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00:00:31We start our engines in our Telesur knowledge capsule,
00:00:34ready to hack the paths of science,
00:00:38technology, and innovation. Welcome
00:00:41aboard, travelers of knowledge at Atomun,
00:00:44delighted to share these innovations that seem like
00:00:48tomorrow's, but are more tangible in this
00:00:53environmental scientist and creator hyperconnected society. For your host, Jack Bravo, it is an immense pleasure to meet you
00:00:57again in this cognitive trench, before
00:01:00releasing the massive flow of data, prepared by our
00:01:03production team, I invite you to join our
00:01:06digital community on Facebook, you can find us as @atomuntelesur
00:01:10on X, we are active at @atomuntelesur and
00:01:13@yektelesur and you can calibrate your visual pulse on Instagram
00:01:17through
00:01:32oceans and sky into In this new installment of Atomun, the
00:01:36cognitive log explores terraforming
00:01:39applied directly to Earth, a radical
00:01:43leap where geoengineering and
00:01:45ecological restoration become the eventual
00:01:49last shock tools against the socio-environmental
00:01:53crisis. We are talking about titanic scale
00:01:56interventions from altering the skies through...
00:02:00solar radiation and cloud seeding to
00:02:05planet B, immortalized in redesigning the depths of the oceans with
00:02:07iron fertilization and industrial scale carbon
00:02:10capture. If the climate can be
00:02:13reprogrammed, what remains of nature and
00:02:16us when the planet becomes an endless work? A
00:02:20topic we will expand on later,
00:02:23but in the meantime, I invite you to explore
00:02:26how the innovative dynamic of...
00:02:34The discovery of this plaque initiated the international campaign to
00:02:38declare Bolivia's Cosmic Physics Laboratory as a
00:02:41World Heritage site. The
00:02:44launch of the Chacaltaya
00:02:46Laboratory
00:02:49as a UNESCO World Heritage site, we are starting
00:02:53that campaign today. The campaign
00:02:56has the support of the governments of Brazil and Japan, whose scientists
00:03:00carried out experiments and extraordinary findings on Mount
00:03:04Chacaltaya, located 5,200 meters above sea
00:03:07level, almost 30 km from La
00:03:10Paz. Much
00:03:12confidence that we will
00:03:16succeed in having UNESCO
00:03:18recognize this laboratory as a
00:03:21to rewrite the thresholds of life on scientific heritage site of humanity,
00:03:25based on this important work since
00:03:271961, numerous Japanese
00:03:31universities have been collaborating with the
00:03:33Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Here, Japanese
00:03:37professor Hideki Yukawa was able to prove his theory that protons
00:03:41and neutrons can be together inside the atom due to a particle
00:03:45known as the strong force called a pion, which earned
00:03:48him the Nobel Prize in Physics. And we wonder how
00:03:52protons can be together and neutrons together in
00:03:56such a small nucleus, given that we
00:03:59know protons have a positive charge and should rather
00:04:02repel each other, but there is a strong force that is
00:04:05called that makes these particles stay together in the
00:04:09nucleus, but for these particles to stay together
00:04:12it is through a particle called a pion, which makes the
00:04:16exchange of this pion. The observatory has dozens
00:04:20of particle detectors installed across Mount Chacaltaya
00:04:23that capture two types of cosmic rays, protons
00:04:26and gamma rays. We
00:04:28are receiving particles, cosmic
00:04:32rays, all these particles
00:04:34fiction, but researchers from that reach us can now be studied by detectors placed
00:04:38here at high altitude and these particles often cannot
00:04:41reach sea
00:04:44historic center of level, so this
00:04:46is the ideal altitude for us to detect
00:04:50them and know what matter is made of,
00:04:54what we ourselves are made of, and use
00:04:57it for medical
00:05:0095% accuracy purposes, even to know what happens beyond our universe.
