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00:00:23lands of Belarus, and
00:00:26it included lands of five administrative...
00:00:30districts, although the largest area is represented by Khoyniki,
00:00:33Bragin and Narovlya. Approximately
00:00:36750 people currently work
00:00:39in the organization, and of these, just over 650
00:00:42fall into the staff category. These are all
00:00:45specialists who carry out activities
00:00:48to maintain this territory as a safe
00:00:50object.
00:00:58Thanks to the decisions made at the state
00:01:01level, approaches to overcoming
00:01:04the consequences of the accident were formed, which made it possible to organize
00:01:08life taking into account the radiation aspects of neighboring
00:01:12territories. The territory was initially divided
00:01:15into such blocks: the first is
00:01:19directly the exclusion zone, which is 47 hectares, according to which, according
00:01:23to the scenario, the return of people is not foreseen. About
00:01:27107 hectares is the resettlement zone,
00:01:30which, according to the scenario, when decontamination measures are carried
00:01:33out, was planned to be returned to circulation, and the rest
00:01:37of the territory is the zone of strict radiation
00:01:39control.
00:01:43Work was carried out by August, that is, 107
00:01:46settlements were resettled from the entire territory covering three
00:01:50administrative districts: Khoyniki, Bragin, and Narovlya. As
00:01:54a result, approximately 2020
00:01:56people were evacuated, and work
00:01:58was carried out directly on
00:02:02cattle transfer, on decontamination of settlements.
00:02:05A large number of military personnel and law enforcement agencies
00:02:08were involved in this, which undoubtedly led to such
00:02:11positive results, that the population
00:02:15reduced additional radiation doses.
00:02:18In the acute period after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant,
00:02:21approximately 92 settlements
00:02:24were resettled from the territory of the Reserve. This is not much, not
00:02:28little, 22...
00:02:31people. 27 farms operated on the territory of the reserve,
00:02:34of which 14 were state farms and 13 were collective farms.
00:02:38The territory was largely agricultural, highly developed,
00:02:41therefore the accident at the Chernobyl
00:02:44nuclear power plant is more agricultural,
00:02:46since its impact and consequences
00:02:50directly affected
00:02:51the territories of rural settlements.
00:02:55At the current moment,
00:02:58the villages of the reserve represent an anthropogenic landscape that
00:03:02is constantly under the influence of the development of plant
00:03:05species, that is, their gradual absorption is taking place.
00:03:10Our work shows that there is a gradual replacement
00:03:13of anthropogenic species, of synanthropic species
00:03:17with forest-forming species, that is, over time we
00:03:20will see that the reserve will change towards
00:03:24such a wild territory, which is important for the preservation
00:03:27of protected species.
00:04:00is a unique territory where the processes
00:04:03of ecosystem restoration are monitored. Immediately
00:04:07after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, with
00:04:10state support, efforts were made to minimize the release
00:04:14of radionuclides into adjacent territories. This was a primary task,
00:04:17which at the current moment also remains crucial for this
00:04:20institution. It included the creation
00:04:24of a complex of measures to prevent
00:04:28the discharge of radionuclides into the Pripyat and Dnieper,
00:04:31especially in the areas adjacent to the reserve.
00:04:35Accordingly, all these works led to the creation of a unique
00:04:39environment that allowed ecosystems to
00:04:41develop under natural conditions. As
00:04:45a result of monitoring research programs,
00:04:48international projects, we
00:04:51found that today, for example, 272 species
00:04:54of vascular plants grow in the reserve, of
00:04:57which 48 are included in the Red Book.
00:05:05the safety of this territory is
00:05:08the creation of forest plantations, therefore
00:05:11afforestation,
00:05:33for the sale of planting material and introduced
00:05:37tree species to the population with a closed root system, the reserve
00:05:40acquires clean soil, which is used for growing
00:05:44planting material. For afforestation
00:05:47and reforestation activities,
00:05:50the reserve annually creates just over 300 hectares of forest
00:05:54cultures, for the entire
00:05:56post-Chernobyl period, about 12,000
00:06:00hectares have been created, which undoubtedly positively affects,
00:06:03let's say, the retention of radionuclides in the event
00:06:07of any emergency
00:06:08situations,
00:06:11fires. on the territory of the reserve has its own specifics,
00:06:15since it involves, when
00:06:18burning forest combustible materials, the activity
00:06:21of radionuclides. Volumetric activity is reduced by
00:06:25100 times per 1 km of forest-covered area. This
00:06:29indicates that the higher the forest cover of this territory,
00:06:32the minimal will be the transfer of radionuclides over long
00:06:35distances.
