Original Broadcaster Captioning (Enhanced). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:37SO GOOD MORNING, EVERYBODY.
00:00:40THIS IS OUR WALKING TOUR IN
00:00:42HONOR OF AMERICA'S 250TH ANNIVERSARY.
00:00:46IT IS GOING BE PART OF A LARGER SERIES THAT ARE DOING THIS YEAR
00:00:50IN 2026. SO I HOPE YOU WILL COME OUT AND
00:00:52JOIN US FOR THOSE NAME IS ALISON FINKELSTEIN. I'M SENIOR HISTORIAN HERE.
00:00:56I'M JOINED BY ROB GAINER, WHO IS OUR CURATOR, AND WE WILL BE YOUR
00:01:02GUIDES. I ALSO JUST WANT TO TAKE A TO
00:01:04RECOGNIZE OUR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, MISS KAREN DURHAM
00:01:08AGUILERA, WHO IS HERE TO HELP CELEBRATE AMERICA'S 2/50 WITH
00:01:11WITH US. SO WHAT I'M GOING TO DO BECAUSE
00:01:15IT'S LITTLE BIT SUNNY RIGHT HERE IS I'M TO ACTUALLY MOVE US INTO
00:01:17A SHADIER AREA SO WE CAN DO OUR
00:01:21INTRODUCTION THERE AND GO AHEAD AND GET STARTED. DOES THAT WORK FOR EVERYBODY. EXCELLENT.
00:01:24ALL RIGHT. SO YOU CAN FOLLOW US.
00:01:26WE'LL TRY AND GET SOME SHADE.
00:01:32OKAY. NOW, THERE SOMETHING IMPORTANT WE HAVE TO SHARE WITH YOU.
00:01:36THIS MORNING. THERE IS A FUNERAL HAPPENING IN SECTION ONE RIGHT OVER THERE,
00:01:42WHICH WHERE WE ARE GOING TO BE DOING MANY OF OUR STOPS ARE AN
00:01:44ACTIVE MILITARY CEMETERY AND
00:01:47BURIALS ARE OUR AND FOREMOST PRIORITY.
00:01:50SO ASK FOR YOUR PATIENCE AND YOUR RESPECT. THIS MORNING, WE'RE GOING TO BE
00:01:54DOING A LITTLE BIT MORE TALKING IN THIS AREA THAN WE WOULD WE'D
00:01:57USUALLY TRY AND TALK AND WALK AT THE SAME TIME.
00:02:01BUT WE REALLY WANT TO ENSURE THAT THAT FUNERAL HAS THE
00:02:03PRIVACY THAT THEY DESERVE. SO IF YOU FEEL LIKE WE'RE
00:02:06STAYING IN, JUST BEAR WITH US. AND I PROMISE WILL GET YOU OUT
00:02:10TO THOSE SECTIONS.
00:02:12WE ARE AN ACTIVE MILITARY SO
00:02:14PLEASE ALSO TAKE PHOTOS OF THE
00:02:18FUNERAL AND WE'LL JUST TRY TO BE
00:02:19AS RESPECT AS WE CAN SO GET
00:02:23STARTED AND LET'S START TALKING ABOUT THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
00:02:26SO IF YOU'RE AT ALL FAMILIAR WITH ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY, YOU MIGHT BE THINKING,
00:02:30ALISON, HOW ARE EVEN DOING A TOUR ABOUT THE AMERICAN
00:02:34REVOLUTION AT ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY? BECAUSE THIS CEMETERY WAS NOT
00:02:38STARTED UNTIL THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR IN 1864.
00:02:42AND HAS ANYBODY WONDERED THAT THERE IS NO SHAME? OKAY, GOOD.
00:02:46COUPLE OF PEOPLE HAVE WONDERED THAT. THAT IS REALLY THE BASIC PREMISE
00:02:49OF OUR TOUR, WHY AND HOW CAN WE TALK ABOUT THE AMERICAN
00:02:53REVOLUTION AT ARLINGTON AND THROUGH VISITS TO GRAVES AND
00:02:56MEMORIALS, WE ARE GOING TO LEARN
00:02:58HOW PIECE BY PIECE, GRAVE BY
00:03:01ARLINGTON CAME TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MEMORY OF THE AMERICAN
00:03:05REVOLUTION. AND WE HAVE ONE MAJOR TAKEAWAY
00:03:07WE WANT YOU TO UNDERSTAND THIS IS THE BIG IDEA THAT WOULD BE ON
00:03:11THE TEST AT THE END OF THE TOUR. WE WERE ALLOWED TO GIVE YOU A TEST.
00:03:13I PROMISE THERE WILL NOT BE.
00:03:15BUT THE BIG IDEA AS FOLLOWS
00:03:19ALTHOUGH ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY, FOUNDED 80 YEARS AFTER
00:03:22THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, AS THE
00:03:25CEMETERY EVOLVED, IT BECAME A
00:03:27PLACE WHERE THE LEGACY OF THE
00:03:29NATION'S FOUNDING CONFLICT IS ALONGSIDE THE CIVIL WAR AND
00:03:33VETERANS FROM ALL OF AMERICAN
00:03:36HISTORY, FROM THE 1890S THROUGH THE 1940S, 11 VETERANS OF THE
00:03:40AMERICAN REVOLUTION WERE REINTERRED AT ARLINGTON IN
00:03:45SECTIONS ONE AND SECTION TWO BEHIND US. THESE ARE OUR MAIN STOPS
00:03:51DEPENDING TIME WE ARE GOING TO VISIT SIX OF THOSE GRAVES TODAY.
00:03:54THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE IS ALSO COMMEMORATED WITH MEMORIAL TREES
00:03:58ON THIS LANDSCAPE AND ON THE VERY EDIFICE AT THE CENTER OF
00:04:02OUR NATION'S MILITARY COMMEMORATIVE EVENTS, MEMORIAL
00:04:06AMPHITHEATER, WHICH IS OUR CONCLUDING STOP TODAY.
00:04:08SO THE EMPHASIS OF OUR HIKE IS
00:04:11ON HOW AMERICANS COMMEMORATED
00:04:13THE REVOLUTION AT ARLINGTON. YES. WE WILL TALK SOME ABOUT BATTLES
00:04:17AND THE OVERARCHING GOALS OF THE REVOLUTION BUT WE'RE MOSTLY
00:04:20GOING TO BE DISCUSSING HOW ITS
00:04:22LEGACY CAN BE SEEN HERE AT ARLINGTON.
00:04:24OUR FOCUS ON COMMEMORATION AND WHAT IT MEANS TO HAVE
00:04:30REVOLUTIONARY WAR VETERANS BURIED ON THE CEMETERY IS 639
00:04:34ACRES NOT FAR THE GRAVES OF
00:04:36SERVICE MEMBERS SPANNING 250
00:04:39YEARS OF OUR NATION'S HISTORY.
00:04:41WE DO NEED SOME BRIEF INFORMATION ON TWO TOPICS,
00:04:45THOUGH, TO ACTUALLY THE MEMORY
00:04:47OF THE REVOLUTION. ARLINGTON FIRST, WE NEED TO DO A
00:04:51QUICK OVERVIEW OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. UNLESS YOU'VE WATCHED EVERY HOUR
00:04:54OF KEN NEW SERIES, I CAN'T ASSUME THAT EVERYBODY'S STARTING
00:04:58FROM THE SAME PLACE. AND THEN SECOND, WE NEED TO A QUICK INTRODUCTION TO THE
00:05:03HISTORY, THE CEMETERY ITSELF. ANY QUESTIONS?
00:05:07FAR EXCELLENT. SO I'M GOING TO START WITH THAT
00:05:10BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO, THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
00:05:13SO JUST OUT TO ME, WHAT ARE SOME WORDS THAT COME MIND WHEN YOU
00:05:16THINK OF THE REVOLUTION REVOLUTION? WHAT WAS THAT?
00:05:20GEORGE WASHINGTON YES. YES, MA'AM. SORRY.
00:05:24THE CONSTITUTION YUP, THAT'S AN
00:05:27IMPORTANT RESULT THE MOST IMPORTANT RESULT OF THE REVOLUTION.
00:05:30BUNKER HILL, BOSTON.
00:05:34I HEARD A COUPLE OTHERS. WHAT ABOUT TAXES?
00:05:38LIBERTY, FREEDOM, INDEPENDENCE,
00:05:42VALOR, HYPOCRISY SELF-RULE.
00:05:44THOMAS JEFFERSON COULD GO ON AND ON.
00:05:48THERE ARE SO MANY THINGS THAT WE ASSOCIATE THE REVOLUTION. AND DEPENDING ON YOUR
00:05:52PERSPECTIVE, MAY BE QUITE DIFFERENT. I DO HAVE ASK, DO WE HAVE ANY
00:05:55BRITISH GUESTS WITH US TODAY? IT'S OKAY. YOU ARE SAFE HERE.
00:05:59ANY BRITS? OKAY. IF WE HAD ANY BRITISH, THEY
00:06:03MIGHT HAVE SOME DIFFERENT WORDS TO. SHARE WITH US WHEN THEY THINK
00:06:05ABOUT THE AMERICAN.
00:06:07BUT WE'RE ALL MOSTLY AMERICANS TODAY.
00:06:10SO WE CAN WE CAN HOPEFULLY ON LIBERTY, INDEPENDENCE AND,
00:06:14FREEDOM. YES, MA'AM. YES, MA'AM.
00:06:16WE GET VISITORS FROM EVERY EVERY
00:06:19NATION IN THE WORLD, GET HEADS
00:06:21OF STATE OF.
00:06:30FRANCE FRANCE. AND WE WE CAN REALLY BE GLOBAL.
00:06:35SO, MA'AM, I THINK I'LL ADD TO MY LIST PESKY COLONIALS,
00:06:38DEPENDING ON ON WHICH DIGNITARIES WE HAVE WITH US TODAY.
00:06:42THANK YOU. THAT'S WHY I HAD. I HAVE TO ASK. WE HAVE TO BE CAREFUL.
00:06:45BUT AT ITS CORE, FROM THE AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE, AT LEAST
00:06:48THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION WAS, A GROUND BREAKING EFFORT BY GREAT
00:06:53BRITAIN'S 13 AMERICAN COLONIES TO SEPARATE FROM THE BRITISH
00:06:55EMPIRE AND A NEW INDEPENDENT
00:06:59BASED ON SELF-RULE AND REPRESENTATION.
00:07:02THIS CONFLICT HAD ITS ORIGINS AND DECADES OF DISCORD AND
00:07:06DISCUSSION OVER HOW GOVERNED AND
00:07:08TAXED THESE COLONIES.
00:07:10A LOT OF ITS ORIGINS CAME FROM FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, ALSO
00:07:14KNOWN, AS THE SEVEN YEARS WAR, WHICH TOOK PLACE FROM 1754 TO 1763.
00:07:20THIS CONFLICT PITTED GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE AGAINST EACH
00:07:23OTHER IN IMPERIAL CONFLICT OVER
00:07:26LAND HERE IN NORTH AMERICA AND. IT INCURRED GREAT COSTS TO THE
00:07:30BRITISH. TO HELP RECOVER THOSE COSTS, THE
00:07:33BRITISH GOVERNMENT IMPOSED NEW
00:07:35TAXES AND LAWS ON ITS AMERICAN COLONIES.
00:07:39THIS THE COLONISTS AND IGNITED
00:07:41ABOUT SELF-GOVERNANCE TAXATION
00:07:43WITHOUT REPRESENTATION. AND THE VERY FUTURE OF THE
00:07:48COLONIES. TENSIONS ESCALATED AND INTO VIOLENCE IN 1770, WITH THE
00:07:51BOSTON MASSACRE.
00:07:54AND IN 1775 IT TURNED INTO ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN THE COLONIAL
00:07:58MILITIA AND THE BRITISH AT
00:08:00LEXINGTON AND CONCORD IN 1775,
00:08:03THE AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS CREATED THE CONTINENTAL
00:08:07ARMY WITH GEORGE WASHINGTON. THE VIRGINIAN, VETERAN OF THE
00:08:10FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, APPOINTED AS COMMANDER.
00:08:14ALL OUT WAR WAS NOW INEVITABLE, AND THE PATRIOTS WERE FACING THE
00:08:18FORMIDABLE BULL ARMY. THE BRITISH POSSIBLY.
00:08:21MANY HISTORIANS, THE STRONGEST
00:08:24MILITARY THE WORLD AT THAT TIME, THE COLONISTS WERE TRYING TO OFF
00:08:28THE YOKE OF EMPIRE FORGE A NEW.
00:08:30STILL UNDECIDED A DEMOCRATIC
00:08:33NATION UNLIKE THE WORLD HAD YET SEEN. TODAY.
00:08:36THIS MIGHT SEEM US A GIVEN. RIGHT.
00:08:39OF COURSE THE UNITED STATES WOULD SURVIVE AND BECOME A DEMOCRACY.
00:08:43BUT WE CANNOT UNDERESTIMATE
00:08:45RADICALISM OF THIS ENDEAVOR.
00:08:47AT THE TIME THE FOR INDEPENDENCE LASTED FOR EIGHT YEARS.
00:08:52THE AMERICAN PATRIOTS ENDURED MANY DEFEATS AND CHALLENGES AND
00:08:55THE OUTCOME WAS FAR CERTAIN,
00:08:58PARTICULARLY IN THE WAR'S FIRST YEARS, THE CONTINENTAL ARMY
00:09:01STRUGGLED TERRIBLY FROM THE DEFEAT AT BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.
00:09:06IN AUGUST 1776 TO THE HARDSHIPS
00:09:08OF THE VALLEY FORGE WINTER.
00:09:10VICTORY SEEMED ELUSIVE.
00:09:12YES, THE AMERICAN SUCCESS SARATOGA DID BRING SOME HOPE AND
00:09:16CONVINCED THE FRENCH TO BECOME ALLY OF THE UNITED STATES.
00:09:19AND IT WAS THAT POSSIBILITY OF A
00:09:21FRENCH ALLIANCE THAT PLAYED A
00:09:23MAJOR ROLE IN THE EVENTUAL OUTCOME OF THE WAR.
00:09:26AND IT ALSO THE PATRIOT CAUSE A YOUNG FRENCH OFFICER, AN ARTIST
00:09:31NAMED, PIERRE L'ENFANT, WHO WOULD DECADES BE BURIED HERE AT
00:09:36ARLINGTON. WE WILL BE VISITING HIS GRAVE.
00:09:38AS THE WAR PROGRESSED THE FLEDGE LAYING UNITED STATES TRIED TO
00:09:41FIND ITS FOOTING EVEN AS ITS VERY EXISTENCE WAS IN QUESTION.
00:09:45BATTLES TOOK PLACE AND DOWN THE EAST COAST THE FRENCH OTHER
00:09:49FOREIGN NATIONALS LIKE THE PRUSSIAN OFFICER BARON VON
00:09:51STEUBEN LENT, THEIR SUPPORT TO THE CONTINENTALS AND LOYALIST
00:09:55AND PATRIOT NEIGHBORS PEOPLE WHO
00:09:58KNEW EACH OTHER OPPOSED OTHER IN
00:10:00BATTLE, ESPECIALLY IN THE SOUTH,
00:10:02WHERE THE WAR TOOK ON DIMENSION CAUSE OF A CIVIL WAR.