00:05:02The Cosmic Ray Laboratory began studies in 1943
00:05:06in the Bolivian Andes mountain range. In
00:05:09of the planet, in 1969, the mass of the so-called
00:05:12fireballs was discovered here, a phenomenon that occurs
00:05:15during high-energy collisions. It is the
00:05:19highest cosmic ray laboratory on the continent and
00:05:23a new cosmic ray observatory, baptized
00:05:26as Project Alpaca, is currently under construction.
00:05:30Freddy Morales, Telesur,
00:05:32Bolivia.
00:05:36The 2026 Nobel Prizes in Science in the disciplines of
00:05:40medicine, physics, and chemistry distinguished
00:05:43research ranging from the optical control of brain
00:05:46circuits to neutrino astronomy and the resolution
00:05:49of the enigma of the origin of biological chirality. The
00:05:532026 Nobel Prize in Medicine went to the
00:05:56pioneers of optogenetics, Karl Deisseroth, Peter
00:05:59Hegemann, and Georg Nagel, for transforming
00:06:03channelrhodopsin, a photoreceptive protein
00:06:06found in unicellular algae, into a molecular
00:06:10switch capable of activating and silencing specific neurons using
00:06:14light beams. The physics award recognized Belgian physicist
00:06:17Francis Halzen, leader and promoter of the IceCube Antarctic
00:06:21Observatory, buried in the ice of the South Pole, while in
00:06:24chemistry, the committee awarded the asymmetric autocatalysis
00:06:28reaction, developed by Kensoai and Henry
00:06:31Kagan, which explains the homochirality of life and
00:06:35spontaneous chiral amplification. Molecules that are
00:06:38non-superimposable mirror images, like right
00:06:42and left hands, can amplify a small
00:06:44asymmetry to achieve absolute enantiomeric
00:06:47purity, without prior intervention from other chiral
00:06:51substances.
00:06:55As you can see, travelers of knowledge, this type
00:06:58of technoscientific connections are a
00:07:01sample of ingenuity and creativity, which is why in Atomun we will
00:07:05continue to show the scope of many of these put at the
00:07:20but don't stray from your screens because next we will share with you the
00:07:24challenges, adventures, and skills that we always bring you in
00:07:28this week's gamer space. We'll be right back, remember, this
00:07:32is
00:07:32Atomun.
00:11:17We continue with more science, technology and innovation
00:11:20through your Telesur signal. This is
00:11:25Atomun: climate geoengineering proposes a gamble
00:11:28as ambitious as it is dangerous: can
00:11:31we manipulate the atmosphere and oceans to correct
00:11:35the climate, manage solar radiation, capture carbon
00:11:38or fertilize the ocean with iron? These are
00:11:42some of the experiments that seek to change the
00:11:45planet's balance. This blind faith in technology
00:11:49reveals our resistance to changing
00:11:52the models that caused the collapse. We prefer to turn
00:11:57laboratories rather than respecting ecological
00:12:00limits. This week's cognitive log takes
00:12:04us to explore terraforming on
00:12:08planet Earth itself. An alternative to environmental
00:12:25The old fantasy of fleeing to a desert and hostile
00:12:30science fiction films where humanity abandons a withered
00:12:33home to terraform an inaccessible alien
00:12:36world, finally revealed itself to be a logical
00:12:40absurdity. If one possesses the technology and audacity to make the sterile
00:12:44soil of Mars habitable, why not use that same engineering to
00:12:47rejuvenate the planet that gave life? Terraforming no longer
00:12:51seems like the distant dream of inhabiting Mars, but rather the
00:12:55expected urgency of reinventing our own home. When human
00:12:58intervention has left irreversible geological scars,
00:13:02massively modifying the environment from within is not
00:13:06an ideal option, but rather the last frontier against
00:13:10the collateral damage of progress itself. The climate
00:13:13emergency manifests daily as an implacable planetary
00:13:16warning. Against this scenario, terraforming
00:13:20emerges as a cutting-edge discipline that seeks to redesign organisms and
00:13:24ecosystems through advanced engineering,
00:13:27adapting them to extreme environmental conditions and mitigating
00:13:31global collapse. These frontier interventions
00:13:35range from the strategic introduction of species
00:13:38to radical genetic modification, including
00:13:42the use of synthetic bacteria, designed
00:13:46Earth. One of the candidates is cyanobacteria.