00:06:38To eliminate radioactive forest trophic fires, three
00:06:41fire-chemical stations have been created on the territory
00:06:44of the reserve, two second-type stations and one first-type
00:06:48station. The first type
00:06:51implies maximum equipment
00:06:53and the ability to eliminate not only fires that occur in the forest
00:06:57fund, but also fires that
00:06:59are associated with the Babchin facilities, where almost
00:07:03the entire infrastructure of the reserve is located.
00:07:07Khoyniki section. Approximately 64
00:07:10people work at the fire-chemical stations, who on
00:07:14a permanent basis monitor fires, assess fires in the forest
00:07:18fund. The fund of the reserve is quite large, it is about
00:07:21217.
00:07:25And within this territory, a specialized network of observation
00:07:28towers has been organized, which are used
00:07:31for triangulation methods to detect forest
00:07:34fires. Especially dangerous for the territory
00:07:38of the Reserve are peat fires,
00:07:40because of the swamps.
00:11:02Undoubtedly, the radiation situation for a number
00:11:05of isotopes is improving, for example, for such
00:11:09elements as 137 cesium and strontium 90,
00:11:12it has improved, that is, we currently have about 58%
00:11:16for the first element, and about
00:11:1962% for the second. Due to natural decay, the activity
00:11:22has decreased, and the situation is also improving
00:11:25for 241 plutonium isotopes, that is, about 84%
00:11:29of it has already decayed. However, given that
00:11:33the current radiation situation is also formed
00:11:37by such isotopes as 239,
00:11:40238, 240 plutonium isotopes, as well
00:11:43as 241 and Americium isotopes, their
00:11:46half-lives range from 87 years
00:11:49to 24,000 years, which means we are talking about the fact that we
00:11:53will still have them for a long time...
00:12:30at each site, samples are taken
00:12:33covering both abiotic
00:12:36and biotic factors, accordingly, their
00:12:40volume ranges from 80 to 120
00:12:44samples per say, each cycle
00:12:47of radiation situation assessment at the site, each
00:12:51site is determined by typology.
00:12:56and in order for
00:12:59the assessment of radiation and ecological monitoring
00:13:03to be adequate, these sites are distributed in the
00:13:06most representative types of forest, they
00:13:10cover a range from 60 to 80%
00:13:14of the representation of such areas in the reserve.
00:13:17each scientific department goes to its
00:13:21own or...
00:13:55Belarusian scientists, but also international ones, that is,
00:13:58publications are formed and
00:14:02thanks to these
00:14:05data, accordingly, an assessment
00:14:08of the processes that occur generally on this
00:14:12closed
00:14:12territory is formed.
00:14:17Scientific activity is connected with the implementation
00:14:20of five-year programs, we are already
00:14:23implementing the eighth program, each program consists
00:14:27of two blocks, a routine monitoring block that we conduct for forest
00:14:31ecosystems, we also conduct a monitoring block for
00:14:34changes in the meteorological situation, changes
00:14:37in the migratory capacity of radionuclides in the soil, this is such a long-term
00:14:41monitoring that has been conducted for some issues since
00:14:451987, here we take
00:14:48the department of ecology of plant complexes, all this natural
00:14:51science work is based on the study of plant ecosystems,
00:15:25This is a block on biological
00:15:27diversity,
00:15:33and here are mostly scientific samples,
00:15:37first of all it is soil, and
00:15:40biological samples that were taken
00:15:44directly from vegetation, these
00:15:47samples undergo the final stage
00:15:50of sample preparation for further determination
00:15:54of radionuclides of cesium
00:15:571379 isotope in plutonium and
00:16:00241 Americium by spectrometric
00:16:03or radiochemical methods.
00:16:11The laboratory of spectrometry and radiochemistry, its
00:16:14activity is primarily related
00:16:17to the assessment of the content in
00:16:21environmental objects, we carry out this work on
00:16:25a permanent basis, depending on the year, from 3 to 8 thousand samples
00:16:28pass through this department.
