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00:00:52The second season of Chinese Craftsmanship will be broadcast exclusively by Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
00:00:57Millennial craftsmanship,
00:01:01wisdom to create the future.
00:02:05A thousand years of craftsmanship looks at Made in China. This is "Chinese Craftsmanship", a large-scale industrial culture program jointly launched by China Media Group
00:02:09and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Hello everyone, I'm your host
00:02:13Long Yang. Warm applause to welcome everyone.
00:02:26was carved onto bronze,
00:02:30Chinese people began a journey of creating quality
00:02:33with responsibility. From the "Kaogong Ji" (Records of Examining Crafts)
00:02:37more than 2,000 years ago, we see records of examining materials and measuring
00:02:41and assessing skills. Today, the spirit of "object-maker and official-in-charge"
00:02:45on major national artifacts, and the spirit of governing by objects and ruling by names
00:02:49has never been interrupted. Today, let us follow
00:02:52the historical trajectory to recognize those craftsmen in bronze ware,
00:02:56brick making, porcelain, and even the names on major national artifacts.
00:03:32Today, we are also very honored to invite experts from different fields to join us in
00:03:35tracing ancient craftsmanship wisdom and showcasing the beauty of contemporary industry.
00:03:39They are Zhang Gang, member of the National Manufacturing Powerhouse Construction Strategic Advisory Committee,
00:03:43and vice chairman of the China Standardization Expert Committee. Feng Lisheng,
00:03:46professor and director of the Institute of History of Science and Technology and Ancient Texts at Tsinghua University.
00:03:50Liu Rui, researcher at the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,
00:03:54and vice president of the Chinese Qin and Han History Research Society. .
00:03:58People who do archaeology, who deal with artifacts all year round,
00:04:03will find that the provisions that genuinely link objects with
00:04:07responsibility and accountability only began to appear in the middle
00:04:11of the Warring States period. The earliest mention in books
00:04:15was in "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" (Spring and Autumn Annals of Master Lu) in the late Warring States period.
00:04:19In "Lu Shi Chun Qiu", it is recorded that "Wu Le Gong Min" (object-maker and official-in-charge)
00:04:22examines the completion. If there is any impropriety in the work, the blame
00:04:25is sought to the end. Simply put,
00:04:28it means carving the names of the craftsmen, the makers, and the overseers
00:04:32onto the artifacts, so that every artifact can be inspected,
00:04:36traced, and held accountable. Thank you, Teacher Liu.
00:04:39People who study history can often see traces of "Wu Le Gong Min"
00:04:43on artifacts. On pottery from the Neolithic Age,
00:04:46we can already see many symbols carved by craftsmen.
00:04:50Many bronzes from the Shang Dynasty have inscriptions,
00:04:54craftsman's names, and the name of the owner, indicating ownership.
00:04:57By the Western Zhou Dynasty, the inscriptions shifted to honoring craftsmen,
00:05:01from inscribing the owner's name to gradually inscribing the maker's name,
00:05:05but they did not take the crucial step from mere inscription to
00:05:08accountability. It was not until the Warring States period
00:05:12that this step was truly achieved.
00:05:22there are traces of "Wu Le Gong Min" everywhere.
00:05:26From traditional industry to modern industry, quality traceability
00:05:29and lifelong responsibility have been consistent.
00:05:33From item carving
00:05:36to laser marking, from manual checking
00:05:39to digitalization. .
00:07:28Shang Yang's Fang Sheng and Lu Bu's Ge, these two artifacts,
00:07:32though used for different purposes, both embody the ancients' respect for standards
00:07:36and responsibility, and encode the same cultural
00:07:39code: "Wu Le Gong Min." .
00:07:44Hmm. Products must be sought, and work must be improved.
00:09:23Where is Gong Bo? Gong Bo is here again.
00:09:27If there is a discrepancy in this batch, you are to remake it within three days.
00:09:30If there is any further discrepancy, .
00:09:33I have something I don't understand.
00:09:43Don't you
00:10:14fear ?
