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00:00:08In Fez, when the Sheikh, the founder of
00:00:12the Tijaniyya order, came to Fez,
00:00:16it was not by chance or randomly, but
00:00:19because of his knowledge of this city's role in promoting knowledge
00:00:23and
00:00:25who came from its spiritual role. It has Al-Qarawiyyin University
00:00:27and the tomb
00:00:31of Moulay Idriss. Therefore, he wanted
00:00:35the starting point to be this city, the city of Fez,
00:00:38and the dissemination from the city
00:00:40of Fez.
00:00:45come from the West
00:00:49Here, among the alleys of the city of Fez, stands
00:00:53there must be the towering minaret of the Tijaniyya Zawiya, named after the founder
00:00:57of the order, Abu Al-Abbas Ahmed.
00:01:10He died here in Fez in
00:01:131815,
00:01:15where he studied under several Sufi sheikhs,
00:01:18but his aspirations did not
00:01:22stop at the boundaries of any order, so he sought
00:01:25to establish his own special Zawiya.
00:01:30Our master Muhammad,
00:01:32The Tijaniyya order the opener of what was closed and the seal of what preceded,
00:01:35the helper of the truth
00:01:37of the number of adherents and the guide to Your straight path, and
00:01:42the majority of Sufis in his family the Great. O God,
00:01:45bless our master Muhammad,
00:01:48the opener and the seal of what
00:01:50preceded, the helper of the truth with truth,
00:01:54Sufism, based on Your straight path and his
00:01:58companions the Great. O God,
00:02:01bless our master
00:02:04we rely on for Muhammad, the opener of what was closed and the seal
00:02:06of what preceded, the truth and the guide
00:02:10to the straight path,
00:02:12have in the and
00:02:17largest city in the Powerful. Now we are present at
00:02:19the Great Zawiya in Fez,
00:02:23which was founded by the founder of the Tijaniyya order, Ahmed
00:02:26Tijani,
00:02:29when he came to the city of Fez, and which
00:02:32contains his blessed shrine, and which also serves
00:02:36day one on as a destination and Qibla for all
00:02:39Tijanis worldwide in the Islamic world.
00:02:43All Tijanis
00:02:45model in this long for this Zawiya and
00:02:48to be present there and perform dhikr there. This
00:02:51Zawiya is considered
00:02:55a religious
00:02:57beacon for the Syrian emanation.
00:03:08Immediately after performing the Asr prayer,
00:03:11the Tijaniyya ritual begins with the recitation of Al-Fatiha, then
00:03:15the Salawat Al-Fatih and Jawhar Al-Kamal, which
00:03:18are considered characteristics of the Tijaniyya order.
00:03:21This is followed by seeking forgiveness. A white pure cloth
00:03:25is spread out as a symbol of purity
00:03:27When a Tijani from and cleanliness, which the disciples hold
00:03:35during the Tijaniyya supplications and litanies.
00:03:37The followers gather around a white cloth,
00:03:41claiming that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon
00:03:44him, sits in the company of Ahmed Tijani. The
00:03:48supplications are recited aloud
00:03:52with a harmonious, coordinated, and organized rhythm.
00:03:55No doubt, it is a means to satisfy spiritual
00:03:59A.H. desires, which cannot be satisfied except in this way.
00:04:03The spread
00:04:07of the Tijaniyya order in West Africa
00:04:11naturally began from
00:04:13Mauritania, by Sheikh Sidi Muhammad Al-Mukhtar
00:04:17Al-Alawi, who worked to spread
00:04:22visits by seeking knowledge, studying with the Tijaniyya order. And he came to Fez and then took
00:04:26the Tijaniyya order, and he was commanded to
00:04:30There was among them, among the Sufis, transmit it and give it to whoever wanted it.
00:04:34This organization will
00:04:40as a link between the schools of Sufism in
00:04:48this path establishes and roots in
00:04:58Despite the intention.
00:05:06Mauritanians were interested in sciences and acquiring
00:05:09knowledge, accumulating a huge scientific wealth. Manuscripts
00:05:21The journeys of the Shinqiti to Hajj played the
00:05:24most prominent role in collecting them. Shinqiti scholars were keen to acquire them,
00:05:27no matter how
00:05:29expensive they were.
00:05:35The parents
00:05:40and people of nobility
00:05:46The scholars continued to follow that tradition, striving
00:05:49to acquire knowledge with their rest and their travels,
00:05:53and with their money with which they would copy
00:05:56books, hiring for them
00:05:59for a long time.
