Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00has made me light or a feather. Cinema 14
00:00:04presents: eight men and one woman.
00:00:07Sunday,
00:00:09105 hours.
00:00:11A woman was able to overcome two universes dominated by
00:00:15men. Her intelligence and her character made her overcome
00:00:18obstacles that seemed impossible. Highlight that
00:00:22she is a survivor woman in a world of
00:00:25men.
00:00:52During the next two years, Malinsin had a certain
00:00:56tranquility, but Cortés's plans would change that situation.
00:01:01Seeking to punish Cristóbal de Olid, one of his rebellious
00:01:04men, the Spanish captain decided to arm an expedition to
00:01:08Las Hibueras, in present-day Honduras, and
00:01:11Cortés, as always, needed Doña Marina by his
00:01:14side.
00:01:19Many said that Malinsin went to the expedition by force,
00:01:23but being a person with power, it is hard to think that they could
00:01:26force her. Most likely, she negotiated the trip with
00:01:40by then Mexico City as they constructed the new city and she was essential
00:01:44as a translator, she would have had every reason to
00:01:47say, no, I'm not going, and if he had
00:01:51forced her, if he had dragged her off, we would know that. Well, what
00:01:55could possibly have made woman who
00:02:00woman, the type of we have the archetype of was, one of the most powerful people in the hemisphere, decide to leave her? son, the life that she was forging, it seems pretty
00:02:04clear, if you look at those set of circumstances around that
00:02:07moment, that she demanded a spanish husband, legal
00:02:10husband, because in in being married legally and in
00:02:13court and in church to a spanyard, she would then have the
00:02:17power of a Spanish lady and could protect herself and her children
00:02:21forever,
00:02:24before arriving in Oluta, her birthplace,
00:02:27Malinsin married Juan Jaramillo. One of the
00:02:30captains of Cortés's first group. The union
00:02:35women of the past can help us to implied a special request to the conqueror, a gift that would turn Malintzin into
00:02:39the fourth indigenous person to receive an
00:02:42encomienda.
00:02:46Asked for a wedding present, that is very interesting. She asked
00:02:49to be given Olutla, the village that she came
00:02:52from, as her encomienda so that she would
00:02:56rule the people that she
00:02:59figure of amongst whom she was born.
00:03:04gloves because we are going to With the
00:03:05dissolve the dye with marriage, she began to have legal
00:03:08rights, she was finally a free
00:03:11woman.
00:03:20The expedition continued its exhausting
00:03:23place, with march towards
00:03:23Las Hibueras.
00:03:31Fatigue, diseases and hunger caused discouragement
00:03:34to take hold of the Bud. In that
00:03:38painful situation,
00:03:41the the the prince, one of Malintzin was the one who paved
00:03:43once we have dissolved the dye with the way by negotiating with the
00:03:44the turpentine we are going to local Mayans who informed them and brought them
00:03:47supplies.
00:03:50Upon reaching Halachó, terrible events were added to the tragic
00:03:54expedition. Cortés had brought with him
00:03:57Cuauhtémoc, tlatoani, and surrendered. Tenochtitlan
00:04:01to Tetlepanquetzal, lord of Tacuba. It was
00:04:05during a stop in Halachó when, fearing
00:04:08a rebellion of the local indigenous people promoted by the imprisoned
00:04:12nobles, he ordered the execution of
00:04:16we start to both.
00:04:24Malinsin attended the last words of the
00:04:27tlatoani, although he was the ruler of...
00:04:30enemies, the death of the leader must have
00:04:32affected her, the time,
00:04:46she was the last person to hear Cuauhtémoc speak,
00:04:50the only one who heard his last
00:04:52words,
00:05:00she continued under ominous
00:05:01omens.
00:05:08It was then when interrogating some women
00:05:12she found out that some Spaniards were camping in Nito two days from
00:05:16there.
00:05:22The arrival at the Spanish camp showed the futility of the
00:05:25expedition.
00:05:34The rebel Cristóbal de Olid had died and his men
00:05:38lay mostly victims of wounds and
00:05:40diseases.
00:05:45The discouragement was devastating,
00:05:57the supposed enemies were little more than
00:05:59specters, men without leader or hope,
00:06:03but men who had the greatest treasure in those
00:06:07circumstances.
00:06:19Cortés did not waste time, that
00:06:21weak group had a ship and another Spanish
00:06:25vessel was approaching the coast, joining the
00:06:27fleet. The expedition had been a resounding
00:06:31failure, but not all was
00:06:33lost.