00:10:17Fear comes from respect, which makes us realize the heavy responsibility.
00:10:21Carving names on objects is to engrave the responsibility
00:10:24of our generation into the lives of the common people,
00:10:28and to settle their anxieties.
00:10:30Affairs that have been recorded in history cannot be covered up
00:10:34by emotions or laws. Therefore, the heart
00:10:38should not betray the common people, so there is no
00:11:29The ancients carved names onto objects; modern people embed responsibility
00:11:32into manufacturing. Times change,
00:11:36but the belief of serving the country with skills has not changed. Technology evolves,
00:11:39but the spirit of "Wu Le Gong Min" and craftsmanship remain.
00:14:00were embodied through Shang Yang's Fang Sheng, allowing us to feel its precision.
00:14:04And this precision is backed by responsibility, otherwise, it would just be an empty text.
00:14:08From a person's name to a whole system, next, let's see
00:14:12how the "Wu Le Gong Min" system was fully established
00:14:16in the Qin state. Let's welcome
00:14:20the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology with applause.
00:14:24.
00:15:34Let's take a look at the inscription on the surface.
00:15:429
00:15:42years
00:15:50This inscription has a total of three lines and 21 characters,
00:15:53with five levels of officials and two levels of supervision. Xiang Bang Lv
00:15:57Bu represents the central government and is the highest supervisor.
00:16:01Shu Shou Xuan represents the local government and is the direct supervisor.
00:16:05The central and local governments are bound by two lines.
00:16:08From Xiang Bang to Gong Jiang, there are five levels of officials, 21 characters.
00:16:12Whoever causes a problem will be traced back to.
00:16:1621 characters, five levels of responsibility, from Xiang Bang to Gong Jiang,
00:16:20layer by layer, linked together. This gives us a more intuitive understanding of the "Wu Le Gong Min" system.
00:16:24I'd like to ask Professor Huang, with such a system,
00:16:28how did it gradually promote quality improvement?
00:16:32The system did not come out of thin air; it was built upon a large number of craftsmen's
00:16:35experiences. It was concentrated.
00:16:39In the "Records of Examining Crafts", it is recorded that one should examine
00:16:42the materials and processes to assess the skills. What kind
00:16:46of materials are most suitable for what kind of artifacts? However, even the best systems and standards
00:16:50ultimately need to be implemented in practice.
00:16:54Next, let's verify this through an experiment. Okay, let's get a direct feel for it.
00:16:58. Although these three artifacts
00:17:02。
00:17:10are completely identical in form, size, and dimensions,
00:17:13there are differences in their manufacturing process and materials.
00:17:17.
00:17:38Sometimes he can even use this part
00:17:41called Ge, which is also applicable today.
00:17:47All right, let's do it. It's just me. Yes, yes, yes.
00:18:05All right. This is a feeling.
00:18:19Wow! It split open with one chop.
00:18:38From my personal feel, the weights are all pretty similar.
00:18:42Is it based on weight
00:18:45? No, the key here is the alloy ratio.
00:18:49The "Records of Examining Crafts" records that four parts of copper and
00:18:53one part of tin are used for Ge. Copper is 80%,
00:18:56tin is 20%.
00:18:59This makes its hardness and toughness the most standard.
00:21:20With the name, the chain of responsibility becomes clear. Every
00:21:23process is overseen by someone. This is the origin of the modern
00:21:27traceable system. Thank you, Teacher Zhang.
00:21:31. From systems to standards, from standards
00:21:35to physical objects, the ancient "Lu Bu Wei Ge" (Lu Bu's Spear) allows us to feel
00:21:39the surging and unwavering power of civilization. That is a country
00:21:42that had already established this more than 2,000 years ago.
00:21:46. .
00:24:20Hmm. These symbols, we tend to believe,
00:24:24were likely drawn by the Nanyue people themselves. It's not ruled out that the Nanyue people had their own writing system,
00:24:28but it was later lost.
00:24:32Thank you, Teacher Liu, for your wonderful explanation.