00:06:03In times of scarcity of manuscripts,
00:06:06copying and dedication to it,
00:06:09and financial cost in it. After that, it happened.
00:06:17And also, if kings admired scholars, they would give
00:06:20them books. This was also a great means
00:06:23of obtaining valuable books, which is the gifting
00:06:27of books by kings. And this even
00:06:30Ben Rasek, who was, for example, died
00:06:32in 100
00:06:35and 44, and
00:06:37144,
00:06:39he was carrying from Morocco and came with a large library
00:06:42containing 600 manuscript
00:06:44volumes.
00:06:51I gave them, you gave me for the prominent, for the prominent
00:06:54a book and the eye the covering
00:06:58and the purity and the covering and the headscarf. So
00:07:01the books of the scholars here would
00:07:03come to him from the kings of Morocco, and no one would leave
00:07:07from here and come to Morocco and meet with kings without
00:07:11them honoring him
00:07:13with their love. And similarly, they would provide them
00:07:16with the ships for the
00:07:18Hajj.
00:07:25Mauritania derives its distinguished role in spreading
00:07:28Islam from its geographical location, as it is located at
00:07:32the meeting point between North Africa and its west.
00:07:35This strategic location distinguished
00:07:38the people of this land throughout history with a cultural
00:07:42and economic demographic vitality
00:07:45that made them play the role of the connecting mediator between
00:07:49these two parties, where the Shinqiti tribes
00:07:52were able to establish a distinct life in
00:07:55their diverse human interaction with African societies
00:07:59and in the unique relationships they
00:08:02forged
00:08:03with them.
00:08:19Among those who visited him was a great and mighty
00:08:23scholar of Hadith, a respected scholar, Sheikh Muhammad
00:08:26Al-Hafiz Al-Alawi. He came from Shinqat in a
00:08:30long story that led him to Hajj, then from Hajj he returned to
00:08:34Fez and met the Sheikh and stayed with the Sheikh for three
00:08:37years, taking the path and knowledge
00:08:41from him, and then returned to his country, Shinqat.
00:08:45The Sheikh had advised him after bidding him farewell and parting
00:08:48with him, saying, "Do not appear until Allah makes you appear," in a
00:08:52story. Then Allah made his matter appear in a strange story,
00:08:55and the order spread through him during
00:08:58its spread. It is well known that
00:09:01the Tijaniyya order reached
00:09:05the Shinqit region in the year 1221
00:09:11by means of the Sheikh
00:09:15of Sheikhs and the educator of مقامات,
00:09:18Sheikh Muhammad Al-Habib bin
00:09:21Karoui. Sheikh Muhammad, may Allah be pleased
00:09:25with him, lived in this region,
00:09:29moving between scholars,
00:09:32this first one.
00:09:34Among those he studied with, to our knowledge, was the great
00:09:37scholar, Sheikh Al-Islam Hurmah bin Abdul
00:09:40Jalil.
00:09:43The influence of Moroccan Sufi orders reached
00:09:46the land of Shinqit, so much so that the schools of Sufism in
00:09:49Mauritania were classified
00:09:52Morocco and West Africa. Thus, it carried
00:09:55the characteristics and features of Sufism with its Arab
00:09:59and African character at the same time, which helped
00:10:02it play key roles in shaping the structure
00:10:06of the societal culture of African
00:10:08peoples.
00:10:11The Tijaniyya order spread in Mauritania
00:10:14and Africa through Sheikh Muhammad
00:10:17Al-Hafiz bin Al-Mukhtar bin Habib Al-Alawi, who was a direct disciple
00:10:21of Sheikh Tijani and stayed with him for three years.
00:10:33And the scholars in Africa, after the order spread
00:10:36through Sheikh
00:10:38Muhammad, but
00:10:41it spread in Africa through
00:10:44his eldest disciple, Abu Al-Saud Sidi Mawlid,
00:10:50his tribe and was initiated into
00:10:53the path. to give it. And
00:10:56after that, he asked
00:10:59the Sheikh, "I must go to Morocco
00:11:03to meet Sheikh Tijani." But he also longed for
00:11:06something he lacked. Our Sheikh, Sheikh Muhammad Al-Hafiz, did not
00:11:10from Fez. He came to him to take the Tijaniyya
00:11:13order from him, and that was in the mid-
00:11:16century. He took it from Sheikh Sidi
00:11:19Sheikh Muhammad Al-Hafiz. And after that, his soul also
00:11:23longed to meet the seal of the Tijaniyya,
00:11:27our master Ahmed Tijani, in Fez. So he traveled to Fez
00:11:31in 1230
00:11:35Hijri. And about that, the scholar Baba bin
00:11:38Ahmed Baba says: He traveled twice towards
00:11:41Fez, the city of pleasant breaths, the Imam
00:11:45of the saints in absolute terms, and the Messenger of Allah by
00:11:48agreement. So he came with knowledge and insights
00:11:51and the companionship of the great Imams.
