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00:00:13that the people agreed with
00:00:23we always aim with
00:00:35In the forests of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, communities like
00:00:38this one are accustomed to their territory being threatened by
00:00:42mining companies, illegal loggers, and land
00:00:45grabbers. But now, in addition to these threats,
00:00:49they have to face a new type of greed, that of the air
00:00:53miners, the representatives of the carbon
00:00:56market.
00:01:08We have suffered a lot of harassment
00:01:12from companies that want to buy carbon from
00:01:16our communities,
00:01:19they came there telling us where we as
00:01:22community members can take and sell
00:01:25what are carbon credits, I
00:01:27the most outstanding content on didn't know what REDD is, what carbon
00:01:30credits are, just like my people,
00:01:34no, when it was when it was logging, we saw the raft passing with
00:01:37the wooden logs and we saw how all our wealth went to
00:01:41another region, today no, today it is a carbon
00:01:45market, where nothing is seen, that is, what is being
00:01:48sold, that nothing is seen, that nothing is touched to
00:01:51feel, and what are carbon credit
00:01:55bonds, who buys them, who issues them, who solves
00:01:59what is it?
00:02:01What kind of market is this, that the forest has been here for years, the people of
00:02:05the communities have protected it for years and now a project
00:02:09meet in the communities in comes that will save that forest, and the
00:02:12company entering there, offering millions so that the communities
00:02:16could do nothing, just stay in their hammock. A friend of mine
00:02:20says that when money is involved, be suspicious,
00:02:24and that's what happened to me too, I started to
00:02:26distrust. So, these are the... pirates
00:02:30who try to subdue indigenous
00:02:34peoples through
00:02:36lies
00:02:38so that they receive the community's
00:02:41approval through a
00:02:44contract between the company and the community so that the
00:02:48company, on behalf of the community, can negotiate
00:02:51carbon
00:02:56to articulate themselves in this complex reality.
00:03:08This dialogue is very important for us who
00:03:11seek a lot of information through
00:03:14other countries from leaders who came
00:03:17here
00:03:20so that we understand this carbon credit,
00:03:25Amazon faces the worst drought in because many people who have already had experiences with carbon credits
00:03:27problems.
00:03:31in reality they reduce the problem of So this is what we have to
00:03:35debate
00:03:39the problem is much deeper and has to do with among ourselves to debate against REDD,
00:03:43brothers, today is a historic day for
00:03:47us and if we are here it is for the vindication of
00:03:50our rights as indigenous peoples and carbon
00:03:54businesses are generating divisions
00:03:57in the communities
00:03:59industry, the oil industry, in indigenous families, they spoke
00:04:02about the different strategies used by companies,
00:04:05NGOs and governments to approach communities and
00:04:09sell carbon credits from their territories.
00:04:13They were very strategic because they used an indigenous
00:04:16person, they used her to reach
00:04:19us, but they didn't really do a prior consultation in the
00:04:23reservation but rather took her to the city
00:04:27eh, they paid for hotels, food.
00:04:30they treated her very well to be able to enter the
00:04:33process,
00:04:41we are also here to contribute, to bring
00:04:44some of our experiences, it was an agreement they made in an
00:04:48isolated way, they called only some leaders,
00:04:52some people, and with that they made it seem that they had the
00:04:56support of the whole town to have access to the credits.
00:05:08guests in
00:05:11headline of the moment or with is verifying the presence of the inhabitants who were at that
00:05:15meeting and after some time I was able to discover through
00:05:19a project document that that signature
00:05:22they asked for served to prove
00:05:26the project and they weren't, they didn't even know
00:05:29that it would be used to say that they agreed with the project, when
00:05:33I discovered this, the project already had many carbon credits that they had
00:05:37already sold, two people visited
00:05:40me stating that it was...