00:10:06THE TIDE OF THE WAR TOOK A DECISIVE TURN IN FAVOR OF THE
00:10:08PATRIOT CAUSE IN 1781, WITH
00:10:11CRITICAL SUPPORT FROM THE FRENCH ON LAND AND ON SEA.
00:10:15THE ALLIED FRANCO-AMERICAN DEFEATED THE BRITISH GENERAL,
00:10:19LORD CORNWALLIS AT YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA, AND WITH THE TREATY OF
00:10:23PARIS IN 1783. THE WAR CAME TO AN END AND THE
00:10:25UNITED STATES HAD TO TAKE ON A NEW CHALLENGE DETERMINING HOW TO
00:10:30CREATE AND GOVERN AN ENTIRELY DEMOCRACY.
00:10:33SO THAT YOUR VERY BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN
00:10:37REVOLUTION. ANY QUESTIONS BEFORE WE TURN TO
00:10:39THE HISTORY OF THIS PROPERTY
00:10:41ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY?
00:10:47ALL RIGHT. SO I'M GOING TO TURN IT OVER TO ROD FOR THAT SEGMENT OF THE TOUR, AND WE'LL FOCUS THAT BEFORE CONTINUING ON.
00:10:53AND ALSO GOING TO KEEP A VERY CLOSE EYE ON THAT FUNERAL,
00:10:55MAINTAINING OUR RESPECT. IT.
00:10:59THANK YOU, ALISON. I APPRECIATE IT.
00:11:01I WOULD BE REMISS. AGAIN, I'M ROD GAINER.
00:11:04I'M THE COMMAND CURATOR. I WOULD BE REMISS IF I DIDN'T CALL OUT JOHN MOSS.
00:11:08WHERE'S JOHN? JOHN, WHERE ARE YOU? JOHN IS ACTUALLY ONE OF THE PREEMINENT AUTHORITIES OF THE
00:11:12AMERICAN WRITING TODAY. HE'S WRITTEN SEVERAL GOOD BOOKS.
00:11:15SO HE'S HE'S QUITE WONDERFUL RESOURCE THAT THE BIGGER HAS ALL
00:11:19YOUR QUESTIONS. YEAH PLEASE.
00:11:23WHAT I'M GOING TO DO NOW IS GIVE YOU A BRIEF HISTORY OF ARLINGTON
00:11:26WHERE WE CAME FROM HOW WE CAME TO BE THIS ENTIRE PLOT OF LAND
00:11:31TO INCLUDE MOST OF THE NEARBY TOWN OF ROSLYN ONCE BELONGED TO
00:11:34THE CUSTER'S FAMILY. THEY WERE A BIG DEAL IN COLONIAL
00:11:39VIRGINIA. MARTHA WASHINGTON. YOU EVER HEARD OF THEM? HER FIRST HUSBAND WAS AUGUSTUS.
00:11:42SO THESE WERE DIRECT DESCENDANTS. HE BEFORE THE WAR.
00:11:48NONETHELESS, SON. JOHN PARKER. JAMES EXCUSE PARK CUSTER SERVES
00:11:50AS A STAFF OFFICER. GEORGE WASHINGTON.
00:11:53HE WILL DIE AFTER THE SURRENDER OF.
00:11:56YORKTOWN OF CAMP FEVER.
00:11:58BUT HE DOES HAVE A SON TO CARRY ON THE LINE.
00:12:01THAT SON WILL BE NAMED GEORGE WASHINGTON.
00:12:05JAMES PARK CUSTIS. AND HE WILL DO EVERYTHING HE CAN
00:12:07DO TO HONOR THE NAME. HIS STEP GRANDFATHER OR
00:12:11STEPFATHER.
00:12:12IT IS IT IS THE HE SETTLED UPON
00:12:16THIS LAND AND HE DESIGN. IT IS A WORKING PLANTATION. AND IT IS WORKED BY ENSLAVED PEOPLE.
00:12:20THE HOUSE IS LARGELY CONSTRUCTED WITH THE HELP OF ENSLAVED PEOPLE.
00:12:24THIS IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER, BUT THE HOUSE IS DESIGNED TO OVERLOOK THE NEW CAPITAL, WHICH
00:12:28WAS ESTABLISHED, OF COURSE, REESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION AND JAMES WATT, OLD
00:12:32MAN CUSTIS TO DO IS GET AS MUCH
00:12:35WASHINGTON MEMORABILIA AS HE POSSIBLY CAN.
00:12:38THE IDEA IS COME TO VISIT CAPITAL. YOU CAN CROSS OVER THE POTOMAC
00:12:42UP AND SEE SOME OF GEORGE WASHINGTON SORTS.
00:12:44ANYBODY BEEN TO THE AMERICAN
00:12:46MUSEUM AND YOU SEE WASHINGTON'S
00:12:50TENT ALONG THE IT WAS ORIGINALLY HERE BEFORE WAS TAKEN THE
00:12:54SMITHSONIAN DURING THE UNION OCCUPATION. IT WAS KIND OF STUFF.
00:12:58WELL, THAT STUFF DIDN'T COME CHEAP EVEN THEN. GEORGE WASHINGTON STUFF WAS
00:13:02REALLY IN DEMAND. SO THE PLANTATION SOON IN
00:13:06ARREARS, BAD ARREARS. NOW HIS CHILD IN THE 1830S IS
00:13:10HIS DAUGHTER, MARY CUSTIS, AND
00:13:12SHE WILL MARRY A RISING YOUNG
00:13:14ARMY OFFICER IRONICALLY ALSO AND
00:13:18ADOPT STEP GRANDSON OR AN
00:13:19ADOPTED GRANDSON OF GEORGE NAMED
00:13:23NOW VERY GOOD. HE NEVER OWNED THE PROPERTY, BUT
00:13:27HE MARRIED INTO IT. IT WOULD HAVE PASSED TO THEIR ELDEST SON, CUSTIS.
00:13:31SEE SOME OF THESE NAMES GOING ON AND ON AND ON, WHO ALSO WAS A
00:13:34CONFEDERATE GENERAL. BUT OF COURSE, THE CIVIL WAR ENDS ALL THAT.
00:13:37WE RETURN HERE IN 1857, THE
00:13:42PLANTATION IS IN BAD SHAPE. AND HE WILL BE HERE AT THE OF
00:13:45THE CIVIL WAR 1861, VIRGINIA
00:13:48ELECTS TO JOIN THE CONFEDERACY. LEE THROWS HIS SWORD IN WITH THE CONFEDERACY AND DEPARTS FOR
00:13:52RICHMOND THE DAY VIRGINIA VOTES
00:13:54TO RATIFY SECESSION IN MAY OF 61.
00:13:57THE ARMY OVER THE NOW DEFUNCT
00:14:01BRIDGE AND OCCUPIES THIS HIGH
00:14:04GROUND SECOND U.S. DRAGOONS BEING THE FIRST UP HERE.
00:14:06AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THESE HEIGHTS, EVEN EVEN WITH CIVIL
00:14:10WAR ARTILLERY, YOU CAN RANGE ANY GOVERNMENT EASILY.
00:14:12SO IT DIDN'T MATTER WHO OWNED THE LAND.
00:14:16IT GOING TO BE TAKEN BY 62 OF
00:14:18THE LAND IS OFFICIALLY SEIZED, FAILURE TO PAY TAXES.
00:14:21AND IT DOESN'T HELP THE LEE'S CAUSE THAT HE'S LEADING AN ARMY
00:14:25REBELLION IN THE FIELD AGAINST THE UNION.
00:14:28THE HOUSE WAS ORIGINALLY BEING USED A HEADQUARTERS ELEMENT
00:14:31DURING THE CIVIL WAR. BY THE END OF 1862.
00:14:34WASHINGTON, D.C. FAR IS THE MOST
00:14:38HEAVILY CITY IN THE WORLD.
00:14:40ANY LOCALS AND ANYBODY SORT LOCAL. OKAY.
00:14:43HOW MANY MILITARY ROADS ARE THERE?
00:14:45HOW MANY FOR CAST FORT WHIPPLE, FORT WARD, ETC.
00:14:49YOU THEM EVERYWHERE. IT WAS OVER 100 FORTS AND BLOCK HOUSES. THEY DEFENDED THE CALENDAR AND
00:14:52THERE WAS LINE OF TRENCHES ONE SIDE OF THE POTOMAC ALL THE WAY
00:14:55THROUGH MARYLAND TO THE OTHER, THAT YOU COULD WALK IT WITHOUT LEAVING IT.
00:14:58MASSIVE PROVOST PRESENCE.
00:15:03ALL THE WAR'S BAD.
00:15:06IT'S BAD AND NEITHER SIDES
00:15:08PREPARED FOR IT. TENS OF THOUSANDS ARE DYING,
00:15:12MOSTLY OF DISEASE, BUT THEY'RE
00:15:15NONETHELESS THE FIRST NATIONAL CEMETERY IN THE CAPITAL REGION.
00:15:18YOU MIGHT BE ABLE TO SEE IT HERE, BUT YOU CAN SEE IT.
00:15:20IT'S JUST OVER THE HEAD OF THE OLD POST OFFICE.
00:15:24IT'S THAT HIGH GROUND OVER THERE KNOWN AS HAMILTON HILL. IT'S THE SOLDIERS AND AIRMEN
00:15:28HOME. THEY BEGAN TO BURY DEAD SOLDIERS
00:15:31IN 1861 BY THE IN 1862. IT IS FILLED AT CAPACITY.
00:15:35SO THEY OPEN UP A SECOND NATIONAL CEMETERY, THIS ONE IN
00:15:38ALEXANDRIA, BY END OF 1863.
00:15:41THAT IS FILLED TO CAPACITY. FAST FORWARD TO 1864.
00:15:44SPRING SPECIFICALLY WHAT'S HAPPENING IN VIRGINIA AND HE
00:15:49FELLOW WAR FANS HERE, GRANT BEGAN HIS OVERLAND CAMPAIGN.
00:15:52VERY GOOD CASUALTIES ARE ON SO
00:15:57LARGELY AS A FIELD EXPEDIENT THE ARMY HERE KIND OF REJECTS IT
00:16:01BECAUSE DON'T WANT FUNERARY OPERATIONS INTERFERING THEIR
00:16:03HEADQUARTERS ELEMENT OPERATIONS THEY LOSE THE LOWER PART OF THE
00:16:07CEMETERY BEGIN TO INJURE SOLDIERS.
00:16:09THE OFFICIAL SOLDIER HERE CONTROVERSIAL IS ONE WILLIAM
00:16:14CHRISMAN GUY FROM THE 67TH PENNSYLVANIA. HE'S GOING TO BE BURIED ON MAY 13TH.
00:16:18THIS LATER BECOMES CODIFIED WITH THE HELP OF MONTGOMERY QUARTERMASTER GENERAL, THE UNITED STATES ARMY.
00:16:22ON JUNE, ALSO OF THAT YEAR.
00:16:26NOW, IT'S ONE THING IT'S REALLY
00:16:27IMPORTANT TO AT THAT TIME, WHAT
00:16:30IT REALLY MEAN TO BE BURIED IN A
00:16:33NATIONAL CEMETERY.
00:16:36SOMEONE'S GOT TO GUESS YOUR NAVY'S.
00:16:39HE'S GOING BURY YOU AT SEA.
00:16:41AND A STORY THAT'S THAT'S THAT'S AN EASY ONE.
00:16:45ARMY ARMY'S NOT GOING TO SPEND $125 TO EMBALM A BODY AND SEND
00:16:48IT TO BROOKLYN. THAT'S A LOT OF MONEY. NOW, WHAT WE WILL IS WE WILL
00:16:52RENDER MILITARY WILL NOT BURY THE GRAVE AND YOU WANT TO COME
00:16:56AND DISINTER LATER, YOU'LL BE ABLE TO FIND YOUR SON.
00:16:59FATHER, ETC. IT'S REALLY UNTIL
00:17:02THE 1860S, LATE THE 68 ON 1870S,
00:17:05ARLINGTON BECOMES.
00:17:07WHAT WE KNOW TODAY DURING, A LITTLE SECRET. WE HAVE AT LEAST ONE UNION
00:17:11SOLDIER BURIED WHO WAS PUT TO
00:17:13DEATH FOR CAPITAL CRIMES BY THE UNION ARMY. HE DESERTED TO THE CONFEDERACY
00:17:17WAS CAPTURED.
00:17:19WILLIAM WAR IS OVER IN SECTION
00:17:2113 BY THE END OF THE WAR,
00:17:24THERE'S ABOUT 16,000, ALISYN ME, THERE ARE ABOUT 16,000. IN 1865.
00:17:30YES, THE GAP. SO I MAKE SURE I GIVE YOU ACCURATE INFORMATION.
00:17:32C-SPAN IS WATCHING SO.
00:17:34IT'S ABOUT SO IT'S SO IT BECOMES
00:17:37ONE BIG, VAST SORT OF.
00:17:40AFTER THE WAR A LOT ESPECIALLY
00:17:43AFTER THE FIRST THE FIRST OFFICIAL DECORATION DAY, WHICH
00:17:46HELD ON THE STEPS OF THAT HOUSE IN 1868. IT REALLY BEGINS TO MAKE A
00:17:52CHANGE ALL GO. YES, SORRY, HEARING'S NOT AS
00:17:55GOOD AS USED TO BE.
00:17:58THEY'RE RENDERING TAPS TO.
00:18:28A FEW OFFICERS HAVE BEEN BURIED HERE AGAIN, MOSTLY FROM POOR
00:18:31FAMILIES WHO COULDN'T AFFORD TO DISINTER THEIR OWN. BUT IT'S REALLY WITH THE DEBT,
00:18:35WITH THE INSTALLATION OF MEMORIAL FLAG DAY OR DAY.
00:18:39NOW WE KNOW AS MEMORIAL DAY THAT
00:18:42IN 1876, GABRIEL GOES AND
00:18:44GABRIEL PAUL IS A FAMED GIT ONE
00:18:47I WOULDN'T SAY FAMOUS, BUT HE'S KNOWN GENERAL OF THE CIVIL WAR. HE HAD BOTH OF HIS EYES SHOT OUT
00:18:51AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG AND WAS BADLY BLINDED.
00:18:54THE PENSION THAT THEY GAVE HIM
00:18:56DID NOT COME ANYWHERE CLOSE, TAKING CARE OF HIS PHYSICAL NEEDS.
00:19:00AND HE WAS A REAL CAUSE TO CELEBRATE AT THAT TIME, NOT TAKING CARE OF OUR WOUNDED
00:19:03WARRIORS, ETC. HE WILL
00:19:07MERCIFULLY OF HIS INJURIES AND HE'LL BE HE ELECTS TO BE BURIED HERE.
00:19:10AND WE USE A AND OTHER THINGS AND THAT WE IS ONE OF THE FIRST
00:19:13FUNERALS THAT WE AT FACT DID THAT AFTER THAT SECTION ONE
00:19:18WORKS, WE'RE TO BE WALKING OVER
00:19:20TO SOON EXPLODE INTO A ART DECO
00:19:22OR EVEN ROMANTIC PERIOD.
00:19:26DJANGO OR A VERY HIGH END HEADSTONES.
00:19:28IT IS FILLED WITH A LOT OF
00:19:30SENIOR CIVIL WAR UNION BRASS AS YOU'RE WALKING THROUGH IT.
