issue because the underlying problem, once
00:06:56again, our phrase of the day today is structural and
00:06:59it is much more complex than that. One thing is that it is the most
00:07:02visible and what almost everyone talks about: how
00:07:05terrible, foreigners are coming and taking our homes,
00:07:09X, Y, and Z arrive, which is a lot of problems
00:07:13of social and economic nature, but it is very
00:07:16localized, we are talking here about an extension of what housing is
00:07:20in Mexico. Eh, well, it's a fact that
00:07:23the Airbnb issue, as Silvia says, is not the origin of
00:07:27all problems, it is not the only problem, in many cities
00:07:31it is not the main problem, but it is
00:07:34a problem and I do think
00:07:37it compares a lot the discussions about the housing crisis with
00:07:40the climate crisis, eh,
00:07:43I think we cannot, we could not accept that if we are talking about the
00:07:47need to reduce vehicle use, the
00:07:50counter-argument would be, "well, but it's not the only thing, there are other factors that
00:07:53contribute to
00:07:57warming, there's the issue of livestock, etc." Yes, yes, yes, but if we
00:08:00go by "it's not the only thing," we could not talk about any
00:08:03problem, and the same thing happens with the housing issue, with the housing
00:08:07crisis, it's not the only thing, but it is a problem that exists and we have to
00:08:10say it as it is, it is a problem that is not regulated and
00:08:14it is true, Airbnb
00:08:17cities, but that seems evident to me, because in the central
00:08:21areas tourism is usually found, in no city
00:08:24in the world, and I dare say never, will Airbnb be
00:08:28distributed equitably throughout
00:08:31an entire city, always by its
00:08:34nature, eh the Airbnbs will
00:08:37concentrate in tourist areas which are usually the
00:08:41central ones. And that does generate a problem because it's not
00:08:44just a matter of them being physically eh
00:08:51Lajuarez, but that all those people who are displaced by
00:08:54Airbnb will have to go somewhere, and that can
00:08:58generate a ripple effect in which people
00:09:01come to, I don't know, Doctores or Narvarte, and those people
00:09:05displaced from the center might have a little more purchasing
00:09:08power than the people who live there, and that keeps happening.
00:09:12So, in waves, as Silvia said, there is still a lot of data
00:09:15to cross-reference and even generate to
00:09:18be able to determine this type of relationship, but these
00:09:22ripple effects are very well documented in
00:09:26urban planning, in addition to the fact that not only has the increase in rent occurred in
00:09:30in in the center of Mexico City, but also in Iztapalapa it has increased, in
00:09:33Xochimilco it has increased proportionally to what
00:09:36they cost, obviously it doesn't cost the same in Iztapalapa than
00:09:40than or in Xochimilco than what it costs in in in La del
00:09:44Valle, I don't know, but there has been an equal
00:09:47increase, so we need to understand the Airbnb issue as an urban
00:09:50planning issue, as an issue of how this generates
00:09:53displacements, and we also need to understand its
00:09:56problematic not only from large cities, and as Silvia
00:10:00says, buildings have been documented, eh in fact, I
00:10:03learned a lot of what I know about housing rights from Silvia, for example, and I
00:10:07remember when, since I first came into contact with Silvia, the first
00:10:11cases I saw with her were entire buildings
00:10:15evicted by Airbnb for Airbnb, so those cases
00:10:18exist, so eh, I think we have to include them in that
00:10:22package without underestimating their
00:10:26importance, without that implying believing that by regulating Airbnb we
00:10:29will solve everything, of course not. I agree with what was mentioned about
00:10:33the land issue, the planning issue. I believe that if there are no land
00:10:37banks, the problem will not be solved, eh. We thank you very much, Carla, for
00:10:40being with us this afternoon. We know that you have another commitment, so we
00:10:44thank you very much for being with us, Carla Escofier, lawyer and master in human rights and
00:10:48democratization from the Externado
00:11:08The need to migrate knows no age. Many
00:11:12say they want to reach Mexico City, but others seek
00:11:15to go further
00:11:16north.
00:11:20The Mexican army's anti-drone battalion consists of
00:11:23these types of elements: jammers to bring down drones
00:11:27that have become a threat. Chiapas
00:11:30authorities have detected a cattle smuggling
00:11:33point. This is one of the illegal crossing
00:11:37points for cattle going from Central America to
00:11:40Mexico. Thousands of protesters, workers from this
00:11:43country, left from the
00:11:47AM. I am in the municipality of Teuchitlán, in the
00:11:51Mexican state of Jalisco. Here the discovery
00:11:54was. gruesome by collectives of people searching
00:11:57for missing persons. What made you come here with the suspicion
00:12:01that your son might be on this
00:12:03ranch?
