Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:04there is something in
00:00:12and succulents. This
00:00:14the north in the year The construction of this fortress is surrounded, or rather
00:00:17, it is surrounded by a lot of unrest. The reason for
00:00:20this is that the texts relied upon in writing the history of this
00:00:23fortress are Almohad sources, and there is no Almoravid source
00:00:26that speaks or describes this
00:00:30fortress to us. Therefore, caution must be exercised when reading these
00:00:34texts and when using their data, as they
00:00:37contain some
00:00:40And fourth, be careful of prejudice against the
00:00:41Almoravid state.
00:00:46Outside these fortresses, we will find that
00:00:49the buildings that were built would combine what
00:00:54does not say anything about is military and what is civilian. What is military, we will find
00:00:57the gates, and what is civilian, it will contain the
00:01:02And in the face of this scarcity Makhzen architecture, Qasr al-Hajar and others, and there will also be
00:01:10the digital world, unique in this fortified with a network of buildings that provide public service.
00:01:15the sources relied upon for In addition to what was previously said, this
00:01:18palace
00:01:20The garden captivates was known by several names.
00:01:23it might face from There are almost six names, among them Dar al-Ummah,
00:01:26Qasr al-Hajar, Dar al-Hajar, and other
00:01:30names. The information that
00:01:34the flood had carried into we have about this landmark is very limited,
00:01:37whether what is found in sources or what archaeological research
00:01:41that
00:01:43while time has erased took place during the last century has revealed. Therefore,
00:01:48because at first, the garden was it is noted that the location of the palace today is still not
00:01:50precisely defined. It is enough for me to say,
00:01:53الحمد لله, for example, that some see that the location of the palace
00:01:56is north of
00:02:00the current Koutoubia Mosque. Then there is another
00:02:03opinion that
00:02:06the Koutoubia Mosque was built on the site of
00:02:10Qasr al-Hajar.
00:02:18history, especially in
00:02:23composed of
00:02:26The summary of all this is that the information currently
00:02:30Rosemary Al-Marisqi. It is available does not allow for the precise location of this
00:02:34palace to be determined. It is true that it is near the Koutoubia Mosque,
00:02:37but the exact location is not
00:02:40precisely defined. Also, we do not know
00:02:43about the architectural components of the palace. The architectural
00:02:46elements that we have are in the form of references.
00:02:51a set of functions, Even the references found in sources about the pictures remain
00:02:54vague and general.
00:02:57Archaeological research has been able to
00:03:01discover a part of the wall, approximately
00:03:05300 meters, with a group of
00:03:08towers, almost 12 towers.
00:03:11This part of the wall that was
00:03:14discovered is located north of
00:03:17the
00:03:19century old. Koutoubia Mosque. The archaeological research
00:03:20be altered. The geometric that was conducted regarding the walls did not
00:03:24cover the area that the palace occupied.
00:03:27continuous efforts are needed to keep it at However, what the archaeologists
00:03:30concluded as a hypothesis
00:03:33regarding the design is that the design of this palace
00:03:37was mostly a square design, and that each
00:03:40of the four sides
00:03:44of the wall had a gate. And through these
00:03:47gates, the palace
00:03:51connected with the
00:03:55is given is avocado. The introduction of outside.
00:03:58It is noted that the construction work for protection, such as
00:04:01walls, gates, and fortresses, did not
00:04:04stop during most of the Almoravid rule,
00:04:09the bridge that either through construction,
00:04:14renovation, or
00:04:16expansion,
00:04:21and it covered various regions of the Almoravid
00:04:28566. dominion. We also have what
00:04:31concerns the gates.
00:04:34Sources mentioned the name of one
00:04:37gate, Bab al-Saraji. Archaeologists say
00:04:40that since
00:04:44the wall was square and each
00:04:47side had a gate, it means there were four
00:04:51gates. It is possible
00:04:54to say that the gate
00:04:58that is now called Bab
00:05:01al-Makhzen, it is possible that before its construction,
00:05:04because it was built with the construction
00:05:06of the city wall, it is possible that
00:05:10its location had a gate for the walls of al-Hajar. Why?
00:05:14Because
00:05:17the archaeological research relied upon so far that
00:05:20indicates that Qasr
00:05:23al-Hajar extended to the location where
00:05:26Bab al-Makhzen is located.
00:05:29So it is very likely that
00:05:32the location where Bab al-Makhzen is located today
00:05:36might have had one of the gates of Qasr al-Hajar, leading to
00:05:39the gate that sources mentioned, which is Bab
00:05:45It is believed that it is
00:05:48the gate that was discovered A part of it was discovered
00:05:52by archaeologists and it is located
00:05:55north of the destroyed part of the Koutoubia Mosque.
00:05:58Perhaps it is Bab al-Saraji. Why?