00:24:44to the systematic construction at the institutional level, this was actually another
00:24:48qualitative leap. Teacher Zhang.
00:25:17More importantly, he linked personal honor to product quality.
00:25:20A name is a lifelong treasure. This has transcended the constraints
00:25:24of the system and risen to the level of cultural identity.
00:25:28This logic is still inherited
00:25:32in today's quality management system.
00:25:44Whose name should be carved on it then? This leads to division of labor and collaboration.
00:25:47.
00:25:50In the Warring States period, handicrafts also developed rapidly,
00:25:54and technology became more mature
00:25:58and complex.
00:26:00.
00:26:05It recorded five types of artisans: woodwork, metalwork,
00:26:08leatherwork, dyeing, pottery, and jade carving,
00:26:12six categories of craftsmanship and techniques, nearly 30 types of technical
00:26:15trades, requiring the cooperation of multiple trades to complete many
00:26:19artifacts. If there is a problem in one link or one process,
00:26:23then the quality of the entire piece will be affected.
00:26:27So in such a collaborative project with so many people, whose responsibility
00:26:31is it, and whose name should be carved? This is based on
00:26:35the system of the "Ci Zhe" (inspector). The craftsmen who actually make it have
00:26:38the "Ci Zhe" (inspector), and the management department also has its responsibilities. For example,
00:26:42the Terracotta Warriors unearthed from the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, the Terracotta Warriors,
00:26:46which are a marvel of the world, contain the "Wu Le Gong Min"
00:26:50system. Let's first watch a short video to see the secrets
00:26:54hidden in the names on the Terracotta Warriors. .
00:27:20that your skills in Yue's generation are famous.
00:27:21Neighbors all say you molded the pottery tiles, big brother?
00:27:28I've been molding clay with my grandpa since I was little. More than half of the kilns in the surrounding areas
00:27:38are from my hands. This time, I was able to come here to make
00:27:42warriors. I also owe it to Brother Zhao for recommending me.
00:27:45.
00:27:46This is truly a blessing for a small person.
00:27:50Don't you see? A warrior
00:27:53is built layer by layer from the footplate at the bottom.
00:27:57First, burn the footplate. Then, build the feet on the plate.
00:28:01The feet are solid and support hundreds of catties of weight.
00:28:05When it reaches the waist, change to coiling strips of clay to build up.
00:28:08Finally, attach the head and hands.
00:28:12From head to toe, it stands on that plate
00:28:15and cannot be moved easily. If any section goes wrong,
00:28:19the whole warrior has to be rebuilt. Each person is responsible for a section,
00:28:22which saves trouble and makes it faster. Saves trouble.
00:28:26You'll know when you try it. Your position is there. From today
00:28:30on, you will specialize in making feet.
00:28:32Feet? Isn't that too simple? In my hands, it's a matter of two or three strokes.
00:28:36Simple. A matter of two or three strokes.
00:28:40.
00:28:46One step and it falls. Don't underestimate these feet.
00:28:49.
00:28:54Master, look. This time it's done, right?
00:28:56.
00:29:03No matter how well the surface is repaired, if the base cannot withstand the force, it's useless.
00:29:06The clay in this foot is not compressed.
00:29:10It looks neat now, but when you start building the legs and torso
00:29:14on top, the entire warrior will
00:29:17lean this way. Warriors in the army cannot just seek quickness.
00:29:28. If you understand, then redo it.
00:29:33Remember, it's not enough for it to just look right.
00:29:37If the foundation is unstable, the more you build on it, the bigger the mistake.
00:29:41.
00:29:56not even a thread less. How much skill is hidden
00:30:00in this small ball of yellow clay?
00:30:03What we are molding in our hands is not clay, but people,
00:30:05brave and vigorous warriors of the great Qin
00:30:21with no way back. Behind us is our home and country, and before us
00:30:25is life and death. Let me ask you, do you want
00:30:28to become a qualified craftsman?
00:30:45This is called "Wu Le Gong Min." For all manufactured items,
00:30:47where it came from and who supervised its making must be recorded.