00:19:33HEY, HEY, HEY HEY. YEAH, IT'S PROBABLY THAT GUY OR. GUY.
00:19:37THAT'S GOOD.
00:19:38ARLINGTON TODAY IS STILL A VERY UP TEMPO.
00:19:41AS ALLISON POINTED OUT, WE BETWEEN 20 TO 25 FUNERALS A DAY,
00:19:44MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.
00:19:46AND SO WE'RE IT'S A VERY, VERY,
00:19:49VERY BUSY PLACE. ONE MORE THING I'D LIKE TO POINT OUT.
00:19:54WE BUY AND WHAT AND THIS IS A COMMON QUESTION WHAT PRIVATE
00:19:58HEADSTONES WERE BASICALLY ALLOWED UNTIL JUST A FEW YEARS
00:20:01AGO BUT THERE THEY'RE MORE AN INDICATOR OF WEALTH THAN THEY
00:20:05ARE NECESSARILY A DISTINGUISHED SERVICE NOT A NUMBER TWO.
00:20:08AND MORE IMPORTANTLY WE DON'T REALLY HAVE SECTIONS.
00:20:12THE MAJORITY OF GUYS IN SECTION
00:20:14WE HAVE SECTIONS WE DON'T HAVE SECTIONS BY SUBJECT.
00:20:17THE MAJORITY OF OUR GUYS SECTION 13 YOU'LL FIND ARE CIVIL WAR AND
00:20:21THERE'S A FEW OTHER SECTIONS WHERE THE MAJORITY ARE FROM CERTAIN CONFLICTS.
00:20:24BUT WE HAVE A WORLD WAR TWO SECTION OR A WORLD WAR ONE SECTION.
00:20:28THE ONE EXCEPTION TO THAT IS THE OF THE USS MAINE, WHICH IS
00:20:32IMMEDIATELY FRONT OF THE MONUMENT. THAT'S ALL CONTAINED GROUP.
00:20:35ALL OF THOSE GUYS DIED FEBRUARY 1898, WHEN THAT BATTLESHIP
00:20:39EXPLODED. OKAY. ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE HISTORY
00:20:42OF ARLINGTON AND ITS TO THE
00:20:46AMERICAN REVOLUTION. OKAY. THANK YOU, ROD. THAT WAS EXCELLENT. SO WE'RE GOING TO HEAD OVER TO
00:20:50OUR FIRST STOP NOW. THIS STRUCTURE, THOUGH, WHERE
00:20:52WE'RE STANDING IS TANNER.
00:20:54IT WAS THE FIRST VENUE BUILT THE
00:20:57NATION'S NATIONAL DECORATION DAY
00:20:59OBSERVANCE, WHICH WE NOW COMB IN MORIAL DAY. IF YOU WERE THIS IS SUCH A
00:21:03BEAUTIFUL STRUCTURE I WOULD LOVE
00:21:05TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS HISTORY. JOIN US ON MAY 24TH, WHERE WE
00:21:08ARE DOING A SPECIAL WALKING TOUR
00:21:10ABOUT THE HISTORY OF MEMORIAL DAY HERE AT ARLINGTON.
00:21:13SO LET'S HEAD NOW WE'RE GOING TO BACKTRACK A LITTLE BIT AGAIN,
00:21:17KEEPING IN MIND THAT FUNERAL. AND WE'RE GOING TO GO OVER TO
00:21:20THE GRAVE OF PAULA FONT. SO JUST WATCH YOUR STEP ON THE STAIRS.
00:21:24LITTLE ASIDE, EVERY PRESIDENT
00:21:26FROM GRANT TO REALLY HARDING SAT
00:21:30AND ADDRESSED THE COUNTRY FROM THERE.
00:21:33SO STANDING IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF
00:21:38PRESIDENTS.
00:21:42THE PRESIDENT FROM WHO WOULD
00:21:46JOHNSON CAME.
00:21:48GRANT THROUGH A ZF WE KNOW
00:21:50WILSON I SURE IF HARDING CAME HERE BECAUSE BY THE TIME HE WAS
00:21:54IN OFFICE THE AMPITHEATER WAS BUILT BUT WE DON'T KNOW SO
00:21:58ACTUALLY CHANGE MY QUOTE TO
00:22:01WILSON WOODROW WILSON YES YEAH
00:22:03RIGHT EXACTLY EXACTLY.
00:22:20YEAH ALL SO WE ARE HERE NOW AT
00:22:22THE GRAVE APPEAR LON FONT THE
00:22:26MOST KNOWN A REVOLUTIONARY WAR VETERAN BURIED AT ARLINGTON.
00:22:29AN ARCHITECT ARTIST, ENGINEER
00:22:33CITY, PLANNER AND SOLDIER LON FONT LEFT A LASTING MARK ON THE
00:22:37NATION'S CAPITAL, BUT HE DIED IN POVERTY.
00:22:40HIS REPUTATION WAS NOT REBUILT WAITED UNTIL THE EARLY 20TH
00:22:44CENTURY, AND HIS GRAVE AT
00:22:46ARLINGTON ON THIS PROMINENT
00:22:48HILLTOP OVERLOOKING THE CITY
00:22:50THAT HE HELPED DESIGN SYMBOLIZE
00:22:53HIS LONG AWAITED ENSHRINEMENT
00:22:55INTO THE ANNALS OF THE NATION'S ERA.
00:22:59BORN PARIS IN 1754, LON FONT GREW SURROUNDED BY THE ART AND
00:23:04CULTURE OF THE FRENCH ARISTOCRACY. THE OF A PAINTER HE STUDIED
00:23:07UNDER HIS AT THE ROYAL ACADEMY
00:23:09OF PAINTING AND SCULPTURE, ONE
00:23:12OF FRANCE'S MOST PRESTIGIOUS ART SCHOOLS.
00:23:15AND ACCORDING TO BIOGRAPHER
00:23:17SCOTT BERG, THERE'S ACTUALLY
00:23:19RECORD THAT EXISTS TO TELL WHY
00:23:21LON FONT CHOSE LEAVE FRANCE IN
00:23:241776 TO JOIN THE AMERICAN BUT JOIN THE HE DID.
00:23:28HE RECEIVED A TEMPORARY COMMISSION AS A LIEUTENANT IN
00:23:31THE CONTINENTAL ARMY AND HE EVENTUALLY MADE HIS WAY TO
00:23:35BOSTON, WHERE HE BECAME PART OF THE ENTOURAGE OF THE PRUSSIAN
00:23:37OFFICER BARON VON STEUBEN. AND THEY ALL SET OFF TOGETHER
00:23:41FOR VALLEY FORGE, PENNSYLVANIA
00:23:44YEAH, THEY'RE AT VALLEY FORGE FONT SERVED UNDER THE LEADERSHIP
00:23:48GEORGE WASHINGTON AND HE EVEN
00:23:50CREATED A PORTRAIT OF WASHINGTON
00:23:52AT THE REQUEST OF THE MARKET
00:23:54LAFAYETTE IN PHILADELPHIA.
00:23:56HE ALSO CONTRIBUTED SKETCHES VON
00:23:58STEUBEN FAMOUS FIELDS MANUAL, A
00:24:00DRILL BOOK THAT, HELPS THE ARMY
00:24:03TRAIN THE INEXPERIENCED AMERICAN
00:24:05TROOPS AS THEY FACED AGAINST THE BRITISH REGULARS.
00:24:09ONE FONT WENT SOUTH IN 1779, AND
00:24:12HE ARRIVED IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, HOPING THAT HIS FRIEND
00:24:16LAURENS WOULD MAKE GOOD ON HIS PROMISE TO MAKE HIM AN INFANTRY
00:24:20MAJOR LEADING A UNIT OF ENSLAVED
00:24:22WHO WOULD FIGHT UPON PROMISE OF.
00:24:24HE WAS NOT MADE A MAJOR UNTIL ALMOST THE END OF THE WAR, BUT
00:24:28DURING THE SIEGE OF SAVANNAH
00:24:30GEORGIA, LON FONT RECEIVED A LEG WOUND AS HE RUSHED TOWARDS
00:24:34BRITISH LINES TO SET FIRE TO A
00:24:36WOODEN INFANTRY BARRIER.
00:24:39THAT BARRIER, THOUGH, WAS WET. IT DID NOT BURN.
00:24:41THE OFFENSIVE FAILED, AND HE WAS TAKEN TO CHARLESTON TO RECOVER.
00:24:45AND WHEN THE BRITISH ATTACKED CHARLESTON IN MAY OF 1781, FONT
00:24:49JOINED THE RESISTANCE UNDER JOHN LAURENS.
00:24:52BUT THE CITY FELL AND HE LIKE MANY OTHER SOLDIERS, BECAME A
00:24:56PRISONER OF WAR. NOW THAT WAS A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT FOR HIM AT THE TIME.
00:25:00THEN A PRISONER OF WAR IN WORLD WAR TWO. HE WAS EVENTUALLY AND GIVEN SOME
00:25:04FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND HE WAS ABLE TO MAKE HIS WAY TO
00:25:09PHILADELPHIA, WHERE IN 1782 HE WAS EXCHANGED FOR A HESSIAN OFFICER.
00:25:13AND THEN HE STARTS A OF ARTISTIC PROJECTS.
00:25:16HE ALSO JOINS THE SOCIETY OF CINCINNATI, WHICH WAS AN
00:25:21ORGANIZATION FOUNDED IN 1783 TO MAINTAIN FRATERNAL BONDS BETWEEN
00:25:25THE OFFICERS OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY. IT WAS ESSENTIALLY OUR FIRST
00:25:29VETERANS ORGANIZATION, A VERY
00:25:32EXCLUSIVE ONE ONE FONT DESIGN.
00:25:33THE SOCIETY'S ICONOGRAPHY THAT
00:25:36IS STILL UTILIZED TODAY. IF YOU GO TO THE SOCIETY OF THE
00:25:40CINCINNATI'S HEADQUARTERS IN WASHINGTON, DC, THEY HAVE A MUSEUM THERE WHERE YOU CAN LEARN
00:25:44MORE. THIS ONE FONT ALSO WAS APPOINTED
00:25:48PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON TO
00:25:50THE NEW FEDERAL CITY OF
00:25:52WASHINGTON DC, AND HE WAS IN TEN TO ON CREATING A CAPITAL THAT
00:25:56WOULD REFLECT AMERICA'S DEMOCRATS VALUES, BUT ALSO
00:26:00POSITION IT AS AN EQUAL TO ITS EUROPEAN COUNTERPARTS.
00:26:05HOWEVER, THERE WAS A BIT OF DRAMA ASSOCIATED LONG FONTS
00:26:07TENURE IN THAT POSITION, AND HE WAS EVENTUALLY FIRED AND ALL OF
00:26:11HIS IDEAS WERE NOT INSTITUTED.
00:26:13HE LIVED OUT HIS FINAL YEARS IN
00:26:17POVERTY AND HE DIED IN 1825 ON THE MARYLAND FARM.
00:26:21HIS FRIEND WILLIAM DUDLEY DIGGS, AND THAT'S WHERE HE WAS BURIED.
00:26:25IT WASN'T UNTIL THE 20TH CENTURY THAT SOME OF ONE FONTS IDEAS
00:26:29STARTED TO BE UTILIZED AND
00:26:31REVIVED AS THE CITY WAS BEING REDESIGNED AS PART OF THE
00:26:36MCMILLAN EFFORT. THEY WANTED TO BEAUTIFY
00:26:38WASHINGTON, DC AND TO CREATE A
00:26:40CITY THAT WOULD REALLY PLACE US INTO THE INTERNATIONAL
00:26:44PROMINENCE. SO WE WERE STARTING TO ATTAIN
00:26:46AND LONG FONTS IDEAS WERE LOOKED AT AGAIN AND THEY INSPIRED MANY
00:26:50OF THE CHOICES THAT WE CAN ACTUALLY SEE RIGHT HERE FROM THE
00:26:53NATIONAL MALL WHICH CAME FROM LAND FONTS IDEA TO THE WAY THAT
00:26:57SYMBOLISM IS EMBEDDED IN THE SUPPER OF DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT
00:27:01BUILDINGS TO ALLUDE TO THE SEPARATION OF POWERS AND IN MAY
00:27:051908, CONGRESS APPROPRIATED FOR
00:27:08LAND FONTS TO BE REBURIED HERE AT ARLINGTON.
00:27:10HIS REMAINS ACTUALLY GIVEN THE HONOR OF LAYING IN STATE IN THE
00:27:14CAPITOL ROTUNDA BEFORE HIS
00:27:16FUNERAL ON APRIL EIGHTH, 1909.
00:27:19NOW, THIS ELABORATE HEADSTONE THAT WE SEE HERE, IT WAS
00:27:24UNVEILED IN 1911, AND IT INCLUDES DETAILED ENGRAVING, A
00:27:27BLUNT FONTS PLAN FOR THE CAPITOL ON THE TOP.
00:27:31IT'S RIGHT HERE IN A CIRCLE.
00:27:33IT ACTUALLY LOOKS OUT TO CITY SO
00:27:36YOU CAN SEE SOME OF THESE AVENUE CARS THAT WE'RE ACTUALLY SEEING
00:27:40RIGHT IN FRONT OF US. THIS SPOT INTENDED FOR VISITORS
00:27:43TO PAY TRIBUTE TO JOHN FONT AND
00:27:47TO SEE EXACTLY HOW MUCH HE DID
00:27:49EVENTUALLY INFLUENCE THE DESIGN OF THE CITY.
00:27:54AND IT STILL SERVES THAT PURPOSE TODAY. THIS IS THE GRAVE OF AN
00:27:58IMMIGRANT, FRENCH VETERAN OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. AND THIS SITE IS A REALLY
00:28:03IMPORTANT PART OF FRANCO-AMERICAN DIPLOMACY. WE ACTUALLY HAD PRESIDENT
00:28:08EMMANUEL IN 2022 WHEN HE MADE HIS VISIT TO ARLINGTON. HE AND FIRST LADY BRIGITTE
00:28:13MACRON PLACED WHITE ROSES HERE,
00:28:15LONG FONTS, GRAVES SYMBOLIZING
00:28:17THESE TIES BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND FRANCE.
00:28:20SO THIS IS A REALLY REALLY IMPORTANT SPOT FOR THE AMERICAN
00:28:24GOVERNMENT TODAY. AND I HOPE YOU AGREE STANDING HERE THAT THERE IS SO MUCH
00:28:29SYMBOLIC AND VISUAL POWER IN LOOKING AT THIS BEAUTIFUL
00:28:34HEADSTONE. PIERRE L'ENFANT, AS WE SEE VISTA
00:28:37OF WASHINGTON, D.C. HE IS REALLY
00:28:40THE INFLUENTIAL AND IMPORTANT WAR VETERAN.
00:28:43WE HAVE. AND IF YOU JUST FOLLOW MY HAND
00:28:47OUT THERE, YOUR MIND'S EYE, WE
00:28:50ALSO CAN SEE THE GRAVE OF PRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDY ON A
00:28:54PERFECT AXIS FROM THIS HILLTOP REACHING, OF COURSE, ACROSS
00:28:59MEMORIAL BRIDGE TO WASHINGTON.
