Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:22Headline news:
00:00:24Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan agree on a defense pact in Mecca.
00:00:28Riyadh says their pact doesn't threaten any country.
00:00:31Ankara also says it doesn't conflict with its NATO obligations.
00:00:35Trump hopes for an agreement to reopen the Strait of Hormuz in
00:00:39the near future. A US official said that if this waterway
00:00:43is fully opened, the naval blockade on Iran
00:00:46would be lifted.
00:00:48Scattered clashes over women's dress in Iran. Tehran's Friday
00:00:52prayer leader claimed a systematic foreign effort
00:00:55to promote immodesty. And a 97-year-old woman
00:01:02breaks her own record by performing stunts on the wing
00:01:06of a plane.
00:01:26Hello and welcome to this news segment from BBC Persian. I am Parham.
00:01:30Qadi. Saudi Arabia says the joint defense agreement it
00:01:33signed with Turkey and Pakistan
00:01:36is unrelated to any nuclear ambitions and does not threaten
00:01:40any country in the region. Turkey also stated that this
00:01:43defense pact does not conflict with its commitments within the
00:01:47NATO framework. According to this agreement, signed by Mohammed bin
00:01:50Salman, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and Shahbaz Sharif in Mecca,
00:01:54an armed attack on any of these three countries
00:01:57will be considered an attack on all of them. Turkey is a member of
00:02:01NATO. Saudi Arabia is one of the main allies of the US in
00:02:04the region and the largest oil exporter in the world.
00:02:07Pakistan is also the only Muslim country with nuclear
00:02:11weapons. More details in a report by Kasra
00:02:13Naji.
00:02:17The leaders of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey signed
00:02:21a trilateral defense pact today, known as the
00:02:24Mecca Pact. This comes just as the Iran-US
00:02:28conflict in the region is
00:02:30escalating, and Saudi Arabia has been drawn
00:02:34into it.
00:02:39According to this pact, or joint Mecca defense agreement,
00:02:43an attack or aggression against one of the signatories is considered
00:02:46an attack and aggression against all three. Just a few
00:02:50days ago, Iran officially and in writing informed the Arab
00:02:54countries in the region that in case of new US attacks on
00:02:58Iran, their oil installations would be targeted. Today's agreement
00:03:01states that all three countries are committed to further
00:03:05strengthening their collective security
00:03:08and promoting peace, security, and stability in
00:03:12the region and beyond. The defense pact of these
00:03:15three Muslim countries bordering Iran - Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and
00:03:19Turkey - now shows that Iran has managed to unite
00:03:23these three countries against its threats.
00:03:26Although this pact also has
00:03:30Israel in its sights, whose level of threats
00:03:33has significantly increased in the past few years.
00:03:37For Saudi Arabia, this pact is now an opportunity to
00:03:40reduce reliance on the US for its defense.
00:03:44Just 11 months ago, wealthy
00:03:48Saudi Arabia and nuclear-powered Pakistan signed
00:03:51a joint defense pact. A pact that puts Pakistan's
00:03:54military power and nuclear weapons at the disposal of
00:03:58defense.
00:04:18These images today from near Marib in
00:04:22Yemen, adjacent to Sana'a. The Mecca defense pact
00:04:25was signed today under conditions where the Houthis of Yemen
00:04:29have increased their attacks here against Saudi forces
00:04:32and ships that use the country's Red Sea ports.
00:04:36Houthis who are considered
00:04:39proxies of Iran, and this pact could also
00:04:43affect these forces.
00:04:46Today's
00:04:49pact is a sign of the current situation in the region
00:04:52and the threat these countries mainly feel from Iran.
00:04:56An Iran whose behavior is likely to mobilize
00:05:00and unite more countries against itself.
00:05:03Kasrinji, BBC
00:05:05C.
00:05:08For more discussion, Farzad Nadimi, military affairs analyst from Washington, D.C.
00:05:14Each of these countries has certain capabilities. What
00:05:17do each of them bring to the table? Well,
00:05:21Turkey has
00:05:24a very significant
00:05:27and extensive defense industry
00:05:30in the region that has advanced
00:05:33greatly. It can
00:05:35add its military industrial capacity to this pact.
