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00:00:07progressive positions. I wouldn't
00:00:34us how after more than a decade of
00:00:37mobilizations and demands for justice from the
00:00:40families, the case of the 43 disappeared Ayotzinapa students
00:00:44remains unresolved. In this
00:00:47episode, the lack of answers from the administration
00:00:51of Enrique Peña Nieto and the alleged complicity of the
00:00:55in his mass, the axis of army are analyzed, offering also the fundamental
00:00:58keys to understanding how the events occurred.
00:01:01Join me.
00:01:07They took them alive and we want them back alive, that is the demand that for
00:01:1012 years has been made to the Mexican state for the 43
00:01:14disappeared students of Ayotzinapa, a state
00:01:18try to disrupt the crime perpetrated during the last PRI government of Enrique Peña
00:01:22Nieto. Today, under the progressive government of Claudia
00:01:26Israel, an entity with Sheinbaum, the demand remains. To understand the
00:01:28designation of Guerrero
00:01:31that will try to as the epicenter of this horror, which, by the way, would last much
00:01:34longer even than that of the Latin American military
00:01:36dictatorships, one must see what lies literally
00:01:39beneath its
00:01:42soil. In Guerrero's so-called gold belt, the largest reserve of
00:01:46gold is concentrated, but also silver, copper, zinc and iron in the
00:01:50country, making it a key piece for mining
00:01:54that she never expected exploitation, especially foreign. But not only that, due to its climate and fertile
00:01:58lands, it consolidated also as the cradle of poppy
00:02:02cultivation, originally incentivized by the United States to
00:02:06supply morphine to its soldiers in the Second World
00:02:09War and then to feed the drug trafficking that
00:02:12they themselves would administer. Thus,
00:02:15two of the powers are left on the table, without which it is impossible
00:02:19to understand the 2014 crime: the
00:02:22economic power of the mining companies and the American
00:02:25empire with its drug trafficking, its territorial
00:02:28dominance and its military control
00:02:31over Mexico. With this, we move to September
00:02:3526, 2014. Six
00:02:37days before October 2, the date on which the
00:02:41Tlatelolco massacre of 1968 is
00:02:43commemorated, when the PRIist
00:02:47army, under US directive, murdered hundreds of young
00:02:51people at a student rally. To attend the
00:02:53annual march, the Ayotzinapa students took, that is,
00:02:57temporarily occupied, five buses
00:03:00to travel to Mexico City. But at
00:03:049 p.m., after the routes were diverted due to driver
00:03:06confusion, municipal and state agents
00:03:10ambushed both caravans. Against the
00:03:13first, they shot to kill, murdering one
00:03:16student and leaving another in a coma. When
00:03:20we see the buses, the shots were at the windows,
00:03:23including the middle part of the bus, which
00:03:27already indicates that they shot the boys to kill them, the
00:03:31shot was not to warn them, but it was from
00:03:34the second caravan that the 43 disappeared.
00:03:3743, esos
00:03:39multiplatform offers you. Those remaining buses were
00:03:41simultaneously intercepted, one in front of the local
00:03:44Palace of Justice, from which 28 students were kidnapped and
00:03:48disappeared, and the other heading towards the municipality of
00:03:52Huitzuco, where agents blocked their way to kidnap
00:03:56customs, what we share about 15 students who would then become part of the
00:04:01group. Today we know that they were taken to the Barandilla police station
00:04:04to be tortured under the command of municipal judge Ulises
00:04:08Bernabé Resendis, now a fugitive in the United States,
00:04:11by the way. This is where the key angle emerges: among the
00:04:15students kidnapped and tortured by the police was
00:04:18also Julio César López, an army
00:04:21infiltrator, with the task of reporting insurgent
00:04:25activity among the students and who, before
00:04:28being disappeared, was reporting minute by minute
00:04:32to the army, an agency that, we can therefore
00:04:35affirm, allowed, monitored and protected the
00:04:40any surprises, right? The development of the crime. It is not only that, after the attacks, the students from the first
00:04:44caravan of three buses would hold an impromptu
00:04:48defined solutions, while the press conference at the scene to denounce what happened to local reporters, it is
00:04:52during the press conference that members of the Guerreros Unidos
00:04:56cartel, guarded by the municipal police, burst in,
00:04:59kidnapping one of the students, Julio César
00:05:03Mondragón, who would appear the next morning
00:05:06skinned. The army, present at the
00:05:09press conference, and inert in the face of this crime
00:05:13by drug traffickers and the police before their
00:05:17eyes, it is not surprising therefore that it was discovered
00:05:20that even before these events, the army had been
00:05:23selling weapons and training the hitmen
00:05:27of Guerreros Unidos, but that was not all, the one who
00:05:31was above the Mexican army, even
00:05:34monitoring the crime for any reason in real
00:05:36time, was the
00:05:39DEA, but the crime did not end there,
00:05:42it was consolidated with the crude cover-up by President
00:05:46Enrique Peña Nieto and his cabinet, who would fabricate
00:05:49the so-called historical truth to try to silence the
00:05:52clamor for justice, they would fabricate culprits
00:05:56based on torture, arresting alleged members of Guerreros Unidos
00:06:00who claimed to have executed the students that the municipal
00:06:02police would have handed over, incinerating
00:06:05them in a landfill, an absolute lie that they would
00:06:08also seek to solidify with the sudden appearance of the remains of
00:06:12one of the 43 near an army barracks,
00:06:16a body planted by the Mexican government that had
00:06:19it, we can assume because they committed the crime.