00:29:01THE CEMETERY IS PART OF THE MONUMENTAL LANDSCAPE OF
00:29:05WASHINGTON D.C. EVEN THOUGH WE ARE SEPARATED BY THE RIVER AND
00:29:08ALL OF THE SYMBOLISM HERE,
00:29:10INCLUDING LAWN FONTS, GRAVE DEMONSTRATES THE NATION'S
00:29:14COMMITMENT TO REPRESENTING ITS
00:29:17DEMOCRAT VALUES IN THE LANDSCAPE.
00:29:19ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT LAWN?
00:29:21YES, MA'AM.
00:29:24SO HE DID NOT.
00:29:26AS FAR AS HISTORIANS KNOW, HAVE
00:29:29A WIFE OR CHILDREN HERE, THE UNITED STATES. AND THAT'S WHY HE ENDED UP
00:29:33DEPENDING ON THE KINDNESS SOME OF HIS FRIENDS AND EVENTUALLY
00:29:37THEIR CHILDREN, TO BASICALLY TAKE HIM IN AND BE LIKE AN
00:29:41ELDERLY UNCLE WHO LIVED WITH THEM. HE WENT FROM COUPLE DIFFERENT
00:29:46HOUSE IN THE D.C. AREA UNTIL WAS ABLE TO FIND A PERMANENT
00:29:50RESIDENCE AT THE HOME OF DUDLEY DIGS WHERE HE LIVED OUT LAST DAYS.
00:29:53SO HE REALLY IN OBSCURITY AND POVERTY.
00:29:57GREAT QUESTION. YES, MA'AM MA'AM.
00:30:01I ALWAYS THOUGHT OF IT. TOO.
00:30:04THEY JUST ABIDE BY THE 1908.
00:30:10YES, EXACTLY. SO A AROUND THE 1900S, THERE WAS
00:30:13AN ARCHITECT NATURAL MOVEMENT
00:30:15CALLED THE CITY BEAUTIFUL THAT WAS SWEEPING THE UNITED STATES
00:30:19AND ARCHITECTS AND CITY PLANNERS
00:30:21DECIDED THAT THEY WANTED TO
00:30:23RECREATE AMERICAN CITIES SO THAT
00:30:26THEY WERE CLEANER SO THAT THEY
00:30:28WERE MORE THOUGHTFULLY PLANNED FOR THE INHABITANTS WHO LIVED THERE.
00:30:32AND ONE OF THE WAYS IT DID THAT IN WASHINGTON SPECIFICALLY WAS
00:30:36BY LOOKING BACK AT LAWN FONTS,
00:30:38ORIGINAL WASHINGTON HAD THROUGH A LOT OF TURMOIL.
00:30:41WE HAD, THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. BUT BEFORE THAT THE CITY BURNED
00:30:45BY THE BRITISH. WE DON'T WE DON'T TO TALK ABOUT THAT. BUT IT DID HAPPEN.
00:30:49THEY THE CITY AND THEN OF COURSE THE CIVIL WREAKED HAVOC ON THE
00:30:53DESIGN CONSTRUCTION OF WASHINGTON DC DURING THE CIVIL WAR.
00:30:56REMEMBER THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT WAS ONLY PARTIALLY FINISHED.
00:30:59SO REALLY DC HAD BEEN PLANNED IN
00:31:03A WAY THAT REPRESENTED THE UNITED STATES WELL UNTIL THIS
00:31:06CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT OFF AND
00:31:08THE SENATE CREATED THE MCMILLAN
00:31:10COMMISSION WHICH SET OFF TO DO A FULL REDESIGN AND AS THEY
00:31:15STARTED THAT REDESIGN WENT BACK
00:31:17DID THE RESEARCH FOUND LONG FONTS PLANS.
00:31:20IT'S ACTUALLY AT THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS TODAY THE ORIGINAL PLAN
00:31:23AND THEY DECIDED THAT THEY TO TRY AND TAKE A LOT OF
00:31:27INSPIRATION FROM HIM SO. REALLY WHAT WE SEE HERE TODAY
00:31:30WAS NOT IN PLACE DURING HIS
00:31:33LIFETIME LIKE ANY QUESTIONS?
00:31:39OH RIGHT. SO WE ARE AS ANYBODY NEED THE BATHROOM.
00:31:42HOW'S EVERYBODY?
00:31:45OKAY OKAY, WHAT I WOULD DO IS I'M GOING TO START TO WALK US
00:31:49OVER AND THEN WE'RE ALSO JUST GOING TO CHECK TO SEE IF IT'S AN
00:31:51APPROPRIATE TIME YET TO GO INTO SECTION ONE. AGAIN, KEEPING IN MIND THAT
00:31:55FUNERAL. WE'RE TO DO A LITTLE BIT MORE TALKING HERE AND THEN I BELIEVE
00:31:59IT WILL BE SAFE FOR US TO GO OUT TO SECTION ONE.
00:32:05SO WE WERE TALKING ABOUT ONE FONT BEFORE AND NOW GOING TO GET
00:32:08INTO SOME MORE DETAILS ABOUT HOW
00:32:10THE AMERICAN WAS MEMORIALIZED
00:32:14AND HOW THAT IMPACTED THE GRAVES AND MEMORIALS THAT WERE PLACED
00:32:18AT ARLINGTON. SO THIS BRINGS UP AN IMPORTANT QUESTION ABOUT THE MILITARY
00:32:22DEAD. WERE TREATED DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
00:32:26SO HOW MANY OF YOU, BY A SHOW OF HANDS HAVE VISITED A NATIONAL
00:32:30MILITARY CEMETERY FROM THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
00:32:34OKAY. AND WHEN WAS THAT NATIONAL
00:32:36CEMETERY STARTED.
00:32:39IT WAS NOT STARTED DURING THE
00:32:42AMERICAN REVOLUTION BECAUSE DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
00:32:45AND, ITS IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH, THERE WERE NATIONAL MILITARY
00:32:50CEMETERIES. SO NO, ANYTHING THAT YOU MAY
00:32:52VISITED WAS VERY MUCH PUT IN
00:32:54YEARS AFTER THE REVOLUTION. THERE ARE NO NATIONAL MILITARY
00:32:59CEMETERY IS FROM THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION DURING CONFLICT AND
00:33:02FOR DECADES AFTER THE UNITED
00:33:04STATES DID NOT ACTUALLY SYSTEMATICALLY CARE FOR ITS WAR,
00:33:08DEAD OR CREATE NATIONAL CEMETERIES.
00:33:11AND STANDING HERE AT ARLINGTON THAT IS KIND OF HARD TO BELIEVE.
00:33:15BUT IT WAS INDEED THE CASE IN THE 18TH CENTURY.
00:33:18AFTER A BATTLE THE VICTORIA ARMY
00:33:20WOULD USUALLY BURY THE DEAD FROM
00:33:22SIDES BECAUSE THEY MAINTAINED CONTROL OF THE BATTLEFIELDS.
00:33:26BUT OFTEN ONLY OFFICERS RECEIVE
00:33:28SPECIAL CARE OR CEREMONY AFTER THEIR DEATHS.
00:33:31THIS REFLECTED THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL HIERARCHY.
00:33:35IN EARLY AMERICA. IT WAS UNTIL THE CIVIL WAR THAT
00:33:38THE UNITED BEGAN TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY.
00:33:41THE WAR DEAD IN TERMS OF
00:33:43IDENTIFY CAISSON, BURIAL AND
00:33:46CREATION OF NATIONAL CEMETERIES. SO AS A RESULT, THE REMAINS OF
00:33:50MANY SOLDIERS, THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, WERE SCATTERED,
00:33:54LOST, UNIDENTIFIED OR BURIED
00:33:56WITHOUT ANY COMMEMORATIVE MARKER.
00:33:59AND THAT IS ONE OF THE REASONS WHY THAT DECADES LATER ARLINGTON
00:34:04NATIONAL WAS SEEN AS AN APPROPRIATE PLACE TO BURY THE
00:34:08REMAINS OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR SERVICEMEN. OTHERS WHO WERE DISCOVERED OR
00:34:12NEEDED BE REINTERRED.
00:34:15BUT WHY DID THIS TAKE SO LONG AS
00:34:17THE UNITED STATES DEVELOPED THE
00:34:1919TH CENTURY, IT SLOWLY STARTED
00:34:22TO GAIN A DEEPER SENSE, ITS OWN NATIONAL IDENTITY.
00:34:25REMEMBER, WERE A BRAND NEW COUNTRY WITHOUT A WRITTEN
00:34:30HISTORY. THIS WAS ALL BEING CREATED FOR FIRST TIME.
00:34:32SO AMERICANS STARTED TO LOOK BACK ON THE REVOLUTION WITH A
00:34:36SENSE OF NOSTALGIA AND PRIDE IN THE EARLY DECADES OF THE 19TH CENTURY.
00:34:40AND THEY BECAME INVESTED IN COMMEMORATING THE REVOLUTION.
00:34:44THERE ARE SEVERAL KEY MILESTONES GENERATED MORE INTEREST IN THE
00:34:48REVOLUTION FIRST. IN 1824, THE REVOLUTIONARY
00:34:52VETERAN, THE MARQUEE DE LAFAYETTE MADE A TRIUMPHANT
00:34:55RETURN TO THE US AND EMBARKED ON A NATIONAL TOUR THAT SAW HIM
00:34:59FETED AND HONORED ACROSS THE COUNTRY THIS BROUGHT THE
00:35:03REVOLUTION INTO THE SPOTLIGHT. AND IF YOU ARE A HAMILTON IN THE
00:35:05MUSICAL FAN LIKE ME, THEN YOU SHOULD KNOW A LITTLE BIT ABOUT
00:35:09LAFAYETTE RIGHT DURING THE CIVIL
00:35:11WAR, BOTH US AND THE REBELLING
00:35:15STATES CLAIM TO BE THE INHERITORS OF THE COMPLICATING
00:35:19ITS AND A KEY TURNING POINT
00:35:21AFTER THE CIVIL WAR WITH THE 1876 CENTENNIAL WHICH WAS
00:35:26CENTERED ON A LARGE CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION IN PHILADELPHIA, THE
00:35:31CENTENNIAL DREW NEW ATTENTION TO THE REVOLUTION AND CAN ATTRIBUTED TO THE CREATION OF
00:35:35MEMORIALS, INCLUDING THE LONG PLANNED MEMORIAL AT YORKTOWN,
00:35:39WHICH HAD BEEN PLANNED IN THE
00:35:41CENTURY ITSELF, BUT NOT ACTUALLY ERECTED UNTIL AFTER THE
00:35:46CENTENNIAL. ALL INTEREST IN THE REVOLUTION CONTINUED AFTER 1876, AND THIS
00:35:50IS EVIDENCED MOST CLEARLY IN THE
00:35:54CREATION OF HEREDITARY PATRIOTIC ORGANIZATIONS LIKE THE DAUGHTERS
00:35:57OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
00:36:00THESE GROUPS ARE COMPOSED OF PEOPLE WHO CAN TRACE THEIR
00:36:04ANCESTRY BACK TO THAT CONFLICT AND. WE'RE ACTUALLY GOING TO SEE
00:36:08TODAY THAT THEY INCLUDE SOME EMBLEM NAMES ON HEADSTONES OF
00:36:12REVOLUTIONARY WAR VETERANS. THERE WAS ONE ON ONE FONT'S GRAVE.
00:36:16IT WAS JUST A LITTLE BIT HARD TO SEE ALL OF THESE FACTORS
00:36:21COALESCED. AS ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY BEGAN TO BE UNDERSTOOD AS A SITE
00:36:25THAT HONORED AMERICAN HISTORY WRIT LARGE, AND NOT JUST THE
00:36:28CIVIL WAR.
00:36:30SO STARTING IN 1892, A SERIES VETERANS OF THE REVOLUTION WERE
00:36:35REINTERRED POSITIONING ARLINGTON AS A COMMEMORATIVE LANDSCAPE
00:36:39ASSOCIATE IT WITH THE REVOLUTION AND WITH AMERICANS RENEWED
00:36:43APPRECIATION INTEREST IN THAT CONFLICT. ARLINGTON IS NOT A BATTLE SITE
00:36:47FROM THE REVOLUTION, BUT IT IS STILL SIGNIFICANT PART OF THE
00:36:51EVER EVOLVING COMMEMORATIVE LEGACY OF THE WAR.
00:36:54AND WE ARE A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE
00:36:56CAN COME TO HONOR AMERICAN REVOLUTION, WHICH IS OUR KEY
00:37:00POINT AGAIN. AND WHAT WE WANT EVERYBODY TO REMEMBER DURING AMERICA.
00:37:05250 ANNIE QUESTIONS.
00:37:09YES, MA'AM. STARTING IN 1892 WAS A
00:37:11REVOLUTIONARY WAR VETERANS. YES, EXACTLY. IN 1892.
00:37:15AND WE ACTUALLY HAVE A BLOG ARTICLE ON OUR WEBSITE THAT GOES
00:37:17INTO THIS AS WELL AS OUR NEW
00:37:21REVOLUTION THREE WAR EDUCATION MODULE, WHICH A WALKING TOUR.
00:37:24SO IF YOU WANT TO COME BACK BRING FAMILY AND FRIENDS, YOU
00:37:26CAN USE TO GET SOME OF THIS INFORMATION.
00:37:29ANY OTHER QUESTIONS QUESTIONS? ALL RIGHT.
00:37:33SO I THINK WE'RE CLEAR TO HEAD OVER NOW TO A MEMORIAL TREE AND
00:37:37THEN THE GRAVES SECTION ONE.
00:37:56EVERYBODY. ALL RIGHT, GOOD. THANK YOU.
00:38:00WE'RE HAVING A, YOU KNOW,
00:38:04IMPROVISE A LITTLE BIT TO KEEP OURSELVES AWAY, THE FUNERAL.
00:38:06BUT I THINK WE LOOK CLEAR NOW.
00:38:12ALL RIGHT, EVERYBODY SO NOW WE
00:38:14ARE OUT HERE IN SECTION, AND OUR FIRST STOP IS ACTUALLY ONE OF
00:38:18THOSE MEMORIALS I WAS TALKING
00:38:21ABOUT BEFORE. MADE OUR WAY OVER AN EXAMPLE HOW
00:38:25THE REVOLUTION IS COMMEMORATED IN MANY DIFFERENT WAYS AT ARLINGTON.
00:38:28THIS IS THE LEXINGTON MINUTEMEN MEMORIAL TREE.
00:38:31YOU CAN SEE THE TREE RIGHT THERE. I BELIEVE IT IS A DOGWOOD AND
00:38:35THE MEMORIAL PLAQUE UNDERNEATH IT.
00:38:38IT WAS DONATED IN 2000 BY THE FLEXING TO MINUTEMEN WHICH IS A
00:38:41REENACTMENT ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO PRESERVING THE
00:38:45HISTORY OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. AND IT HONORS THE EIGHT AMERICAN
00:38:50MINUTEMEN WHO LOST THEIR LIVES ON LEXINGTON GREEN.
00:38:53THEIR NAMES ARE LISTED ON THAT PLAQUE.
00:38:55SO WITH TREE, A PIVOTAL MOMENT,
00:38:59THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION'S OPENING SALVO WAS IS
00:39:01COMMEMORATED AT ARLINGTON CONNECTING US TO, A HISTORIC
00:39:05SITE THAT IS HUNDREDS OF MILES AWAY.