00:05:42to talk to the organization of my territory, eh, they
00:05:46wanted to advance a project, eh with
00:05:50the children and with the elderly and they brought
00:05:53eh details, gifts, they invited
00:05:57to a meeting in the territory, when the women went
00:06:01eh they realized that they were taking out a
00:06:04drone, why that drone, what is it for, that no, that
00:06:08this is to get to know more in depth, it caught our attention a lot and generated
00:06:12concern for us, we went to the depth of that and we
00:06:16found that they already had an established project in our
00:06:19territory for carbon credit business, of which
00:06:22we had no
00:06:23knowledge.
00:06:27We started to notice many people from outside that we perceived were not
00:06:31from that region, they were not from that territory
00:06:35and we started to investigate to understand what those people
00:06:39were doing there, so we discovered that there was a project
00:06:43within the territory, after 10 years we discovered it and
00:06:46we managed to initiate a process against Verra who
00:06:50certified that REDD project in the territory of
00:06:53the communities, so the project was
00:06:57slowed down, not stopped, it was slowed down and is in
00:07:00court,
00:07:05eh, there was no knowledge of what carbon markets consist of,
00:07:09eh, however, a contract signed without consultation, without the
00:07:13free and informed consent of the communities and upon finding that
00:07:16novelty and that signed contract, we proceeded to
00:07:21assemblies and it was concluded among all our communities
00:07:25that this contract was not welcome in the
00:07:28territories since the contract has a duration of
00:07:3230 years extendable to 100 years, the contract had
00:07:36clauses that were not in accordance with the
00:07:39culture, the nature was not
00:07:42in accordance with the context
00:07:45of our community and our territory, we
00:07:49advanced in some legal and technical
00:07:52consultations and the contract was, let's say, suspended
00:07:55until the prior consultation process
00:07:58is advanced.
00:08:02The participants of the meeting also wanted to know what happens in
00:08:05communities in other continents, for that they watched
00:08:08testimonials recorded especially for them,
00:08:11the testimonials show that women suffer the most serious impacts,
00:08:15although their voices are rarely
00:08:17heard.
00:08:22REDD has a huge impact on women,
00:08:25especially in our village. The women of
00:08:28our village were forbidden from entering the
00:08:30forest.
00:08:32This meant that women were also forbidden
00:08:35from farming. We cannot plant rice because it is
00:08:38forbidden to burn forests which is our traditional way
00:08:42of cultivation, furthermore, women no longer had
00:08:46permission to collect firewood or medicinal plants, this
00:08:49also affected men who used to hunt in the
00:08:53forest,
00:08:55this affected us because we depend heavily on the
00:08:58forest.
00:09:05I started planting trees for the Ecotrust carbon
00:09:08project, I complied with the agreement by planting the trees that
00:09:12Ecotrust asked for, in exchange they promised me money that they never
00:09:16gave me to be able to take care of my children, since I planted those trees
00:09:19I never earned a single dollar with them, but I have children to take care of, to
00:09:23feed. It came to a point where I couldn't guarantee them food with
00:09:27the planting of those trees.
00:09:30So I decided to cut down the trees and plant plantains, as you can see
00:09:34in the background. When I cut down the trees and grew food,
00:09:38they started to threaten me, calling me by
00:09:41phone, in the evening.
00:10:21We are not satisfied with the
00:10:24the. topic that others put, here
00:10:28we analyze the real impact of what happens in the
00:10:31world and on your screen, from Monday to Friday
00:10:34we plan to disarm the informative matrix and
00:10:38everything that is geopolitical daily events that become
00:10:42so interactive, the truth in our communities
00:10:45moves us because
00:10:48our heart forward, from
00:10:51the south 3.0 by multiplatform teleSUR.
00:10:59Only by
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00:13:01The origin of the carbon market dates back more than 30 years
00:13:04ago, but in 2015 these received a great boost with the
00:13:08signing of the Paris Agreement within the framework of the United Nations Climate
00:13:11Conference.
00:13:14I look at this room and I see that the reaction is positive, I do not
00:13:18see objections. The Paris climate agreement is
00:13:22approved.
