Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:11Focusing on brand technology development, Chinese enterprises can dominate the global market with a strong posture and become a brand
00:00:13that goes global.
00:00:20In the natural festival, home has a constantly changing
00:00:23form
00:00:24.
00:00:31We are all a part of nature , and nature's deficit
00:00:34should be shared
00:00:36.
00:00:39Nature and humanity, all things are one family
00:00:42. This is young
00:00:46. This is living young
00:00:49. Living young is truly young
00:00:53. Living young starts with a healthy lifestyle
00:00:56. And 力扭 is here.
00:01:09If one day the energy from a cup of water retrieved from the sea
00:01:12could light up the entire city's lights
00:01:15. If one day new energy vehicles and
00:01:19spaceships are no longer limited by fuel refueling, achieving
00:01:23continuous operation , would you
00:01:26think this is a fantasy ?
00:01:31But for scientists, these are not unattainable dreams
00:01:35, but rather the future after controlled fusion
00:01:38is achieved. The sun generates light and heat because of the
00:01:42massive fusion reactions inside it, producing enormous energy. The first successful
00:01:46alloy surface reaction on Earth was light
00:01:49. But that was uncontrollable. We
00:01:53are researching and exploring controllable fusion reactions. This
00:01:57is the artificial sun .
00:02:01He led China's artificial sun to rank first internationally
00:02:05, winning China international discourse power in controllable
00:02:08fusion technology. He and his team developed the latest generation
00:02:12artificial sun, China's HL-3, which pushed this technology
00:02:16to the forefront globally . The new generation artificial
00:02:19sun, China's HL-3, is open to the world. The new generation artificial
00:02:23sun, China's HL-3, for the first time achieved
00:02:27both ion and electron temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees.
00:03:04Now the public and society are concerned
00:03:07and a fusion fever has been stirred up. There are two relatively extreme
00:03:11views. One view believes that fusion cannot
00:03:15escape the 50-year curse and that fusion is impossible to achieve
00:03:19. This point is too objective. Another
00:03:22view believes that in a few years, the application of
00:03:26fusion will be realized. This view is too optimistic.
00:03:30In summary, we hope everyone has a clear
00:03:33and objective understanding of artificial sun and nuclear
00:03:37fusion . Everyone
00:03:40may have heard more about nuclear fission, like
00:03:43current nuclear power plants, and also
00:03:47past atomic bombs . So, with nuclear fission
00:03:50, it is provided for human bombs
00:03:52.
00:03:57Now the river is facing us.
00:06:12This plays a very important role in accelerating our country's
00:06:16research and development capabilities in fusion. For more than ten years
00:06:20, we have been trying to join this project
00:06:23, but we have been kept outside the door
00:06:26.
00:06:29The turning point appeared around 2000
00:06:32, when our country launched several nuclear fusion projects, and
00:06:36made progress. For example , China's HL-2A
00:06:40device achieved relatively good experimental results in
00:06:422002.
00:06:47In addition, with international changes, China was finally invited in 2003 to participate in the project as a full member.
00:06:59.
00:07:02that's also possible for each subgroup meeting,
00:07:06yes yes the idea is
00:07:08to have a main connection for the general assembly.
00:07:12After China joined the set of plans , it actively chose the
00:07:16most difficult and challenging evolution task , facing the high
00:07:20temperature and high density of the first
00:07:23generation.
00:07:31Of course, I have a deep impression of
00:07:34the technical director of this project who only encountered technical
00:07:38problems that could not be solved, especially when they could not be solved for a long time
00:07:41,
00:07:45I called him, and
00:07:48he was very worried and felt confused. What should I do? I said, let's discuss it carefully tomorrow, and we will always find a solution .
00:07:52The final certification was in 2022 for
00:07:55the full scale
00:07:58prototype, which is related to the testing of the
00:08:02national from the past of running behind, to
00:08:06running in parallel, and even like DB and other technologies
00:08:09reaching the international forefront.
00:08:16This sand table display became the main part of our entire
00:08:20China Fusion HL-3 device and its auxiliary system
00:08:23. This main part, like this spherical body, is equivalent to the heart
00:08:27of our human body, and the auxiliary part is equivalent to heating
00:08:31and cooling it, which is like the blood vessels
00:08:35and veins of our body
00:08:35.
00:08:39The challenge is huge. As we all know , villagers can convert the energy of the coast into their own kinetic energy
00:09:11We will
00:09:12wave
00:09:16. As long as the speed of the wave is faster than the particles, it is possible
00:09:20to transfer energy to the particles to achieve heating. The temperature is so
00:09:24high, what kind of materials do we have that can withstand such high temperature
00:09:28bombardment? In fact , no single
00:09:32material on Earth can withstand the intense
00:09:35bombardment of a high temperature of one degree. So how do
00:09:39we make these high energy particles not emit?
