Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:11:09Next, France
00:11:1224 news.
00:11:16Against the current, I am convinced that it was time to raise my
00:11:19voice for these principles that have been
00:11:22the proud banner of my candidacy. From Philadelphia,
00:11:26British singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran apologized and admitted that he made
00:11:29mistakes after the controversial expulsion on Monday of his opening act in
00:11:33the United States, rapper Macklemore, for his support of the
00:11:36Palestinian cause. The artist opened his show referring to the
00:11:40current Israeli siege against the Gaza Strip, stating that what is
00:11:44happening is catastrophic and unjustifiable. In addition,
00:11:47he assured that he wants his music and his concerts to be about unity
00:11:51and humanity, and not about politics.
00:11:58It's music, it makes you feel good, there shouldn't be politics involved,
00:12:02and if there is, if someone has a point of view, then
00:12:05good for them, you know, it doesn't discourage you, at least it doesn't
00:12:09make me stop listening to it, it's simply that
00:12:12feeling that music conveys, it's something
00:12:14different.
00:12:20I think he was in a really difficult situation, he was going to
00:12:24cancel everything. Because the opening act wanted to do this, in my opinion,
00:12:28Ed Sheeran had no other option, but I understand why
00:12:31it happened, I understand Macklemore's position and I support
00:12:34everyone, I think war is bad, all war is
00:12:37bad. In Mexico, 200 years of relations with France are
00:12:41celebrated, a bicentennial with events and cultural
00:12:45exchanges, such as a show organized by the French company
00:12:47Massel Fretin. After
00:12:50sharing the stage with Madonna and participating in the FIFA World Cup show,
00:12:54the company debuted in Mexico with the performance of
00:12:58Rap Lucide, a show of dance and electro music
00:13:01shared between French dancers and Mexican champions.
00:13:04Jorge Hurtado, correspondent in Mexico, brings us the
00:13:07report.
00:13:11Brandon Macel, founder of the prestigious French company Macel
00:13:14Fretin, supervises every minute detail of the Mexican theater where his
00:13:18work Rey Lucy lands, a unique cultural exchange to celebrate
00:13:21200 years of relations between Mexico and France.
00:13:55disciplinaries like María Belén from Yucatán. From France, we
00:13:58take the experience they gave us on how
00:14:02culture is worked there, and
00:14:06I feel that in Mexico it's like the passion for what
00:14:09we do, I think how we
00:14:12completely give ourselves to projects, whether dance
00:14:15or in other areas, I feel that's the exchange we
00:14:18had.
00:14:21The work is famous for fusing Parisian club electro, hip
00:14:25hop, and contemporary dance, a discipline
00:14:28where dancers like Omar Reyes find the opportunity to
00:14:31interact with one of their great references. The interaction has been
00:14:34excellent. This Brandon Miel, known in the Electro
00:14:38community, is a super important figure for many of us, he has been
00:14:42super iconic since we started dancing Electro, he practically was born with
00:14:46this community and being able to be in contact with him has been something
00:14:50super important for all of us.
00:14:54With the international tour, consecrated on global stages like Madonna's
00:14:57or the World Cup final, the encounter in Mexico City confirms
00:15:01that dance knows no borders, only bodies that
00:15:04speak the same language.
00:15:08Thank you for listening to the news.
00:15:09They observe,
00:15:17they observe, alert,
00:15:21testify, film, photograph.
00:15:25They are the voice of those who have none, they are their eyes
00:15:29around the world. The
00:15:31observers, a network of 500 citizens,
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00:15:38and testimonials from verified amateurs by our
00:15:41journalists, broadcast every week.
00:15:44Join me on The Observers on France24 and
00:15:48France24.com.