00:05:39In the current circumstances, Saudi Arabia
00:05:43is investing in some of Turkey's projects,
00:05:46such as the Kaan stealth fighter, with an investment of about
00:05:498 billion dollars, and there is talk that it will purchase
00:05:53a number of these fighters once they reach the production
00:05:56stage. Turkey also has
00:06:00a multi-layered missile defense system
00:06:04called GUMED Pouladin under
00:06:07research and development, which includes both air
00:06:11and missile defense.
00:06:13And given that similar Western systems
00:06:16take a considerable amount of time to be ordered
00:06:20and delivered, and these countries themselves
00:06:23have a very great need, Saudi Arabia can
00:06:27count on Turkey's missile defense system,
00:06:30which could enter the production cycle in the
00:06:34relatively near future, and any investment by Turkey
00:06:38or Saudi Arabia will again return.
00:07:13Pakistan's nuclear program is supposed
00:07:16to be applied to Saudi Arabia, meaning in the face of
00:07:19potential
00:07:21attacks. This topic has been discussed very vaguely,
00:07:25and it's ambiguous.
00:07:27Perhaps it was intentional. Naturally, when the pact states
00:07:31that any attack on any of these countries will be an attack
00:07:35on the other country, it can potentially
00:07:38include the use of nuclear weapons.
00:07:41But we see that using nuclear weapons for countries that
00:07:45possess this capability
00:07:47is not
00:07:50easy at all. We saw in several conflicts between India and Pakistan
00:07:53that neither of these countries used nuclear weapons.
00:07:56Therefore, it can be expected that in many
00:08:00future scenarios, if something happens
00:08:03and Pakistan wants to get involved in defending Turkey
00:08:06or Saudi Arabia, it will not necessarily resort
00:08:10But having around
00:08:13a hundred and one nuclear agreements just recently, Donald Trump announced
00:08:16that he had signed with Saudi Arabia. Apart from that, 13 years
00:08:20ago, it was reported that Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, on behalf of
00:08:23Saudi Arabia, had built nuclear warheads and were ready for delivery whenever
00:08:27Saudi Arabia wanted them. In the 80s, they also acquired CS2
00:08:30missiles from China, which have a range of approximately 3,000 kilometers.
00:08:34If you look at the totality of these, what is Saudi Arabia worried about?
00:08:37Iran or Israel?
00:08:40Saudi Arabia is trying to increase its deterrence
00:08:44in every direction, and this includes both Israel and
00:08:47Iran. Saudi Arabia's
00:08:50energy industry and energy infrastructure are very vulnerable,
00:08:53and the events that have occurred in the past few years, from 2019 to today,
00:08:57have shown how vulnerable Saudi Arabia's energy
00:09:00infrastructure is, both in the Persian Gulf and in
00:09:04the Red Sea. It must create a significant deterrence capability
00:09:08here and has realized that the defense
00:09:11that the United States can provide in the region
00:09:15is very limited and is not enough to defend itself,
00:09:19let alone its allies. And
00:09:22Saudi Arabia must look to other
00:09:26defense capabilities, and here the issue is nuclear
00:09:29deterrence. Pakistan, of course, can potentially
00:09:33be a deterrent factor, although
00:09:37it is not specifically mentioned in this defense pact.
00:09:40But naturally, because Pakistan's military
00:09:44nuclear program, it is said, was financed by Saudi Arabia,
00:09:48therefore, perhaps in some
00:09:51confidential articles of this pact
00:09:54between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, or even in a bilateral
00:09:57pact between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, they might have envisioned the use of nuclear
00:10:01weapons in certain circumstances.
00:10:04In that case, Saudi Arabia would be at ease. Yes, long-range
00:10:08missiles were purchased in two phases, CS2,
00:10:11from China in the 1980s. Their range was 2,500 kilometers
00:10:15at that time for deterrence against Iran. And
00:10:18of course, Israel was also mentioned at that time,
00:10:22and then they acquired much newer generations of missiles from China
00:10:25again, and it is even said that they intend to manufacture them in Saudi
00:10:29Arabia.
00:10:33Is signing this memorandum of understanding
00:10:36sufficient, or are other things needed, such as a joint command,
00:10:40holding military exercises, and things of that
00:10:42nature? Well, naturally, this
00:10:46is the political agreement
00:10:49of this pact. Naturally, a lot of time must be spent
00:10:52to establish joint
00:10:55cooperation and compatibility of command and
00:10:59control systems among these countries, especially
00:11:02Turkey. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have a long
00:11:06history of military cooperation. Pakistani military forces
00:11:09have been present in Saudi Arabia, and many of
00:11:13Saudi Arabia's military systems are actually operated by Pakistanis.