00:13:25The promoters of these carbon markets present it as the solution to the climate crisis that the
00:13:29world is facing, in reality eh they are far from being a
00:13:32solution to the current problems, the era of global
00:13:35warming has ended and the era of global boiling is
00:13:39coming, Africa is the one that has contributed the least to the climate
00:13:42crisis, but the one that suffers the worst impacts, droughts right
00:13:46now, the
00:13:50history, the rivers that cross the
00:13:52region,
00:13:56the climate crisis to as if there is a lot of carbon dioxide, as if that
00:14:00were the problem, but in reality
00:14:04the production system, for a solution we must then change that production system.
00:14:08So, when talking about carbon, they are talking about CO2, carbon
00:14:12dioxide, that is the gas that is generated with the excessive burning of fossil fuels,
00:14:15such as oil, such as gas or such as coal, which are used
00:14:19mainly in large industries, eh, for example, the aviation
00:14:24mining and others, so one of the big deceptions of the carbon
00:14:28market is wanting to make us believe that
00:14:32eh this carbon dioxide that is emitted in large quantities can be
00:14:35compensated by a forest or a plantation in a country very far
00:14:39from where they are originally emitted, so for example a
00:14:42company in Germany, a large polluter, pretends to compensate that
00:14:46pollution by promoting the creation of a
00:14:49plantation, the conservation of a forest in a general country.
00:14:53and the name they gave to this
00:14:57supposed compensation was carbon
00:15:01neutrality, that supposed carbon
00:15:04neutrality is a lie, because they continue
00:15:08to release a lot of carbon into the atmosphere and the forests do not
00:15:11have the capacity to absorb that carbon,
00:15:15and the carbon credit is the currency with which they buy that
00:15:18supposed neutrality, by buying carbon credits, companies
00:15:22carry out this fictitious exchange between the... pollution they emit
00:15:26and the supposed absorption of this pollution by forests or
00:15:29plantations. We call the carbon credit a
00:15:33pollution credit because it gives these companies a right to pollute.
00:15:37It is no coincidence that among the main buyers of carbon credits are
00:15:41large corporations, industries that devastate and emit
00:15:44a lot of pollution, such as oil companies, aviation
00:15:48companies, technology companies and mining
00:15:50companies. What companies skillfully do is
00:15:54use these carbon projects to create advertising
00:15:58that diverts attention from the impacts that these companies
00:16:01cause.
00:16:04Almost anyone can buy carbon credits to help
00:16:08offset their carbon footprint, one of the most
00:16:11advanced gasolines in the world and which is now carbon
00:16:14neutral,
00:16:17among the main carbon projects are REDD
00:16:21projects, which means reduction of carbon emissions
00:16:25from deforestation and forest degradation. What
00:16:28these projects do is invent a story, the story that without
00:16:32the carbon project the forest would be destroyed and what
00:16:36happens is that in these projects,
00:16:39they always have to identify some danger, because if
00:16:43there is no danger of deforestation, there is no carbon
00:16:47project,
00:16:49so they will always have to point out some threat to the
00:16:53forest, and in all these carbon
00:16:57projects a logging company can appear as a threat or perhaps another
00:17:00invader, but they always point to the
00:17:04communities as also causing deforestation.
00:17:11According to these projects, when a community collects
00:17:14firewood or uses fire in a small cultivation area, it would be
00:17:18causing destruction and pollution similar to that
00:17:21caused by an oil or mining company.
00:17:25By identifying communities as responsible for
00:17:28deforestation, carbon projects end up imposing
00:17:32restrictions on them and prohibiting the use of their own
00:17:35territories. Finally. What these
00:17:38projects sell is not carbon, what they sell is
00:17:41the promise to protect forests, saying that communities do not
00:17:45know, cannot protect them by themselves, that
00:17:49promise they call a carbon credit. These
00:17:53carbon credits are certified by entities such as
00:17:56Verra, involved in various scandals and can be
00:17:59sold by private companies or by NGOs.
00:18:03Governments can also carry out REDD projects in very
00:18:07much larger areas that can cover several territories, these are called
00:18:10jurisdictional REDD or government REDD,
00:18:13but in reality that does not reduce the
00:18:17risks or make the projects better for the
00:18:19communities.
