Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:01:30The pulse of the Central Plains' culture
00:01:38this is the century-old bridge town
00:01:41of Yunnan Heshun.
00:01:44。
00:01:48In our country's southwestern frontier, there is such a mysterious
00:01:52road. It starts in Chengdu, Sichuan, crosses the Gaoligong Mountains
00:01:56at an altitude of over 3,000 meters, passes through Tengchong, Yunnan, and exits to Myanmar.
00:02:06This road is the Southern Silk Road.
00:02:07。
00:02:16At this moment, Old Ding, who has been researching ancient cultures for many years,
00:02:19is trying to measure this
00:02:23ancient tea road under the most realistic conditions of the mule caravans
00:02:26of that year.
00:03:39The story of Heshun begins with the twists and turns
00:03:43of the Hengduan Mountains. Heshun Ancient Town is located 4 kilometers
00:03:47southwest of Tengchong City, Yunnan Province, nestled in the open area
00:03:51on the western side of the southern section of the Gaoligong Mountains. The mule caravans crossed the entire
00:03:55mountain range, with no retreat, so they could only grit their teeth
00:03:58and continue westward.
00:04:05Fortunately, the Longchuan River, Daying River, and Binglang River, originating from the depths of the mountain range,
00:04:09carved out a corridor leading to the outside world between the cliffs.
00:04:12It is this layout of one mountain and three rivers
00:04:16that naturally made Heshun the last important commercial town
00:04:20before the mule caravans went abroad.
00:04:22。
00:04:30For departure,
00:04:33I , in my
00:04:36heart, set off.
00:04:39Call out my
00:04:42name.
00:04:44,
00:04:47Old Lady Tian and her teammates are singing a song that Heshun people have sung
00:04:51for nearly 200 years, "Yang Wen Tun Xiao Ye."
00:04:54。
00:04:57Our Heshun people are Yang Wen Tun villagers.
00:05:00Before the Guangxu years, the "Wen Tun Xiao Ye"
00:05:04was circulated to educate descendants on how to live.
00:05:07More than six hundred years ago, Ming Dynasty border
00:05:11soldiers came here. They saw that after the morning mist in the mountains dissipated,
00:05:15the first ray of light always fell on this slope, so they named
00:05:18this place Yang Wen Tun.
00:05:20,
00:05:23In the early Qing Dynasty, the three rivers in front of the village flowed through
00:05:27the village, so it was renamed Heshun. During the Kangxi period,
00:05:30it was named Heshun, meaning peace and prosperity, and elegantly named Heshun.
00:05:34。
00:05:40The seeds were already sown.
00:06:22It's like a fan slowly unfolding. The main street,
00:06:25Huaxiang Road, serves as the fan's edge, making it Heshun's widest and longest street,
00:06:29convenient for mule caravans to quickly trade and immediately depart.
00:06:32Extending from the fan-shaped edge up the mountain,
00:06:36most villagers gather together, forming one family
00:06:40per alley, possessing great strength.
00:07:13From
00:07:13the corner of the mountain, it goes to the support inside.
00:07:20Each street connects to a main gate for cleaning.
00:07:26It's for people in front of the door.
00:07:31From Huaxiang Road, heading south,
00:07:34from east to west are the four main alleys: Li Family, Da Shi, and He Family.
00:07:45Daqiao Xiang and Yin Family Xiang are mainly residential old houses, forming the ancient town's
00:07:49comprehensive living area. Li Family
00:07:52Lane is the residence of a family of teachers, which can be said to be the cultural
00:07:56and educational center of the ancient town. Da Shi
00:07:59Xiang, on the other hand, is where one of Tengchong's largest trading firms, Yongmaohe,
00:08:03is located, becoming a representative lane of overseas Chinese business culture.
00:08:06Around the four main lanes, there are many
00:08:10smaller lanes.
00:09:29Finally, pour a bowl of warm, cold-expelling brown sugar ginger water, and the preparation is complete.
00:09:32This high-calorie food can provide a
00:09:36sense of fullness and help people resist the humidity and cold
00:09:40of the mountains in the morning and evening.
00:09:44The people of the Central Plains from the border brought not only
00:09:48a regional flavor but also all their longing for home.
00:09:51。
00:09:56Walking through the streets of Heshun, you can easily see many
00:09:59typical characteristics of Chinese architecture. Three sides facing a screen wall,
00:10:03horse-running corner buildings, but you will suddenly be attracted by
00:10:07the South Asian style gates and European-style iron window grilles.
00:10:10光 。
00:10:16How did these Western-style architectural elements end up in
00:10:20this border town?
00:10:21This is also
00:10:34as a native of Tengchong, he compiled and published in 2006
00:10:37three books: "Historical Heshun," "Environmental Heshun," and
00:10:41"Residential Heshun," preserving traceable genes
00:10:45and blueprints for Heshun's unique architectural style.
00:10:4820
00:10:51years ago, I did a survey here.
00:12:25There is an intriguing detail: among the intricately carved
00:12:28Chinese window grilles, there is surprisingly a cast-iron
00:12:32floral window, and the patterns on the window even
00:12:35feature images from Western mythology such as unicorns.
