Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:15:52If income remains constant but food prices rise day by
00:15:56day, how do nutrition specialists redesign the family's
00:16:00food basket to minimize health
00:16:04risks? Is creatine really
00:16:06as beneficial as they say? Does it have
00:16:32What has happened to Generation Z? These are the results
00:16:36of the largest test.
00:16:53When I see the charts, I get sad because I know many people's
00:16:57first reaction will be to say that Gen Z
00:17:00is less intelligent or doesn't try. So,
00:17:03is a generation truly becoming less intelligent?
00:17:09These data belong to the Program for International Student
00:17:12Assessment, or PISA. A program that started
00:17:1625 years ago. This test is held every three
00:17:20years, and now over 750,000 teenagers in 91
00:17:23countries and regions participate in the same test.
00:17:27Of course, this test is not an IQ test. Its
00:17:30goal is to see how much 15-year-olds can
00:17:34use science, math, and reading skills.
00:18:52Meanwhile, a theory by an American neuroscientist quickly went viral online.
00:18:55Why? What happened? What changed around 2012? What caused
00:18:59school education to be separated from cognitive development?
00:19:02The answer cannot be the school, because the school was the same as before.
00:19:06It cannot be biology,
00:19:13which we use in schools for education.
00:19:16His theory is that replacing textbooks
00:19:19and notebooks with tablets and laptops
00:19:23can directly affect test results.
00:19:26Also, some scientific evidence shows that compared to reading
00:19:30a book or writing on paper, using a screen
00:19:33may interfere with the brain's process
00:19:36of recording and memorizing information.
00:19:40The director of the PISA study says, "Perhaps
00:19:43we are now seeing the effect of this in the results."
00:19:47A reality that everyone sees but talks less about is
00:19:51technology itself. If we saw the same decline in all subjects,
00:19:55perhaps we would say that the quality of education has decreased. But
00:19:58that is not the issue. The sharpest decline is in reading
00:20:02skills, specifically in areas linked to the digital world.
00:20:06This decline in reading scores is one of the biggest
00:20:09declines ever recorded by researchers. The extent
00:20:13of this decline is almost equivalent to losing a
00:20:17full year of education. To be honest, the decline in reading
00:20:21skills in my own generation really worries me. I see
00:20:24this particularly among younger teenagers and Generation Z,
00:20:28those who never seemed to enjoy reading.
00:20:31This issue is frightening to me because reading is the
00:20:35foundation of almost all other subjects. Given
00:20:39all this, we might be tempted to blame
00:20:42technology in schools for all the score reductions,
00:20:45but like the COVID story, it's not that
00:20:49simple. The effect of screens on children depends on how
00:20:53they are used, what activities they replace,
00:20:57and even the child themselves. What's important is to see what
00:21:01we do on these screens and why we use them. The real
00:21:04effect should be sought there. This is another
00:21:07PISA chart. The chart shows how many hours students
00:21:11spend per day at school using digital tools for
00:21:14recreation and what this has to do with their science
00:21:18scores. The connection is quite clear. Students who
00:21:22spent a lot of time in school using technology for recreational
00:21:25purposes, such as social media or games, had
00:21:28lower scores. However,
00:21:32when we look at educational use of technology in school,
00:21:36the picture changes. Students who used
00:21:39digital tools for learning scored higher compared
00:21:43to those who did not use these tools. And if
00:21:46we look at Singapore, students in this country
00:21:50are among the best in the world in all subjects.
00:21:54The interesting point is that they also say
00:21:57they use technology in the classroom more than
00:22:01almost any other country. This very fact shows
00:22:04that the situation is not that simple.
00:22:08The director of this research says that different
00:22:11countries have incorporated technology into their educational
00:22:14systems in different ways. Many educational systems still
00:22:18lack the necessary capability and infrastructure
00:22:21for purposeful, conscious, and evidence-based use of
00:22:25technology. The reality is that it's much easier and simpler
00:22:29to distribute tablets among students and let them occupy themselves
00:22:32with them. But we shouldn't forget that the life
00:22:36of a 15-year-old is not limited to
00:22:39school. Most of them grow up in a world
00:22:43where digital tools are present in all
00:22:46its parts. Even if you completely ban technology in
00:22:50schools, students will still have access to mobile phones,
00:22:53the internet, and social networks when they get home.
00:22:57They might spend a whole day at school without technology,
00:23:00and then when they get home, if they want, they can spend
00:23:048 consecutive hours on social
00:23:06networks. In the next PISA test,
00:23:10a new section will be dedicated to how 15-year-old
00:23:13teenagers use social networks and artificial intelligence,
00:23:17but we have to wait until 2031.
00:23:21In the meantime, scientists are trying
00:23:23to understand what effect this technology
00:23:27has on all our brains, not just teenagers. In
00:23:31the past few years, concern about the effect of screens
00:23:34on concentration has increased, especially after the spread
00:23:38of new forms of content like TikTok videos, content
00:23:42designed to attract attention. However, scientific evidence
00:23:45regarding the direct effects of these technologies on our
00:23:49attention and concentration is still limited.
00:23:52Probably one of the reasons is that this phenomenon
00:23:56is relatively new, and we haven't had enough time
00:23:59to study it in detail. In fact, many questions remain unanswered,
00:24:03including this one: Does this issue only concern Generation
00:24:07Z, or not? I think if a survey
00:24:10were conducted among adults from different generations
00:24:14who regularly use social media, similar trends
00:24:17would probably be seen. It seems that the problem
00:24:21of maintaining concentration is not exclusive to Generation
00:24:24Z; other generations also struggle with it. While
00:24:28all of us are still adapting to digital life, it's
00:24:31not bad to go back to those same charts.
00:24:35What do these charts really tell us about
00:24:38Generation Z? Perhaps the only thing that can be said
00:24:41with certainty is that alongside the decline in these
00:24:45scores, the world of Generation Z has also been changing
00:24:49rapidly. Part of this trend may be related to the use of
00:24:52screens, but other factors can also play a role,
00:24:56from changes in the educational system to the COVID
00:25:00pandemic and even mental health issues among young people,
00:25:04which can affect their academic performance. The reality is
00:25:07that we are facing a combination of factors. Most likely,
00:25:11none of them alone can explain a global trend like
00:25:14what we see today.
00:30:21Headlines.
00:30:21Russia's offer to help
00:30:27end the war between Iran and America.
00:30:30Pezeshkian told Putin.