00:39:07AND THIS LOCATION FOR THE TREE
00:39:10IS REALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE AS ABOUT TO SEE ALL YOU HAVE TO DO
00:39:13IS GO STRAIGHT BACK THERE AND WE'RE GOING TO HIT MANY OF OUR
00:39:17GRAVES OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR VETERANS.
00:39:19THIS IS WHAT WE CALL LIVING
00:39:22MEMORIAL TREE AND TREES LIKE
00:39:25THIS ONE ARE USED THROUGHOUT TO
00:39:27TAKE THE BEAUTY OF NATURE TO
00:39:29COMMEMORATE THE PAST.
00:39:31IT ALLOWS THE CEMETERY TO
00:39:33MEMORIALIZE THOSE WHO DIED BY ADDING LIFE TO THE LAND.
00:39:37THERE MORE THAN 140 MEMORIAL TREES THROUGHOUT THE CEMETERY
00:39:41AND EACH ONE TELLS A STORY
00:39:43LINKING US TO VARIOUS PARTS OF
00:39:45AMERICAN PAST, BOTH TRAGIC,
00:39:48TRIUMPHAL AND I JUST WANT TO GIVE A SHOUT OUT TO OUR
00:39:50WONDERFUL HORTICULTURE TEAM WHO MAINTAINS THIS TREE AND THE
00:39:54LANDSCAPE HERE. WE A LEVEL THREE MEMORIAL ARBORETUM.
00:39:58THE HORTICULTURE TEAM TREATS. THIS LANDSCAPE LIKE A LIVING
00:40:02TREE AND THEY DO EXCELLENT TOURS IN THE SPRINGTIME AND THE FALL.
00:40:07I ENCOURAGE YOU TO GO ON THOSE. I THINK THEY'RE USUALLY ON
00:40:09FRIDAYS WHERE YOU CAN ACTUALLY LEARN ABOUT TREES LIKE THIS ONE
00:40:13AND THE VARIOUS PLANTINGS.
00:40:15ARLINGTON SO LET'S GO AHEAD NOW
00:40:17AND TURN AROUND RIGHT WHERE ROD IS AND WE'RE GOING TO START WITH
00:40:21OUR NEXT GRAVE OF THE AMERICAN.
00:40:23HI EVERYBODY.
00:40:25PREVIOUSLY I KIND OF HAD MY
00:40:28INDOOR VOICE GOING BECAUSE I DIDN'T WANT MY VOICE DOES BOOM
00:40:31AND I DIDN'T WANT TO INTERFERE WITH THE FUNERAL. SO REST ASSURED I WILL.
00:40:34I'LL LET IT RIP AT THIS POINT. WHERE'S THE THE NAVY FELLOW I
00:40:38MET EARLIER? I DID. OH, RIGHT THERE.
00:40:42YES THE NAVY. HERE'S YOUR NAVY GUY. ACTUALLY AND HE'S THE ONLY
00:40:45CONTINENTAL SERIAL SAILOR BURIED HERE. HIS NAME IS JOHN. JOHN FALLON.
00:40:49HE ENLISTS IN THE CONTINENTAL.
00:40:53IN 1917 AND 78 WHEN HE WAS JUST
00:40:5617 YEARS OLD. HE'S GOING TO BE CAPTURED ON THE
00:41:00HIGH SEAS BY THE BRITISH AND IMPRISONED.
00:41:03THAT'S KIND OF A BIG DEAL. ANYBODY EVER SEE PIRATES OF THE
00:41:07CARIBBEAN NOW, YOU LIKE PIRATE MOVIES, RIGHT WHEN WAS THE
00:41:09GOLDEN AGE OF PIRACY? 17, 2017, THIRTIES.
00:41:13AND IT COST THE BRITISH EMPIRE A LOT.
00:41:16THE ROYAL NAVY, AN EAST INDIA
00:41:20COMPANY. CONSIDER THE CONSIDER AND EVEN
00:41:23THE CONTINENTAL NAVY BE NOTHING
00:41:25LESS THAN PIRATES AND LEGAL
00:41:28CODES FOR PIRATES ARE NOT
00:41:30GENTLE, SO THEY ARE TREATED AS SUCH.
00:41:33HE WAS IMPRISONED, BEATEN
00:41:35STARVED, MOVED VARIOUS PLACES TO
00:41:38INCLUDE GIBRALTAR AND BEFORE
00:41:40HE'S FINALLY RELEASED IN 1780 ON
00:41:42A PRISONER EXCHANGE.
00:41:44FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO FOLLOW THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION TO KNOW
00:41:48ABOUT IT, YOU'VE HEARD OF THE HORRORS OF THE BRITISH PRISON HULKS, CORRECT?
00:41:52THE ONES FOR NAVAL PERSONNEL
00:41:55LIKE THE JERSEY HMS JERSEY WERE NOTORIOUSLY BAD A BECAUSE OF
00:41:59CORRUPTION, BUT B THEY WERE CONSIDERED LARGELY PIRATES.
00:42:03THAT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER. SO HE'S RELEASED IN 1780 AND HE
00:42:07ACTUALLY WALK HOME FROM
00:42:10PHILADELPHIA BACK TO VIRGINIA. WELL, HIS LIFE DOES HAVE A
00:42:14RELATIVELY HAPPY ENDING. HE GETS MARRIED TWICE, HE DOES LOSE A WIFE.
00:42:17AND FORTUNATELY BUT HE DOES
00:42:20FATHER 26 CHILDREN IN.
00:42:24THAT'S PRETTY MUCH PRETTY GOOD.
00:42:26TWO OF HIS SONS SERVE IN THE
00:42:29NAVY DURING THE WAR, 1812.
00:42:31THEY'RE NOT THERE AND ONE WILL
00:42:34PAY PAY FOR THAT SERVICE WITH HIS LIFE. SO IT'S A VERY VERY LOYAL
00:42:38FAMILY. HE LOOKS UPON AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP AS A A SACRED
00:42:43DESCENDED AND IT WAS A HUGE, HUGE REPUBLIC.
00:42:46SMALL ARE PROPONENT THAT WE HAVE
00:42:49THE GREATEST FORM OF EVER. AND WE WILL ALWAYS WE WILL
00:42:52ALWAYS WE WILL ALWAYS DO OUR BEST. PERHAPS MOST IMPORTANTLY, HE WAS
00:42:56ELIGIBLE FOR A PENSION, EVEN THOUGH HE WAS CRIPPLED AND
00:43:00LARGELY BROKE, HE REFUSED TO TAKE IT.
00:43:03HE SAID, MY MY COUNTRY'S POOR. I DO NOT WITHIN FEEL RIGHT
00:43:07TAKING IT SO IT'S INTERESTING
00:43:09STORY THERE, ALISON, ANY
00:43:13QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR ONE CONTINENTAL NAVY GUY STEPPED
00:43:17FORWARD THREE FEET. ALL RIGHT. SO OUR NEXT GRAVE IS RIGHT HERE.
00:43:20YOU ARE ALLOWED TO WALK IN THE CEMETERY SECTIONS AGAIN, JUST YOUR STEP.
00:43:24AND DON'T STEP ON ANY HEADSTONES.
00:43:26WE NOW HAVE OUR NEXT GRAVE OF A REVOLUTIONARY WAR VETERAN, WHICH
00:43:30IS ACTUALLY HERE ON THE GROUND. AND IT IS THE GRAVE OF JOSEPH
00:43:34CARLETON. AND HIS STORY REMINDS US OF THE
00:43:38IMPORTANCE OF THOSE WHO SERVE AWAY FROM THE FRONT LINES
00:43:40RUNNING THE AND ORGANIZATION OF ARMY.
00:43:44CARLETON WAS BORN IN ENGLAND IN
00:43:471754 AND VERY LITTLE CONCRETE
00:43:49INFORMATION IS KNOWN ABOUT WHICH IS SADLY OFTEN THE CASE WHEN THE
00:43:53AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
00:43:55THIS WAS A TIME WHEN THERE WERE
00:43:58NOT REALLY GOOD RECORD KEEPING STANDARDS. CONTINENTAL SOLDIERS WERE BEING
00:44:01DISCHARGED FROM THE ARMY AND
00:44:04GIVEN A D D TO 14 DISCHARGE FORM.
00:44:06I WISH THEY WEREN'T. LIFE WOULD BE SO MUCH EASIER IF WE THAT.
00:44:10BUT IT'S JUST NOT HOW THINGS DONE. SO WE HAVE TO PIECE TOGETHER THE
00:44:14LITTLE INFORMATION, WHAT WE AND
00:44:16WE DO KNOW SOME STUFF FROM THE
00:44:18INSCRIPTION ON HIS HEADSTONE WE KNOW THAT HE WAS A MERCHANT AND
00:44:22THAT SERVED AS AN OFFICER IN THE ARMY. AND IN 1778 HE WAS APPOINTED TO
00:44:26THE BOARD OF WAR AND ORDNANCE. NOW, THIS WAS A CREATED BY THE
00:44:32CONTINENTAL CONGRESS TO PROVIDE OVERSIGHT ADMINISTRATION TO THE ARMY.
00:44:36HE BECAME SECRETARY OF THAT
00:44:38BOARD 1781, JUST AS IT WAS BEING
00:44:40PHASED OUT AND REPLACED WITH THE
00:44:42NEWLY CREATED WAR DEPARTMENT UNDERSECRETARY AT WAR MAJOR
00:44:46LINCOLN. AND THEN BY 81 DECEMBER, THE
00:44:50BOARD OF WAR HAD BEEN AND CARLETON BECAME A SECRETARY
00:44:54LINCOLN'S STAFF. SO I KIND OF TO THINK OF HIM AS WORKING IN THE PENTAGON OF THAT
00:44:58TIME, ALTHOUGH I NEED TO BE CLEAR, THERE WAS NO PENTAGON AT THAT.
00:45:02BUT THAT'S KIND OF THE SORT STAFF JOB THAT HE WAS TAKING ON.
00:45:06AND ONCE THE WAR FORMALLY ENDED,
00:45:081783, THE MAIN WAR DEPARTMENT
00:45:10OFFICIALS, INCLUDING GENERAL LINCOLN, RESIGNED, LEAVING
00:45:14CARLETON AS SECRETARY IN THE WAR OFFICE.
00:45:16HE MANAGED THE WAR DEPARTMENT
00:45:19THROUGH THIS CRITICAL TRANSITION PERIOD. HE HAD TO DISBAND THE
00:45:22CONTINENTAL PAY OFF WARTIME DEBTS, WHILE ALSO ORGANIZING A
00:45:27PEACETIME MILITARY FORCE FOR THE NEW NATION.
00:45:28AND HE WAS IN THIS POSITION UNTIL 1785.
00:45:32I IT'S INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT
00:45:33HE WAS ONLY FOUR YEARS OLD WHEN.
00:45:37HE WAS APPOINTED TO THE BOARD OF WAR, AN ORDNANCE, 30 YEARS OLD
00:45:39WHEN THE WAR ENDED, THAT WAS A
00:45:41LOT OF RESPONSIBILITY, A WAR.
00:45:43AND CONGRESS RECORDS, HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATION WITH
00:45:47THE REVIEW IN 1785 THAT STATED QUOTE IN ALL THESE DIFFERENT
00:45:53OFFICES, SAID JOSEPH CARLETON, CONDUCT HIMSELF AS AN ABLE,
00:45:57DILIGENT UPRIGHT AND FAITHFUL SERVANT OF THE UNITED STATES.
00:46:02KARL WAS ORIGINALLY BURIED IN THE PRESBYTERIAN AND BURYING
00:46:05GROUND JUST ACROSS THE RIVER AND GEORGETOWN.
00:46:07BUT IN 1891, THAT CEMETERY ANNOUNCED IT WAS OFFICIALLY
00:46:12CLOSING AND THAT FAMILIES HAD TO REMOVE THEIR LOVED ONES REMAINS.
00:46:15IT'S NOT FROM THE RECORDS WHETHER CARLETON HAD ANY
00:46:19RELATIVES IN THE FAMILY, FAMILY IN THE US OR WHETHER ANYBODY
00:46:22EVEN WHERE HE WAS BURIED. SINCE THE RECORDS WERE DESTROYED
00:46:25IN A FIRE IN 1860.
00:46:28SO IN 1907, HIS REMAINS
00:46:31DISCOVERED AS THE CEMETERY'S WAS
00:46:33BEING TURNED INTO A PARK AND OUT OF RESPECT FOR HIS SERVICE, HE
00:46:37WAS MOVED HERE TO ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY. ROD, CAN YOU READ US THE
00:46:41INSCRIPTION ON THE HEADSTONE? ALTHOUGH I'M TO CHEAT BECAUSE
00:46:43I'VE GOT A TRANSCRIPTION IN
00:46:46MEMORY OF JOSEPH CARLETON, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE ON THE 11TH
00:46:49DAY OF MAY 1812, AGED 58 YEARS. HE WAS A NATIVE OF ENGLAND FROM
00:46:55LANGWORTHY IN THE COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND FOR MANY YEARS. A RESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
00:46:58AND AN OFFICER IN THE AMERICAN ARMY SPELLED WITH AN E Y DURING
00:47:01THE REVOLUTION IN WHICH STATION HE ACQUITTED HIMSELF WITH CREDIT
00:47:04AND HONOR AND. AFTER THE WAR, HE RESUMED IN GEORGETOWN BUSINESS OF
00:47:08MERCANTILE AND ARCHAIC TERM FOR MERCHANT. NOW, TWO THINGS BEFORE WE KEEP WALKING.
00:47:12I JUST TO POINT OUT ON FALLON'S
00:47:15GRAVE THESE PLAQUES, THERE'S ONE FROM THE SONS OF THE AMERICAN
00:47:19REVOLUTION, AND THEN THERE'S ONE DOWN HERE ON THE BOTTOM FROM THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN
00:47:24REVOLUTION, DEMONSTRATING HIS MILITARY.
00:47:26AND THEN THIS IS THE PART OF THE TOUR WHERE ROD AND I HAVE TO BE
00:47:30SELF-DISCIPLINED BECAUSE. WE COULD STOP AT PRACTICALLY
00:47:34EVERY HERE, INCLUDING THIS THIS ONE BEHIND US FROM THE WAR OF
00:47:381812 AND TALK TO YOU FOR AN HOUR ABOUT EACH PERSON.
00:47:40WE'RE GOING TO KEEP OURSELVES IN CHECK AND STAY FOCUSED TODAY.
00:47:44BUT PLEASE NOTE THIS SECTION IS RICH WITH HISTORY.
00:47:48ANY QUESTIONS BEFORE WE START
00:47:51WALKING WITH TO SEE WHAT RANK WE DON'T HIS RANK.
00:47:55WE ACTUALLY SPENT ABOUT MONTH RESEARCHING THAT IN FEBRUARY AND
00:47:59WE COULD NOT FIGURE IT OUT FOR BENEFIT.
00:48:01HE WAS REPUTED TO HAVE BEEN THE PAYMASTER WITH THE PULASKI,
00:48:05WHICH WAS A WHICH WAS A FAMOUS LEGION THAT RIGHT IN THE
00:48:08AMERICAN REVOLUTION COULD FIND NO EVIDENCE THAT HE WAS EVEN ON
00:48:11THE ROSTERS. YOU SEE THIS A LOT IN REVOLUTIONARY WAR SERVICE.