00:12:39This is not an accidental mix-and-match; it's because the Heshun
00:12:43ancestors, who traveled far and wide, relied on mule caravans to bring
00:12:47cast-iron patterns from various countries back to their hometown.
00:12:50Within one window, East and West
00:12:54blend harmoniously.
00:13:06What's truly amazing is that
00:13:09as you walk along the main circular road, you will see a series
00:13:13of public buildings, a rural library with over 100,000
00:13:16volumes,
00:13:20and a well-regulated Wenchang Palace.
00:13:24。
00:13:57Jia Zhiwei, a private collector, lived during the Daoguang period. His grandfather was a member of the southbound mule caravan and established the Meixinghe trading firm.
00:14:12From this Daoguang period import release form in his collection,
00:14:17one can see the scale of trade at that time.
00:14:21The imported goods totaled 11,000 items.
00:14:25In accordance with the commercial and customs tariffs of the 20th year of Guangxu,
00:14:29they were released. The release form clearly indicated the types
00:14:33and quantities of goods, proving that the transactions were not small-scale
00:14:36local products, but rather large quantities of raw materials for textiles. Their origin pointed
00:14:40to Myanmar. The prosperity of this important hub on the southwestern Silk Road
00:14:44was evident. And what allowed
00:14:48this prosperity to be sustained was the Wanyouzi residential complex
00:14:52hidden in the Dashixiang of the ancient town.
00:14:57It was once the residence of the Li family of Yongmaohe, a famous trading firm in Heshun.
00:15:01底
00:15:02。
00:15:10In the late Qing Dynasty, Heshun had over 200 large and small trading firms,
00:15:13and over 20 of them were financially strong.
00:15:17The Li family of Yongmaohe was one of the three
00:15:21most powerful trading firms in Tengchong at that time.
00:15:31Yongmaohe truly began its business operations in the mid-Qing Dynasty, dealing in jade, silk, tea, porcelain, cotton,
00:15:34and matches. Suzhou embroidered
00:15:38screens and Chinese-style discussion chests were the eight major industries of that era.
00:15:42。
00:15:45Entering its courtyard is like stepping into a quiet period of old
00:15:49times. The family's reception hall, accounting room,
00:15:52and that safe that came all the way from England
00:15:56all seem to narrate the commercial story behind this
00:16:00mansion.
00:16:03At its peak, Yongmaohe had 14 branch companies.
00:16:07At the same time, it was engaged in import and export trade. Its dedication to the country
00:16:11was as far-reaching as its commercial empire.
00:16:14During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Heshun's overseas Chinese merchants,
00:16:18represented by Yongmaohe's Li family, donated 5 billion yuan
00:16:21to support the country in purchasing planes and cannons.
00:16:25买 飞 机 大 炮 。
00:16:28Having a sense of home and country is a shared quality of Heshun's overseas Chinese merchants.
00:16:32。
00:16:36East Alley, West Alley, Wanyouzi.
00:18:03Speaking of which, it's a long-standing story. 2.6 million years ago, the area where Heshun is located was still a geologically active volcanic zone with intense movement. The Indian
00:18:06plate and the Eurasian plate collided violently again,
00:18:10compressing and triggering a series of
00:18:14massive Quaternary volcanic eruptions. Hot, molten
00:18:18lava erupted from the ground, flowing across the
00:18:21mountains and plains, and then slowly cooled
00:18:24and solidified on the surface. Over time,
00:18:28volcanic rocks with varying textures and compositions
00:18:31formed around Heshun.
00:18:35This is it.
00:18:56This is precisely the best opportunity for ancestors to use their
00:18:59wisdom according to their talents. This volcanic rock has large
00:19:03pores, low hardness, good water absorption, good breathability.
00:19:07And it's easy to process, so it's very suitable for use as our
00:19:11building material. The unique
00:19:14honeycomb-like porous structure of volcanic rock allows it to breathe,
00:19:18absorb water, insulate heat, and prevent moisture.
00:19:22It perfectly adapts to the humid and rainy climate with large
00:19:25temperature differences between day and night. And the rock itself is hard,
00:19:29resistant to weathering, wear, and corrosion, enough to withstand
00:19:33a hundred years of wind and frost. Such naturally endowed
00:19:36materials, when met with skilled craftsmen, gave birth to
00:19:40the most acclaimed craftsmanship in Heshun architecture:
00:19:43the clear-water stone wall.
00:19:47You see its craftsmanship, each stone and every space between stones,
00:19:51it doesn't use modern sand or cement for adhesion. But
00:19:55the seams are so tight that not even a needle can fit in. This
00:19:58craftsmanship is our local typical clear-water stone
00:20:02wall craftsmanship. Volcanic rock
00:20:05blocks themselves are porous, coarse,
00:20:09and vary in size and thickness. Heshun's clear-water wall craftsmanship relies entirely on craftsmen manually grinding and leveling them,
00:20:13with very little use of cement mortar between
00:20:17the stones, entirely relying on craftsmen to perfectly fit
00:20:21and join each volcanic stone.
00:20:25Each volcanic stone forms a seamless whole. Heshun's
00:20:28architectural wisdom is deeply rooted in this volcanic land.