00:15:54Welcome to this science and technology space. I'm Valentina Torres Sánchez and
00:15:57it's a pleasure to be with you. Today we analyze the recent alerts
00:16:01about the rapid development of artificial intelligence and its associated
00:16:04risks. We spoke with Samir Stefan, a technology expert,
00:16:08who answered us what probability there is of extinguishing ourselves as a species
00:16:11in 2030 due to AI, as an
00:16:15ex-Anthropic employee warns, well, it's greater than zero, no,
00:16:18it's not zero. I wouldn't dare to say it's greater than 10% as some
00:16:22researchers have said, but it's
00:16:25clear that it's greater than zero and it's greater than zero because we are reaching a point where we don't really
00:16:29understand what is
00:16:32made more and more voices of technology leaders rise and
00:16:36call for regulating or anticipating the development of AI, this is what our
00:16:39guest told us, the eagerness to be the first, right? That has led,
00:16:43for example, the American government to eliminate some controls and some
00:16:47conditions and, on the other hand, for companies to seek a
00:16:50faster way to achieve the next level,
00:16:54has led us, for example, to the use of a technology that
00:16:58is known as
00:17:00recurring self-improvement, yes,
00:17:04which is basically, we teach the algorithm to
00:17:08write code and then we said, hey, if the algorithm is capable of writing
00:17:11code, why couldn't it write code for itself and self-improve,
00:17:15yes, and that is happening at such a rapid speed that basically what
00:17:19researchers say is that we reached a point where we no longer understand what is
00:17:23happening, yes, so the fear is if that speed
00:17:26continues to grow, if those algorithms continue to self-improve without us
00:17:30understanding what is happening behind the scenes, and if
00:17:34also the scope of an algorithm that
00:17:37only served to write code of an algorithm that only served to
00:17:41generate images, of an algorithm that only served to answer questions,
00:17:45much broader topics, right? And
00:17:48we already see a little bit of the results of how algorithms can
00:17:51"escape" and end up doing things that they were not
00:17:55programmed to do. Likewise, it is worth noting that talking about
00:17:58advanced AI functions does not mean that robots are going to take control of the
00:18:02world. The key is to understand its real capabilities today and what are
00:18:06the authentic risks that could destabilize
00:18:08humanity. At this moment, I think that the two main risks
00:18:12are the risk of being able to
00:18:16hack systems that could not be hacked before, right? So we have
00:18:19risks, for example, of financial systems being hacked, of an
00:18:23electrical plant system being hacked, right? So
00:18:26we have a possibility of a hack, either
00:18:29because someone used it with bad intentions or because
00:18:35what it is doing, the consequences
00:18:38behind that end up hacking, right? That's the first one, and the second
00:18:41is the risk that these
00:18:44algorithms, in one way or another, foster a model
00:18:48of disinformation so great that we end up breaking the
00:18:51few, the few threads that
00:18:54keep democracy together, no, but very
00:18:58lightly, those are the two main risks, now
00:19:01we are seeing companies that are saying, hey, you know what, let's put
00:19:05a body on this algorithm, mount this algorithm on a drone, and let it define whether
00:19:09or not it shoots at a target, and that is opening a different
00:19:12door. It is also worth remembering that at the beginning AI was in the hands
00:19:16of a few, which allowed greater control over its use. Today, a large
00:19:19part of humanity has access to this technology and can adapt it to its
00:19:23purposes, from developing personalized medicines to creating new
00:19:27pathogens and viruses. We are facing a double-edged
00:19:29sword. The extent to which these algorithms end up being more and more
00:19:33public or that even the
00:19:37large algorithms can be used to train smaller algorithms
00:19:40already owned by these groups, what we see is that
00:19:44that field is leveled where we see that anyone could
00:19:47use it to create a biological weapon or anyone could
00:19:50use it to create the optimal route for some
00:19:54missiles, as I think the Houthis used them last week. Faced with this
00:19:58wave of warnings, leading companies, Open AI, Anthropic, and
00:20:01Google, have said they will work together on security,
00:20:05but how effective can this self-control be if the
00:20:08US administration is betting on development without regulatory hurdles? I think it's
00:20:12hardly credible that we can at this
00:20:16point achieve a model like this. There was a regulatory framework
00:20:20in the United States that the Trump government dismantled. There is a regulatory
00:20:23framework in Europe, but it only applies to European companies. The Chinese
00:20:27government has some kind of regulatory framework, but it has the same interest as the United
00:20:31States, which is that to the extent that we can master this technology, we can close that
00:20:34gap that the American government has been pushing us towards, for example, at the hardware
00:20:38level, right? So it's hardly credible that we will see that
00:20:42brake at this moment, and even less with so much money involved. But then
00:20:47regulation have been around almost as long as the development of AI, and the speed of
00:20:51legislation will never be parallel to technological advancement? We
00:20:54took too long to take seriously the
00:20:58perverse effects that a technology like social
00:21:02networks could have. I think what we have to do is learn from what happened
00:21:06there, yes, start to come up with some type of legislation that
00:21:09allows for prior controls, that allows to ensure that all
00:21:13models somehow have the possibility of being
00:21:17turned off. The third way to
00:21:21achieve and find that all companies have a common goal, that's
00:21:24the hardest, because when we talk about a common goal, we're talking about what
00:21:28happens if some companies are in the United States, other companies are in Europe,
00:21:32other companies are in China, yes, and each of them will have different
00:21:35regulations, eh, there's a proposal on the table that
00:21:39could be interesting, which is something
00:21:43nuclear arms control, and that is, hey, let's have an
00:21:46entity, yes, multilateral that can
00:21:49have a voice. And so we reach the end of this segment, thank you for your
00:21:53tuning in,
00:22:01but one week in the world, every Friday review the big
00:22:05international news of the week with expert
00:22:08journalists who provide context and points of view
00:22:12on the most relevant events of the last seven
00:22:16days, one week in the world on France.com.