00:48:15WE DON'T KNOW THE NAME HIS SHIP EITHER. IT'S A LOT.
00:48:19IT'S LOST IN TIME. WE KNOW HE WAS NOT ON THE JERSEY, BUT WE DON'T EXACTLY
00:48:21KNOW WHICH SHIP HE WAS ON. THE JERSEY WENT IN COMMISSION
00:48:251780 WHEN HE WAS RELEASED. IT'S DOUBTFUL HE WAS THERE. AND IF HE WAS HE WAS THERE A
00:48:29VERY, VERY SHORT TIME. ALL RIGHT. SO LET'S KEEP AGAIN, JUST WATCH
00:48:33YOUR STEP, EVERYBODY THE GROUND GETS UNEVEN.
00:48:36TAKE YOUR IF YOU NEED ANY ASSISTANCE, LET KNOW.
00:48:40YES, MA'AM. YES, WE CAN KEEP WALKING. YOU CAN ASK AND WALK AND TALK.
00:48:44IT WASN'T A MEDAL OF HONOR, A GUN YET, CORRECT.
00:48:48EXCELLENT. WASHINGTON. I DON'T REMEMBER THE NAME, BUT WITH ALL THESE PEOPLE DO, YOU
00:48:53WOULD KNOW. OH, I DIDN'T.
00:48:55WE DIDN'T SEE IT IN OUR RECORD WE DIDN'T SEE IT IN OUR RECORDS.
00:48:59AND ACTUALLY, THERE'S EIGHT
00:49:01PEOPLE FROM THE REVOLUTION INTERRED HERE.
00:49:0511. WE HAVE 11 VETERANS OF THE REVOLUTION. YES.
00:49:09YOU WANT ME TO HOLD THOSE BROAD
00:49:11SO YOU CAN TALK.
00:49:15IS IT? AND WE HAVE A WHOLE LIST ON OUR
00:49:18WEBSITE IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION MANUAL. YEP. POWER OF YOUTH TEN.
00:49:22YEAH OH, THAT'S A YOUNG, YOUNG GUY.
00:49:25YES, THAT'S.
00:49:28OH, LOOK. THANK YOU, KEVIN.
00:49:32THE BEARER. KEVIN, THE FLAG BEARER.
00:49:39EVERYBODY. GATHER ROUND AND YOUTH, YOU'LL
00:49:43HEAR THIS IS THE LAST.
00:49:46THE LAST REVOLUTIONARY WAR VETERAN.
00:49:49BUT IT WAS BURIED HERE. HE WAS ACTUALLY BURIED HERE IN 1943.
00:49:52HIS AND HE'S ONE OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED THIS IS THE GRAVE
00:49:56OF COLONEL WILLIAM RUSSELL.
00:49:58HE WAS SERVING AS THE COLONEL TO
00:50:01CONTINENTAL, THE FIFTH EXCUSE ME TO SEARCHING VIRGINIA AND LATER
00:50:04THE FIFTH CONTINENTAL VIRGINIA SAW EXTENSIVE SERVICE
00:50:08THROUGHOUT, THE WAR. HE WAS A CONFIDANT OF WASHINGTON
00:50:12AND, IN FACT, WAS MENTIONED TO DISPATCHES AND WASHINGTON'S
00:50:15REPORT TO CONGRESS FOR HIS
00:50:17INCREDIBLE SERVICE AT THE BATTLE.
00:50:21OF GERMANTOWN, OCTOBER 4TH, 1777, FOR OF YOU IN THE KNOW HE WAS ON THE EXTREME AMERICAN
00:50:24RIGHT WING FLANK, WHICH WAS ONE
00:50:26OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL ASPER OF THAT OTHERWISE FAILED
00:50:32COUNTEROFFENSIVE LATER ON ALONG WITH MOST THE REST OF THE
00:50:35VIRGINIA LINE HE WILL BE SENT
00:50:37SOUTH AFTER GOOD UP NORTH TO
00:50:41REINFORCE THE SOON TO BE
00:50:42BESIEGED CITY OF CHARLESTON.
00:50:45THEN WHAT HAPPENS TO CHARLESTON
00:50:47ON MAY 12TH, 1780 IT SURRENDERS IN WHAT IS PROBABLY THE WORST
00:50:52UNITED STATES DEFEAT OF THAT WAR.
00:50:54IT'S DISASTROUS NOT BECAUSE IT GIVES THE BRITISH A REALLY
00:50:58FRESH, DEEP WATER PORT IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH.
00:51:02MUCH BETTER THAN SAVANNAH. BUT BASED CLEAR THE ENTIRE SOUTH
00:51:07CAROLINA LINE. ALMOST ALL THE REGIMENTS FROM
00:51:09STATE ARE PART OF THE CAPITAL. AND LINCOLN, THE AFOREMENTIONED
00:51:13COMMANDER MENTIONED, WAS THEIR COMMANDER AND ABOUT TWO THIRDS
00:51:16OF THE VIRGINIA LINE WASHINGTON HAD REINFORCED. IT WAS SOUTHERN SOLDIERS HOPING
00:51:20THAT THEY WOULD DO A BETTER JOB AND BE ABLE TO DEFEND THE CITY
00:51:24AS THEY HAD DONE IN 1775.
00:51:27AFTER, AFTER, AFTER AFTER BEING
00:51:30IMPRISONED FOR SOME TIME IS EXCHANGED BECAUSE OF HIS HIGH
00:51:33RANK, AND HE WILL BE PRESENT FOR.
00:51:36THE FINAL BRITISH AT YORK IN THE
00:51:39VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN IN 1781.
00:51:42NOW HIS FAMILY FINDS HIM, HE HAS A GREAT, GREAT, GREAT
00:51:46GRANDDAUGHTER AND THE RUINS OF THEIR OLD PLANTATION AND HIS
00:51:49GRAVE WAS UNMARKED THROUGH DILIGENCE, SHE WAS ABLE TO FIND
00:51:53THE LOCATION, FOUND A CRACKED, BROKEN HEADSTONE, HAD HIM
00:51:57DISINTERRED HERE, AND HE WAS BROUGHT HERE, AS I SAID, IN
00:51:591943, DURING THE MIDDLE OF THE
00:52:02SECOND WORLD WAR, LIKE SOME OF OTHER GRAVES TO BACK, THIS IS
00:52:06FESTOONED WITH THE WHAT THE SON OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE DAUGHTERS, THE AMERICAN
00:52:10REVOLUTION. BUT THIS IS AS DISTINGUISHED SOLDIER OF THE NEW AMERICAN
00:52:14REVOLUTION AS THERE WAS AND ONE OF THE TWO OR THREE TOP MILITARY
00:52:18GUYS HERE.
00:52:20ANY ABOUT RUSSELL PREVIOUSLY
00:52:22BRIGADIER GENERAL BRADDOCK VERY GOOD QUESTION.
00:52:26BREVET BREVET IS ONE OF THE WORST IDEAS IN THE HISTORY OF MILITARY HISTORY.
00:52:30AND COMES FROM ENGLAND. AND IT COMES FROM THE
00:52:32PARSIMONIOUS NATURE OF WHATEVER PLACE YOU'RE FROM, WAR OR
00:52:38MONARCHY.
00:52:38I REALLY DON'T LIKE PAYING 100
00:52:441200 DOLLARS A MONTH TO A GENERAL WHEN A COLONEL MAKES
00:52:46800, WE'VE ONLY GOT MUCH MONEY WE CAN SPEND IN THIS WAR.
00:52:50SO WHAT I'M GOING TO DO IS I'M GOING TO ALLOW YOU TO WEAR THE
00:52:54UNIFORM OF A BRIGADIER GENERAL,
00:52:56AND YOU CAN HAVE THE TITLE OF
00:52:58BRIGADIER GENERAL, BUT YOU JUST DON'T GET PAID LIKE BUT YOU BY
00:53:02ALL BY DE FACTO OF INTEREST.
00:53:04AND I'LL MAKE THIS SHORT WITH
00:53:08JEFFERSON CREATES THE CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY HELPS WITH THE BUREAUCRACY BEING THE
00:53:11OLD SECRETARY OF WAR IN THE UNITED STATES. HE GETS RID THE BREVET SYSTEM
00:53:17BECAUSE. YOU KNEW IT WAS A DISASTER. GIVE YOU ANOTHER BAD EXAMPLE. 1865 CIVIL WAR ENDS.
00:53:22YOU'VE HEARD OF GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER? HE HAD THREE RANKS. HE WAS BREVET.
00:53:26MAJOR GENERAL OF VOLUNTEERS HIS RANK OFFICIALLY WAS GENERAL OF
00:53:30VOLUNTEERS, BUT SADLY WHEN THE WAR THE VOLUNTEER ARMY WAS
00:53:34DISBANDED, HE REVERTED TO HIS REGULAR RANK CAPTAIN BREVET, AND
00:53:37AGAIN TO SO HE HAD FOUR BUT HIS
00:53:39HE FALLS BACK TO CAPTAIN BIG PAY CUT WHEN THE WAR ENDS.
00:53:42AND BECAUSE THIS YOU CAN IMAGINE
00:53:45HOW CAN FUZING THAT COULD BE AND
00:53:48REALLY REALLY WAS DAVIS WAS SMART ENOUGH TO GET RID OF IT SO
00:53:51HE HE COULD CARRY THE TITLE OF BRIGADIER BUT AND HE COULD
00:53:57THEORETICALLY THE RESPONSIBILITY OF A BRIGADIER. BUT HIS IS A CAR.
00:53:59IT'S AN HONOR IT'S AN HONORIFIC
00:54:01TITLE AND THAT RIGHTFULLY WAS
00:54:05THROWN INTO THE DUSTBIN OF HISTORY.
00:54:09OKAY. LET'S GO TO OVER TO GRAVE.
00:54:13SIX. AND YOU REMEMBER ALLISON YEP. GREEN NEXT.
00:54:18GREEN. OKAY.
00:54:19SO ONE IS A BIT OF A WALK ACROSS SECTION.
00:54:22SO AGAIN, JUST WATCH YOUR STEP. TAKE YOUR TIME. LET US KNOW IF YOU NEED ANY
00:54:26ASSISTANCE, THIS IS GOING TO BE ONE OF THE OH WOW MOMENTS
00:54:30BECAUSE GOING TO IF THOSE OF YOU WHO STUDIED MILITARY HISTORY, YOU'RE GOING TO START RECOGNIZING PEOPLE. YES. WE'RE GOING TO WE'RE GOING TO
00:54:34TRY NOT TO GET DISTRACTED.
00:54:40NO.
00:54:42IT'S THE ONE WITH THE URN ON TOP.
00:54:49YEAH. YEP.
00:54:55I'M NOT 18, 12, 18, 17.
00:54:59SO SO THAT WAS A GRAVE UNKNOWNS
00:55:02OF UNIDENTIFIED SOLDIERS, NOT A TOMB. WE HAVE THE TOMB OF THE CIVIL
00:55:06UNKNOWNS, WHICH WAS ACTUALLY RIGHT BY TANNER AMPHITHEATER.
00:55:08WE SKIPPED IT FOR TIME. AND THEN AT THE TOMB, THE
00:55:12UNKNOWN SOLDIER ITSELF.
00:55:14THERE'S A REMAINS FROM WORLD WAR ONE. WORLD WORLD WAR TWO IN KOREA.
00:55:18YES YES.
00:55:35THIS IS ANOTHER OF OUR REALLY DISTINGUISHED SOLDIERS.
00:55:38THIS IS COLONEL JOHN GREEN, EARLY PATRIOT.
00:55:42HE RAISES A RIFLE AND THAT
00:55:46BECOMES BECOMES ONE OF THE FLAG COMPANIES OF THE FIRST VIRGINIA,
00:55:49LED BY NO LESS THAN PATRICK. AND HE SEES ACTION IN 75 AND 76.
00:55:53HE'S QUICKLY PROMOTED TO LATER THE 10TH AND THE SIXTH VIRGINIA
00:55:58LINE. NOW, HE WAS BORN IN THE LIBERTY
00:56:00PLANTATION AND HAD SEVERAL BROTHERS, ALL OF WHOM HAD
00:56:04FLAMING RED HAIR. SO THEY WERE KNOWN AS THE RED
00:56:08GREENS BY THEIR LOCAL THEIR LOCAL INHABITANTS IN DURING THE
00:56:12BATTLE OF. I CAN NEVER PRONOUNCE.
00:56:16I'M NOT FROM NEW YORK. MY MARYLAND.
00:56:19MAILMAN KNOCK MY MURDOCK WHAT'S CALLED HIGH TOWER HILL THAT'S
00:56:23IT'S NAME HE'S ACTUALLY SHOT THE SHOULDER WHEN HE STILL WITH THE
00:56:26FIRST NONETHELESS HE STAYS AND
00:56:28IN LINE NOW I TOLD YOU ABOUT THE DESTRUCTION OF THE SOUTH
00:56:33CAROLINA ONLINE I DIDN'T AND A LOT OF THE VIRGINIA LINE GETTING
00:56:35CAPTURED I DIDN'T ABOUT THE DESTRUCTION OF THE REST OF THE
00:56:39LINE, WHICH HAPPENS ABOUT TWO
00:56:41WEEKS AFTER THE BATTLE AT THE FALL OF CHARLESTON AT A PLACE
00:56:44CALLED THE WAX HORSE BANNISTER, CHARLTON'S RAMPAGING AMERICAN
00:56:50LOYALISTS CAPTURE A REINFORCING BRIGADE, WAS HEADING ACTUALLY,
00:56:53THEN RETREATING AWAY CHARLESTON AND WIPES IT OUT.
00:56:56HE WAS ONE OF THE FEW VIRGINIA COMMANDERS WHO WAS NOT PRESENT.
00:57:00HE WAS RAISING VOLUNTEERS TO
00:57:03ATTEMPT TO GO HELP IN CHARLESTON. AND SO HE SURVIVES.
00:57:06HE DOES SOME TROOPS. THESE ARE BECOME FAMOUS VIRGINIA
00:57:10LAW AS THE 18TH MONTH MEN. THEY WERE CONTINENTAL.
00:57:13THERE WAS NEVER ENOUGH OF THEM. BUT HE DOES FIGHT VERY WELL,
00:57:17REINFORCING NATHANIEL GREEN, AND THEY DO FIGHT AT GUILFORD COURTHOUSE.
00:57:20IN FACT, IT'S HIS OR HIS BATTALION, GREEN'S BATTALION,
00:57:24THAT HELPS IN THE REAR GUARD.
00:57:28THE END OF THE WAR FINDS HIM DOING DUTY AGAIN. THE THREE VIRGINIA BATTALIONS
00:57:32WERE ORGANIZED, TWO REGIMENTS. HE'S THE MAN OUT AND HE DOESN'T
00:57:36GET COMMAND OF REGIMENT, BUT NONETHELESS DOES THE BEST BEST
00:57:40HE COULD. HE IS, IN FACT, ONE OF THE FOUNDING MEMBERS, THE SOCIETY OF
00:57:44CINCINNATI. SO HE'S QUITE AN IMPORTANT
00:57:46FELLOW AND GET AN IDEA AND HE DIES IN 17/93.
00:57:49HE LIKE SO MANY OF THE OTHERS,
00:57:52IT SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN A IS GOING TO BE BROUGHT HERE IN 1911.
