Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:01The ancient city of Tetouan
00:00:03the dominant white color
00:00:04the expulsion of the Andalusians is a city that has rightfully earned its place on the UNESCO World Heritage list.
00:00:07From the heart of its buildings and walls, and from its narrow streets
00:00:11and ancient passages, a fragrant blend of Andalusian spirit
00:00:14and Moroccan aesthetics wafts.
00:00:18Leather industry in Tetouan
00:00:21and is tightened with a belt. This Bab El Oqla Museum
00:00:26is an ethnographic museum that speaks about the history of Tetouan city and its cultural characteristics
00:00:30through
00:00:32of Tetouan from its establishment displaying a collection of artifacts that have historical,
00:00:35After that, in heritage, or cultural value that embody the identity of the old city of
00:00:39of jewelry that is on Tetouan. This city, which is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage site
00:00:43piece since 1927.
00:00:451927
00:00:48Bab El Oqla Museum is a space
00:00:50During the rule of this for meeting and exchange, and a window to discover the historical and cultural richness
00:00:53of the city of Tetouan. The name of this space,
00:00:57located in Hassan Al-Saqala, is derived
00:01:00from the name of one of the seven gates of the ancient city.
00:01:04It is a heritage monument that summarizes
00:01:07ancient Tetouan. This the history of the ancient city of Tetouan and its cultural characteristics, and takes the visitor
00:01:10to a documentary exhibition titled
00:01:14Tetouan: Man
00:01:18The Bab El Oqla Museum consists of and His Environment.
00:01:19of developments, for example, in The history of this museum dates back to
00:01:211928,
00:01:23and it was first known as Dar al-Muslimin,
00:01:27Museum of Indigenous Arts.
00:01:31Its headquarters was in the Benuna house in Zankat al-Muqaddam in the old city.
00:01:35Later, on July 29, 1948,
00:01:38this museum was inaugurated in its current headquarters, which is currently located
00:01:42in the east of the old city, in Bab El Oqla, in Hassan al-Saqala. This Hassan, of course,
00:01:46is a historical Hassan that was built by Governor Muhammad
00:01:50Ashash during the reign of the Alawi Sultan Moulay Abd al-Rahman in
00:01:531830. In January 2022, the reopening of this museum
00:01:57It would develop in several fields, to visitors took place after renovation works
00:02:00that lasted almost three years. First, we rehabilitated,
00:02:04restored, and repaired
00:02:07Muqarnas, which is found in the building, and second, we launched of honeycomb. This a scenographic project aimed at
00:02:10developing a new museum display. This display is rich and exceptional
00:02:14wooden elements found in and bears
00:02:15the museum, there is this the title of Tetouan: Man
00:02:17and His Environment.
00:02:27The exhibition path begins with a brief overview
00:02:30that gives the location of the museum in relation
00:02:34to the old city. Then, it gives a historical overview
00:02:37that talks about the history of Tetouan since its establishment
00:02:41Among the items also displayed in the 15th century until the modern
00:02:44or contemporary period.
00:02:48and what made us display it in It is the white dove, the city of magic with its beauty and the authenticity
00:02:51of its history. It almost transports you through its alleys
00:02:54to the Andalusian era, given its distinctive architectural features.
00:02:58People have differed, in the past
00:03:01and present, in how to pronounce its name: Tetouan,
00:03:04Tetuan, Tataouine, and others. It means "eyes"
00:03:08or "masts." The rehabilitation
00:03:11this city.
00:03:11It flows through and reconstruction of the old city of Mandari took place
00:03:14on the ruins of the city that was destroyed and ruined. At one time,
00:03:18and religious songs. because they were found the symbols of this city and expresses its official name was "the destroyed" because
00:03:20In the museum, we display a collection of it was destroyed four times before the city we know today
00:03:23In addition to these was built, which means "the springs." The name
00:03:26Tetouan was mentioned in a number of Moroccan
00:03:29and Andalusian sources in different forms,
00:03:32including Tuan, Tataouine, and Tatuan. As for the origin
00:03:36of the name, it has been discussed by many historians and specialists, including, for example,
00:03:40Hassan
00:03:42Al-Wazzan, Professor Muhammad Daoud, Al-Faqih Al-Rahouni,
00:03:47that are performed Manuel Ortega, Abd Al-Salam Skirej,
00:03:48and others.
00:03:56and defensive towers. This ceramic channels Through this study,
00:03:57and benefits from the terrain.