00:06:36Malintzin, exhausted, finally saw a way to return with her
00:06:40son. During the return to Mexico
00:06:43City, the Spaniards made a stop on the coast of Honduras and in
00:06:47Cuba and during those long months,
00:06:50Malintzin gave birth to María Jaramillo, a girl
00:06:54who would be born and live free and with
00:06:56rights. Back in Mexico City, the
00:07:00council granted land to Jaramillo and, as specified
00:07:03in the acts, his wife Doña
00:07:06Marina, something extraordinary for the time that
00:07:09demonstrates the importance that both Spaniards and
00:07:13indigenous people
00:07:14gave to Malintzin.
00:07:17But all these titles, encomiendas and notarial acts
00:07:21would be lost
00:07:22forever.
00:07:30The 1520s were chaotic in Mexico
00:07:33City.
00:07:37All the Spaniards of New Spain were involved in lawsuits
00:07:41over their properties, the notarial
00:07:44documents attested to the lawsuits were the
00:07:47legal weapon for the litigants, it was
00:07:50a turbulent time where Malinsin and Jaramillo were not
00:07:54excluded and litigated for their
00:07:56rights,
00:08:01but as would happen to most of the notarial
00:08:04records of that decade, the documents that told us about
00:08:08these lawsuits of Malinsin burned in a terrible.
00:08:20Once again, the lack of records blurred the history of
00:08:23this extraordinary woman.
00:08:34Two years after returning from Las Hibueras, Malinsin
00:08:38would suffer what was a great pain in her life.
00:08:42Cortés, seeking to give his son a future,
00:08:45decided to take Martín to Spain
00:08:49to legitimize him before the Pope and admit him to the Order of
00:08:52Santiago. Marina, we have to
00:08:56leave, we have a long journey to
00:08:59Spain. The person she loved the most, the one
00:09:03to whom she had dedicated all her efforts, was
00:09:07going to a distant and unknown country, the
00:09:10land of people who were not her own.
00:09:25Come on, Martín. died,
00:09:59but it most likely was in 1528, certainly the
00:10:03late 1520s, okay, um, because the
00:10:06municipal records, the cabilo de mexico, of early
00:10:101829 refer to the fact that she was all dead um
00:10:13and it's very unlikely that the municipal
00:10:17records um would have been wrong about something like
00:10:20that, likewise, although the indigenous animals don't tell us
00:10:24when she did they stopped referring to her in about
00:10:271530, and the indigenous animals tended to be written year by
00:10:31year as the action occurred, okay? also, there were
00:10:34numerous epidemics that swept through the city in 1527,
00:10:371528, um, so it does make sense,
00:10:40okay, that she would have died
00:10:42then,
00:10:49dejected by the separation, affected
00:10:52by European diseases and tired of
00:10:55an intense life of efforts, Malinsin disappeared from
00:10:59history without us knowing how,
00:11:02when or where she died.
00:11:55that serves as a reproducer and at no
00:11:58time as an actress
00:12:01of this very important process that I insist
00:12:05a lot on this, a process commanded by
00:12:07men.
00:12:10I think there is something like five or six mentions of her that he makes,
00:12:14if it weren't for others to wrote about her and for the indigenous people wrote about her, we
00:12:18would know very
00:12:18little.
00:12:24despite the help she gave to Cortés, in his chronicles the
00:12:28conqueror only mentions her three
00:12:30times:
00:12:33the Spanish chroniclers hid her role because it took away
00:12:36their prominence, but everyone respected her,
00:12:40everyone except
00:12:41two.
00:12:47One, López de Gómara, despised her in his account, speaking of
00:12:51Martín as the son Cortés had with an Indian woman.
00:12:55The other, Gerónimo de Aguilar, attacked her with
00:12:58degrading insults, born of years
00:13:02of resentment,
00:13:04and in fact he had every reason to be jealous and to be bitter, because
00:13:08he had been the most important man in Cortes's
00:13:11camp, as long as he was the only one could translate between the
00:13:14Spaniards and the Mayas, then he became equally important as as Molins
00:13:18say, as Malinsin, when it became clear that they needed her and her knowledge of Nawat,
00:13:22eventually she surpassed him because she learned Spanish so...
00:13:34In the early 19th century, after the
00:13:37wars of independence, the situation changed
00:13:40dramatically. At that time, of course, Mexicans were
00:13:43seeking national imaginary, they were
00:13:47seeking to explain what had happened to them, what the what the
00:13:51experience of the conquest had been like, and they
00:13:53needed. as we all do, perhaps a scape goats, they needed a
00:13:57way to explain this, and a man, mexican man wrote
00:14:01a play called Shiko tenkat, named for
00:14:06the the indigenous princes of tlashkala, and in that
00:14:09play, the figure of Doña Marina appears as sly
00:14:13sneaking kind of a creature who who is betraying her
00:14:16own people in favor of the Spaniards and at that moment this
00:14:20myth was born, the story of Marina
00:14:23Traidora was born, that is, throughout the colonial period,
00:14:27La Malinche is a fundamental character, she appears in
00:14:30several colonial paintings,
00:14:34almost like a noblewoman
00:14:37or she is always considered very important for the
00:14:41conquest of Mexico, as soon as independence is declared
00:14:45and when Spain becomes absolutely
00:14:48negative, Black Legend and everything else you want, La Malinche appears
00:14:52as the main character who
00:14:55betrayed
00:14:56Mexico,
00:15:01first of all it was said that La Malinche
00:15:04was a traitor who betrayed her country, but there was
00:15:08no country,
00:15:10so this is a Manichaean
00:15:13appreciation, an ideological appreciation
00:15:17built after the
00:15:20viceroyalty when the independence of
00:15:24Mexico came. From the 19th
00:15:27century, different Malinches emerged from
00:15:30fiction with political
00:15:32intentions.