00:11:17But simultaneous cooperation between Pakistan,
00:11:20Turkey, and Saudi Arabia requires
00:11:23significant training.
00:11:32Control and command and control. Now, to what extent will this happen?
00:11:35Will a joint structure be created?
00:11:38I think these details are not yet clear. In the future,
00:11:42it will be determined whether a joint military
00:11:45force will be established within the framework of this
00:11:49pact, or whether this is simply a political
00:11:52pact, and defense cooperation will take place bilaterally
00:11:56or trilaterally within a specific framework that will be determined
00:12:00in the future. But it seems that, as stated,
00:12:03it does not contradict the Peninsula Shield Force
00:12:07of the Gulf Cooperation Council and will somehow cooperate with it. And this
00:12:11might lead to countries like Kuwait and Bahrain joining
00:12:15it in the future. It's still hard to be sure about
00:12:18the UAE. Do you think that if, for example, Iran's infrastructure
00:12:21is targeted by the US, and Iran attacks
00:12:25Saudi Arabia's infrastructure, or Iranian-backed groups from Iraq
00:12:29or the Houthis, will this cause Turkey and Pakistan to take
00:12:33military action against Iran? Briefly, if you can say,
00:12:36automatically, no. But it could cause
00:12:40Saudi Arabia to ask these countries for help
00:12:44very clearly and directly, and these countries,
00:12:47according to their own discretion and interests,
00:12:50can use their capabilities to defend
00:12:53Saudi Arabia. I think Turkey can quickly send
00:12:57its air force and air defense systems to Saudi Arabia.
00:13:01Turkey too, but not in a direct offensive against Iran, I don't
00:13:04think so. Thank you very much for your presence in the program.
00:13:07Farzad Nadimi, military analyst from Washington,
00:13:10is with us. We have Meir Javdanfar,
00:13:13Israeli affairs expert from Tel Aviv, with us. Welcome to the program, Mr. Javdanfar.
00:13:16Has the Islamic NATO caused concern in Israel?
00:13:19From one
00:13:22perspective, yes, because
00:13:26it can
00:13:28make diplomatic relations between Israel
00:13:32and Saudi Arabia more
00:13:35difficult. Let's not forget that one of the reasons Hamas
00:13:38attacked Israel on October 7th was that Israel and Saudi Arabia
00:13:42were on the verge of establishing diplomatic relations.
00:13:45And now we know that
00:13:48Mr. Erdogan
00:13:51has really taken very strong anti-Israeli
00:13:54stances since the day
00:13:58after October 7th, especially, and
00:14:01close relations between Saudi Arabia
00:14:05and Turkey could, in the future, of course with a different
00:14:09Israeli government, not with the current Israeli government, make the issue
00:14:13more difficult. But from another perspective,
00:14:16no, because
00:14:19it really can also be an opportunity
00:14:23for Israel, because it seems
00:14:26that one of the main goals
00:14:29of this pact is the Velayat-e Faqih
00:14:33government in Tehran. Do you think this will affect
00:14:37the normalization of relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel,
00:14:40something they were very much pursuing?
00:14:43It can, yes, it can.
00:14:46One of the hopes in
00:14:50Israel in previous years was that Israel, Saudi Arabia, and
00:14:53moderate Sunni countries
00:14:56that are against the government and really suffer
00:14:59from the policies of the Velayat-e Faqih government,
00:15:02Israel would form an alliance with them
00:15:06against the government in Iran,
00:15:09against the policies of the government in Iran. But Israel failed
00:15:13for various reasons, due to
00:15:16October 7th, and it's also possible that because
00:15:20the war could have ended sooner in Gaza,
00:15:23but perhaps due to Israel's policies, it continued,
00:15:27and the longer the war continued, it really became
00:15:30harder for Israel to reach an agreement
00:15:34with Saudi Arabia. Now, while
00:15:37the Saudis will truly be dependent
00:15:41on Mr. Erdogan for their country's
00:15:43defense, perhaps one of the conditions
00:15:47he will set in the future for continued
00:15:51defense of Saudi Arabia will be
00:15:53that Saudi Arabia never establishes relations with Israel. This
00:15:57could truly be a big challenge for Israel
00:16:00in the short term, but in the long term, it's difficult,
00:16:04because we all know how much
00:16:07pacts and relationships can
00:16:11truly undergo significant changes
00:16:15in the Middle East. Don't forget how much Saudi Arabia and Turkey
00:16:19were enemies. Mr. Khashoggi was killed in Turkey,
00:16:22and Turkey was really against Mr. Bin Salman,
00:16:25and with the problems that arose, Mr.
