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00:00:43Welcome to Global Eyes. Every week, we bring you
00:00:46a selection of the best reports from the BBC World Service
00:00:50from a different location around the world. I'm Sami
00:00:53Awami, a BBC Africa correspondent. For the past two weeks,
00:00:57I've been in Madagascar to prepare a report.
00:01:01A place where the anger and frustration of Generation Z
00:01:05has fueled political unrest. In this program, I will explain
00:01:08the importance of these developments. Of course,
00:01:12Madagascar is not the only country struggling with protests.
00:01:15All over the world, young people are demanding
00:01:19a better life from their leaders.
00:01:22And the response of many governments has been severe violence.
00:01:25This is the Jatra highway. You see the police are shooting.
00:01:28Also, we will see a BBC report about
00:01:32one of the worst cases of police killings in the history
00:01:35of Bangladesh, amidst protests that led to the fall of the government.
00:01:39And we will go to Indonesia, where
00:01:43local residents are dealing with their villages being submerged.
00:01:46I understood that these trees can stop
00:01:50the waves and prevent erosion.
00:01:54کند.
00:02:30and only about a quarter of the people have access to electricity.
00:02:33Madagascar is also one of the youngest
00:02:36countries in the world. Until 65 years ago, it was a French
00:02:40colony, and more than half of its population is under 25
00:02:44years old.
00:02:47Since its independence, Madagascar has been caught in a cycle of coups,
00:02:51disputed elections, and economic setbacks.
00:02:54Recent protests began due to widespread power
00:02:58outages and a shortage.
00:03:33The government claimed that the crackdown was necessary to prevent foreign
00:03:37sabotage, but human rights organizations
00:03:41called the government's response disproportionate and illegal.
00:03:43دونستند.
00:03:46President Andry Rajoelina, who was previously a DJ,
00:03:50was dismissed and impeached, and the Supreme Constitutional Court
00:03:54appointed a special army chief, Kapsato, as the new
00:03:57leader.
00:04:48sworn in as president of the new military government and promised to hold new elections
00:04:51within two years. For
00:04:55the second time in just over a month, protests led
00:04:58by young people have overthrown a government, which indicates
00:05:02a wave of discontent among Generation Z
00:05:05across the globe. In Nepal,
00:05:09protests against corruption led to the storming of parliament and the resignation
00:05:16The desire for rebellion has also grown stronger in Madagascar. Young people have been
00:05:20inspired by youth movements around the world.
00:05:24Solidarity in the digital
00:05:27world has linked these seemingly disparate uprisings,
00:05:31from demands for education reform in Morocco to demonstrations
00:05:35against crime in Peru.
00:05:39Technology has led to the formation of a shared visual language.
00:05:42The emoji of clenched fists and flames, manga characters,
00:05:46and comic book heroes who fight corrupt systems.
00:05:50These symbols have become tools for mobilization.
00:05:53Memes for resistance that know no
00:05:57borders.
00:06:00The Gen Z revolution in Bangladesh has been
00:06:04profoundly impactful. In July
00:06:072024, youth anger over a controversial
00:06:10quota system for government employment led to nationwide
00:06:14demonstrations. It is estimated that during several weeks
00:06:18of unrest, about 1,400 people were killed and
00:06:21thousands were injured. But what
00:06:24really happened, and who is responsible? The BBC
00:06:28Eye team, using so-called open-source methods, has analyzed
00:06:32videos, documents, and eyewitness accounts
00:06:35to investigate one of the key days of this revolution.
00:06:38We will now see Redija's report on this.
00:06:54August 5, 2024.
00:06:57For weeks, throughout the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka,
00:07:00protests have been ongoing. Protesters are fleeing
00:07:04a hail of bullets. They are shooting continuously.
00:07:08Now is not the time to be afraid. In the Jatra
00:07:12neighborhood.
00:07:22Using unseen footage, we will uncover the narratives
00:07:25of the police, the protesters, and those responsible
00:07:29for these events. We will avenge every drop
00:07:32of spilled blood.
00:07:34گیریم.
00:07:41Bangladesh was for 15 years
00:07:43under the rule of Sheikh Hasina and the Awami League party.
00:07:47Bangladesh has always
00:07:50respected human rights.