00:04:00we conclude two hypotheses. The first hypothesis is
00:04:03that Tetouan is the plural of the word "Tit," which is an Amazigh word
00:04:06meaning "eye," either the "seeing eye" or the "flowing eye."
00:04:10The second hypothesis divides the word
00:04:13Tetouan into two parts.
00:04:16The first part is "Ain" (eye),
00:04:19that contains a collection of course, and the second part is "Wan,"
00:04:23which means "vision." For the majority of
00:04:27historians, they prefer that Tetouan means "flowing springs"
00:04:30due to the abundance of water and springs in this
00:04:33clothing, which is represented by city. The ancient city of Tetouan and its walls have come a long
00:04:36way to reach their current
00:04:39form. Its urban form has witnessed development,
00:04:43role. For the functional role, as its construction and expansion took approximately six centuries,
00:04:47utensils used in during which Tetouan
00:04:49to draw water from witnessed a series of political and economic circumstances. The city of Tetouan,
00:04:53or Tataouine, as it is commonly known by its original name,
00:04:56both in the sleeves is an Andalusian city For the decorative role, in origin. Its construction
00:04:58and in its sides. dates back
00:05:01to the 12th century, but it was demolished
00:05:05during a series of wars with Portugal
00:05:08deeply rooted and authentic in and Spain. It was rebuilt in the year
00:05:12of its re-establishment, 1492, after
00:05:16from Andalusia, especially after the fall of Granada at the hands of a leader, Sayyid
00:05:20al-Mandari. And its beginning was the first nucleus, named
00:05:24al-Balad, the first nucleus known as the Kasbah and a group of landmarks
00:05:27and historical monuments that exist
00:05:30today.
00:05:39This timeline gives a summary of the history of the city
00:05:44in the 15th century to the modern and contemporary period. As for the
00:05:48founding period, in the late 15th century,
00:05:51after the fall of the Kingdom of Granada,
00:05:55a group of Andalusians led by Ahmed
00:05:58Ali al-Mandari departed, heading towards Tetouan and establishing this city.
00:06:03leader and his wife who ruled after him,
00:06:07Lady Al-Hurra, Tetouan witnessed a unique development
00:06:10on several levels, whether cultural,
00:06:14artistic, civilizational, economic,
00:06:16and so on.
00:06:21In the late 16th century and until the 18th century,
00:06:24this period we called the period of peak and prosperity.
00:06:28Here, Tetouan witnessed a series
00:06:32the economic field, internal trade
00:06:34and Mediterranean trade developed.
00:06:38Urban architecture also developed,
00:06:40with the construction of a number of walls
00:06:44and new fortifications, so that the old city at that time
00:06:48took on its current shape. In the late
00:06:5118th century, Tetouan would experience a period of
00:06:54decline, both in the economic and political fields.
00:06:58In the 19th and 20th centuries,
00:07:01with the Spanish presence, Tetouan in this period
00:07:04would become the capital of art and creativity.
00:07:10for example, in the urban field, the Spanish Quarter would be built,
00:07:13which is the first to be built outside
00:07:16the walls.
00:07:20The Scondo system is an ingenious system adopted by Tetouan
00:07:23four centuries ago. It is a system based on the wise use
00:07:27of water from the groundwater table
00:07:30of Jabal Dersa. It distributes this vital substance
00:07:34to various public facilities, fountains, and houses
00:07:38in the old city.
00:07:40The museum dedicates
00:07:43a hall to the authentic water distribution system
00:07:46in Tetouan, which is called the Scondo. It is a traditional network
00:07:50for water distribution that dates back to the end of the 15th
00:07:54and beginning of the 16th century.
00:07:58القرن 16.
00:08:13Scondo is a natural water that
00:08:16comes from the surface of Jabal Dersa, the mountain
00:08:20near Tetouan.
00:08:23the old city in a system that allows
00:08:27houses, public facilities, fountains, baths, and mosques
00:08:30to all have water, which was first called "God's water"
00:08:33or "the country's water." At one time, it was called
00:08:37"Scondo water" for two reasons: first, because it was
00:08:40hidden ("escondido" means hidden), and second, because it became
00:08:44secondary ("secundo"). This system, with a group
00:08:48of natural mechanisms,
00:08:50was attracted by gravity. We call it "rising" (tali'), meaning
00:08:54a water pressure is used
00:08:56by natural pumps to raise the water to a certain level,
00:09:00which allows the distribution of that water between neighborhoods and houses.