00:18:23The mechanism is perverse, because where there are REDD
00:18:26projects, it is not in the places where there is a lot of
00:18:29deforestation. Why? Because making
00:18:32large monocultures of soy, of oil palm,
00:18:36doing mining on a large scale
00:18:39is much more lucrative, it brings much more
00:18:42money than these carbon projects, so what
00:18:46was done was to take these projects to forest areas
00:18:50that are not in danger, and
00:18:52in those areas there are always
00:18:54communities, that's why the territories of many
00:18:58communities are in the sights of the carbon market,
00:19:01with a racist and colonial logic, this market
00:19:05unleashed a new wave of land grabbing in the global
00:19:11South, Through this meeting, this
00:19:14dialogue, this exchange of experiences, we came to understand that
00:19:18we are all going through the same thing, so for us
00:19:22it is fundamental to understand that REDD has already harmed several
00:19:25territories, communities and people. It is
00:19:27alarming for us to know this reality,
00:19:31how they are signing contracts with indigenous peoples
00:19:34with different variants, so these are very
00:19:38contracts where we could easily
00:19:41be deceived and be caught in these
00:19:45projects and then face the
00:19:48effects, the impacts and when it is too late and also
00:19:52these contracts would be very long
00:19:54term,
00:19:57when these projects reach the
00:19:59communities,
00:20:02they do not recognize our way of
00:20:04life, they do not recognize... our way of
00:20:08living, they do not recognize our cultures
00:20:12or our customs, our traditions, and above
00:20:15all our traditional knowledge that has always
00:20:19been transmitted from generation to generation, in which
00:20:23we use nature as a way of
00:20:25subsistence,
00:20:29basically it is about eh
00:20:33restricting and prohibiting
00:20:35touching these territories. that is, touching the
00:20:39forests in the way we indigenous peoples
00:20:43used to do.
00:20:47So it is a project that comes from top to bottom.
00:20:51So there are two visions on territory: the vision of the
00:20:55community, of us as peoples and traditional
00:20:58communities, and the vision of large capitalist
00:21:02companies,
00:21:04who are in the market wanting to make more profits and continue polluting.
00:21:22We are concerned about the plans to promote climate
00:21:25capitalism
00:21:27as a solution to climate change.
00:21:31In our people, in our indigenous knowledge,
00:21:35this is wrong, this is perverse, to have a system of
00:21:38ownership of life itself, of ownership of the
00:21:41air, so we are part of a movement to say
00:21:45no.
00:21:47Our culture is capo culture. We defend
00:21:51nature, in that sense, we do not negotiate
00:21:54nature for the market, this
00:21:58has to stop, we do not want them to continue using
00:22:02our work of caring, protecting,
00:22:05defending, so that they continue to have a
00:22:08green image before the world, a false green image,
00:22:12because here in my territory they clean their image and in other territories
00:22:16they are destroying, they are killing, they are dispossessing
00:22:20indigenous peoples of their common home, it is a
00:22:23hypocrisy worldwide that is not being talked about directly,
00:22:27because otherwise this COP would not be in its 29th edition
00:22:30that is already reaching its 30th edition, a climate
00:22:34solution cannot yet be
00:22:35spoken of,
00:22:39and that is why we have risen in permanent
00:22:43resistance, rejecting these false climate
00:22:45solutions
00:22:48and accepting these carbon credits
00:22:52no, and if we are going to defend our territory, let it be for us, not for them.
00:23:50Temperatures rise, rain patterns change, and drought
00:23:53advances. This is a reflection of a planet crying for help
00:30:30Hello, how are you, I'm Caryali Ramírez, this is. Mundo podcast, the space
00:30:34where the voices and views of teleSUR's multiplatform
00:30:37podcasts converge. In another voice, Sasi Alejandre tells
00:30:41us how after more than a decade of
00:30:44mobilizations and demands for justice by the
00:30:48families, the case of the 43 missing students
00:30:51from Ayotzinapa remains unsolved. In this
00:30:55episode, the lack of answers from the administration
00:30:59of Enrique Peña Nieto is analyzed.