00:07:52In my opinion, human rights
00:07:54mean people's security, the right to access
00:07:58justice, the right to vote, and the right to life. These are
00:08:01the things we protect. But in July
00:08:052024, with the return of the quota
00:08:08system in Bangladesh, protests erupted across
00:08:12the country. A law that limited
00:08:16access to government jobs.
00:08:20About 30% of jobs are allocated to the families of freedom
00:08:23fighters.
00:08:25یابد.
00:08:30Students like Russel Mahmud organized these protests.
00:08:34Seeing the discriminatory nature of the quota
00:08:37system, I realized I might become a victim of this inequality
00:08:41and not be able to get a job.
00:08:53The protests are met with violent police repression.
00:08:56شود.
00:08:58Communications are cut across the country,
00:09:01and the government orders an internet shutdown.
00:09:05صادر می
00:09:05کند.
00:09:09The government wanted to suppress this movement at all costs.
00:09:13Bijoy, a young student, becomes one of the powerful
00:09:17voices of resistance.
00:09:19Our first plan was to unite
00:09:23everyone when the internet was cut. Because there were widespread
00:09:26arrests, and we had no idea where anyone was.
00:09:29کجاست.
00:09:33I ordered all of them to be arrested tonight. Everyone
00:09:36has been informed. Arrest them wherever you find them.
00:09:39Sheikh Hasina
00:09:43orders the police and security forces to use lethal
00:09:47force.
00:09:49This leaked audio file, whose authenticity has been confirmed
00:09:53by the BBC, shows that she directed the security
00:09:57forces. I have now issued a public order. From
00:10:00now on, they will use lethal weapons. Wherever they find them,
00:10:04they will shoot.
00:10:07I'm not going anywhere without my brother. Release my brother.
00:10:11But the repression intensifies the protests.
00:10:14You can never stop this movement. We will continue to protest.
00:10:17And on August 5, protesters
00:10:21in Dhaka demand her resignation.
00:10:26Among the protesters are two friends named Shawan and Miraj.
00:10:29Miraj believed
00:10:33that change was necessary. He thought
00:10:37that the problems afflicting Bangladesh, especially
00:10:41discrimination in employment and unemployment,
00:10:44needed solutions.
00:10:46Wherever he saw injustice,
00:10:50he protested.
00:10:51میکرد.
00:10:57He and I used to see each other regularly in the neighborhood.
00:11:00His special quality was that he kept everyone
00:11:04together like a protector.
00:11:06That's why our friendship was so deep. We weren't
00:11:10just friends, we were like family. These two
00:11:13friends join the march at one of the city's
00:11:17main intersections, which is protected by a large police
00:11:21station. When we
00:11:23arrived, this place was full
00:11:27of people. It seemed like no one was
00:11:29afraid.
00:11:32What happens next leads to one of the worst cases
00:11:36of police violence in the history of Bangladesh. We have gathered
00:11:39and analyzed hundreds of videos, photos, and eyewitness
00:11:43accounts to paint an accurate picture of the events.
00:11:46This is the Jatra highway. You
00:11:49see the police are shooting. That's the sound of a single
00:11:52shot.
00:11:57At 1:05 PM, the police have left
00:12:01the station.
00:12:02شده.
00:12:07They are pushing the protesters back along the highway.
00:12:10راند.
00:12:13The protesters are pushed back. The army arrives
00:12:16and positions itself between them and the police.
00:12:20The news had spread
00:12:23that Sheikh Hasina was going to resign
00:12:27and that the army commander
00:12:30might make a speech. The army informs
00:12:33Sheikh Hasina that they cannot prevent protesters from reaching
00:12:37her residence, and she escapes
00:12:41by helicopter to a military airport at 2:25
00:12:45PM.
00:12:49Almost simultaneously, army vehicles begin to
00:12:52leave the area. But forces are still stationed
00:12:56outside the police station. Miraj and Shawan
00:12:59move towards the station.
00:13:03We were standing there watching when
00:13:06suddenly either a gas canister
00:13:10or a car tire exploded with a loud bang.
00:13:13I started
00:13:16running.
00:13:20But Miraj stays and watches the soldiers
00:13:24leaving the police station.
00:13:55I couldn't control myself.
00:13:59He was next to me moments before, and now
00:14:02he was gone. It was very
00:14:05sad.