00:06:23This fabrication would be orchestrated by the director of the
00:06:26extinct criminal investigation agency , Tomason, who in
00:06:302019, faced with López Obrador's accusations,
00:06:34would flee, protected, to where? To
00:06:38which Enrique Peña Nieto's government would have cultivated the closest
00:06:42relationship, turning Mexico into the number one buyer
00:06:46of Pegasus, used above all to spy on and
00:06:50intimidate the families precisely of the
00:06:5343 disappeared
00:06:56people. Thus, today, under the second Morena government, those who
00:06:59promised to do justice for Ayotzinapa,
00:07:02announce a wrongly called new line of
00:07:05investigation. Cells of Guerreros Unidos, colluding with
00:07:09local authorities, would have supposedly used
00:07:12crematories of private funeral homes in Iguala and
00:07:15Tepecoaquilco, immediately after the disappearance of the
00:07:1943, alleging that they would have
00:07:21incinerated their remains there. This is
00:07:24something that is not supported by forensic evidence yet. Likewise,
00:07:28they point out that municipal and state police,
00:07:32Guerreros Unidos, and members of the army would have been
00:07:35using the students' cell phones after disappearing
00:07:38them to communicate with each other and also to
00:07:42identify the family members who were asking about them,
00:07:45to then intimidate them. But although
00:07:48Morena, it is true, has imprisoned the prosecutor of the
00:07:52historical truth, Murillo Karam, the former mayor of
00:07:55Iguala, Ángel Aguirre, and 17 soldiers,
00:07:58the underlying narrative has not moved
00:08:01from the initial cover-up. It was not the
00:08:05army, the soldiers involved would have acted
00:08:08on their own. That is why today, 12 years
00:08:13later, we continue to say: They took them alive and we want them back alive.
00:08:40Join the WhatsApp channel
00:08:43and receive the most relevant news and analysis from Latin America
00:08:46and the world on your mobile with the depth that our
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00:08:5324
00:20:09And to close this edition of Mundo Podcast, Juan Carlos
00:20:13Monedero analyzes the growing wave of protests and encampments
00:20:17in Spain for access to decent housing. The political
00:20:20scientist examines whether these demonstrations
00:20:23represent a new citizen movement similar to what happened on
00:20:27May 11, 2011, or if, on the contrary, they respond
00:20:31to a different structural crisis, breaking down the
00:20:34impact of real estate speculation.
00:20:50ideological positions, that is, there is a rightward shift in Latin America while Europe recovers
00:20:53mientras Europa recupera
00:20:57dare to say that much, although what does seem to be a
00:21:00reality is that our countries and our continents
00:21:04are in dispute, because when the right wins, its
00:21:07policies lead people to the streets, they are not capable of
00:21:11managing for the whole population and when the left governs, national,
00:21:14international, media and financial pressure
00:21:18enormously hinders political management, Trump's entourage, the DEA, cocaine
00:21:22trafficking and President Rodrigo Path's government, when, as I said,
00:21:25we were still assimilating that new twist, we know about the assassination in
00:21:29Ecuador of the prosecutor who was also investigating the links of the United
00:21:33States with drug trafficking in the Cerivedo case. However,
00:21:37from Europe and more specifically from Spain, good
00:21:41news is coming for the emancipatory spirit. The trigger
00:21:44has been, on the one hand, the eviction from her home in Madrid of Mari Carmen, an
00:21:4887-year-old sick woman, evicted by a
00:21:52vulture fund, which has caused enormous social
00:21:55indignation, being confronted by
00:21:58hundreds of people, that eviction, which was faced
00:22:02by the riot police who carried out the eviction of the
00:22:05elderly woman from the house where she had lived all her life, and which
00:22:09also, due to that contradictory morbid curiosity of the media, was
00:22:13broadcast live, which multiplied the indignation.