00:22:35Due to the war against Iran, the United States is facing a shortage in
00:22:39strategic weapons inventories and bottlenecks in replenishing
00:22:43ammunition. This was the main finding of a report by the
00:22:46Pentagon itself. The report, conducted by the Inspector
00:22:50General's office, which is an independent oversight body that operates within the
00:22:53Department of War, the assertion contradicts what
00:22:56President Donald Trump and Secretary of War Pete
00:23:00Hexett had stated. They deny that there is a shortage
00:23:03of supplies, they claim that this information is false and
00:23:07insist that the American arms capacity is
00:23:11practically unlimited, as the president explicitly
00:23:14wrote. Is the United States running out of
00:23:18missions despite being a military superpower,
00:23:22or is it fake news, and above all, how
00:23:25does this affect its position in the current world?
00:23:29This is what we discuss in the France 24 debate. I am María Clara
00:23:32Calle and I welcome our guests. We are joined
00:23:36by José Luis Calvo, a retired colonel of
00:23:39infantry of the Spanish Army. During his career, he was assigned to the joint
00:23:43staff, the military staff of the European Union,
00:23:46NATO structures, among
00:23:50others. He connects from Madrid and in Miami
00:23:53is Manuel Superville, a retired colonel of the United
00:23:56States Army, he was general legal advisor to the United
00:24:00States Forces in Afghanistan, also general
00:24:03legal advisor to the United States Southern Command, he is also
00:24:07founder and president of Veritas Assurance Partners, a
00:24:11global research firm. A pleasure to share this space with
00:24:14you, and before we begin, I invite you to follow us on social media
00:24:18and also comment on this. You can find us as
00:24:21@frans24-es
00:24:24and my personal account is @mariaclaguirre.
00:24:27You can also listen to the France 24 debate, we are
00:24:31available on Apple Podcast, Spotify, Deezer and
00:24:34TuneIn.
00:24:38José Luis Calvo, I start with you, welcome to the France
00:24:4124 debate. Let's start
00:24:45known about the situation of the
00:24:49amount of armament that the United States has. I pointed out
00:24:52that report from the Inspector General of the Department of War that says there is
00:24:56a shortage, to this is added the report
00:24:59by the Congressional Budget Office of the United States that
00:25:03also agrees that there is a shortage of ammunition. How true is
00:25:07this and how much truth does President
00:25:10Donald Trump have in denying that there is a shortage of weapons in the United
00:25:13States?
00:25:16Yes, thank you very much,
00:25:19well, it seems that indeed there is a
00:25:23problem regarding certain types of ammunition, above all, it is a
00:25:26problem that affects not only the United States, it also affects us in
00:25:30Europe, and it is a problem that derives from a technological
00:25:33change that is occurring on the battlefields, where we find
00:25:37systems with quite advanced technologies, but they are much
00:25:41cheaper than the weapons and ammunition we used,
00:25:45right? So this is something especially evident, for example, in
00:25:48anti-aircraft defense, right? We are increasingly finding
00:25:52drones, unmanned systems
00:25:55that are relatively cheap, easy to manufacture in large
00:25:58quantities, and to shoot them down we use Cold War
00:26:02missiles that are very sophisticated weapons, designed
00:26:06to shoot down high-value targets, but very expensive and very
00:26:10slow to manufacture, so there is a mismatch,
00:26:12right? It's what is happening in the war against Iran,
00:26:16Iran is launching swarms of drones that cost $50,000
00:26:19each, and of course, the United States and its allies... are launching anti-aircraft missiles that
00:26:23in some cases cost up to 3 million dollars, so there
00:26:26is a mismatch that ends up depleting arsenals,
00:26:30and you mentioned one of the key points. Key points are the
00:26:33situation of anti-aircraft defense systems, which we will, of course, address
00:26:37later, but first I also want to welcome Manuel Superville
00:26:41to this program. How right is
00:26:45the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of War
00:26:48in saying that there is a shortage of strategic
00:26:51war material in the United
00:26:52States?