00:16:29Erdogan truly supported
00:16:32these issues to create problems for Bin Salman,
00:16:36and it was his main source.
00:17:02people who take dollars to be present in society, with what he calls
00:17:05an undesirable situation.
00:17:07Mohammad Javad Haj Ali Akbari said in his Friday prayer
00:17:11sermon that a group is taking advantage of the war situation
00:17:15and promoting nudity. At the same time, reports of hijab warnings to
00:17:18some women in several cities, including Tehran, Rasht, and Isfahan,
00:17:22were published, and a number of cafes were also sealed.
00:17:25Saman Savadi, lawyer and gender equality activist from Brighton,
00:17:29UK, is with us. Welcome to the program, Ms. Savadi. In a situation
00:17:32where the Islamic Republic of Iran is currently
00:17:36in war, the officials are trying very hard, as they say,
00:17:40to create unity. On the other hand, livelihood problems have become
00:17:43so severe that even the officials of the Islamic Republic admit
00:17:47that protests are likely. Why should they touch
00:17:49such a controversial issue?
00:17:52Hello to you and the viewers of your program.
00:17:55Exactly for the reasons you mentioned, the Islamic Republic is currently
00:17:59trying to increase its control over women's bodies and, through
00:18:03that, over society, because it knows that the people
00:18:06are embers under ashes, and at any moment, this fire
00:18:10may ignite again. The issue is that, fundamentally, when we want
00:18:14to look at the core of what happens regarding hijab, the issue is not
00:18:17what kind of clothes a woman wears or doesn't wear, or what kind of lifestyle
00:18:21she has, but rather the issue of control and
00:18:24obedience. Just as in previous weeks and months, we witnessed
00:18:28women who did not have the preferred covering of the Islamic
00:18:31Republic participating in government street carnivals and occupying the streets.
00:18:35There, the command was to occupy the streets.
00:18:38The command was to display national unity, and the issue
00:18:41of hijab was not important. But now the situation is different.
00:18:45Now the issue is to send this message to society, to women, and to all
00:18:48citizens: I can control you. Let's be aware of this point:
00:18:52the force that is currently present in the streets as the morality
00:18:56police will not always remain the morality police. The issue is
00:18:59control. Today, that morality police is supposed to control
00:19:03the issue of women's hijab, and tomorrow, it will control
00:19:07street protests. It will control other behaviors
00:19:10of citizens. In fact, the Islamic Republic, with what we call
00:19:14dress control, is normalizing
00:19:17control at the societal level. The moral panic,
00:19:21those words you used, nakedness, immodesty, creates
00:19:25a moral panic in society, which is essentially meant to say
00:19:28that due to this existing panic, I justify any kind of suppression,
00:19:32any kind of confrontation. Well, for all these years,
00:19:35the desire of the officials of the Islamic
00:19:45Republic has not been able to stop the cultural policies of the Islamic
00:19:49Republic from hindering women and people in other cultural
00:19:52spheres. Why are they so insistent on continuing this
00:19:55war? This point you refer to
00:19:58is an interesting one, because as you said, women
00:20:02have never abandoned this front. It was the first
00:20:05line of defense that women established against the Islamic Republic
00:20:09in Esfand 57 (March 1979). They came to the streets and said, "No to headscarves,
00:20:13no to oppression." They knew very well, as we heard earlier,
00:20:16that whoever tells them what to wear will later tell them what to think
00:20:20and how to live. This has continued from that
00:20:23year until now. The women who came to the streets
00:20:26that day, their granddaughters, their daughters, have not left the streets,
00:20:30they have not returned home. They are still in the streets and fighting,
00:20:33and yes, they have been able to push the Islamic Republic back
00:20:37slightly, but the Islamic Republic knows very well that the issue
00:20:41is not exactly what I said in the first part, the issue is control. If they tell
00:20:45these women that they can no longer wear the hijab, then they will demand
00:20:48their other rights, their civil rights. Of course, women
00:20:52will also demand their other rights. But there is another point,
00:20:56and that is that, after all, the Islamic Republic has a core of supporters,
00:20:59and that core of supporters expects the Islamic Republic
00:21:03to police society on who wears what, drinks what,
00:21:06and has what kind of relationships. If the Islamic Republic were to lose
00:21:10support from that core and lose its own supporters by
00:21:14retreating on the issue of hijab,
00:21:18then it would have lost its supporters,
00:21:20but it cannot attract my opponents. I am against
00:21:23the Islamic Republic, and if the Islamic Republic retreats from
00:21:27the issue of hijab, I will not become a supporter of the Islamic Republic.