00:06:02Because the reference that mentioned
00:06:05it places its location
00:06:08adjacent to the Koutoubia Mosque.
00:06:13A wall estimated to be around nine kilometers long,
00:06:19towers. It had its guards responsible for its security
00:06:23and monitoring, and they were known
00:06:27as guards and watchmen.
00:06:30Its purpose was to protect the city from threats
00:06:35outside. It includes 13 gates
00:06:39connecting the inside of the city with its outside.
00:06:44Six of them are still standing, including Bab
00:06:47Dbaghine and three other gates,
00:06:51including Bab al-Makhzen,
00:06:56the rest, including Bab al-Saliha.
00:06:58So,
00:07:01if the wall represented a border point between the city
00:07:04and its outside, then the gates formed
00:07:08points of meeting and communication
00:07:11between them. They had a special system
00:07:14that secured the city day and night
00:07:17and facilitated movement and transportation
00:07:21to and from it, and provided
00:07:23the treasury with revenue
00:07:26and taxes.
00:07:30The management of the wall and gates was supervised
00:07:33by a first body gatekeepers
00:07:37the movement of people to
00:07:40and from the city day and night, and guarding
00:07:44at night, in addition to setting opening
00:07:47and closing times. Then, a second body known
00:07:51as the gate witnesses, whose mission was to monitor
00:07:54the passage of goods and collect the taxes or levies due
00:07:58on them. The gates performed
00:08:03some of which were general and included
00:08:06various services that formed a common
00:08:10denominator among all the gates, such as transportation,
00:08:13taxes, and protecting the city.
00:08:17And some were specific,
00:08:20meaning what was exclusive to a specific gate or gates,
00:08:24including religious,
00:08:27economic, treasury, and judicial functions,
00:08:30and the spatial function. The locations of the
00:08:34gates determined the network
00:08:36of directions, such as Fez in
00:08:40the north and Andalusia, and Bab
00:08:43Doukkala in the north and the Atlantic
00:08:45Ocean.
00:08:51The contribution of the Almoravids in terms of urban development, which is the
00:08:55Tisiffit bridge.
00:09:05The bridges of Tansift, which are at the exit of Marrakech, on the road to Casablanca.
00:09:08These bridges were built during the reign of Ali ibn Yusuf,
00:09:11but they are not the ones that are there now. There is a big
00:09:15mistake in a number of writings that say that
00:09:18they refer to
00:09:21Ali built in a book by al-Sharif al-Idrisi, who says
00:09:25that it was destroyed due to a flood
00:09:29during the time of al-Idrisi. The one that is there
00:09:32now was built by al-Muwahhid, the second caliph of
00:09:35the Almohads, Abu Yaqub
00:09:38Yusuf, in the year This
00:10:06described it as wonderfully built and exquisitely
00:10:09crafted.
00:10:16It did not last long, as a flood came
00:10:19and swept away most of it, destroying
00:10:22it.
00:10:28And if the issue of demolition has reasons
00:10:31supported by al-Baydhaq's reference
00:10:34regarding the arrival of Abdelmoumen's army in al-Haouz, coming from
00:10:39541 AH, corresponding to
00:10:421447 CE,
00:10:45where he sufficed with the phrase
00:10:48"and we passed Tansift to Taqiyit,"
00:10:52without mentioning the bridge, then we do not have
00:10:56any indication that confirms or denies or modifies what was stated
00:10:59by al-Idrisi. And archaeologists have not
00:11:03yet carried out even an initial survey
00:11:07for exploration.
00:11:10And the site, before all this, is unknown,
00:11:13and the toponymy of the area surrounding the valley
00:11:16and close to the city
00:11:19the matter.
00:11:27of information, al-Idrisi's reference remains
00:11:32regard, and the issue of its content has what
00:11:35justifies it, at least due to the author not mentioning
00:11:40its news. For although he visited
00:11:44Marrakech at the beginning of the Almohad rule,
00:11:47it must have been a considerable time since the bridge was
00:11:51demolished, perhaps not allowing for the examination
00:11:55of its remains that
00:11:59the overflowing sea.
00:14:55Please, I want to understand why there is all this fuss about personal data protection and how I can protect it.
00:14:58The protection of personal data is not to be trifled with. Our
00:15:02country has taken the matter seriously and has enacted
00:15:06laws and regulations to protect your name, your phone number,
00:15:09your address, your photos, your school information, and even your medical
00:15:12and banking information. In short, any information
00:15:16that can identify you. But I still don't understand
00:15:19why all these precautions. I will simplify things for you.
00:15:23Your data is worth gold.
00:15:27Companies might exploit it for advertisements. Hackers,
00:15:30meaning malicious people, can steal your money or harass you. And there are bad
00:15:34people who can use it against you or even forge it for
00:15:38other purposes. So, in the end, data protection is equivalent to protecting
00:15:41your freedom, your private life, and your family's life.