00:11:57represents one of the major orders in the Islamic world in terms
00:12:02and the strength of its impact on social reality. Today, it attracts
00:12:07Senegal, and consequently, it is estimated
00:12:11that its followers constitute approximately 70%
00:12:14of Muslims. It is followed by the
00:12:17Muridiyya order, then
00:12:19the Qadiriyya order.
00:12:30170 km east of the capital,
00:12:34Dakar, lies one of the most important spiritual
00:12:37cities in Senegal, Touba, the second
00:12:42the country.
00:12:48Allah, Allah, Allah.
00:12:52Allah, Allah, Allah. It is an exception
00:12:56in terms of its origin. We can say almost that it is the only city
00:12:59that was founded from
00:13:01piety.
00:13:03He says,
00:13:06"I did not come here seeking a farm or
00:13:10pasture. Rather, I built it for the worship of Allah
00:13:13Almighty." And he is the one who said in some of his supplications, "O Allah, You have taken
00:13:16my reins to the land You chose for me, and I built two
00:13:20houses in it to worship You therein with faith, Islam, and Ihsan,
00:13:23and I named them."
00:13:26So its origin differs. The city differs from all other
00:13:30cities. Its age is about 130
00:13:34years only, and this is very
00:13:37short for countries. Nevertheless, it represents what it represents today.
00:13:51Our journey led us to discover this.
00:14:08What attracts the visitor's attention here is
00:14:11the competition in reviving the rituals, as if it is
00:14:14a miniature representation of the Hajj pilgrimage in terms
00:14:17of the practiced rituals, the pilgrims visiting a number of
00:14:21shrines, the Mosque of Dar Al-Quds, where the Sheikh's
00:14:25shrine is located. Ahmed Bamba and the great caliphs.
00:14:38These orders
00:14:41have a great role in spreading Islam because
00:14:44Islam is Sufi, a pure Islam,
00:14:48meaning an Islam of forgiveness
00:14:51and cooperation.
00:14:55the room that was the basis of everything.
00:14:59also have a social impact,
00:15:03leading to stability, cooperation,
00:15:06solidarity, and mutual support, and tolerance, and so
00:15:10on, of matters that
00:15:13society. And people,
00:15:17by adhering to this path, found in it what
00:15:20would mend their conditions as individuals
00:15:23and groups. Their common approach
00:15:27is to
00:15:30spread true
00:15:33Sunni Islam, which the Prophet,
00:15:36peace be upon him, and his companions were upon.
00:15:40This is the comprehensive approach
00:15:43on which the people of Sufism were raised.
00:17:01The Shaykh Bamba was a Sunni Muslim.
00:17:04His creed was the creed of the Ash'aris, from the people of the Jama'ah, on the Ash'ari
00:17:08path, just as is the case in Morocco.
00:17:12And his jurisprudential school was the school of Imam Malik.
00:17:16And he used to say, "Adhere to the Maliki school, for it is
00:17:18pure and illuminated." He would advise his disciples
00:17:22to follow the Maliki school. And this
00:17:25mosque's school came to us from Morocco.
00:17:28And his Sufism is also a Sunni
00:17:31conduct, not on theories. In addition to that, we study
00:17:35the Holy Quran with the Warsh recitation from Nafi'. And almost
00:17:39all the books that
00:17:41teaching came to us from
00:17:44Morocco. Even most of us write in the Moroccan
00:17:48script. The Tijanis Kingdom
00:17:52of Morocco
00:17:53a religious
00:17:56and spiritual destination.
00:17:59Because they see that the
00:18:03Islam that characterizes this kingdom
00:18:06is a moderate Islam, an Islam
00:18:10of moderation, an Islam of accepting others, and an Islam
00:18:13that is the Sunni Islam that the Messenger of Allah, peace
00:18:17be upon him, left behind. So they see in this kingdom an exemplary
00:18:22spiritual field.