00:10:17Not long ago, a major breakthrough was achieved on the China Fusion HL-3 device
00:10:20, where both the ion temperature and electron temperature showed a sharp
00:10:24increase
00:10:35TFTR,
00:10:42but these two devices have been retired.
00:10:44So by 2027,
00:10:47now it seems
00:10:49that China's Hua device is the only one to carry out natural research.
00:13:55So by around 2045, we will build a demonstration
00:13:58plant.
00:14:06We have done the relevant technologies , challenges, and engineering verification
00:14:10. So we can then develop our own commercial
00:14:14fusion reactors. Of course, one more point that may accelerate this process is the utilization
00:14:18of new technologies
00:14:20.
00:14:24And artificial intelligence
00:14:55. I believe that as a fusion person, I have worked for about
00:14:5940 years . Seeing its development
00:15:02, at first glance, the difficulty and challenge were indeed very great. At that
00:15:06time, I never thought we could build a nuclear power
00:15:10plant-sized fusion reactor, but now it seems that it is steadily progressing
00:15:14. At least so far , I haven't seen any insurmountable
00:15:17challenges. That's right
00:15:20.
00:15:24I have one more question. Teacher, is it true that among all the competition
00:15:27and development in the world, China's speed is the fastest, and it is expected
00:15:31to become the first country in the world to light up an artificial
00:15:35sun?
00:15:38From 2006 until now , our development speed
00:15:42and the level and capability of our technology in the international
00:15:45arena are obvious to all and are also recognized by the global fusion community
00:15:49. Including our contributions to ITER, the international
00:15:53fusion experimental reactor, should be from the
00:15:57procurement package tasks, which are the development and manufacturing tasks of key components
00:16:00. In terms of progress and difficulty , we have done the best. So
00:16:04we are confident and hope for us.
00:16:37Just now we talked about these application scenarios, which are probably more connected to our science fiction works, but
00:16:41what about our actual situation ? For example, in the future
00:16:45, is it possible for this device to become smaller and more miniaturized, so that our
00:16:48cars can also be equipped with one ?
00:16:52And we won't need to charge them anymore, right? Including our mobile phones
00:16:55, after you buy them, this mobile phone will last until it's eliminated
00:16:57.
00:16:59Stable operation. Teacher , this idea of ours
00:17:02, is it promising ? Is it possible to achieve
00:17:06it?
00:19:08We tried various methods, it seems we tried everything, but we just couldn't solve
00:19:12it. We couldn't overcome this difficulty. Yes , so he called me at night
00:19:15. Can't do it
00:19:19anymore.
00:19:23He was also quite depressed
00:19:25at that time.
00:19:27I
00:19:30understand. So, I knew then that many
00:19:33problems that we couldn't solve in the past could be solved.
00:19:38This problem, this obstacle, can be overcome. I have this
00:19:41confidence. So I said , let's talk about it tomorrow, and
00:19:45we'll discuss it again tomorrow.
00:20:37Some support without regard to cost
00:20:41. So this is also why I think
00:20:44we also believe that China has hope
00:20:47to be the first to achieve this , because our
00:20:51country has its unique advantages, such as strong coordination, mobilizing
00:20:54the strength of the whole country to achieve great things . This
00:20:58institutional advantage is unmatched by other countries. Exactly
00:21:01. Thank you, teacher
00:21:04. So speaking of such a grand goal and
00:21:07prospect, we need to have sufficient belief and confidence
00:21:11. Yes. But we need to respect science. We need to calm down
00:21:15. We need to eat one bite at a time and walk one step at a time
00:21:18. With the joint support and efforts of all parties, the goal
00:21:22will be achieved little by little
00:21:23.
00:21:28Okay, next, Teacher Duan, we will also hand over
00:21:31to many young students present today. Because today, many
00:21:35friends are here with their interest and questions
00:21:38about controllable fusion . They especially want to ask
00:21:42Teacher Duan in person . Next, let's invite everyone
00:21:46. Come on, everyone, okay, this young man , you speak first. Hello everyone, I am
00:21:50I am the new generation
00:22:19. Yes.
00:24:20This happened many years ago . But I think the decision
00:24:24at that time was correct . At that time, we actually
00:24:27had an operator
00:24:29.