00:30:50If something is made incorrectly, or if there are any problems later,
00:30:54as long as you find this name,
00:30:58you can find out everything clearly. If it's made well,
00:31:02the credit is given under the name. If there are faults,
00:31:10. .
00:31:14The name carved on this
00:31:18is the company's name. Every process done by subordinates
00:31:22is ultimately borne by this name.
00:31:26.
00:31:29So carving a name is not just for posterity,
00:31:32but for responsibility. You once asked me when
00:31:35you could also carve your name on something.
00:31:39. This warrior, from
00:31:43head to toe, is yours.
00:31:47Today, you can bear this responsibility.
00:31:51You can do it.
00:32:12Our warrior brothers come from different regions.
00:32:29The masters from all directions worked together. Why can they be arranged into such a strict and grand formation? Because of rules. And because of our hearts as craftsmen. Brother Zhao. Will our names
00:32:32be remembered?
00:32:34.
00:33:02he is responsible for everyone's work. Indeed, the name carved
00:33:06signifies lifelong accountability. Therefore, today we have specially invited
00:33:10a guest to explain the mysteries of the Terracotta Warriors in detail.
00:33:14Let's give a round of applause.
00:34:15is this body. Is the real Terracotta Army also divided by labor in this way? From archaeological discoveries,
00:34:19this division of labor in the Terracotta Warriors is very clear. A single
00:34:23Terracotta Warrior from head to toe cannot be completed by one pair of hands.
00:34:27The torso is built up layer by layer using the coiling method, the head is sculpted separately,
00:34:30and the arms and legs are also
00:34:34made separately. Finally, they are glued
00:34:38and assembled into one piece. Each artisan specializes
00:34:42in their own skill and fulfills their responsibility. .
00:38:26.
00:38:57It took a total of 28 years to build. We
00:39:01currently have an estimate, but the remaining length of the Ming Dynasty city wall is
00:39:0435.267 kilometers. We still have
00:39:0725.091 kilometers. We once made statistics. How many
00:39:11bricks were used for this city wall? Each brick
00:39:15was transported from five provinces in the middle and lower reaches
00:39:19of the Yangtze River, but in the Ming Dynasty, it was 35 prefectures,
00:39:2311 prefectures, 174 counties, and
00:39:27others.
00:39:57This is a Ming Dynasty brick from Huangzhou Prefecture, Qizhou, Qishui County.
00:40:01This is the brick with the most levels of official inscriptions currently found
00:40:05on our city walls. It has a total of 11 levels
00:40:08of officials, which means that the names of all 11 levels of officials responsible for this brick
00:40:12are inscribed on it.
00:40:19these three levels have six names on them. This means there are six levels of people.
00:40:23In addition, the workers include
00:42:40I brought a Ming Dynasty brick from the museum.
00:42:43Everyone can do some tests. In addition,
00:42:47we also brought a replica brick,
00:42:59has a plastic side and a rubber side. We also use such
00:43:03small hammers to test the bricks. It will not
00:43:12This is in line with our regulations. We are protective. How old is this brick?
00:43:16About 650 years old. So, imagine
00:43:20how excited I am today. I'm using this hammer to tap
00:43:24this brick that our craftsmen made more than 650 years ago.
00:43:27.
00:44:07one is louder. Brighter.
00:46:40Then there's also the kiln master and kiln manager. This is specifically
00:46:44for firing kilns, which also requires a lot of technical expertise. So there are two
00:46:47people from your family here.
00:46:48.
00:48:26Welcome, Teacher Zhang. What kind of experiment
00:48:28will you bring us today? We
00:48:32did some physical mechanics experiments. This one
00:48:35is for measuring the hardness of bricks. If its surface is scratched, then its rebound value
00:48:39will be smaller. This is called a rebound tester. And this one
00:48:43is called an ultrasonic testing instrument.
00:49:23About 40. As you can see. Now the ultrasonic
00:49:26waves. This is like giving the brick a physical exam.