00:20:32Volcanoes not only endowed Heshun with the foundation
00:20:36of a prosperous home, but also shaped the local customs and topography, allowing
00:20:39this land to yield abundant fruits.
00:20:43。
00:20:49In the city,
00:21:08just to precisely pick fully ripe fruits. Yunnan small-grain coffee is one of the most representative coffee varieties in China, known for its characteristic
00:21:11full-bodied taste and floral and fruity aroma.
00:21:15In the 2022 International Coffee Quality Competition, it won the gold
00:21:19medal.
00:21:22The problem is that coffee likes hot and humid tropical climates. Why can
00:21:26Yunnan, far from the equator, produce world-class
00:21:30gold medal small-grain coffee? Speaking of which, this is a
00:21:34perfect match of geography and climate. Baoshan, Yunnan, is located
00:21:37near 25 degrees north latitude. The core area for coffee cultivation is at an altitude
00:21:41of 1,000 to 1,800 meters. The average annual temperature is
00:21:4518 to 22 degrees Celsius, and the entire year is warm
00:21:49and humid. Millions of years of volcanic activity
00:21:52have produced loose and fertile volcanic ash soil, rich in
00:21:56potassium, calcium, magnesium, and other minerals. Coupled with a daily temperature difference
00:22:00of nearly 20 degrees Celsius, coffee accumulates sufficient
00:22:04sugar and aromatic substances during the day, ultimately creating a unique
00:22:08flavor that is rich but not bitter, full-bodied and smooth,
00:22:11with distinct floral and fruity notes.
00:22:13。
00:23:42A border town with a population of less than 8,000 was able to build a public library with 130,000 volumes, a scale and ambition that was rare at the time.
00:23:45The library is closely associated with many cultural celebrities.
00:23:49后 ,
00:23:51Mathematician Xiong Qinglai inscribed, "For the people, by the people."
00:23:55Educator Guo Shaoyu inscribed, "The House of Books."
00:23:58, 徒 书 之 府
00:24:00。
00:24:03Today, after nearly a century, the Heshun Library
00:24:07has become the only national key cultural relic
00:24:10protection unit in the ancient town. It silently witnesses the persistent
00:24:14pursuit of knowledge and civilization by the local people.
00:24:17。
00:24:24The tradition of Heshun people valuing culture and education was
00:24:28deeply rooted in their hearts a hundred years ago.
00:24:31When the library was first established, due to inconvenient inland
00:24:35transportation, newspapers and magazines would take months to reach Heshun
00:24:38after numerous transfers. The librarians then entrusted fellow villagers
00:24:42in Myanmar to transport books and magazines from Shanghai
00:24:46and Guangzhou to Myanmar, and then back
00:24:49to the village. This route was twice as fast as the inland route.
00:24:52Thanks to this cross-border book channel, Heshun not only
00:24:56had early access to original foreign books in English, Burmese, etc.,
00:25:00but also, in that era of information scarcity,
00:25:04was the first to access new Chinese and foreign knowledge and advanced
00:25:07ideas, becoming the most well-informed news center in western Yunnan. Even intellectuals
00:25:11from Tengchong city would make special trips just to read the latest books
00:25:15and newspapers as soon as possible.
00:25:16。
00:25:21Turning the pages of history, Heshun people's cultural foundation
00:25:24was deeply rooted as early as the Ming and Qing dynasties.
00:25:28This border town once produced over 400 xiucai (scholars) and juren
00:25:32(provincial graduates), and in modern times, a group of influential
00:25:35outstanding figures emerged. Marxist philosopher Ai Siqi,
00:25:39with his "Popular Philosophy," enlightened countless
00:25:43people on the path to truth. He was praised by
00:25:47Mr. Sun Yat-sen as a leader of overseas Chinese and a nationalist.
00:26:11This dedication to culture has nourished generations
00:26:15of lives, even
00:26:16until
00:26:20today. In front of the library, there is now a lotus
00:26:23pond where many tourists
00:26:26take photos and check in every day.
00:26:29。
00:26:32However, few of them know that this lotus pond
00:26:36was once a swimming pool for Yiqun Middle School.
00:26:38。
00:26:42In 1940, Yiqun Middle School was founded, with educator Cun Shusheng
00:26:45serving as its first principal. In
00:26:49that era of war, it was extremely rare for a rural
00:26:53area to have a middle school, and Yiqun Middle School even
00:26:57built a swimming pool for
00:29:08affairs, tell our Chinese stories well, and
00:29:12inherit our excellent traditional Chinese culture.
00:29:15。
00:29:21Heshun's 600-year story has always answered the same
00:29:25question: How to create infinity within finitude
00:29:28and embrace the world while rooted in the local land.
00:29:34The courage to go out and the vision brought back transformed into
00:29:38Heshun's endless creativity, solidifying into
00:29:42a strong bond between Heshun and the wider world.
00:29:45。
00:29:47The way of Heshun is just a small part of Chinese civilization. Thousands
00:29:51of similar wisdoms grow and integrate in this land,
00:29:55jointly solidifying into the spiritual strength
00:29:59of the Chinese nation.