00:12:11there are not many places in the world that have
00:12:14the quality, the stability, and the size of opportunity that Latin America has in
00:12:18terms of duplicating a business, of quintupling or multiplying by
00:12:2110. Many people talk about Latin America as if Latin America were a country or...
00:12:25a region, and in reality, Latin America is the combination of many, many countries, more than
00:12:2820, that have different cultures, different rules of the game,
00:12:32different infrastructure, a financial service that operates with other rules, so the
00:12:35ability to understand it, adapt it, deal with that volatility, I think
00:12:39is a unique asset that the free
00:12:41market has.
00:12:45And the playbook for a CEO who wants to look at Latin America has to be
00:12:51Latin America you have to have flexibility, adaptability, look long
00:12:55term and think about what is right for users in 10
00:12:58years, above all you have to know how to take risks and adapt to changing contexts.
00:13:37Forum with Senate candidate James Talarico, a face-to-face meeting with
00:13:41voters, unfiltered, unedited. Can the Democratic candidate
00:13:44win in a Republican state? CNN
00:13:47and Jubil forum with James Tallarico, Wednesday on
00:13:50CNN.
00:15:02I'm Andy Ortiz in Lima, Peru, we are
00:15:04CNN.
00:15:10We continue in México Opina, even talking about the many
00:15:14problems, talking about Spain where all these protests
00:15:17have occurred in recent weeks due to the case of Mari Carmen, there is a booming
00:15:21real estate market in Spain, in Madrid particularly.
00:15:25Many of these capitals belong to those who can no longer access the United States due to immigration
00:15:28policies, I mean, you can
00:15:31imagine the number of permutations that have to be made to
00:15:35get to that point. That is to say, there are many Latin American capitals
00:15:38that used to go to buy in Houston, Florida or anywhere
00:15:41else, now have certain migratory difficulties in
00:15:45the United States, so they have chosen other destinations to occupy
00:15:49those speculative capitals. Madrid has
00:15:53opened its doors to that, there we see another part of the problem, that
00:15:56is to say, everything leads to the same problem that
00:15:59we are seeing. But returning to the topic,
00:16:03this is very multi-factorial. The state must therefore and...
00:16:07intervene from my point of view, seeking a
00:16:10balance, exactly, from my point of view, yes, I think
00:16:14it was mentioned previously, right? There are some countries that
00:16:18we look to as if they had, eh, not everything
00:16:22resolved. One is the city of Vienna, another is
00:16:26Singapore, eh, it is very difficult to
00:16:29imagine reaching these situations, but what did they do
00:16:33in these places? On the one hand, in the case of Singapore,
00:16:37who has a lot of
00:16:40public land, precisely that idea that land
00:16:44should not be privatized, it must be guaranteed for the
00:16:47benefit of the majorities, this has guaranteed that land
00:16:50prices remain controlled. In the case of Vienna, something
00:16:54partially similar happens, obviously it is a city eh
00:16:57much, much smaller than Mexico City, eh,
00:17:01but it has most of the housing in public
00:17:04rent, its
00:17:08housing is not speculative, but the satisfaction of a right. The
00:17:12vast majority, 80- 90% of the
00:17:15population of any social class accesses
00:17:18housing through this formula, which is absolutely
00:17:22unthinkable in other countries, indeed.