00:14:09But for those still in the streets, the terror
00:14:13continues. At 3:27 PM,
00:14:17police retreat to a temporary army barracks, and others
00:14:20flee in civilian clothes.
00:14:23گریزند.
00:14:28As protesters enter the building, they set it on fire,
00:14:32and at least six officers are killed. Videos
00:14:35show that during the shooting, the army was only
00:14:39observing. Answer me. Why
00:14:42did they shoot? How were so many people killed in front of your eyes?
00:14:46Go see how many bodies are piled
00:14:49up.
00:15:03As the chaos subsided, one question remained:
00:15:07who is responsible? The police
00:15:10officers we interviewed claimed they were just following
00:15:13orders. We operate under a chain of command.
00:15:17Going beyond orders is not
00:15:19allowed.
00:15:22Abul Hassan, the chief of Jetrabari Police
00:15:26Station, was present at the scene during
00:15:28the killings.
00:15:31The station commander was in contact
00:15:35with higher-ranking officials.
00:15:39At that moment, he was our leader,
00:15:42and we did whatever he said. We
00:15:45were obligated to execute orders
00:15:48without question.
00:15:52Hassan has been arrested, but we have been told
00:15:56that he was receiving orders from senior officers during
00:15:59the protests. One of them was senior
00:16:03detective Harun al-Rashid, who
00:16:06in July
00:16:22Headquarters was issuing orders.
00:16:24کرد
00:16:27Nothing happens without the commissioner's order.
00:16:29The order
00:16:31to shoot was given
00:16:33by the commissioner.
00:17:09His leadership and orders led to this crackdown.
00:17:12Sheikh Hasina is now in exile.
00:17:16But in Bangladesh, a court convicted her
00:17:19of crimes against humanity and sentenced her to death.
00:17:23She vehemently denies these allegations.
00:17:26The Awami League party also denies its responsibility
00:17:30for the killing of protesters. Her trial
00:17:33is still ongoing.
00:17:38August 5 was a happy day
00:17:41for everyone.
00:17:48We comfort ourselves with the thought that
00:17:52my brother's sacrifice and blood helped
00:17:55free the country from oppression and
00:17:59build a new
00:18:00country.
00:18:39We lost so many brothers. We regained our independence,
00:18:42and I no longer feel afraid. The fear I had is completely
00:18:46gone. Now I feel more courageous.
00:19:56The use of technology by young people to launch major
00:19:59movements is not new. The Arab Spring
00:20:02and the Occupy Wall Street movement in the 2010s to inform
00:20:06to.
00:20:47reports on how local people are coping with their livelihoods disrupted
00:20:51and their homes threatened.
00:20:53هستند.
00:21:02Along the coast of northern Java, the sea is engulfing
00:21:05villages. Java, the most populous island
00:21:09in Indonesia, is home to more than half of the country's
00:21:12284 million people. It accounts for more
00:21:15than 55% of the country's economy.
00:21:17است.
00:21:20Ningsih has lived in Eretan Wetan her entire
00:21:23life.
00:21:26This once quiet fishing village has become deserted
00:21:30as its neighborhoods have been completely submerged.
00:21:32شده.
00:21:34When I was young, before I got married, there were no
00:21:38floods like this at all. It was
00:21:42dry here.
00:21:45But over the years, things have gotten worse
00:21:48and worse. This village is one of several
00:21:52struggling with severe land subsidence caused by decades
00:21:56of excessive groundwater extraction. It has also been
00:22:00affected by rising sea levels for years.
00:22:03Ningsih has witnessed floods destroy
00:22:07roads, engulf homes, and force many
00:22:11families to leave the area. Her family decided
00:22:14to stay. But this is what they face
00:22:18every day. When the high tide comes, the water
00:22:21rises this high. Everything goes
00:22:25under water, even inside the rooms.
00:22:28It usually starts rising around one or two
00:22:32in the afternoon and recedes around three or four in the morning. On the north
00:22:36coast of Java, more than 30 million people live in areas at
00:22:40risk of being submerged. Factories and industrial areas
00:22:44have replaced mangrove forests and fish farms,
00:22:47accelerating a gradual disaster
00:22:50already exacerbated by climate change.