00:09:03It relies on a device consisting of several
00:09:10Despite the deterioration of these channels and their replacement with modern
00:09:13channels, this system is still in place
00:09:17in the city and still supplies some
00:09:20houses and public facilities with water.
00:09:35Given the importance of water in the city of Tetouan, like other
00:09:39cities, the Bab El Oqla Museum displays a collection of
00:09:43archaeological artifacts, for example, this well curb
00:09:46that is carved with geometric shapes.
00:09:49It is made of pottery and dates back to the 12th century.
00:09:53Also, another well curb
00:09:56made of stone with ropes that were used
00:10:02the well. Water, which is essentially the basis of the name
00:10:05"Sitaouen," meaning "springs," has a significant relationship
00:10:09with architectural engineering.
00:10:18The upper saqia, where the water is distributed, is an important element because it has preserved
00:10:21the city's unique characteristics.
00:10:25Among these Andalusian characteristics is
00:10:28of the buildings, the colors of the doors,
00:10:32the colors of the windows, and the geometric shapes.
00:10:36It is almost inspired by Granadian architecture.
00:10:53We also have a collection
00:10:55of archaeological artifacts, such as tombstones,
00:10:58which came from the Islamic cemetery in Tetouan, and a tomb inscription
00:11:02that
00:11:05is considered a distinctive
00:11:08in the museum because it is the tomb inscription of Al-Hajj Ahmed bin
00:11:12Issa An-Naqsis, who died in the 17th
00:11:15century and was one of the rulers of the city of Tetouan.
00:11:19The old city of Tetouan is famous for its buildings,
00:11:22its historical landmarks, and the authenticity of its arts,
00:11:25which combine Andalusian Islamic architecture
00:11:29and authentic character. Bab El Oqla Museum presents
00:11:33examples of wood and zellige art that reflect the craftsmanship
00:11:36of Tetouan artisans.
00:11:49Pieces of carved and painted wood and a collection of
00:11:52authentic Tetouan zellige tiles.
00:11:55Which still adorn the buildings and houses of the city of the White
00:11:58Dove.
00:12:07Woodcraft in Tetouan represents an important part of the craft sector.
00:12:10In this section, we will shed light on
00:12:14a collection of painted pieces, for example,
00:12:17the Muqarnas panel. It is a decorative
00:12:21element that is mostly found in the arches of
00:12:25mosques of Islamic architecture. They take the shape
00:12:32the museum, dates back to the 19th century.
00:12:35In addition to the
00:12:40arch that we brought from Ahmed Ali Al-Rifi Palace,
00:12:44which dates back to the 18th
00:12:46century.
00:13:06in the museum are locks and knockers
00:13:10specifically for the doors of houses
00:13:13in the old city. They are made of iron
00:13:15and come in different shapes
00:13:19and sizes.
00:13:29The Bab El Oqla Museum has a collection of zellige pieces with
00:13:33different patterns: floral, animal,
00:13:36and geometric.
00:13:40Two of these are very unique
00:13:43in grain storage pits and date back to the 18th century.
00:13:48pieces, there are Tetouan zellige pieces
00:13:51found in Ahmed Ali Al-Rifi Palace,
00:13:55which date back to the 18th century. In Tetouan,
00:13:58zellige is cut first, and then
00:14:02the glaze is applied, which makes it very unique
00:14:05compared to other
00:14:06cities.
00:14:09The urban form of the old city of Tetouan, which we see
00:14:13now, has undergone gradual development.
00:14:16It is surrounded by a wall with seven gates
00:14:21wall was built between the 15th and 18th centuries
00:14:25AD. The Bab El Oqla Museum presents a multimedia hall
00:14:29that shows the urban development of the city of ancient Tetouan
00:14:32and its historical
00:14:33landmarks.
00:14:40Now we are in a model multimedia hall
00:14:44of backlit panels.
00:14:47This hall allows us to learn about the urban
00:14:50planning of the city, presented
00:14:53in the form of maps and images of the urban development of mosques,
00:14:57zawiyas, neighborhoods, and the walls and gates of Tetouan.
00:15:17Starting from that first nucleus, "Al-Balad," it expanded
00:15:19over centuries, especially towards
00:15:22the south, where we are now.