00:49:30Yes. You see this speed
00:49:34is 1.8,
00:49:47values? 1.836,
00:49:501.786, 1.786. So let's have
00:50:52.
00:50:57Welcome, Teacher Xiao Wang.
00:52:31Nanhai No. 1, and other such things.
00:53:35Crossing the Strait of Malacca to the Indian Ocean, like these countries in South Asia
00:53:39and regions, and the Persian Gulf. All the way to
00:53:43the East Coast of Africa.
00:54:35It says "Jinan Liu Family Gongfu Zheng" (Jinan Liu Family's Gongfu Needle).
00:54:39Oh, it's selling steel needles. There's a rabbit
00:54:42in the middle. Which rabbit? This side says "Ren Men Qian" (Ren Men Money),
00:54:46"Bai Tu Er Wei Ji" (White Rabbit as a Mark). So, if you want to buy needles,
00:54:50you should go to Jinan, this Liu
00:54:54Family's "Bai Er Zi Hao" (White Rabbit Brand) to buy my needles. If another family also
00:54:57calls itself Liu Family Needle Shop, then you should pay attention to whether their shop has the White Rabbit pounding medicine image.
00:56:05This system has been established for thousands of years and still influences today's modern industrial
00:56:09manufacturing. .
00:56:12The Fuxing Hao (Rejuvenation) high-speed train embodies the "Wu Le Gong Min" of the new era.
00:56:16Next, let's welcome Yao Zhihui, senior technician and electrician
00:56:20from the Fuxing Hao assembly line, to explore the "Wu Le Gong Min" in the Fuxing Hao
00:56:43Welcome, Teacher Yang. Hello everyone, I am an assembly worker for the Fuxing Hao.
00:56:53So, in your opinion, how do you think the Fuxing Hao embodies the "Wu Le Gong Min"
00:56:57in its manufacturing? In fact, in the production process
00:57:01of the Fuxing Hao, every process has "Wu Le Gong Min."
00:57:49The Fuxing Hao high-speed train project won the National Science and Technology Progress
00:57:53Award, Special Prize. Since it began operation, it has accumulated
00:58:10officer. Today my mission is to delve into the Fuxing Hao,
00:58:13the entire manufacturing process, and uncover the clues hidden deep within the high-speed train.
00:58:52CL plus five digits
00:58:54This component is called measurement, CL
00:58:56is its Chinese pronunciation
00:58:58It starts from 0001, accumulating numbers
00:59:02Then the names of the craftsmen of each relevant department are recorded in the new drawing
00:59:06Why is there such a flow? Because at a speed of over 300 kilometers per hour, the impact force on the vehicle is all borne by the structure.
01:00:53every cable will have a
01:01:01then the tools assembled on and under the train
01:01:05are the nerves and blood vessels of the train. For the tens of thousands of cables on the vehicle,
01:01:09we will attach a dedicated work number and label,
01:01:12ensuring that any connection
01:01:20made artifacts and carved names for accountability, and now
01:01:24they attach labels to pipes and processes. Behind these small labels
01:03:05for a single screw to the technical breakthroughs in core components,
01:03:09and then to the mass delivery of complete vehicles, financial guarantees allow
01:03:13each enterprise to focus on public welfare
01:03:20of the Fuxing Hao. It is no longer just an inscription on an artifact,
01:03:23but a biometric data fingerprint, lines of cloud logs,
01:03:27and real-name registrations.
01:03:53After watching the short film, I was truly deeply moved. High-end manufacturing needs stable development, top-notch
01:03:57craftsmanship, and smooth financial guarantees. Both are indispensable.
01:04:01From the entire process of the Fuxing Hao, we can see that "Wu Le Gong Min"
01:04:05has a brand new way of opening up in modern factories. That is,
01:04:08the craftsmen dedicate themselves to guarding safety,
01:04:12so that every signed
01:04:27responsibility is deeply embedded in every step.
01:05:50value that needs to be applied to each part of its screws is different.