00:13:49Cyanobacteria, actually, if you
00:13:53look at the literature, are enormously important for
00:13:56changing the planet's climate, so
00:13:59microorganisms are a great candidate. In Earth's
00:14:03ecosystem, they play a very important role, they are what
00:14:06are called ecosystem engineers, they are
00:14:09responsible for controlling the flows of matter
00:14:12and energy. Faced with the climate crisis and the
00:14:16systemic imbalances of the Anthropocene, contemporary
00:14:19science moves from passive mitigation to active
00:14:22intervention and the re-engineering of systems. Below are
00:14:26terraforming initiatives for the blue
00:14:29marble.
00:14:36Climate modification.
00:14:38China leads cloud seeding networks with artificial intelligence
00:14:41in more than 5.5 million
00:14:44km2 to combat droughts and stabilize
00:14:48watersheds.
00:14:52Space solar energy.
00:14:55Advanced orbitals to capture continuous solar radiation and
00:14:59transmit it wirelessly to Earth via
00:15:01microwaves.
00:15:07Solar radiation management. Research
00:15:10on stratospheric aerosol injection to simulate the
00:15:14global cooling of volcanic
00:15:15eruptions.
00:15:21Carbon capture and marine geoengineering. Use of
00:15:25industrial direct air capture and oceanic iron fertilization
00:15:28to accelerate carbon dioxide
00:15:32absorption.
00:15:36Desert reversal. China leads initiatives
00:15:40such as the Great Green Wall and sensor networks with
00:15:43AI to contain the advance of the Gobi Desert and
00:15:47mitigate dust
00:15:48storms.
00:15:53Innovation in arid zones. Bifacial
00:15:56solar parks that reduce evaporation for
00:15:59agriculture in the desert, condensation nets
00:16:03to extract water from the coastal air.
00:16:08Initiatives such as those of the Asian Giant for photovoltaic
00:16:11agriculture in deserts rewrite the rules of
00:16:14survival by merging clean energy generation with
00:16:18ecological restoration in arid regions such as the
00:16:22Tengger Desert. The elevated installation of bifacial
00:16:25solar panels not only captures light on both
00:16:28sides, but also projects a vital shadow on the ground.
00:16:32This thermal shield drastically reduces water
00:16:35evaporation, creating a humid microclimate that allows for the cultivation
00:16:39of resistant species and medicinal plants in the middle
00:16:43of the sand. The synergy is complete: the foliage under the
00:16:46panels prevents dust storms that dirty the
00:16:49photovoltaics, and the water used to wash the system
00:16:53directly hydrates the crops, transforming
00:16:56sterile wastelands into living laboratories of circular
00:17:00water economy. Despite the overwhelming scientific consensus on
00:17:03the anthropogenic origin of global warming, humanity remains
00:17:07trapped in a lethal inertia, unable to execute the structural
00:17:11measures demanded by climate crises. Although history
00:17:15shows that the human species has overcome monumental
00:17:18civilizational challenges in the past, the systemic
00:17:21magnitude of this threshold admits no precedents. What
00:17:25geopolitical, scientific, and ethical levers must we activate
00:17:29this time before the margin of maneuver is completely
00:17:31exhausted? Manipulating the sky through solar radiation
00:17:35management and cloud seeding reveals the audacity and vertigo of
00:17:39climate geoengineering. Subjecting the atmosphere to artificial
00:17:43thermostatic control implies resorting to extreme
00:17:46planetary patches, where every reflective screen or
00:17:50provoked drop in celestial laboratories is a reminder that we have
00:17:54turned the climate into a variable of industrial survival.
00:17:57Healing the depths and the air through direct carbon
00:18:01capture and oceanic iron fertilization
00:18:04exposes the ambition to reprogram the planet's geochemical
00:18:08cycles. Feeding the oceans with nutrients to force
00:18:12massive phytoplankton blooms or
00:18:15aspirating excess invisible gases from the atmosphere
00:18:18demonstrates how we try to hack Earth's chemistry to
00:18:21buy a last margin of time. Not intervening
00:18:25in the face of systemic collapse is equivalent to a form
00:18:28of collective negligence. Designing planetary
00:18:32thermostats, manipulating the atmosphere with
00:18:35aerosols, or redesigning arid basins with artificial
00:18:38intelligence become the only available life rafts to
00:18:42slow down the destructive inertia that humanity itself unleashed.