00:22:53Experts warn that by 2050,
00:22:57a large portion of this coast may go
00:23:00underwater. The government is now building a massive
00:23:03defense system, including a 500-kilometer sea
00:23:07wall and giant pumps to contain
00:23:10the sea. But critics say these measures may
00:23:14not be enough, especially with continued development and
00:23:17coastal land reclamation. Nearly 30.
00:23:30coasts protect against erosion and storms,
00:23:34provide breeding grounds for fish and shrimp.
00:23:38Kendal has experienced the worst coastal
00:23:40erosion since
00:23:43around 2019. It was at that
00:23:47time that we really felt its severity.
00:23:51Why did this happen? Later it turned
00:23:54out that the problem was land use change.
00:23:57Coastal areas have been converted into industrial
00:24:01areas, and their land use has changed. Factories
00:24:05and ports built in the Kendal industrial zone have long
00:24:08been accused of destroying coastal mangroves,
00:24:11a claim that officials deny. They say
00:24:15land subsidence was a serious problem long before
00:24:19the factories were built. But with the loss of natural barriers,
00:24:22the sea began to engulf the land.
00:24:24کرد.
00:24:27The government has denied the claim that industrial areas are the root
00:24:30cause of the problem, saying that the subsidence of Java's
00:24:34coastal areas is primarily a natural process. However,
00:24:37Wasito has seen this destruction firsthand and decided to take
00:24:40action. We decided
00:24:44to plant mangroves there. When
00:24:47the first trees grew, and gradually
00:24:50the surrounding area filled up, local people got excited
00:24:54and joined me. When I
00:24:58saw the trees grow and the sand stopped
00:25:01there, I realized these trees could block
00:25:05the waves and prevent erosion.
00:25:09Since 2006, Wasito and his neighbors have planted
00:25:13thousands of mangrove trees, creating a living wall to stop
00:25:16the sea's advance. This forest now
00:25:20stretches along the coast, protecting people's homes
00:25:23and livelihoods. But with further land development, the remaining
00:25:27mangrove areas are rapidly disappearing.
00:25:31If the entire coast becomes industrial, the remaining protected
00:25:34areas need special attention,
00:25:38دارند
00:25:40otherwise the damage will not be limited
00:25:44to the coastline
00:25:44only.
00:25:48As it continues to rise.
00:25:51Climate change communities living on the subsiding
00:25:55coasts of Java are trying to protect their
00:25:58land.
00:26:01Thank you for being with me in Madagascar. We look forward
00:26:05to your comments on Global Eye. Write to us on social media
00:26:09with the hashtag BBC Global Eye. Next
00:26:12week, we will be with you from Peru. Goodbye.
00:27:57received a notification on twitter of someone
00:28:00requesting grock to put me. a microkini so they
00:28:04kept like requesting different things until
00:28:08grock actually created a nude of
00:28:10me.
00:28:16this is the picture that i uploaded on twitter, it's a
00:28:19picture of me and my cat. the next morning when i woke up the
00:28:23photo had some unusual activity on it, there were
00:28:27more likes and more comments than
00:28:29usual.
00:28:41It was really scary because of how real those
00:28:44photos looked and in my mind I was like, what if someone sends
00:28:48this image to someone at my work or to my family
00:28:52or to my friends, so it was just like moments
00:28:55of pure
00:28:56horror.
00:29:08one week after that, i entered an elevator and it
00:29:11was only man inside of the elevator, the thoughts that
00:29:15i had at that time, like thinking that they could
00:29:19have seen the photos or that they could have made the
00:29:22photos. everything that i've done ever since, it's really
00:29:26considering that some people did this to
00:29:29me.
00:29:50The satellite broadcasting of BBC Persian TV programs
00:29:54will gradually change. Eutelsat frequency 11
00:29:57304 from June 5, Hot Bird
00:30:00transponder 89.
00:30:17And Yahsat satellite frequency 11996
00:30:21transponder 15. Stay with us on BBC
00:30:25Persian, wherever
00:30:26you are.
00:30:33And now on BBC Persian TV, current
00:30:37issues.
00:30:39Is Iranian culture a suitable ground for violence?
00:30:43Can it be said that insensitivity to violence in public
00:30:46or the use of verbal violence are among
00:30:50the signs of violence in Iranian
00:30:53culture?