Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:01:54We are going on a reconnaissance mission to the Belarusian hinterland to
00:01:57find out how former city dwellers live there.
00:02:03They and her husband had no plans at all to move to the village to grow
00:02:06grapes, then suddenly my father dies
00:02:09unexpectedly, it turns out next to
00:02:12his house there is a huge vineyard, and it remains. Very soon the Belarusian
00:02:16spring showed them its character, about 40%
00:02:19froze to death. Despite everything, they did not give up, on the contrary,
00:02:23they decided to expand. I came and showed him a paper and said that I had taken
00:02:26the land, now they have three large plots, a lot of grapes,
00:02:30strawberries and blueberries. Immediately after moving to the village, our
00:02:33heroes had a misfortune. I fell
00:02:37from the roof during installation. Yes, I broke three spinal processes.
00:02:41The eldest son did not understand his parents and stayed to live in
00:02:44the city. Why do you need this, villages, you are always
00:02:47attached to this. A little later it turned out that there was
00:02:51another very serious problem. We have no road, we
00:02:55cannot deliver fodder, we cannot bring hay, we cannot
00:02:58bring straw. because the road is simply washed away, the road
00:03:02consists of clay. Despite everything, they believe in a bright
00:03:05future and arrange their life, watch in
00:03:09the project "I am from the village" on the TV channel
00:03:12Belarus24.
00:03:17A view from Minsk on what is happening in the world, the most notable events
00:03:21and topics that are discussed. Today, the Republic
00:03:24of Belarus has been ensuring its own food security for several
00:03:28decades, and we are a significant player in the international food
00:03:32market. A scientifically based structure of cultivated
00:03:35areas is in place, which is different for each region,
00:03:38adapted to soil-climatic, natural
00:03:41conditions. Today, all developments, all our varieties
00:03:45of crops that are grown here, are unique, they are
00:03:49adapted to our conditions. In a short period
00:03:52of time, we have done what Western European breeding
00:03:56schools have been doing for decades. Grodno and Samarkand
00:04:00regions signed a roadmap for cooperation during the visit of the delegation
00:04:03of Uzbekistan to the regional center. The document cemented
00:04:06joint plans in trade, industry, agriculture,
00:04:10tourism, as well as in education and the humanitarian sphere. Belarus
00:04:13is ready to increase supplies of meat and dairy products to
00:04:16Kazakhstan. Students of the Faculty of Applied Mathematics and
00:04:20Informatics of BSU won six gold medals
00:04:23at the 33rd International Mathematical Olympiad in
00:04:27Bulgaria. Made in Belarus continues to conquer
00:04:30foreign buyers. A branded Belarusian ice cream
00:04:33store opened at the end of May is already a success.
00:04:36A look from Minsk every Saturday on the TV channel
00:04:40Belarus
00:04:4024.
00:04:44Women, of course, are respected in any country, valued
00:04:48in any country, and also in Azerbaijan. In Azerbaijan,
00:04:51women generally love themselves, they take great
00:04:54care of themselves, and women are always on a pedestal, at the top,
00:04:58they should always be.
00:05:12this leads to energy, just that from which everything originated,
00:05:16feminine energy was the most important thing. If you look at our temple
00:05:19architecture, then there will be a woman, she will be
00:05:23the main woman, well, I don't
00:05:26know, it's given by God a creation, without a woman
00:05:29nowhere, so may God grant women health,
00:05:33well-being, so that they are loved and carried in
00:05:36their arms.
00:06:03By the seashore, a bog oak, yes, yes, in our history it is so,
00:06:07a golden chain on the concrete oak, before you is real
00:06:10Belarusian black gold. Bog oak, the riddle
00:06:13lies in the name itself. A tree
00:06:16that has been bogged down in water for centuries without oxygen. Its uniqueness is that in the world it
00:06:20is a scarce resource, in Belarus, according to forecasts, hundreds of thousands
00:06:24of cubic meters. So we came to Gomel to see how
00:06:27history is literally raised from the bottom
00:06:29of the river.
00:06:33The Sozh river keeps secrets for millennia, this time on its
00:06:36surface there is a TV inspection, and the mysterious water depth under
00:06:39the journalistic gaze becomes clearer. The map
00:06:43shows all the points where underwater
00:06:46work was carried out, all movement routes,
00:06:49each flag indicates a dive, this is the flag
00:06:53of underwater operations, on the map you can see which
00:06:57section of the river was processed in order to
00:07:00raise this bog oak. More than four hundred points are marked on
00:07:04the map for each
00:07:05dive.
00:07:10Among recent finds, you will see them on the bank. Relict
00:07:13underwater oak forest, the weight of one trunk reaches almost
00:07:1615 tons, to understand the scale by weight, it's like
00:07:20one gray whale, and the oldest find is about
00:07:23600 years old. Let's dig deeper, how are bog oaks
00:07:27extracted? Divers descend to a depth of up to ten meters, in
00:07:30the darkness among silt and sand, they free the trunks from the soil,
00:07:34secure the cables, then it's the work of
00:07:36machinery.