00:15:44Oh, to that extent? How so?
00:15:48Yes, for example, they can hack your accounts, steal
00:15:51your identity and buy things with it, expose your photos and personal
00:15:54information. Even if it seems simple to you, the consequences
00:15:58can be severe. Oh God, what should I do to protect
00:16:02myself? It's easy. First, create
00:16:05long, different passwords for each account. Second, use two-factor authentication
00:16:08whenever possible. That is, authentication.
00:16:12Third, don't give too much personal information on websites.
00:16:17suspicious links and websites. Oh, now I
00:16:21understand. And what does the CNDP do? This is the National Commission for the Control of Personal
00:16:24Data Protection. The CNDP's role is to educate and explain
00:16:28to citizens and institutions how to apply the law, protect your rights
00:16:32as a citizen, and monitor so that neither companies nor administrations violate
00:16:35your privacy.
00:16:39And if you are a victim of illegal and unauthorized exploitation of data, you can submit a complaint to the committee that ensures
00:16:43compliance with the personal data protection law. In order to live in
00:16:47we must ensure the protection of our data.
00:17:49In the year 2014, His Majesty King
00:17:53Mohammed VI, may God grant him victory, launched the "Rabat, City of Lights,
00:17:56Moroccan Cultural Capital" project, an ambitious program
00:18:00for urban development aimed at enhancing the economic,
00:18:03cultural, social, and environmental influence of the
00:18:07Kingdom's capital.
00:18:09Rabat is a modern city that is environmentally responsible
00:18:13and attaches special importance to green spaces. It is rich
00:18:16in diverse natural assets, gardens, parks,
00:18:19and vast green spaces. All of this
00:18:23has made it one of the largest green cities in the world,
00:18:26with 20 square meters of green space
00:18:29per individual, which is double the percentage recommended
00:18:32by the World Health
00:18:34Organization.
00:18:37Green spaces beautify various parts of the city of Rabat, and among
00:18:41these spaces is the Botanical Garden located in the Agdal neighborhood,
00:18:45which was reopened in 2015
00:18:48after undergoing restoration and redevelopment
00:18:52aimed at renewing a natural and historical heritage that is almost a
00:18:57time.
00:19:02the garden started in
00:19:041914.
00:19:07It is composed of 17 hectares, 10 hectares in the
00:19:11upstream part where we are, and a downstream part on the other side
00:19:15of Hassan II avenue, which is composed of seven hectares.
00:19:18The origin of this garden is a trial garden. The
00:19:22objective was to introduce exotic species to
00:19:25see if they could be acclimatized and used in Morocco. The classic
00:19:29example that exists here that
00:19:33avocado for the first time in Morocco was in this garden, and it was found that it was adapted,
00:19:36and thus... avocado cultivation began. Otherwise, it is a
00:19:40garden that is composed of 650 species,
00:19:43so it constitutes a collection of different
00:19:46plant species that are important for preserving
00:19:50biodiversity. So this gives an idea of what we
00:19:53have that are adapted in this region of Morocco,
00:19:57and we also use the garden for pedagogical
00:20:00reasons. There are students who come here and it is very important
00:20:03to raise their awareness about biodiversity so that they know
00:20:07the species that exist that are introduced here that have
00:20:11either an agricultural importance, so we use them in
00:20:14agriculture, or that have an ecological importance
00:20:18to raise their awareness about the importance of ecology.
00:20:21better health than that one, a yellower one, it has some that are
00:20:25more, in any case, you will see because there are three,
00:20:29there will be at least one that is female, but you will
00:20:33see it, I think it starts to bloom from 5 to
00:20:377. INRA's
00:20:40main mission is the conservation of genetic resources. It has several
00:20:44collections, for example, a collection of citrus trees in Kenitra, a collection
00:20:48of date palms in Zagora, a collection of cacti in Agadir,
00:20:52but the collection here represents a collection of exotic
00:20:55species plus Moroccan introduced species
00:20:58and and and and it is about preserving it, it is important
00:21:02therefore to preserve this biodiversity, in addition to the
00:21:05collection and conservation of genetic resources, it is also an experimental
00:21:08station. There are trials that are conducted here to
00:21:12study certain aspects of adaptation, either to
00:21:15water stress or to disease stress.
00:21:18We also have a part that is
00:21:22dedicated to composting. We started this program two years ago to
00:21:26try not to throw away all the plant
00:21:29remains but to recycle them and put them back into the soil, and compost
00:21:33is an important element to nourish the soil and
00:21:36maintain its richness. We also have a
00:21:40cultural space. This garden is
00:21:42sometimes used for cultural events of art,
00:21:46painting, or exhibitions.