00:21:31So, the Islamic Republic finds itself in this difficult position that
00:21:35if it retreats from hijab, it will lose support from its own
00:21:38supporters, and it will not gain opponents. So, it sees the best course of action
00:21:42as maintaining this front, maintaining control over women and society,
00:21:46and relying on the support of that same group that still
00:21:52supports it. These actions by the Islamic Republic are usually
00:21:56seasonal. For example, they happen more often in summers. Now we are
00:21:59also approaching the anniversary of the Woman, Life, Freedom movement.
00:22:02Some say that might be the reason. Do you think these will
00:22:06have any effect on the path that Iranian women or
00:22:09others have taken, and their distance from the policies
00:22:12of the Islamic Republic? What has happened throughout
00:22:16these past four decades shows us that these will not
00:22:20have an effect. Meaning, the Islamic Republic constantly tries to
00:22:23brand the way women dress and the lifestyle
00:22:27of citizens as "abnormal,"
00:22:30whereas what we are witnessing shows that if it were normal,
00:22:34there would be no need for police, cameras, sealing
00:22:37businesses, and such measures to enforce it on society.
00:22:41This shows that, on the contrary, society is very clearly telling
00:22:44the government that the way you treat me
00:22:47is abnormal, and this struggle continues.
00:22:51I don't think that, in fact, society will retreat
00:22:54from these kinds of behaviors right now. But society also
00:22:58has a tolerance level, you know. It might sometimes pause to regroup,
00:23:01but later it will stand up more against these kinds of behaviors.
00:23:05Thank you very much for your presence in the program. Saman Savadi,
00:23:08lawyer and gender equality activist from Brighton,
00:23:11We continue the program with a few short news items.
00:23:14A court of appeals in the US has ordered the government
00:23:18to construct a 400-person
00:23:23reception hall. This court announced that the government
00:23:26must obtain congressional approval for this project. Following
00:23:30the destruction of the east wing of the White House, the National Trust for Historic
00:23:34Preservation had sued the government to stop further construction.
00:23:38Donald Trump reacted to this ruling by describing it as a politically
00:23:41motivated act and said that his administration would appeal to the Supreme
00:23:45Court. After a shooting at a school in the suburbs
00:23:49of Bangkok, the Prime Minister of Thailand promised to enact
00:23:52a new law to control firearms. In this incident, a 14-year-old
00:23:56boy killed seven people, including five teachers,
00:24:00and then committed suicide. He first killed
00:24:03his grandparents and then stormed the school
00:24:06he attended. 13 people were hospitalized.
00:24:10The Prime Minister of Thailand said it is clear that this attack
00:24:13was premeditated. An
00:24:17eastern imperial eagle was released into the wild in Serbia
00:24:21after being rescued from wildlife traffickers. This bird, named
00:24:24Felix, was caught last year after leaving its nest and
00:24:28smuggled to the Middle East. The smugglers had demanded a ransom
00:24:31for its release. Tracking devices showed that Felix's
00:24:35last location was Syria. After long negotiations,
00:24:39it was sent to Beirut for recovery and returned home
00:24:42six months later. The eastern imperial eagle is an endangered
00:24:46species. A
00:24:5197-year-old woman, who held the record for wing-walking
00:24:54on a plane, has broken her own world record.
00:24:58Betty Bromage has been performing these aerial stunts for a decade
00:25:02to raise money for charities. In her latest
00:25:05performance, she raised funds for the healthcare staff
00:25:09who helped her during her stroke. BBC correspondent Steve
00:25:12Noyes witnessed her adventurous flight up
00:25:15close.