00:24:34China's HL-2A device was built in 2002
00:24:38and operated for many years . From then on, every year
00:24:42I would find the most outstanding interviewees, including doctoral students, and give them to him
00:24:45, at least one person every year . But in fact
00:24:49, it was not successful in cultivating a new
00:24:53operator . One
00:24:55year, by chance, when interviewing Li Bo,
00:24:59he was at that time in his undergraduate studies, his academic performance was
00:25:03very outstanding. But he was qualified
00:25:07to be recommended for postgraduate studies, but he did not choose it
00:25:09.
00:25:12It was not what he hoped for. So he took the exam. I felt
00:25:16that he was very quick-witted during the interview.
00:25:50Later I found out it was about fusion
00:25:51.
00:25:55So in fact, I first understood it , but after I came in, I found that
00:25:59the artificial sun here is both mysterious and sacred. I secretly
00:26:03made a decision in my heart, if I can contribute my strength
00:26:07in the field of nuclear fusion , even if it is to solve a technical problem
00:26:11, then I feel that this life
00:26:12of mine
00:26:22. Over so many years , I actually have always had a small
00:26:25confusion in my heart, and I especially want to ask Teacher Duan , because the teacher pays great attention to details
00:26:29in his daily work. Usually , maybe in a document,
00:27:32the operation and construction phase of China HL-2 to
00:27:36HL-3 involved a lot of experience accumulation, so there was almost
00:27:39no room for failure in terms of technology
00:27:43. So if the decision is not
00:27:46correct, then it will lead to the possibility that this path
00:27:50cannot be taken later. So from another
00:27:54perspective
00:27:54.
00:27:58I still have a similar .
00:32:45This is mainly due to two reasons. On the one hand
00:32:49, our country is developing rapidly , and the demand for energy is growing
00:32:52. Currently , fossil energy as the main source
00:32:56of energy has a greater impact on the environment . We also need to achieve
00:33:00dual goals, which urges us to pursue
00:33:04the early realization of fusion energy . So now
00:33:08, our country has listed fusion as a future energy development direction
00:33:11in the 14th Five-Year Plan. Of course, to a certain extent,
00:34:15if you don't go through the early
00:34:19stages to release its risks
00:34:22, then the final construction may be able to generate electricity
00:34:26, but many risks will lead to fatal consequences
00:34:29for the next step of development. Okay
00:34:33, thank you, teacher, please sit down, young man .
00:34:35。
00:34:40In fact, the question just raised by this student also involves our country's
00:34:43continuous adherence to
00:36:27. Hello, host, my name is Niu Yiming , and I am a doctoral student
00:36:31from the Department of Materials Science at Tsinghua University. Then you should join this team quickly. Yes
00:36:35, my question today is indeed related to career choices. I
00:36:39expect to graduate in June next year, so I really have to face
00:36:42the job search period in the second half of this year . And now, in fact
00:36:46, with the development of the times, our choices are also increasing, but at the same time, our
00:36:50confusions are also increasing . Because in the current
00:36:54era, like nuclear fusion, AI,
00:36:57AI actually also had a long
00:37:14cold winter. So for us students who are about to leave the laboratory
00:37:17, should we seize the opportunity of the times and choose a
00:37:21hot industry , or should we calm down
00:37:25and think about what we really want to do?
00:38:15The country's investment and the development
00:38:18at that time were still not satisfactory, especially the development level was still far
00:38:22behind internationally . In fact, this
00:38:25really belonged to the low point of the industry
00:39:28. The boss also hoped that I would continue to look at it, but due to
00:39:32my own interest in fusion, and also because
00:39:35of a sense of belonging
00:39:38to the unit, these two considerations
00:39:41.
00:39:44I continued my fusion dream
00:44:13So, are we not worried about energy in the future, and will there be no wars for energy
00:44:16, right? Then we will have more time to develop technology, but
00:44:20how to imagine it, we still
00:44:24rely on your young generation
00:45:41. From the perspective of competing for energy, in the future there may no longer be a struggle for oil
00:45:44. From China's perspective, if we can light up this light
00:45:48first, as we imagined just now, isn't it?
00:45:51From the perspective of the global community and everyone developing together
00:45:55and being happy together, we can also appropriately share our Chinese solutions
00:45:59and Chinese technology to help other countries
00:46:03develop peacefully together . This is
00:46:06certain. Because now China includes
00:46:53. But this cake today , in fact, our chefs
00:46:57are making it for us . The cake is in the pot
00:47:00, and in the future, it may be served hot
00:47:04on the table. So everyone can open their minds. Just like when
00:47:08we first said, when watching some science fiction movies , everyone will feel that it is in a future
00:47:11society that we long for but cannot reach. Today
00:47:15, the teacher has laid a solid foundation for this vision, that is, when our
00:47:19controllable fusion technology can be richly developed