00:18:38The roots of the Tijaniyya order extend deep into Morocco,
00:18:42from the city of Fez to the city of Rabat,
00:18:46which nourishes the spiritual being of millions
00:18:49of Senegalese who find in it not
00:18:52only a holy place, but essentially a second
00:18:56land for worship
00:18:57and remembrance.
00:19:01La ilaha illallah.
00:19:05Senegal is asked, "What is the city closest to
00:19:08your heart across the world?" the answer comes quickly:
00:19:12Fez. It is the spiritual capital of the kingdom
00:19:16which is also that for millions of Senegalese.
00:19:19Most of the country's residents are followers of this
00:19:23Sufi order. There is no god but
00:19:26Allah. There is no god but
00:19:29Allah. There is no god but
00:19:32Allah. There is no god but Allah.
00:19:36There is no god but Allah. The majority of advisors organize
00:19:40annual visits to Morocco, and every year we go to
00:19:44Fez, and we go to Marrakech, we go to Rabat, and we
00:19:47go then. All this is thanks to the Sufism that connects
00:19:51Côte d'Ivoire and Morocco that
00:19:54daily, weekly, or monthly, there are organized
00:19:59Tijanis, and from the Zawiyas and the Tijaniyya
00:20:02Caliphs to visit
00:20:05Sheikh Tijani, may Allah be pleased with him. And on
00:20:09these many
00:20:12occasions, thank
00:20:14God.
00:20:21Not far from Senegal is the Republic of Mali, a point
00:20:25of connection between the civilizations of North Africa
00:20:28and its south, which made it throughout history an important
00:20:32commercial center and an intellectual and cultural
00:20:35hub. The peaceful coexistence between ethnicities
00:20:37is still
00:20:39preserved.
00:20:45Ibn Khaldun mentions, quoting the author of Tarikh
00:20:48al-Fattash, that the land beyond the Berber kings,
00:20:52i.e., the land of the Kingdom of Ghana, had known Islam,
00:20:56and some of its tribes began to convert to it at an
00:20:59early stage, until the lands of West Africa
00:21:02became great Islamic kingdoms, such as the Kingdom
00:21:05of Mali.
00:21:11Mali was distinguished by its written heritage, thanks to
00:21:14its great empires and its various Islamic
00:21:17kingdoms, whose men exerted great
00:21:21efforts for its advancement.
00:21:24Among them were the Sufis who contributed greatly
00:21:27to the methodology
00:21:28and creed.
00:21:36We do not say that the Tijaniyya is branched, because the Tijaniyya is one, just as
00:21:39Islam is one. However,
00:21:43the chain ends with such and such a sheikh.
00:21:46So there are among us
00:21:50those who are affiliated with Al-Hajj Omar Al-Futi, to the chain
00:21:54of Al-Hajj Omar Al-Futi, and they call themselves
00:21:57the Omaris. And also,
00:22:00Sheikh Hamah Allah in
00:22:03Nioro and Nioro's
00:22:06Zawiyas are also spread throughout the Republic of Mali.
00:22:10They are called the Hamawis. And also,
00:22:14finally, from the fifties and sixties until
00:22:16today, the Tijaniyya
00:22:20order came to us through Sheikh Ibrahim Yaas, may
00:22:24Allah have mercy on him. So these three Zawiyas
00:22:27are spread throughout Mali, and the percentage of Tijanis,
00:22:31according to our estimates
00:22:33and conjectures, because statistics, as you know, in
00:22:37Africa are not accurate, but our conjecture
00:22:40is that the percentage of Tijanis
00:22:43exceeds 62% of
00:22:47Muslims.
00:23:24There is a decisive role for the Zawiyas and Sufi
00:23:26orders with their religious influence, which made them play
00:23:30a historical role in weaving spiritual bonds
00:23:33between them and the Muslims of Mali.
00:24:21The adherents of the Tijaniyya order in Mali gather
00:24:23today in a recognized national body,
00:24:26headed by a Sheikh from among
00:24:2952 caliphs representing all the Zawiyas
00:24:33spread throughout the country. It was named the
00:24:36Federal Council for the Adherents of the Tijaniyya Order.
00:24:40Here, inside this humble headquarters, Sheikh
00:24:44Tierno Hady Thiam is preparing for a meeting with some members
00:24:47of the body to finalize the latest.
00:25:20It is called the Convent today, and this association gathers
00:25:24all.