00:17:25But that tells us that these cities do not
00:17:29have crises at this moment, there are others that do, as
00:17:32Carla also said, reduced, even
00:17:36France, I would say that... a European country eh very
00:17:39close to Spain, but it has had policies in the years of
00:17:42greater defense eh of social housing
00:17:46has proposed and has not eh modified
00:17:50the older legislations, let's say, regarding, for example, the
00:17:53automatization of contracts, the idea
00:17:57of a lease that
00:18:00France has that can last several years and that is automatically
00:18:03renewed, this is a debate that is happening in
00:18:07Spain today, why don't we go back, we don't have this type of
00:18:10contracts, here we have annual contracts that
00:18:14obviously speak of a situation for tenants
00:18:17and female tenants that is very complicated, because every year
00:18:20it could be, it doesn't happen obviously
00:18:23always that they have to change housing
00:18:26and it happens to us to interview young people who in recent years have changed
00:18:30four times, but then facing that, what do I mean? That the state
00:18:34does have to intervene from our point of view. With many measures,
00:18:38building more housing is not necessarily ownership housing,
00:18:42because at the moment when I make a public effort to
00:18:46build housing, I give it to you, who immediately, after two or
00:18:49three years, for some reason, decide to put it back on the
00:18:53market, well, that's not really helping to keep prices
00:18:57low, because all of us are very used to, and there are no
00:19:01safeguards, trying to get the most out of housing. So
00:19:04I think it would be more convenient also to have
00:19:08housing that remains in the hands of the
00:19:11state with public rent, a rent with all
00:19:14the administration and management problems. In Mexico it doesn't exist, but this administration
00:19:18is starting to propose public housing for
00:19:21rent for young people, for example. So we
00:19:23therefore need more housing,
00:19:27more housing options,
00:19:29more ways to effectively access
00:19:32diversification of the model, not only ownership but also
00:19:36rental, but why not cooperatives? that sometimes function
00:19:39as a kind of island against the
00:19:42speculative city, because there is a collective, a bit like in the
00:19:46ejidos, that has to decide before
00:19:48selling a whole good, a cooperative
00:19:52land, this has led to
00:19:54interesting results in cities like Montevideo, which is
00:19:58the Latin American capital of housing cooperatives since the 60s.
00:20:02What happens is that in Latin America, well, especially in Mexico, we were
00:20:06taught from always. all our lives, generations ago, new
00:20:09generations, I think, are thinking differently, but that you have to own property, otherwise you are lost, and
00:20:13you have to do everything possible to fight for a property, that's your heritage.
00:20:17Indeed, years of effort
00:20:20and work are invested in a heritage, changing that mindset is
00:20:24quite complicated, right? The new congregations, I think, don't even want to buy anything anymore,
00:20:27they don't want to kill themselves for a for a for a what do you call it, for
00:20:3015 years. Or they can't. In Mexico, we are
00:20:34used to staying in one place. for
00:20:37generations, the grandfather, the father, the
00:20:40son, not just in one house, no, but in the place, in the
00:20:44neighborhood, we are, we become attached
00:20:47from here, the more attached
00:20:50a community is, hence the importance of being part
00:20:53of the band at a given moment, the more you take care of your
00:20:57city, the more you
00:21:00make it your own, and the case is that this defense, this
00:21:04rootedness, is a counterpoint to the phenomenon of
00:21:07touristification, of the arrival of nomads, etcetera,
00:21:11etcetera. Now, let me also, I don't know, I'm already rambling
00:21:15a lot in this part, but... another
00:21:19situation comes into
00:21:21debate, how much does it mean that
00:21:25new services start to appear in your
00:21:28neighborhood, better equipment,
00:21:31that your neighborhood gets an upgrade in terms of
00:21:34services, not in terms of real estate pressure,
00:21:38but that neighborhoods that have been
00:21:41neglected for decades suddenly get an
00:21:44injection of improvement at a level eh not
00:21:47only of urban
00:21:50services, but of new capital
00:21:54entering, new businesses without displacing the
00:21:58ones that are already there, because that's another thing, not only is there a displacement of residents, there
00:22:02is a displacement of traditional businesses, we are
00:22:05seeing that, so at what cost does someone have the
00:22:09right to improve their neighborhood, that's
00:22:12the great dilemma, but don't displace me because of that, I who have lived
00:22:16for so many decades, my family in a neighborhood that has not been well...
00:22:54And I know it's difficult, but how do we reach a
00:22:56balance, eh, in which we don't lose sight of
00:23:00this that we had all over the place when we started to
00:23:04prepare this talk, which is the objective, the common
00:23:07good, that we all benefit, not just a
00:23:10few, it should not be a business,
00:23:14because as a business, other things can be invented,
00:23:17but something so delicate and with... so much technological advancement like artificial
00:23:21intelligence must have a
00:23:25basic condition, which is that it serves a
00:23:29majority of human
00:25:16beings. The need to migrate knows no age. Many
00:25:20say they want to reach Mexico City, but others seek
00:25:23to go further
00:25:24north.