00:57:55AND IF YOU TO THE BACK OF HIS HEADSTONE, YOU'LL SEE THE
00:57:58DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REBEL SONS, AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND
00:58:01THE DAUGHTERS PLAQUE RIGHT THERE AT THE BOTTOM.
00:58:04ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT ANOTHER
00:58:07ANOTHER VERY GALLANT SOLDIER LIKE I GOING TO ASK SOMETHING, ARE YOU JUST HOLDING CELL PHONE
00:58:12UP? OH, I KNEW. AND YOU KNOW, IT'S ONE OF THOSE THINGS I PRACTICED LIKE EIGHT
00:58:15TIMES IN THE MIRROR LAST NIGHT, MERRIMACK. BUT IT'S ALSO KNOWN AS HALTON
00:58:20HILL. SO WE'LL JUST CALL IT THAT. HOUSMAN HILL.
00:58:23HALTON HILL. IT'S FOR AGAIN, IN THE KNOW,
00:58:26IT'S PART OF THE WHITE PLAINS AS
00:58:28WASHINGTON RETREATS NORTH HOW
00:58:30TRIES TO HIM OUT AGAIN HOW
00:58:36SENDS.
00:58:44A REGIMENT OF LOYALISTS WHICH REPULSED WHEN ACTIONS COME TO
00:58:48THE RESCUE OF THE OF THE ILL TRAINED LOYALISTS BUT HE SHOT TO
00:58:52THE SHOULDER IN THAT ACTION AND IF YOU GO THERE ON THAT LITTLE
00:58:56HILLTOP OF MORNING TALK WHATEVER YOU'LL FIND YOU'LL FIND THE
00:59:00YOU'LL FIND A MONUMENT TO THE BATTLEFIELD. AND I'M GOING TO GET IT RIGHT
00:59:04BEFORE. I GET OUT OF HERE.
00:59:05IT'S MY MAYOR, MY MY MERIT, NOT
00:59:09MY MARINETTE MY MERIT. MAMARONECK THAT IS THE CORRECT
00:59:13FINALLY CAME THAT CONSTABULARY
00:59:15OR TWO WORDS I CAN NEVER. ALTHOUGH I DID JUST THERE.
00:59:17ALL RIGHT RIGHT. OKAY, ALISON, ANY QUESTIONS
00:59:22AGAIN? OKAY, SO RIGHT NOW, IN KEEPING
00:59:25WITH OUR FOCUS THE CREATION OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY, WE'RE
00:59:29ACTUALLY GOING TO BE DEMOCRATIC AND GOING TO GIVE YOU A VOTE
00:59:33SINCE. WE DID HAVE TO HOLD A LITTLE BIT LONGER NEAR GRAVE OF LON FONT.
00:59:36WE HAVE TO WE CAN TAKE A BIT OF
00:59:39LONGER HIKE OVER TO ONE MORE
00:59:42HEADSTONE OF JAMES MCCUBBIN LINCOLN AND THEN HEAD OVER TO
00:59:46MEMORIAL FOR THE CONCLUSION. OR BECAUSE IT IS 1030.
00:59:49WE WANT TO BE RESPECTFUL OF YOUR TIME. WE CAN JUST HEAD STRAIGHT TO
00:59:53MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER AND I PROMISE NO HARD IF YOU WANT TO IF YOU WANT TO CUT IT.
00:59:57SO IF YOU WANT TO HEAD THE NEXT
00:59:59GRAVE, LET'S A SHOW OF HANDS.
01:00:04ALL RIGHT. AND IF YOU WANT TO HEAD STRAIGHT
01:00:07MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER. ALL RIGHT. SO I THINK YOU HAVE OUTVOTED.
01:00:11WE'RE GOING TO GO TO THE NEXT GRAVE IF YOU NEED TO PEEL.
01:00:15OFF RIGHT NOW. WE WE WILL NOT FEEL BAD AT ALL.
01:00:17WE ARE HAPPY TO HAVE YOU GUYS FOR WHATEVER TIME YOU WERE ABLE
01:00:21TO GIVE US. AND IF YOU ANY DIRECTIONS, JUST LET KNOW.
01:00:25SO WE ARE GOING TO TAKE BIT OF A
01:00:27HIKING STROLL NOW TO THAT NEXT HEADSTONE.
01:00:31ANY QUESTIONS BEFORE WE FOR
01:00:35THAT? AND I JUST WANT TO THANK MS. FOR
01:00:37JOINING US TODAY AND ANSWERING OUR QUESTIONS AS WELL.
01:00:41THANK YOU. HEY, THANK YOU ALL FOR BEING WE
01:00:43REALLY COULD STAY HERE ARE ALL THE CALLS AND TALK ABOUT ALL THE
01:00:47ALL THE STORIES OUT HERE. BUT I ALSO REALLY APPRECIATE
01:00:51ALLISON AND ROD. THIS IS WHAT THEY DO SINGLE DAY,
01:00:53TAKE ADVANTAGE OF GOING ON WEBSITE, GO TO THE EDUCATION
01:00:57MODULE, IT'S FREE. WE SET IT UP FOR TEACHERS SO
01:01:00THEY CAN GET THE HISTORY IN THE CLASSROOM. AND I LOVE IT WHEN THE TEACHERS
01:01:03COME OUT HERE WITH THEIR STUDENTS AND, GIVE THEM HOMEWORK, YOU KNOW, THE FALLEN
01:01:07HEROES WERE LAID TO REST HERE. JUST I CAN'T TEACH THE CHILDREN. WELL, IT'S GREAT.
01:01:11I GOT TO PEEL OFF ANYWAY. THANK YOU, MA'AM.
01:01:15YOU BE SAFE. ALL RIGHT, SO LET'S GO AHEAD AND HEAD OVER TO THAT GRAVE AGAIN.
01:01:20LET'S ALL WATCH OUR STEP.
01:01:24WELL IT'S CERTAINLY AN IMPRESSIVE HEADSTONE. THIS IS ONE OF THIS WILL BE OUR LAST OF THE GRAVES WE'RE GOING
01:01:28TO ACTUALLY TALK ABOUT. AND THIS ACTUALLY ONE OF THE MORE TRAGIC STORIES HERE.
01:01:30THIS IS THE GRAVE OF JAMES MCCUBBIN. LYNN, AGAIN, HE ACTUALLY WAS ONE
01:01:34OF THE ORIGINAL OFFICERS OF THE
01:01:36VIRGINIA, MARYLAND RIFLE, WHICH
01:01:38WAS A TOUGH OUTFIT BUT BASICALLY
01:01:42RIFLEMEN THAT WAS RAISED AND PAID FOR BY THE WAR DEPARTMENT.
01:01:44THEY DIDN'T FALL UNDER THE LINE OF EITHER STATE.
01:01:48THEY SEE QUITE A BIT OF ACTION IN THE 76 NEW YORK CAMPAIGN.
01:01:51THEY FIGHT IN LONG BROOKLYN HEIGHTS, THE AFOREMENTIONED
01:01:55WHITE PLAINS. BUT AGAIN WASHINGTON'S FORCED
01:01:59OUT. SO WASHINGTON DESPERATE TO HOLD ON TO WHAT HE CAN DECIDES TO
01:02:04MAKE ONE LAST STAND IN MANHATTAN
01:02:08AND, HE PUT ME AND DANIEL GREEN, HIS AIDE PICKS A PLACE CALLED SOON TO BE.
01:02:11NOW FOR WASHINGTON, FROM WHICH
01:02:12THE NEIGHBORHOOD TAKES ITS NAME. THEY MAKE WHAT THEY CONSIDER TO
01:02:16BE AN IMPREGNABLE. NOTHING IS IMPREGNABLE TO HOW
01:02:20WHO LAUNCHES A FRONTAL ATTACK ON
01:02:22AND TAKES IT WENT AGAIN IS BEEN
01:02:24ADDED REPEATEDLY INCLUDING ONCE THE CHEST. HE'S ALSO TAKEN PRISONER.
01:02:28HE IS ALLEGEDLY PUT ABOARD THE
01:02:30THE DREADED PRISON SHIP JERSEY.
01:02:34THIS IS THIS IS DOUBTFUL HE WAS
01:02:37RELEASED AGAIN ABOUT THAT TIME
01:02:39THAT POOR SHIP GOING ONLINE. BUT HIS HEALTH WAS LARGELY
01:02:44RUINED. HE WILL STAY IN REAR POSITIONS. HE WON'T DECIUS HOURLY COMMAND
01:02:47IN THE FIELD AGAIN. THAT BECOMES A VERY FEDERALIST
01:02:51AND HAS FAIRLY LONG LIFE.
01:02:55BUT THAT LIFE IS TRAGICALLY BROUGHT SHORT.
01:02:59IN 1812, BALTIMORE WAS A VERY,
01:03:01VERY DEMOCRATIC TOWN.
01:03:03WE TALKED ABOUT LETTERS OF
01:03:06MARQUE AND.
01:03:09COMMERCE RAIDING AND THINGS LIKE THAT THAT YOU COULD DO.
01:03:12BALTIMORE WAS VERY VERY, VERY MUCH INTERESTED IN GOING TO WAR
01:03:16WITH GREAT BRITAIN FOR A SECOND TIME. THE FEDERALIST THERE TO INCLUDE
01:03:22HENRY, WHO WAS ROBERT E LEE'S DAD WERE IT AND THERE WAS A
01:03:24LOCAL NEWSPAPER IT SAID WE
01:03:27SHARED WE SHOULD GO TO WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN.
01:03:30THIS THIS IS REALLY STUPID. A MOB APPROACH.
01:03:34THE NEWSPAPER MAN'S HOUSE, THE WAR.
01:03:36HARRY LEE AND LYNN AGAIN,
01:03:38SOMEHOW MANAGED TO GET THROUGH THE CROWD AND BARRICADED
01:03:41THEMSELVES IN THE HOUSE. THE MOB BEGAN TO THROW TORCHES
01:03:45OTHER THINGS AT THAT AT THE AT AT THE DOMICILE.
01:03:49LOCAL POLICE CAME AND GOT TOOK THEM TO JAIL FOR THEIR OWN
01:03:54SAFETY LATER THAT NIGHT. AND EVEN LARGER MOB WILL BREAK
01:03:58OPEN THE JAIL AND OVERPOWER THE POLICE LIGHT HORSE.
01:04:01HARRY LEE IS STRIPPED, TARRED AND FEATHERED, BEATEN.
01:04:05STAY ALMOST SEVER HIS NOSE FROM HIS FACE. HE NEVER REALLY RECOVERS.
01:04:08HE WILL ACTUALLY LEAVE THE COUNTRY LARGELY BECAUSE HE WAS DESTINED DESTITUTE AND OWED A
01:04:12LOT OF LAND, A LOT OF TO TO SUITORS.
01:04:16BUT LYNN, AGAIN, DOESN'T SURVIVE THE BEATING. HE'S KILLED.
01:04:20SO A WAR HE HEROES KILLED BY
01:04:22THOSE CLAMORING FOR WAR WITH. GREAT BRITAIN. OH, THE IRONY.
01:04:26BUT HE'S SORT OF AN EARLY MARTYR
01:04:28FOR THE FIRST AMENDMENT.
01:04:31IN FAIRNESS TO OUR NATION, EVERYBODY WAS MAD ABOUT THAT,
01:04:35INCLUDING MANY OF THE LEADING CITIZENS, BALTIMORE,
01:04:39PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK. EVERYONE SAID THAT THAT WAS OUT OF CONTROL.
01:04:43YOU KNOW, GET THIS GET THIS SITUATION UNDER CONTROL.
01:04:45THIS MAN HAD EARNED THE RIGHT TO WHATEVER HE WANTS.
01:04:49AND WE'VE SEEN THAT A LITTLE BIT, TOO, IN TODAY, TODAY'S WORLD WITH SOME FAR MORE FAMOUS
01:04:54POLITICIANS, DISTINGUISHED RECORDS AND SUCH. SO WE'LL LEAVE IT AT THAT ANY
01:04:58QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SAD TALE OF JAMES LYNN AGAIN OKAY WE'LL GO TO THE AMPITHEATER.
01:05:02THIS IS ALSO A GOOD OPPORTUNITY IF YOU WANT LOOK AT THE BACK OF HIS HEADSTONE TO SEE THOSE
01:05:06DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND SONS OF AMERICAN
01:05:08REVOLUTION PLAQUES AS WELL WELL.
01:05:14YOU KNOW, HE WE DON'T GET WE
01:05:16DON'T START.
01:05:20THERE. THIS WAS A PLANTATION, 64.
01:05:21SO HE WAS REINTERRED HERE.
01:05:25SO HE WAS BURIED IN HARTFORD.
01:05:33I. YEAH THAT AS YOU BURIED BURIED
01:05:36IN HERTFORD COUNTY, MARYLAND DIED IN 1812.
01:05:40YES. YEAH HE WAS BURIED HE WAS ACTUALLY ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF
01:05:45GEORGETOWN AS AS A TOWN. SO HE WAS ACTUALLY BURIED IN
01:05:48GEORGETOWN WHEN A LOT OF CHURCHES IN GEORGETOWN WENT
01:05:52BELLY UP. AND WHEN THEY DID, IT BECAME OPEN GROUND ON THEIR GRAVES.
01:05:55AND SO THEY WOULD OFTEN TRY TO PRESERVE THAT.
01:05:57I CAN'T STAND THAT WHEN THEY DIG
01:06:00UNDER THE VEIL MONUMENT, WHICH
01:06:03AGAIN, TWO DIFFERENT SWORDS, TWO DIFFERENT HILTS, THEN WE SAY,
01:06:07WE'LL TELL YOU IN A SECOND, SIR, I CAN ANSWER THAT FOR YOU AS. I COLLECT SWORDS.
01:06:13OKAY. THE ONE THE ONE ON THE LEFT APPEARS TO BE IS A WITH A BACK
01:06:16STRAP IS, WHAT'S CALLED GENERALLY A HANGAR, WHICH
01:06:20PROBABLY IS IN WAR, WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN CARRIED BY SENIOR NCOS
01:06:22AND JUNIOR OFFICERS. LARGER ONE WITH THE OPEN HELP
01:06:26WOULD HAVE CARRIED BY AN OFFICER. SO IT MEANS YOU WENT UP IN RANK
01:06:29IN THE CONTINENTAL ARMY. DON'T QUOTE ME ON THAT, BUT I'M GUESSING ON THAT. YEAH. YEAH.
01:06:33SO THIS THIS IS WHAT THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN CALLED AT THE TIME OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
01:06:37THE SCABBARD ARE COMPLETELY WRONG BY THE WAY ARE LIKE CIVIL
01:06:39WAR SCHOLARS THIS IS THIS IS CALLED THE FRONT. THIS IS CALLED A BRIQUETTE.
01:06:42AND IT WAS A SIGN OF NCO. UNLESS YOU WERE A GRENADIER OR
01:06:46WHITE INFANTRYMEN. THEN EVERYBODY CARRIED ONE. SO BEING A RIFLEMAN, HE WOULD
01:06:50HAVE HAD BEEN ELIGIBLE TO CARRY A BRICK AT THIS MEANS THIS IS A
01:06:54HUNTING SWORD. THE ACTUAL PURPOSE OF IT IS TO
01:06:58DISPATCH GAME THAT YOU'VE SHOT DID YOU SEE THE BENJAMIN
01:07:01FRANKLIN MINISERIES THAT CAME OUT THERE? THEY'RE HUNTING THE FRENCH ARE
01:07:04HUNTING A AND THEY KILL IT AND YOU SEE THEM TAKE A HUNTING OUT AND DISPATCH IT.