00:18:46Trusting that the solution to a crisis caused by excessive industrial
00:18:49technification lies in more of it,
00:18:53contains the trap of human hubris, the illusion that we
00:18:56can govern the biological and climatic complexity of Earth
00:19:00as if it were a defective machine that only
00:19:03requires adjustment of parts. This Promethean
00:19:06mentality runs the risk of generating unpredictable
00:19:10collateral effects, masking the structural causes of ecological
00:19:14deterioration under the mirage that technology will always
00:19:18have a last-minute patch. Ultimately,
00:19:21the big question facing civilization is not
00:19:25whether it possesses the technical capacity to hack the system, but whether
00:19:28it is wise enough to discern when to intervene to
00:19:32heal and when to stop so as not to completely break what
00:19:36little remains of the Blue Planet.
00:19:42Manipulating the local climate through cloud seeding and landscape
00:19:46re-engineering poses a deep dilemma: is it a
00:19:49legitimate solution or evidence of our
00:19:53disconnection from the environment, by treating
00:19:55nature as a broken machine that we must
00:19:59force to work? These emergency interventions
00:20:02risk deepening alienation instead of restoring
00:20:06lost harmony. A new break on Atomun,
00:20:09but stay with us as I immediately invite
00:20:13you to travel
00:20:16in the data.
00:20:24The central idea of the Gaia hypothesis was proposed in the
00:20:281970s by chemist James Lovelock and
00:20:32microbiologist Lynn Margulis. The proposal
00:20:34states that living beings and elements such as the... the oceans
00:20:38and the soil interact and generate feedback
00:20:41processes that contribute to regulating the conditions
00:20:46contrast to the idea of a passive nature that life
00:20:50simply adapts. Gaia
00:20:53highlights that organisms also transform their environment and can
00:20:56influence the conditions that make life possible, a
00:21:00hypothesis that generated debate in science and contributed to the
00:21:03development of a holistic view of Earth as a system.
00:21:34In recent years, climate change, biodiversity
00:21:37loss, and pollution have reached
00:21:40alarming levels, and Earth warns us of the need to
00:21:44act. Avoid constantly opening the refrigerator
00:21:48and check that it seals well. Switch to LED bulbs that consume up to
00:21:5280% less energy. Adjust the air
00:21:54conditioning to 24 and 26oC and
00:21:58clean its filters regularly. Turn off the
00:22:01lights and equipment at the end of your workday. Every
00:22:05small act multiplied becomes a great
00:22:07change. Turn on energy
00:22:10saving.
00:22:14Explore the truth behind every story with a deep
00:22:18and committed look. We decipher the details that
00:22:21shape our present and future, along with the voices
00:22:25of the people that resonate in every corner of the world.
00:22:28Telesur Reports, a unique and authentic
00:22:32perspective that reveals the stories they try to
00:22:35hide and captures the essence of our
00:22:38continent. One story at a time, every Saturday,
00:22:42only on Telesur.
00:22:45From the Telesur planetarium,
00:23:14we orient the sensors towards the deepest mysteries of the cosmos
00:23:18to decipher the phenomena that govern the universe,
00:23:22astronomical projects, nebulae, and everything that
00:23:25moves through the Milky Way, we leave the
00:23:29atmosphere and find ourselves out of
00:23:32orbit.