00:16:32Currently, we determine the specific activity
00:16:35of 137 cesium in commercial timber,
00:16:39as a result of spectrometric analysis, a value
00:16:43of 235 per kilogram was registered
00:16:46in this sample, which corresponds to the republican permissible levels and
00:16:49allows this timber to be used for its intended
00:16:51purpose.
00:16:59The idea of involving these lands or somehow compensating
00:17:03costs was at the very origin of the organization's
00:17:06formation. However, in all
00:17:09decisions that determined the development of activities, there is undoubtedly
00:17:12a radiation factor, that is, we are talking about those types of activities
00:17:16that are experimental and economic, which have taken root and
00:17:20give some accompanying result, well, it cannot be said that it is key for
00:17:24the organization, but nevertheless, the task of these types
00:17:27of activities was
00:17:29to obtain results, including their scientific support,
00:17:33which can be applied to conditionally clean territories where the population lives.
00:17:38The forest comes to us from logging from an experimental
00:17:42farm, it goes to the workshop, with
00:17:45all compliance with the standards, all requirements are met,
00:17:49and some wood goes to our sawmill, where it
00:17:52is sawn into edged and unedged boards, beams,
00:17:56some of the wood goes to the carpentry shop for the manufacture
00:17:59of carpentry products, and then the
00:18:02products that we have go to the domestic market, to the foreign
00:18:06market, that is, for...
00:18:37work with multi-operational machines that we
00:18:41have been importing in recent years, well, that is, the level of mechanization is being increased,
00:18:44which undoubtedly positively affects
00:18:47the radiation doses of personnel who perform this
00:18:50work.
00:19:00If we take, for example, beekeeping, then questions such as
00:19:03transfer coefficients to vegetation were worked out.
00:19:08These are transfer coefficients to products,
00:19:11honey, these are the densities
00:19:14of contamination and what types of radionuclides, under which it is possible
00:19:17to obtain normatively clean products, that is, these points are
00:19:21largely taken into account at the current
00:19:24moment, an experimental beekeeping
00:19:27farm has been organized on the territory of the Reserve as one of the measures
00:19:30for the involvement and rehabilitation of this territory, however,
00:19:34it should be taken into account that for its organization, there was...
00:19:51depending on the year, we produce up to 10 tons of products, and in general, it complies with the permissible republican levels. The task of this
00:19:54direction is to obtain results, conducting
00:19:57beekeeping in radioactively contaminated territories, and these
00:20:01results can be applied as a consequence for conditionally clean
00:20:05territories where the population lives.
00:20:50receive normatively clean
00:20:52products.
00:20:55Starting from 1996, within
00:20:58the framework of the Head of State's instructions,
00:21:01experimental horse breeding was created
00:21:05on the territory of the Reserve as one of the types
00:21:09of experimental activity. First of all, it is aimed
00:21:12at considering the possibility of breeding
00:21:15the Russian Heavy Draft breed in this
00:21:18territory. Our horses participate
00:21:22in republican and international competitions,
00:21:25this idea, as one of the measures
00:21:29of possible use, has the right to exist,
00:21:32since areas with minimum
00:21:35radioactive contamination density are involved, all
00:21:38horses also undergo monitoring, chipping,
00:21:42are entered into a single republican
00:21:45database, therefore, in general, the work
00:21:48undoubtedly has
00:24:44Digital cooperation, increased exports, direct
00:24:47flights between Belarus and Saudi Arabia are reaching
00:24:51a fundamentally new level of economic
00:24:54cooperation. The first railway route connected Belarus and
00:24:57Uzbekistan. The Slavic Caravan project will speed up freight
00:25:00traffic by rail. From tasting to competition, Bakers' Tractor
00:25:04Show, Grodno region invites you to the Bread Festival. What is the recipe
00:25:08for that very daddy's bun? And what is the secret of the popularity of
00:25:10Karavai-fest? Expert's opinion. Circulation
00:25:14of 2,000 copies, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus presented the English version of the book
00:25:18Our President. And for new knowledge to the top of the
00:25:22planet, a gymnasium student from Vitebsk will go to
00:25:23the North Pole on an atomic
00:25:33icebreaker. Editors' club. Western
00:25:36vaccines are somehow correct, and Russian
00:25:40ones are incorrect, all these vaccines
00:25:42were launched, let's say, into production for
00:25:46use literally off the wheels. We will still
00:25:49see the consequences. What happened with COVID is such
00:25:53a story, precisely with the preparation
00:26:49buy. But what are you? Don't miss on Belarus