00:15:35The low-class Malinche. enslaved and
00:15:37servile, the promiscuous flirt who
00:15:41jumped from bed to
00:15:42bed,
00:15:46the wicked traitor who sold her people preferring the
00:15:49Spaniards to a supposed indigenous
00:15:52nation, the Christian fundamentalist who turned
00:15:56her back on her native gods, they hid
00:15:59the real Malinsin, turning
00:16:02her into an enemy of Mexico. La
00:16:04Malinche is La Malinche, but she is also the invented
00:16:07Malinche, she is a figure, of whom
00:16:11it has been said, that she was a prostitute, the great
00:16:14traitor, I think it is tremendously
00:16:17unfair. A new Malinsin emerged to
00:16:21serve the interests of a Mexico independent from
00:16:24Spain, a traitorous
00:16:26Malinche.
00:16:29In the 19th century, when the history of the conquest began to be told in a different way,
00:16:33once again, the white men who governed the country, the Creole elites who
00:16:37took power in Mexico, one of the first things they do is attack
00:16:41precisely the figure of La Malinche, because the figure of a triumphant
00:16:44indigenous woman is something that goes against their idea of what Mexico should be,
00:16:47a country that is not indigenous but should be white mestizo, a country
00:16:51that should be governed by men and of course never by a woman, and a country in which
00:16:55the privilege and those who rule are the descendants of the Spaniards and not the
00:16:59indigenous people who allied with the Spaniards. It is interesting that
00:17:02this discourse that emerged in the 19th century will be a
00:17:05discourse created by the elites, those elites
00:17:09who have been educated precisely abroad and who at the same
00:17:12time demonize, as I have said before, the
00:17:16foreign. It is a discourse
00:17:19used by the political elites
00:17:22and that continues to this day, the real facts, the
00:17:26story of a great woman disappeared under falsehoods
00:17:30created by political interests, here
00:17:35the Mexican
00:17:37woman who fights, the archetype of the woman who becomes
00:17:41a figure on her own and moves
00:17:44forward, she breaks in the 16th century with all
00:17:48the indigenous traditions,
00:17:51she adopts a part of the Spanish
00:17:54mentality and creates herself as an
00:17:58intermediate figure between the two cultures, which is what we are
00:18:01today, that's why I say she is a figure of the
00:18:05future, an emblem of the
00:18:09I believe that approaching the history of all
00:18:13reflect on the situation of women in different
00:18:16cultures in the contemporary world and undoubtedly
00:18:19above all, approaching the history of those women who, despite their circumstances,
00:18:23managed to climb positions and managed to play a
00:18:27decisive and extremely important role in their
00:18:30time. The figure of La Malinche
00:18:33is an emblematic
00:18:36the just struggle of feminism in the history of
00:18:40Mexico and that should be a
00:18:43banner in feminist groups,
00:18:46feminism has not dared to take the figure of La
00:18:50Malinche as an emblem yet, but I think it will.
00:18:53Malinsin
00:18:58is the noble girl who lost her
00:19:01freedom, she is the slave who learned
00:19:04languages, a woman who was given
00:19:07as a peace offering, the
00:19:10interpreter who made herself respected with her intelligence among
00:19:13strange men from beyond the sea.
00:19:17Malinsin is the spirit of overcoming,
00:19:21the determination to achieve the impossible, the
00:19:24intelligence to earn the respect of the adversary, the
00:19:28capacity for suffering to reach the
00:19:30goal. Far from being a
00:19:34traitor, Malinsin is definitively.
00:19:51is not a woman who is disloyal to her people at all, on the contrary, she was woman who was brave,
00:19:55who maintained her dignity through
00:19:58horrific circumstances, who
00:20:00did her best to help the people who were around her, not only the
00:20:04spanders, but the indigenous as well.
00:20:37Little by little, her memory is resurfacing supported by historical
00:20:40texts,
00:20:46perhaps it is time for the Mexican people
00:20:50to reconcile with their history, with the indigenous woman who was capable of the
00:20:53impossible, because after all,
00:20:57it was this formidable woman who planted the
00:21:00seed of an extraordinary nation called Mexico.