00:23:40What if the next territorial dispute wasn't on Earth,
00:23:43but on the moon? US President
00:23:46Donald Trump rekindled the debate by posting on Truth
00:23:50Social an AI-generated image with the phrase:
00:23:53the moon is ours, accompanied by the
00:23:56US flag. But there's a
00:23:59contradiction: the 1967 Outer Space Treaty,
00:24:02ratified by Washington, prohibits
00:24:05the moon or any celestial body from being
00:24:08subject to national appropriation. The
00:24:12discussion goes beyond an image. The Artemis
00:24:15Accords promote the extraction and utilization of
00:24:18lunar resources, such as water and minerals,
00:24:22without considering territorial appropriation. So while
00:24:25space law defines the moon as non-appropriable
00:24:29space, the new lunar race opens another
00:24:32question: who will control resources and economic activities
00:24:36outside Earth?
00:24:36tierra.
00:24:41Can you imagine a cockroach turned into a
00:24:44rescuer? It sounds like science fiction, but technology already
00:24:48allows controlling its movements through electrical
00:24:51discharges to guide them in search and
00:24:55rescue operations. Science is taking
00:24:58biology and technology to realms that until recently
00:25:02seemed impossible. How does this curious fusion
00:25:05between insects and electronics work?
00:25:09Discover it in this week's "Hard to
00:25:12Believe."
00:25:19Cyborg march to save lives sounds like science
00:25:24the University of Queensland in Australia are working on
00:25:28it. The so-called "Paraborgs" use
00:25:31giant cockroaches equipped with technology that allows them to
00:25:35be guided through rubble and in some
00:25:37prototypes, to activate microinjections of medication
00:25:41remotely. In laboratory tests, the system successfully guided
00:25:45the insects to control points and achieved up to
00:25:50in drug delivery when near the target.
00:25:53The advantage: their small size could
00:25:56allow them to access spaces where rescuers or conventional
00:25:59robots cannot reach. The problem:
00:26:03they still need to overcome obstacles such as signal
00:26:06loss among rubble, unpredictable terrain, and precise
00:26:10injector control. From insect rescuers to cyborgs,
00:26:13a technology that could save lives, but which still
00:26:17has to prove it can survive reality, even if
00:26:21it's hard to
00:26:21believe.
00:26:27What if humanity could reprogram the climate of its own
00:26:31planet? Terraformaction, until now associated with
00:26:34other worlds, already proposes intervening in
00:26:37atmosphere, oceans, and ecosystems to modify their
00:26:41conditions, an idea that opens a real
00:26:44debate: how far can we alter
00:26:47Earth in the name of our
00:26:49survival? In view of this, James Lovelock,
00:26:55of the Gaia hypothesis, points out that
00:26:58terraforming is not just a contingency plan
00:27:02to export civilization to other worlds, but the
00:27:06definitive mirror of our responsibility on Earth.
00:27:10If we are capable of redesigning the atmosphere of a hostile
00:27:12planet, our first undeniable duty
00:27:15is to learn to stabilize and
00:27:19heal our own. And with this reflection, we conclude a
00:27:23new premiere of Atomun, not without first inviting you
00:27:27to join our digital community, the networks, as you can see on
00:27:30your screens. We'll see you on a next occasion to
00:27:34continue exploring the exciting universes of
00:27:37knowledge. See you soon, travelers
00:27:40of knowledge.
00:28:09Millions forge new paths with the hope of a better
00:28:12future.
00:28:16They cross imaginary lines towards the
00:28:18unknown.
00:28:23Let's get to know the stories of those who live between
00:28:25borders.
00:28:29Every Thursday, only on Telesur.
00:28:41In 1987, Colombia Jaime
00:28:45Pardo, a lawyer and politician recognized for his role as leader
00:28:48of the Patriotic Union Political Party, was assassinated as a martyr of the
00:28:51struggle for social justice. His career was marked by the
00:28:55defense of workers and the search for a democratic
00:28:58solution amidst the political violence that afflicted the country.
00:29:02What is life worth if, when you have it, it seems dead? Life
00:29:06is for living, for feeling it, for
00:29:10vibrating with it. That justifies our passage through
00:29:13this earth. Jaime
00:29:14Pardo. October 11,
00:29:181987, Jaime
00:29:21Pardo is assassinated.
00:29:25Join the WhatsApp channel on Telesur and receive the most
00:29:28relevant news and analysis from Latin America and the world on your mobile.
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