00:07:43and, of course, human hands. The machinery lifts the trunks, but
00:07:47only a person finds, evaluates and decides. There are no random people here, there are those who know
00:07:50the river like the back of their hand, those who feel the bottom even without
00:07:54touching it. Bog oak itself
00:07:58is a unique material. Look, it lay under water
00:08:01for thousands and thousands of years, and
00:08:05at the same time it is very versatile, it has
00:08:08different densities from 350 to
00:08:111000.
00:08:42whose age has been confirmed by radiocarbon analysis, that is
00:08:458,110
00:08:47years.
00:08:50Over decades of work, specialists have raised thousands of trunks, but
00:08:54each of them is unique: some amaze with age, others
00:08:57with their pattern, and I can say that I have
00:09:01the most interesting oak that was found, the lifted length
00:09:05is 35-37 m, more than a decade, we only lifted such a
00:09:08long trunk from the water, the calculation
00:09:12for its... height was more than 50 m. In the cross-section of a bog oak
00:09:15we found woodworms
00:09:18that saw mammoths, all sorts of
00:09:22utensils, thousand-year-old dishes, mammoth teeth,
00:09:25this is the skull of a woolly rhinoceros, we
00:09:28lifted it from the bottom of the Sozh about 3 years ago, they died
00:09:32out 10,000 years ago, according to
00:09:34information from the Academy of Sciences, this
00:09:37was a young rhinoceros, its skull was preserved
00:09:41only because it got stuck in clay and
00:09:44the clay helped it, so to speak,
00:09:47to be preserved. Gold on the bottom in Belarusian, and
00:09:50now bog oak on the surface, but this is only
00:09:53the beginning of a long journey. Once in an oxygen environment, wet
00:09:57wood without special treatment can crack and
00:10:00turn into ordinary firewood. On the other
00:10:03bank, this picture. Work, if it can
00:10:07be called that, of non-professionals, incorrectly processed material
00:10:10literally thrown away.
00:10:13heritage.
00:10:17Returning to the right track, each trunk is immediately cleaned of
00:10:21silt, packed in airtight film, marked.
00:10:25We could determine that this marked
00:10:28material corresponds to this trunk, for example, it is
00:10:3220, 22 meters, 23 for this
00:10:35trunk, it corresponds to this. So I
00:10:39see something here, this is trunk number six, number six,
00:10:42okay, understood, mm-hmm, good.
00:10:45Then the question of drying, the question of drying is
00:10:48also such a question, it's necessary that it
00:10:52doesn't warp, that mold doesn't form, sometimes it's necessary...
00:11:03which at the start reaches 200%, must
00:11:06leave, in return a pattern will appear. Bog oak, it's
00:11:10100 years old, over these millennia, this is like
00:11:14a passport, a historical passport of a tree, by it
00:11:18you can tell when there were extremely cold
00:11:21winters, various climatic changes that directly affected
00:11:25the growth of floodplain oak forests, you can determine the level of
00:11:28groundwater, the duration of drought
00:11:31or floods, it's like -
00:11:35a stamp through
00:11:35time.
00:11:42What can we say about this cut, about this cut,
00:11:45the first cut - you can't understand anything, well, that is,
00:11:48look at the first color, I can just tell you by the color that
00:11:52this trunk is at least 3,000 years old, at least.
00:12:10Well, that means it had everything it needed in life, so it's a good specimen,
00:12:13yes. The next cut will be taken for analysis, everything is done in
00:12:17field conditions, because the wood must
00:12:20retain its moisture. Well, then, let's go, let's go
00:12:23look.
00:12:28The holy of holies from the cut, we immediately
00:12:32move on to science. In field
00:12:34conditions, here in the field laboratory, precise
00:12:38science is born, not from textbooks, but from living cuts, from the texture that
00:12:41has preserved the memory of every drought and every flood. All
00:12:45this while the tree still breathes the moisture of the river. I
00:12:48prepare cuts, here in a day I prepare
00:12:51five or six samples of cuts, this is...
00:13:25from logging, melioration, and wars. Their share in the country's forests
00:13:28has decreased to a historical minimum. This is a real
00:13:32mini-forest where planting material is grown to restore oak groves.
00:13:36Here, in field conditions, scientists not only study ancient DNA, but also
00:13:40model future plantings. In this
00:13:43jar you can see - successfully grown
00:13:46oaks, which are now in the process of rooting. This
00:13:50is a very complex process that requires an individual approach to each
00:13:54tree. Here, both regimes and cloning
00:13:57methods are selected individually. Here it's time to talk about what
00:14:01any tree starts with - the root. Water washed out the soft
00:14:04fibers, mineral salts made it hard as stone. Each
00:14:08such specimen is a finished sculpture of nature, though with a
00:14:11remark, it looks like even on your hand, it's like
00:14:15coal - and what gives it such a color?