00:21:50And finally, one of our other spaces is, I would say,
00:21:53a tourist visiting space, and it is one of the important
00:21:57gardens for the city of Rabat. Many foreign
00:22:00people visit this garden.
00:22:20The plant collections
00:22:23were in thematic squares. We currently have
00:22:26almost 27 thematic squares.
00:22:30The one we are still preserving, even though
00:22:34it's not in the same form as when it was created,
00:22:38a land, meaning it had no trees. So, it was initially for experiments.
00:22:43the success of these species
00:22:46led to the garden becoming
00:22:50what it is today, named the Botanical Garden of Experiments.
00:22:53This new name has been in place
00:22:56since 2013,
00:23:00as the garden has undergone
00:23:03a period of decline in certain stages of its
00:23:08the 80s and 90s. There were
00:23:11problems, either climatic or, more precisely, human
00:23:15problems, as it was not preserved.
00:23:18to give it a special character
00:23:21that matches the originality of Rabat, the capital of the Kingdom.
00:23:25The landscape architect Jean Claudet excelled in
00:23:28creating a unique design for the Botanical Garden, where
00:23:32it took the form of a stepped space starting from the east of the garden
00:23:35towards its west. This design also
00:23:39contributes to facilitating the irrigation of plants that
00:23:42call the garden home.
00:23:44Now, we have some types of plants that
00:23:47are even 100 years old.
00:23:50This addition
00:23:54has made the Botanical
00:23:57Garden a national
00:24:00and international heritage. This means
00:24:03that all plants must be preserved as they are, even if there is
00:24:07a natural change, it cannot
00:24:10shape must be preserved, but restoration
00:24:13and
00:24:17its proper level and at the level of international botanical
00:24:20gardens.
00:24:25The rehabilitation of the Botanical Garden included the
00:24:28redevelopment of more than 27 thematic
00:24:31squares that house precious biological
00:24:35resources. It contains a total of 650 plant
00:24:38species of various origins: local, tropical,
00:24:42subtropical, and desert. The garden also includes a nursery that contains
00:24:45a large genetic diversity, consisting of
00:24:4927 varieties distributed among 44
00:24:52species.
00:24:56As thematic squares, among
00:24:58the squares, there is the arboretum or the tree nursery. There
00:25:02is a square for Mediterranean
00:25:05plants. There are dry plants, meaning
00:25:09like cacti. The location where we
00:25:12are currently located is behind us, the arboretum. What
00:25:15is an arboretum? It is a nursery, like an exhibition
00:25:19of some species that are found in the garden, either
00:25:22in thematic squares or for decoration.
00:25:25This square of the arboretum
00:25:28or trees contains at least 44
00:25:32varieties. 44
00:25:35varieties, 27 varieties, which include 24
00:25:39species. So not all of them, because the location, I mean the area, is not
00:25:42large, but this was the beginning. Now, within the framework of partnerships
00:25:46with other countries, we are still doing, meaning
00:25:56the existing plant
00:25:57collection.
00:26:09Now we are in the square of
00:26:11cacti
00:26:15square is one of the last
00:26:18squares whose geometric shape can
00:26:21be seen in pictures dating back to 1993.
00:26:25So, the geometric shape remained
00:26:28the same. The plant species were mostly
00:26:31old, but there are,
00:26:35meaning we added new
00:26:38species or changed the species that
00:26:41had become extinct, or because these
00:26:44plants need a special climate, sometimes
00:26:47here in Rabat's climate, there is
00:26:51a lot of humidity that makes them unable to tolerate
00:26:54humidity.
00:26:56The Andalusian Garden of
00:26:58the Botanical Garden is home to it.
00:27:03It is one of the most famous gardens characterized by the Andalusian
00:27:06architectural art that the people of Andalusia immortalized
00:27:09during their stay in Morocco, with its elegant fountains
00:27:13and water basins bearing authentic Andalusian inscriptions
00:27:16and irrigation channels connected to irrigation networks and medicinal
00:27:20and aromatic plants.
00:27:23this charming space, as it is considered one of the most
00:27:26enchanting places in the city
00:27:27of Rabat.
00:27:31This garden, as we mentioned, contains some plants that
00:27:34resulted from scientific research,
00:27:37whether research specific to the National Institute for Agricultural Research,
00:27:41and it concerns Moroccan plants, such as olives,
00:27:45dates, and citrus fruits. The second
00:27:48feature is that it contains a group of tropical
00:27:51plant species, including
00:27:54avocados, as we said, one of the first works and research that was done in this
00:27:58garden was for avocados, but other species were extended,
00:28:02for example, annonas and various species that we know
00:28:06today in the Moroccan market.
00:28:33from the old heritage of the garden. Its establishment
00:28:37was in 1924, and its characteristic is that it
00:28:40contains