01:05:54Therefore, we use this intelligent torque wrench
01:08:34It was the first independent exploration of EMU technology in China. From the entire vehicle body
01:08:38structure to the equipment and tools on the train, everything relied on domestic production.
01:08:53KDZ1, the preceding letters are the initials of our Chinese pinyin, and we have two explanations for it. One of them is a joke among ourselves, we say,
01:09:20KKDC.
01:09:23In the 1980s, there was no digital system, but at that time, when we recorded archives, it should have been handwritten, right?
01:09:37drawing archive. It also introduces
01:09:39KDZWE's entire R&D process. Hmm. .
01:10:12Professor Xu, you can see the bottom right of our drawing, such as our
01:10:16drawing personnel, review personnel, yes,
01:10:41we can see our electric kettle.
01:11:13Adopting advanced technologies such as ultra-island materials is currently our
01:11:16country's completely independent research and development of ultra-fast transportation equipment.
01:11:26such as the blue model in front of us,
01:11:30which is our hydrogen energy urban rail train. We
01:11:34also have hydrogen energy cultural tourism trains, and the fastest
01:11:37hydrogen energy EMU.
01:13:35the solemn commitment of "Wu Le Gong Min" in the new era at every node
01:13:44what it felt like to participate in the Bird's Nest project.
01:13:48That experience must have been a milestone for you, right?
01:13:52. It's a project that is not understood.
01:15:54I want to know
01:18:19I built the Bird's Nest for my country, but when the actual
01:18:28opportunity was very precious to them. They learned a lot of
01:18:42explored this welding technique
01:18:46and created a classic model of ultra-thick
01:18:49welding. The Bird's Nest's welding seams are
01:19:42who, with their love for the country, completed a world-class
01:19:54file folder you brought today?
01:21:02a steel dragon
01:21:47Hello, Teacher Ke. I think it's necessary to take some time to introduce
01:21:51Teacher Ke Fei's
01:21:59and development of our country's first hard rock TBM,
01:22:03achieving a breakthrough from zero to one in domestically produced hard rock TBMs.
01:22:07Afterwards,
01:22:09he presided over the research and development of the world's first dual-structure hard rock TBM "Xueyu Xianfeng" (Snow Jade Pioneer),
01:22:13the first domestic high-pressure waterjet
01:22:16hard rock TBM "Longyan" (Dragon Rock), and the world's first ultra-small radius
01:22:20hard rock TBM "Wendeng" (Wen Deng) and many
01:22:23other hard rock TBMs.
01:22:45of the name
01:22:52the difference between this hard rock TBM
01:23:20Today, we also have a TBM on stage. .
01:24:01This is a very encouraging thing, and I know that Hefei Hao is also the first domestic
01:24:05hard rock TBM named after a person.
01:26:25Once we encounter problems in the design and production environment,
01:26:29we can go into the system and find a very
01:26:31strict and traceable chain of responsibility.
01:26:35.
01:26:36No slack, no breaks.
01:26:40We have established a three-pronged quality control system. . Even if it's about to leave the factory, as long as it's discovered,
01:26:44.
01:26:47That is, as the operator, after you finish, .
01:27:20you must perform self-inspection according to the standard.
01:27:24The second is that our operators must cross-check each other.
01:27:27The third is the inspection by professional inspectors. If any of these three inspections are not qualified, the product will not be shipped.
01:27:31I think this is definitely an upgraded version of the ancient "Wu Le Gong Min" because "Wu Le Gong Min" checks the composition of the body.
01:27:40inspection, examination, testing.
01:27:50Behind a major national artifact
01:27:57salute all the builders on the front line.
01:28:01Thank you for coming to our show. Thank you.
01:28:14your trusted bank by your side. .
01:28:18The second season of Chinese Craftsmanship
01:28:21is exclusively sponsored by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
01:28:25. Millennial
01:28:28craftsmanship, wisdom to create the future.
01:29:34From the law of coin prevention to the words of the last month, Boron Gong Min achieved
01:29:57from the traces of ingenious craftsmanship
01:31:03Millennial craftsmanship, wisdom to