00:14:18It's the reaction of tannins in the water,
00:14:21tannins interact,
00:14:25and they are precisely what allow the wood
00:14:29to be preserved. You will see how
00:14:32a product could be obtained, here it is, the material, exactly from
00:14:35such material you will then be able to look at
00:14:39the product, although you see, here it is, here it is, you see, how to
00:14:43make a product from it that can be used in
00:14:46everyday life, here is a natural
00:14:50bog oak root, about 3,000 years old,
00:14:54was extracted from...
00:15:38From bog oak they create things that live for centuries: furniture,
00:15:41sculptures, icons, desk sets. Each product is
00:15:44unique, because it is impossible to repeat the pattern created
00:15:48by nature over millennia. The master doesn't just work with wood, he
00:15:52listens to it, feels it and transforms it into art, it's like
00:15:55frozen history that can be touched. Every product made of
00:15:59bog oak is a true relic. Our main clients
00:16:02are, of course, Belarus and the Russian Federation
00:16:06to the countries of the Arab world,
00:16:09it is starting to gain popularity there, this
00:16:13sculpture was made from a tree
00:16:1612 m long, the tree was very loose
00:16:19and this is all that could be carved
00:16:23from a twelve-meter trunk, as the trunk was processed, we
00:16:26saw that it would turn into a bear, the weight of
00:16:29any massive products made of bog oak is very large, they
00:16:33start from 100 kg and can reach
00:16:37a ton. By the way, it is precisely by color that specialists can determine the age of the tree.
00:16:40The older the oak, the darker its heartwood, from dark brown to
00:16:44almost black, sometimes with unexpected iridescence, which
00:16:47resembles either amber or noble metal. This is not just wood, but
00:16:51a work of art that does not require framing. Nature itself
00:16:55took care to ensure that each specimen was
00:16:58one of a kind. The stand presents
00:17:02samples up to 6,000 years old, each
00:17:05blank is individual in weight, yes, this one.
00:17:20Well, it's definitely worth saying that color doesn't
00:17:24always reflect age, because if
00:17:28bog oak was raised from a different deposition environment, where
00:17:31there is a different mineral, mineral composition, the process
00:17:35of bogging will proceed completely
00:17:37differently.
00:17:43Then begins the long, step-by-step journey to the warehouse, where
00:17:47the process of controlled drying is launched. This is a whole science,
00:17:50developed by Belarusian specialists. First, the humidity
00:17:53is lowered to 100% in conditions of almost 100%
00:17:57air humidity. In order to preserve it well, it is necessary
00:18:01to create certain storage conditions. Look,
00:18:05first of all, how it is all laid out. Here the thickness
00:18:08of the spans, spacings,
00:18:11intervals, dark environment,
00:18:14is specially calculated. Here, please, this is from the 23rd year
00:18:18of extraction, everything is marked
00:18:20here, I can show you
00:18:23the marking, this blue
00:18:27marking corresponds to the parameters of radiocarbon
00:18:31analysis. Only after going through all these years and stages does the bog oak
00:18:34begin its second life, the moisture leaves and
00:18:37that very pattern appears, which nature created
00:18:41for millennia. This is a trunk
00:18:44of a seven-thousand-year-old bog oak, sawn into
00:18:48such large slabs.
00:18:50Length 8 m, width, in the narrowest
00:18:54part 60-80 cm, in the
00:18:58widest part 1.20 m, 1.30 m.
00:19:02So, in this one slab
00:19:04there is a cubic meter of material. We have not observed such analogues
00:19:08anywhere in the world. I can say that these cracks are natural
00:19:12cracks that were formed many, many thousands of years
00:19:15ago, but in general there are no peripheral cracks
00:19:19at all, not a single one, look, pay attention, not a single
00:19:22fresh one, this indicates that it is well dried, well, and
00:19:26as they say, there is a lot of sand, here it is, here it is,
00:19:30please, a simple example, here is the sand, right here,
00:19:34this is death to cutting tools, you see,
00:19:38here it is. Did you know that Belarus has a national
00:19:41treasure that you can touch? This is the Xylotheque
00:19:44of BNTU, the only one in the country and the largest in Eastern Europe,
00:19:48a collection of wood, over 7,000 samples.
00:19:51The heart of the collection are samples of bog oak, they are arranged in 22
00:19:55rows by age, from several centuries to 11
00:19:58thousand years, that's how long the tree spent in water to
00:20:02acquire its unique properties. We can, of course,
00:20:05boast a little about our collection of bog oak, because we
00:20:09have 286 samples,
00:20:12the oldest sample that we currently
00:20:15have in the xylotheque is a sample of bog oak
00:20:18aged 10,500
00:20:20years. This sample,
00:20:24well, if you look at it,
00:20:28touch it, it's very hard and somewhat
00:20:31even resembles plastic, but in fact it's a transitional
00:20:34state of wood into coal. The artist named Time
00:20:38worked on this canvas for millennia, its palette from
00:20:42chocolate to anthracite, with oak as the canvas, which fell into
00:20:46the river when man was just beginning to write history, and this canvas does not
00:20:50have copies, there are few such patterns in the world, this is
00:20:53not just wood, but frozen time that nature
00:20:56created for centuries, such a unique resource as bog oak.