00:26:55Well, thank you very much for the invitation to be here with
00:26:58you. The Office of the Inspector
00:27:01General, not only for the United States
00:27:05Armed Forces, but for all the different agencies
00:27:09of the United States government, is something that, as
00:27:12you said, is independent to a certain extent.
00:27:16Let's say, historically,
00:27:20General Washington, before becoming president, after the
00:27:24War of Independence, the
00:27:26first person he hired to be part of the army to
00:27:29help him was the Inspector General,
00:27:33who was a German general at that time.
00:27:36But what I mean is that it's a very important position of great
00:27:39trust because their mission is
00:27:43to tell the truth so that decision-makers can have
00:27:46data that is
00:27:49based on reality and not on some kind of, let's say,
00:27:53policy that suits one person or another.
00:27:57Here I want to add something to what you were saying, Manuel, and it's a
00:28:00clarification: the Pentagon
00:28:03did not provide information to the Office of the Inspector General of the
00:28:06Department of War, nor to the Congressional
00:28:09Budget Office of the United States, which is why those
00:28:12same reports warn that they cannot know for sure
00:28:16what the situation is, since the Pentagon, which is the Department of
00:28:20War, did not give them the information they requested, and therefore
00:28:24they are turning to other reports to be able to make an estimated
00:28:27balance, and that estimated balance is calculating
00:28:31that so far, only the war in Iran, which
00:28:34began on February 28,
00:28:372026, has cost the United States government about
00:28:41$38 million with cuts until August
00:28:441, according to figures from the US
00:28:48Congress. José Luis, you explained that this
00:28:52amount of money spent can largely be explained
00:28:55by the fact that they are fighting with very expensive
00:28:58weaponry, and you already spoke of that imbalance.
00:29:02But in terms of war, to talk about an expenditure of
00:29:0540 billion dollars, about 40 billion dollars, is it
00:29:09a lot or a little compared to other
00:29:11conflicts?
00:29:15Well, it's quite a lot for a war that has only lasted 6 months.
00:29:19the war in Iraq or Afghanistan, in Afghanistan, which
00:29:23I know more about, the United States spent something like a billion
00:29:27a month, not
00:29:31one million dollars. At least in the initial
00:29:35phases. So yes, it's quite a lot, but of course,
00:29:37they are being used. Not a lot of human deployment is being
00:29:41used, logically. There isn't a lot of personnel deployed. That's also
00:29:45expensive, especially if they have to be deployed in a difficult theater. But very sophisticated
00:29:48weapons are being used. Precision is being sought,
00:29:51so they are guided weapons, they
00:29:55are weapons designed to have a very small error and
00:29:59to cause few civilian casualties, and they are tremendously
00:30:02expensive. Being tremendously expensive, well, they are also
00:30:06expensive to manufacture, and many times that is the biggest problem, because well, the United
00:30:10States spending 40 billion dollars would not
00:30:13mean
00:30:15the same as it would for a European country, which would almost mean ruin
00:30:19for us. But the problem is that they are very expensive to manufacture,
00:30:23they are very sophisticated, production chains cannot be increased
00:30:27too much, so there is a bottleneck. The United
00:30:30States, when its stocks are depleted, the capacity of American
00:30:34factories to supply that shortage in stocks
00:30:37is increasingly reduced. It's something that happens
00:30:40to all of us anyway, and it even happens with less sophisticated
00:30:44materials. You might remember that in the war in Ukraine,
00:30:47artillery shells were the critical material at the beginning of the war,
00:30:50and Ukraine asked for millions of artillery
00:30:54shells. Well, between the United States and Europe,
00:30:57we were not able to produce.