00:15:25This is called the lower connection, which connects
00:15:29the first Kasbah and the first nucleus with one of the important gates, Bab El Oqla,
00:15:32where we are now.
00:15:35And the connection that primarily covers an important neighborhood,
00:15:39Al-Uyun neighborhood. The ancient city of Tetouan is surrounded by a wall and has
00:15:43seven gates. Among these gates are Bab
00:15:46Al-Rumuz, Bab Al-Tutt, Bab Al-Sa`ida, Bab
00:15:49Al-Maqabir, Bab Al-Nawadir,
00:15:52and Bab El Oqla, where we are
00:15:55now.
00:16:04The urban development of Tetouan passed through three stages.
00:16:08The first stage was in the 15th century, which was the founding stage.
00:16:13the 16th century,
00:16:16the city was expanded, and in the 18th
00:16:20century, fortifications
00:16:22and walls were built for the old city,
00:16:26which gave it its current
00:16:28shape. The Bab El Oqla Museum building
00:16:31in Hassan al-Saqala extends over two floors, ground
00:16:35and upper. The building matches in its architectural style,
00:16:39its wooden ceilings, and its large zellige
00:16:42doors the houses of
00:16:44museum includes an indoor garden that imitates in its design
00:16:47the gardens of traditional Andalusian houses and palaces.
00:16:51الاندلسيه
00:16:56display floors, the ground floor and the upper
00:17:00floor, in addition to a garden designed in the Andalusian style,
00:17:03which has a basin or a fountain in its center.
00:17:06It also contains
00:17:09a wall fountain, which is considered a model
00:17:13of the fountains of the old city. As you know, Tetouan, like other
00:17:17old cities, has a number of fountains that supply
00:17:20the residents with fresh water. This fountain is decorated
00:17:24with authentic traditional Tetouan zellige, in addition to displaying a collection
00:17:27of cannons of
00:17:29original origin.
00:17:33The first floor of the Bab El Oqla Museum takes visitors on a journey
00:17:36through the arts of traditional Tetouan craftsmanship.
00:17:40Handicrafts that reflect identity
00:17:44and showcase a special aesthetic with Andalusian
00:17:46roots.
00:17:50The museum presents a Rabat carpet with a touch
00:17:53that reflects the intermingling and artistic and cultural exchange between
00:17:56Moroccan cities. The exhibition also features
00:17:59the art of authentic Tetouan
00:18:01embroidery.
00:18:04Here in this space, the Bab El Oqla Museum talks about
00:18:07traditional crafts in Tetouan, which are not considered just
00:18:10a craft or a profession, but rather an identity
00:18:14of the city and a cultural heritage that expresses the city of
00:18:17Tetouan.
00:18:21As for this carpet, it is, of course, a Rabat carpet, but what distinguishes it
00:18:26the exhibition is its frame, which
00:18:29is yellow and bears the ornamentation
00:18:33found in the embroidery of the Tetouan ta'jira and the embroidery that distinguishes
00:18:48This space presents the Tetouan ta'jira, which
00:18:52is considered one of
00:18:55its identity. It dates back to the 16th century.
00:18:59This embroidery is characterized by the richness of its ornamentation
00:19:02and its colors, and it is done on fabrics that are considered
00:19:06precious fabrics.
00:19:38Traditional industry is a traditional craft heritage
00:19:41characterized by richness and authenticity. Tetouan
00:19:44is also enriched through traditional crafts
00:19:48with its Andalusian influences and its aesthetic
00:19:51characteristics. Bab El Oqla Museum presents
00:19:54a collection of authentic Tetouan handicrafts,
00:19:57brass, ceramic, and leather works that reflect
00:20:00the Moroccan identity with a Tetouan touch.
00:20:04Traditional artisans
00:20:09in the city of Tetouan attach great importance to copperware.
00:20:13This industry, which is found in Tetouan, has two
00:20:16roles: a functional role and a decorative
00:20:21we are talking about
00:20:24the kitchen, such as
00:20:27a stove, a kettle,
00:20:30or copper plates.
00:20:33we use them for decoration.
00:20:38Traditional industry also
00:20:41includes pottery. This industry is
00:20:46the city of Tetouan, like other traditional and authentic cities.
00:20:50The ornamentation is in geometric
00:20:54or plant forms, and what also distinguishes
00:20:57it is its blue
00:20:58color.