00:22:16Furthermore, another ingredient not minor could not be
00:22:20missing. In the same city where Mari Carmen was being evicted,
00:22:23Isabel Díaz Ayuso governs, who represents the most
00:22:27right-wing wing of the right-wing Popular Party, which is also
00:22:30in competition with Vox and is moving further and further to the
00:22:34right. But it turns out that the president of the
00:22:37Community of Madrid has been in the news for several months, that is,
00:22:41having to answer for something
00:22:44to be known, that she had bought, with money from all
00:22:47Madrileños, a penthouse in an
00:22:51expensive neighborhood in Madrid, and what a coincidence, in front of where
00:22:54her mother lives. So, at the same time that a vulture
00:22:58fund evicted an elderly woman from her home, just like six or seven people every
00:23:02day in Madrid, President Díaz Ayuso bought for
00:23:05her personal use a home of 6.3 million euros, that
00:23:09is, more than 7 million dollars. They tried to give
00:23:12explanations when the operation was discovered,
00:23:15but they ended up complicating everything because the regional government initially
00:23:19justified that they had acquired
00:23:22that 485 m2 home in the Chamberí
00:23:26neighborhood as a temporary office, an office
00:23:29for the president. However, urban planning regulations
00:23:33and the building's license establish that its use is
00:23:36strictly residential, that is, for living, which legally
00:23:39prevented it from being transformed into offices. A
00:23:42lie, that expenditure on a $7 million home
00:23:46mixed with lies, while the
00:23:49president reminded that Mary Carmen was being evicted,
00:23:52those daily families in Madrid, well,
00:23:56it seemed too much to many people, and hundreds of thousands of people have
00:24:00taken to the streets, especially in Madrid, but throughout
00:24:03Spain, where they have camped with tents in Madrid in the Puerta
00:24:07del Sol, in front of the headquarters of the Community of Madrid
00:24:10government, but it is spreading through the surrounding
00:24:13streets. 15 years ago there was a movement that everyone
00:24:16remembers today, the 15M, the 15th of May.
00:24:20The housing encampments are more like a riot, a disturbance,
00:24:23which is also very typical of Spain, with uprisings
00:24:27caused by something that stirs up citizens, but which
00:24:31once resolved, deactivates. The
00:24:34truth is that the issue of housing is not resolved so
00:24:37simply, because it is structural, it affects the whole economy, so its
00:24:41solution affects the financial system, foreign
00:24:44investment, and a not small part of Spaniards who
00:24:47have a second home rented. and who benefit disproportionately
00:24:51from the brutal increase in housing
00:24:54prices, from the speculation of vulture funds,
00:24:58from people who have come from outside to buy almost
00:25:01entire neighborhoods, greatly increasing housing prices, also from tourist
00:25:05flats that end up expelling residents
00:25:09from our neighborhoods, who are replaced by tourists
00:25:13who live with other tourists because there are no longer
00:25:16neighbors, right? And in the end, countries
00:25:18become theme
00:25:22parks of themselves, with the same shops, the same
00:25:25consumption and without
00:25:3015M movement of the indignant was a constituent
00:25:33movement that thought of abstract, poorly
00:25:38encampment movement, which has been promoted by an organization, the
00:25:42Tenants' Union, which has been working for several years, has a more
00:25:46constituent motivation, to solve the problem of...
00:25:50However, the encampments, as usually happens, have taken on a life of their own and
00:25:54are growing daily without a predictable course, with other political
00:25:58actors emerging who are becoming strong, such as the Socialist
00:26:01Youth Coordinator, who can help structure the protests,
00:26:05but beware, they can also drown the movement.
00:26:08In the 15M, it was understood that no political party or
00:26:12formation should appropriate the movement because it broke
00:26:15that openness and plurality that gave it so much life. Podemos was not born until three years later
00:26:19when the movement was in a phase of weakening,
00:26:22as I said,
00:26:24that usurpation by a political force
00:26:28of the movement happens with the housing encampments, it is
00:26:31very probable. It is probable that the squares will
00:26:34end up emptying, although it is also
00:26:37very difficult for the demands for decent housing to dissipate,
00:26:41because that is the task of the call for a general housing strike that they are already
00:26:45considering, even the main class unions in
00:26:48Spain, which are the ones that can call a general strike,
00:26:52in short, as I said, if Jaluque Melenson won with France
00:26:57European politics would change, and in that sense, the streets full of people
00:27:01protesting in Spain and demanding an end to speculation and
00:27:05rentism, with housing being a school of citizenship with
00:27:08unpredictable but very hopeful results. Even more so
00:27:12when these young people have not been afraid to face the police
00:27:16or the fascist provocateurs who go to the camps to
00:27:20movement. It is a spectacular school of
00:27:23citizenship, things are moving,
00:27:27and as we said, our countries are in dispute and real disputes
00:27:31are taking place in the streets