00:25:28The Mexican army's anti-drone battalion consists of
00:25:31these types of elements, jammers to bring down drones
00:25:35that have become a threat. Chiapas
00:25:38authorities have detected a cattle smuggling
00:25:41point. This is one of the illegal crossing
00:25:45points for cattle going from Central America to
00:25:48Mexico. Thousands of demonstrators, workers from this
00:25:52country, left from the Angel of Independence at 9:30
00:25:55AM. I am in the municipality of
00:25:58Teuchitlán, in the Mexican state of Jalisco. Here
00:26:01the discovery was. it was macabre by collectives of people
00:26:05searching for disappeared persons. What made
00:26:07you come here with the suspicion that your son might be on this
00:26:11ranch?
00:26:15Forum with Senate candidate James Talarico, a face-to-face meeting with
00:26:18voters, unfiltered, unedited. Can the Democratic candidate
00:26:22win in a Republican state? CNN
00:26:25and Jubile forum with James Talarico on Wednesday on
00:26:28CNN. Would you like to have a healthier life?
00:26:32Join me to discover new tips, scientific
00:26:35advances, and current methods that can help us improve our
00:26:39mind and body in a consultation with Dr. Huerta, a
00:26:43CNN
00:26:44podcast.
00:26:48We are reaching the end of this edition of México Opina, we will continue addressing it because each
00:26:52one gives material, each of the problems, of the aspects of the housing issue
00:26:56is enough for a whole program, but we wanted a reflection before
00:27:00saying goodbye, Silvia, I think we have to... we have to go back
00:27:03to the human side of this whole situation, it seems to me that in
00:27:07Spain, of course, everything has been concentrated, perhaps in recent
00:27:11days and weeks around eh the
00:27:13eviction of Mrs. Mary Carmen, who actually
00:27:16passed away two days ago, she is not the first person
00:27:20unfortunately who passes away after an
00:27:24eviction, the impacts of evictions are psychologically
00:27:27and in terms of health very
00:27:31impacting, in her case. She was 71 years old, from what I have
00:27:35read, she lived in that same building, she wanted to die there and
00:27:38after the eviction she died in a Spanish hospital
00:27:42eh in the capital, I think we have to look at that
00:27:46human part when we look at the right to housing, we cannot
00:27:49lose sight of it because our cities are emptying
00:27:53out, they are losing their soul,
00:27:56they are changing in colors, in smells, in
00:27:59culture, not either is it about... being in
00:28:03permanent defense of nothing changing, but
00:28:06surely the fact that we build cities only
00:28:09for the market, only for the consumption of a few, is
00:28:13really a problem that must be
00:28:16faced from the point of view of the human
00:28:19side of all this, right? What will happen to all these people
00:28:23who no longer find a place? Will their lives be adequate, will
00:28:26their lives be dignified? Well, I also want to share this reflection about the
00:28:30responsibility that Silvia mentioned. All of us have this
00:28:33responsibility of caring
00:28:36for
00:28:39towards factors that may not directly affect
00:28:42me but can be
00:28:45extraordinarily a affected population
00:28:49like let's say
00:28:52a an, how do you call it when you throw
00:28:56a stone and the wave moves, right?
00:28:59There is something that is causing a crisis. Maybe it doesn't
00:29:02affect me, it's not affecting me at the moment, at
00:29:06first, but we have to
00:29:09make people aware that they are really being
00:29:12affected by displacement, by housing backwardness, by lack of
00:29:16housing, and that is an interest that we now have as
00:29:19a responsibility, I take up the word again, in the field
00:29:22of, for example, training, we are currently having these generations that
00:29:26are being hit very hard, but they also have the privilege of the
00:29:30opportunity to make them aware, and I think that's what
00:29:33I was getting at from the beginning of my idea,
00:29:37it was the awareness
00:29:40towards the vulnerability of the one next to you,
00:29:44and to train young people who, for example, in my
00:29:47case, future architects, urban planners,
00:29:50real estate developers, that
00:29:52the important thing is not the business, that the
00:29:56important thing is how your decision
00:29:59is impacting towards...
00:30:02impacts the systemic, social sphere,
00:30:05how it impacts the neighbor, how this decision that you are
00:30:09making so that the numbers work out in your real
00:30:12estate business, for example, is causing a
00:30:15wave from, it's unbalancing the best a
00:30:19market, it's a very complex, very
00:30:22systemic issue, but we have something where
00:30:26we can change the variable so that something starts
00:30:29to return, it gives me hope the first side.
00:30:32I'm giving myself hope, I'll be very attentive to what will happen with the
00:30:36measures that
00:30:39will