00:21:08is among the authentic traditional crafts,
00:21:11as evidenced by Dar al-Dabbagh, which has been present since the 15th
00:21:15century and is still
00:21:18in use today.
00:21:24Embroidery is among the leather industries that distinguish Tetouan,
00:21:28such as the manufacture of slippers, saddles, leather chairs called
00:21:31"sturmiah," bags, horse equipment, and so on.
00:21:35اخره
00:21:39Tetouan, the city of art, beauty, and imagination, is also a city
00:21:43of peace and coexistence. It is a city that has taken care
00:21:46to preserve the archive of the Jewish presence within it. The museum
00:21:50offers a glass display containing a collection of
00:21:53artifacts of religious nature, as well as pieces of
00:21:57Moroccan Jewish
00:21:58clothing.
00:22:03The museum displays and gives importance to
00:22:07these Jews who were part of the population, and
00:22:10through a collection of artifacts that express Jewish
00:22:14rituals, which we find that they
00:22:17have a role in worship.
00:22:29They also have a role in worship and decoration. We also have the "tapuchim," which
00:22:32are used for the Jewish holy book,
00:22:36the Torah, which is also displayed in our museum. We also
00:22:39have Jewish clothing, which is represented by the Tetouan
00:22:43dress, called the "great dress," worn by the bride,
00:22:46and which is gifted to her by
00:23:21Tetouan is considered one of the ancient cities in Morocco that embraced
00:23:24Andalusian music and produced distinguished
00:23:27figures in it. This city played an important
00:23:30role in preserving the artistic heritage and excelled
00:23:33in it. Tetouan remains a patron of this ancient
00:23:37art, the birthplace of muwashahat and zajal,
00:23:40and it continues to enrich the spirit of Andalusian
00:23:44Moroccan music.
00:23:46Andalusian music is considered one of the important
00:23:50and essential types of music in the city of Tetouan. It
00:23:53is one of the pillars of Tetouan culture, as it has witnessed
00:23:57a development over eight
00:23:59centuries between Morocco and Andalusia.
00:24:03Andalusian music consists of poetic qasidas
00:24:10musical instruments, including the oud,
00:24:14the rabab, and the qanun, which are used in Andalusian music.
00:24:17As for the drum, the ghayta, and the qraqeb, they are used as accompaniment
00:24:20for the bride in the houdaj or bouja, as it is called in Tetouan.
00:24:24Also displayed is the Hayek notebook by Muhammad bin
00:24:28Al-Hayek Al-Andalusi Al-Tetouani, which contains
00:24:32a collection of zajal and poetic qasidas
00:24:37in Andalusian
00:24:37music.
00:24:41The Tetouan caftan is among the oldest types of Moroccan
00:24:45caftans. It is characterized by its embroidered pattern and consists of
00:24:49a vest and trousers worn under the main piece,
00:24:53which is the caftan.
00:24:58The Tetouan "shidda" or the bride's attire on her wedding night,
00:25:01is the epitome of elegance and beauty, and an important symbol of the
00:25:05Tetouan Moroccan heritage identity.
00:25:07The museum presents, in addition to authentic Tetouan
00:25:11caftans, the bride's attire and her personal belongings
00:25:15that she takes with her to her marital
00:25:17home.
00:25:20Tetouan's traditional the Tetouan caftan,
00:25:24and here the Bab El Oqla Museum displays a collection of
00:25:28caftan models that come in different fabrics
00:25:31that are of high value and precious fabrics, such as
00:25:35brocade fabric, velvet fabric, or wool fabric,
00:25:38linen fabric, and so on. As for
00:25:41what distinguishes the Tetouan caftan, the first thing is its wide cut,
00:25:48The second thing is the embroidery of
00:25:52the caftan, which is on the chest and is called "khanjar embroidery." As for the buttons,
00:25:55they are large buttons and are not fastened.
00:25:59The caftan is open, and there is
00:26:02another part of the caftan that is worn under the main caftan
00:26:23space also displays the Tetouan shidda, which is considered
00:26:27the Tetouan bride's attire,
00:26:30which expresses the culture of
00:26:38the city of Tetouan. This outfit consists of a caftan, a belt, and a "takhlila," which is a collection
00:26:42the bride's chest, and which consists of a collection of necklaces
00:26:46made of precious pearls or precious stones and gold
00:26:49pieces.
00:26:52At the end of this necklace, we have a necklace called
00:26:56"al-sha'ir," which is a gold necklace.
00:27:00As for