00:25:18Betty is back. She is 97 years old and has taken
00:25:22to the skies again. If I don't do these things,
00:25:26life gets boring for me. When you get old, you can't go to certain places,
00:25:29you can't do certain things, you can't drive.
00:25:33You can't see well. I can't see very well. It's a bit frustrating. In the sky,
00:25:37Betty feels at home. On the ground, her friends and
00:25:40neighbors in her village in Cheltenham watch her
00:25:44with concern. Betty started
00:25:48this 10 years ago. At 87 years old, since
00:25:51then, she has abseiled from a tower in Cheltenham
00:25:55and zip-lined in Snowdonia. But this time, she has gone
00:25:59further than ever before and from behind.
00:26:32The staff of the department sent her a message and wished her
00:26:36success.
00:26:42It's amazing that she's doing something like this for us. We're very
00:26:45grateful. To get on an airplane and wing-walk
00:26:49just to support our department is amazing. We're very
00:26:52grateful for her. We're very grateful that she's doing this. On the ground,
00:26:56Betty calmly celebrated her success. She
00:26:59broke her own world record again. She is the most senior
00:27:03woman to perform stunts on the wing of an
00:27:06airplane.
00:27:11I was a children's nurse, and I worked at Dr. Bernardo's home in Bristol.
00:27:14On my bed there was a note with this message: "We only pass
00:27:18through this world once. For every good deed and for every act
00:27:21of kindness, we are only given one opportunity. Every time
00:27:25you have the chance to do good, don't overlook it, because you won't
00:27:29pass this way again." Betty has promised to go back to the sky
00:27:33in two and a half years, at the age of 100, to spend
00:27:36her centenary gloriously on a flying
00:27:41machine. For the latest, always visit our social media channels and our
00:27:45website. This news segment has come to an end. Thank you for
00:27:49choosing BBC Persian.
00:27:59Jürgen Habermas was one of those philosophers
00:28:03who were greatly welcomed in Iran. Why? What
00:28:07ideas in his political philosophy gained attention
00:28:10in Iran? Habermas is not a pacifist
00:28:13at all costs. In Eastern Europe, in the late
00:28:171980s, he supported the revolutions that occurred. When it comes
00:28:21to his opinion on Israel and Palestine, we see that he becomes
00:28:24a German for whom the Holocaust is a red line,
00:28:28the only red line. In an era where free and stable
00:28:32access to is not always guaranteed, BBC Persian
00:28:35selects the best every Thursday with its weekly
00:28:39newsletter and sends it directly to your email. By subscribing
00:28:43to the BBC Persian newsletter, you will receive a collection
00:28:46of the best reports, exclusive videos, and credible
00:28:50analyses every week, and stay up-to-date with special
00:28:53editions during critical news moments. To receive
00:28:57the BBC Persian newsletter, subscribe now.
00:29:00There are also methods for obtaining
00:29:04information during internet outages. So, if we face another widespread
00:29:08and severe outage like the one what will happen? It's not unlikely at all.
00:29:12If you have internet, you can get these apps. One way is to get information from satellite
00:29:15TV receivers. Another way is to share information among mobile phone users
00:29:19without everyone having access to free internet. Seno is a good example.
00:29:23Seno is actually an internet browser that is very useful for reading news, especially
00:29:27during internet outages or disruptions. The logic is that
00:29:30users don't just read content for themselves, but when they open that content,
00:29:34it becomes available to others as well. If someone can connect
00:29:38to the internet and open content from websites like BBC Farsi with the Seno browser,
00:29:41that content enters the Seno network. Then,
00:29:45other users who have Seno, even with a limited or unstable connection,
00:29:49can receive the same content through this network. Now, with this internet outage,
00:29:52we have practically gone back many years. Bluetooth is a communication
00:29:56method that still works. Now, using the same method of the Bluetooth network,
00:30:00there are apps for messaging. One of them that has become very popular
00:30:03is the Bitchat app. It was created by Jack Dorsey, the person
00:30:07who previously launched Twitter. It is available for both Apple devices and Android.
00:30:11It is built on blockchain and its security is high. Its code is available as open source
00:30:15to technical people, which makes it more secure. And
00:30:18now, on BBC
00:30:23Farsi Television, science.
00:30:26علم.