01:07:09THAT'S BUT IT WAS OFTEN WORN BY LIGHT INFANTRY OFFICERS TO BE
01:07:12COOL AND IN GENERAL, WASHINGTON
01:07:14ITSELF HAD A HUNTING SWORD THAT HE WORE ON THE FIELD. THEY WERE COMFORTABLE.
01:07:18YEP. I DON'T HAVE TO CHECK OUT THAT FRANKLIN RIGHT.
01:07:24I'M 100% CERTAIN I'M RIGHT. I DON'T I DON'T WANT BE SAUCE IN THAT.
01:07:27THE PROBLEM IS, IS THAT THE SWORD BELT REGS AND THE SCHABAS
01:07:30ARE CIVIL WAR ERA RIGHT AND
01:07:35SHORT HEATH CODE. HILL OKAY. KEITH COAT.
01:07:39HILL OH, THINKING OF ALL YOU'RE THINKING OF. ALL RIGHT, FOLKS.
01:07:42SO WE'RE GOING TO DO THIS IS GOING TO BE A BIT OF A WALK BUT
01:07:46IT'S GOING TO BE ON EVEN TERRAIN
01:07:49SO WE'RE GOING TO WALK OVER TO MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER. IF YOU NEED TO PEEL, GO AHEAD AT
01:07:54ANY ASK RODNEY QUESTIONS.
01:07:56I'LL TAKE THE FRONT ROD. YOU TAKE SORT OF THE MIDDLE AND
01:07:59THE REAR AND HEAD OFF.
01:08:04ON SOME OF STICK UP HERE. THANK YOU.
01:08:08WE ARE NOW HERE STANDING OUTSIDE
01:08:10OF MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER, OUR
01:08:13FINAL STOP FOR TODAY. AND THIS IS REALLY THE CENTRAL
01:08:17SITE MILITARY COMMEMORATION AT
01:08:19ARLINGTON CONSTRUCTION ON MORAL AMPHITHEATER BEGAN IN 1915.
01:08:23AND THE DEDICATION AND CEREMONY
01:08:25FOR THE COMPLETED STRUCTURE TOOK
01:08:28PLACE ON MAY 15TH, 1920. MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER WAS
01:08:32CREATED AS A GRAND VENUE FOR THE
01:08:34ANNUAL MEMORIAL DAY OBSERVANCE
01:08:37FOR FUNERALS AND FOR CEREMONIES AND IT IS STILL USED FOR THIS
01:08:41PURPOSE TODAY. IF YOU'VE EVER WATCHED NATIONAL
01:08:43MEMORIAL DAY OBSERVANCE OR THE NATIONAL VETERANS DAY OBSERVANCE
01:08:47TV, IT TAKES PLACE RIGHT HERE IN THE AMPHITHEATER. IT CONSTRUCTED OUT OF THIS
01:08:52ELEGANT WHITE MARBLE AND THE NEO
01:08:54CLASSICAL BEAUX ARTS STYLE. REMEMBER HOW WE TALKED ABOUT THE
01:08:58CITY MOVEMENT AT LAND FONTS?
01:09:01THIS IS ALSO PART OF THAT CITY.
01:09:03BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENTS TO TAKE
01:09:07WASHINGTON AND ITS LANDSCAPE AND
01:09:09MAKE IT INTO A PLACE THAT COULD EQUAL OUR EUROPEAN ALLIES.
01:09:13IT WAS IT WAS INTENDED TO BE
01:09:15LIKE THE WESTMINSTER OF THE
01:09:18UNITED STATES, AND IT REALLY WANTED TO SHOW THAT AS THE
01:09:22UNITED STATES TOOK A GREATER PRESENCE. THE GLOBAL STAGE.
01:09:25WE WERE EQUAL TO THOSE OTHER NATIONS. AND THIS IS ESPECIALLY
01:09:29IMPORTANT. AFTER THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
01:09:31RIGHT BEHIND US, WE HAVE THE USS MAINE MEMORIAL, WHICH IS
01:09:35ACTUALLY THE MAST OF THE BATTLESHIP WAS SUNK IN HAVANA
01:09:38HARBOR AND THE 1898
01:09:41SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, AS WE WILL SEE AS WE GO INTO MEMORIAL
01:09:45AMPHITHEATER, THIS STRUCTURE HAS
01:09:47LAYERS OF MEANING AND SYMBOLISM
01:09:50THAT WERE COMBINED TO REALLY CREATE A PLACE THAT WOULD THE
01:09:54UNITED STATES ON THAT MAP.
01:09:57AND ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT THE AMPITHEATER IS
01:10:01HOW IT ACTUALLY INSCRIBES THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES
01:10:04ONTO ITS VERY WALLS. I LIKE TO THINK OF THE
01:10:07AMPHITHEATER AS SHOWCASING THE GREATEST HITS OF AMERICAN
01:10:10MILITARY HISTORY AT THE TIME, ITS DESIGN AND THIS IS FAR
01:10:14DIFFERENT FROM THE FIRST AMPHITHEATER WE SAW EARLIER. TANNER AMPHITHEATER, THAT SMALL
01:10:19AMPHITHEATER WITH THAT PERGOLA AND THE BEAUTIFUL VINES ON TOP.
01:10:22WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT STRUCTURE
01:10:24TO THIS STRUCTURE, YOU CAN SEE THE DIFFERENCE.
01:10:28AND SIGNIFICANTLY, FOR OUR PURPOSES TODAY, MEMORIAL
01:10:31AMPHITHEATER HAS MANY REFERENCES TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND I
01:10:35PARKED US HERE SO WE CAN SEE A COUPLE OF THOSE IF YOU'LL TURN WITH ME AND LOOK AT THE
01:10:39AMPHITHEATER NOW YOU SEE IT HAS
01:10:42THIS COLONNADE.
01:10:44IF YOU LOOK AT THE TOP ABOVE
01:10:46WHAT ARCHITECTS WOULD CALL THE
01:10:48IN TABLATURE THAT VERY DETAILED
01:10:50CARVED AREA ABOVE THE DORIC
01:10:54COLUMNS. AS YOU CAN SEE A SERIES OF 44
01:10:57PANELS EACH THEM CONTAINS THE
01:10:59NAME OF A FAMOUS UP TO THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR BECAUSE
01:11:03THIS STRUCTURE WAS DESIGNED, THE U.S. ENTERED WORLD WAR ONE.
01:11:07IT STOPS THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, AND HERE WE CAN SEE THE
01:11:11NAMES OF BATTLES FROM THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
01:11:13IF YOU LOOK WITH ME DIRECTLY TO
01:11:17THE OF THE MAIN ENTRANCE, THE
01:11:19AMPHITHEATER UP AT THE TOP, IT LEXINGTON, THEN IT SAYS
01:11:23TICONDEROGA BUNKER, TRENTON
01:11:27SERAPIS, MONMOUTH, STONY.
01:11:30AND TRUST ME, YOU CAN'T THEM. BUT AS WE GO AROUND IT ALSO
01:11:34KINGS MOUNTAIN GUILFORD AND
01:11:38YORKTOWN. SO ALTHOUGH THESE BATTLES WERE
01:11:40WAGED VERY FAR FROM ARLINGTON AND LONG BEFORE ITS
01:11:44ESTABLISHMENT INSCRIPTIONS
01:11:46TANGIBLY CONNECT THE CEMETERY TO
01:11:49BATTLEFIELDS, THEY ARE I THINK,
01:11:51A STUNNING VISUAL REMINDER OF
01:11:53AMERICA'S MILITARY AND THE
01:11:57SACRIFICES WERE MADE TO SECURE INDEPENDENCE. SO AS PEOPLE WALK AND YOU CAN
01:12:01SEE THEM NOW, IF THEY TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK UP, THEY MIGHT LOOK
01:12:04UP AND SEE LEXINGTON. THAT'S RIGHT. THAT'S A BATTLE FROM THE
01:12:08AMERICAN REVOLUTION OR LET'S SAY THEY'VE NEVER HEARD OF LEXINGTON
01:12:12BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T GO ON THIS TOUR. MAYBE THEY WILL ASK, WHAT IS
01:12:16LEXINGTON? I'M GOING TO GO HOME AND GOOGLE THAT I'M TO SEE WHAT I CAN LEARN.
01:12:19AND IT PEOPLE TO TRY AND A
01:12:22LITTLE BIT DEEPER INTO. OUR MILITARY HISTORY AND
01:12:26PARTICULAR AS WE HOST LARGE
01:12:28IMPORTANT CEREMONIES HERE THIS MEANS THAT THE MEMORY OF THE
01:12:31AMERICAN REVOLUTION OFTEN IS PRESENT AT EACH OF THEM
01:12:35QUESTIONS BEFORE WE ACTUALLY
01:12:37INSIDE THE AMPHITHEATER AND IT ENDS AT THE SPANISH ENDS OF THE
01:12:41SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. SO YOU SEE SANTIAGO GO OVER
01:12:44THERE TO THE LEFT.
01:12:46OKAY, ANY OTHER QUESTIONS.
01:12:48OKAY, LET'S HEAD INSIDE AND JUST
01:12:50WATCH YOUR ON THE MARBLE.
01:13:01OUTSIDE.
01:13:13OF.
01:13:30STREET AND HERE.
01:14:09ALL RIGHT SO WE ARE INSIDE MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER NOW AND I
01:14:12WANT TO POINT OUT A COUPLE OTHER
01:14:14FEATURES TO ABOVE THE ON EITHER
01:14:19SIDE ARE INSCRIBED THE NAMES OF
01:14:21FAMOUS AND FAMOUS ADMIRALS.
01:14:24SO IF YOU LOOK OVER HERE, WE
01:14:26HAVE THE NAMES, FAMOUS GENERALS,
01:14:28THOSE FROM THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION INCLUDE GEORGE
01:14:32WASHINGTON GREEN AND ANTHONY.
01:14:35AND THEN OVER ON THIS SIDE HAVE
01:14:38OUR LIST OF FAMOUS ADMIRALS, INCLUDING FROM THE REVOLUTIONARY
01:14:42WAR, JOHN PAUL JONES AND THOMAS STRUCK STONE.
01:14:45SO THE STAGE WHERE THE PRESIDENT
01:14:49OTHER HIGH RANKING GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS PRESIDES OVER EVENTS
01:14:53LIKE MEMORIAL DAY, VETERANS DAY AND EVERY ONE OF THE BURIALS FOR
01:14:57THE UNKNOWN SOLDIERS BURIED IN THE TOMB JUST BEHIND US.
01:15:00THAT STAGE IS FRAMED BY.
01:15:02THE NAMES OF THESE FAMOUS
01:15:05MILITARY LEADERS FROM AMERICAN
01:15:07AND THEN ABOVE THE STAGE IN APS,
01:15:09WHICH IS THAT CIRCULAR THAT'S
01:15:11RECESSED BACK.
01:15:13WE ALSO HAVE A QUOTE FROM GEORGE
01:15:16ADDRESS TO THE NEW YORK CONGRESS
01:15:18ON JUNE 26, 1775.
01:15:21IN THIS SPEECH WASHINGTON WAS
01:15:23CONCERNS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL
01:15:25TYRANNY OF A STANDING ARMY AND TO ALLEVIATE THE ALLEVIATE THOSE
01:15:30FEARS, HE STATED, QUOTE, WHEN WE ASSUME THE SOLDIER, WE DID NOT
01:15:34LAY ASIDE THE CITIZEN, AND WE
01:15:35SHALL MOST SINCERELY REJOICE WITH YOU IN THAT HAPPY HOUR,
01:15:40WHEN ESTABLISHMENT OF AMERICAN LIBERTY ON THE MOST FIRM AND
01:15:43SOLID SHALL ENABLE US RETURN TO
01:15:46OUR PRIVATE STATIONS IN THE
01:15:48BOSOM OF A FREE, PEACEFUL AND HAPPY COUNTRY.
01:15:51SO THE QUOTE CUT AND ADAPTED SLIGHTLY AND IT SAYS WHEN WE
01:15:56ASSUMED SOLDIER, WE DID NOT LAY
01:15:58ASIDE THE CITIZEN BY SELECTING, QUOTE, FOR THE CENTER OF THE
01:16:03AMPHITHEATER ABOVE THE STAGE
01:16:03WHERE THESE ARE PRESIDING.
01:16:07THE ARCHITECT AND THE COMMISSION CHARGE OF PLANNING THE
01:16:11AMPHITHEATER WAS WE'RE MAKING A POINTED STATEMENT ABOUT THE
01:16:14NATURE OF OUR MILITARY AND ITS ORIGINS IN THE AMERICAN
01:16:18REVOLUTION. AND THE WASHINGTON IS LONG GONE.
01:16:20HIS WORDS ARE PRESENT AT EVERY
01:16:23EVENT HERE AS CONSTANT REMINDER
01:16:25OF OUR NATION'S DEMOCRATIC
01:16:29PRINCIPLES. IN 1921, MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER.
01:16:32EVEN MORE IMPORTANT, WHEN IT WAS
01:16:34AS THE SITE FOR THE TOMB OF THE
01:16:36UNKNOWN SOLDIER AND WITH THE NOVEMBER 11TH, 1921, BURIAL OF
01:16:40THE WORLD, ONE UNKNOWN.
01:16:42THE AMPHITHEATER TOOK ON NEW
01:16:44MEANINGS THAT CONNECTED THE NATION'S LATEST CONFLICT TO ITS
01:16:48FOUNDING CONFLICT.
01:16:50THIS SYMBOLISM EXTENDED BEYOND
01:16:52MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER AS THE US
01:16:55OLYMPIA, THE NAVAL SHIP THAT WAS TRANSPORTING THE UNKNOWN
01:16:58SOLDIER'S REMAINS WAS COMING UP THE POTOMAC RIVER TOWARDS ITS
01:17:02FINAL DESTINATION OF WASHINGTON NAVY YARD.
01:17:04IT PASSED GEORGE WASHINGTON'S
01:17:06HOUSE MOUNTAIN VERNON AND THE
01:17:10SAILORS MARINES ON BOARD THAT SHIP RENDERED HONORS TO
01:17:14WASHINGTON. THEY PASSED MT. VERNON. THEY STOOD AT ATTENTION.
01:17:17THEY HAD A FULL GUARD. THEY TOLD THE BELLS.
01:17:19THEY SOUNDED TAPS, AND THEY
01:17:22PLAYED THE NATIONAL ANTHEM. SO THESE GESTURES WERE
01:17:26CONNECTING THE UNKNOWN SOLDIER WITH WASHINGTON'S LEGACY AND
01:17:29ACKNOWLEDGING THE POWER OF THE REVOLUTION'S MEMORY.
01:17:33EVEN AS THE COUNTRY WAS FOCUSING ON ITS RECENT GLOBAL CONFLICT
01:17:37AND. IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THAT STORY, WE HAVE A NEW
01:17:39DIGITAL PUBLICATION OUT THAT IS
01:17:42ENTIRELY FOCUSED ON THE ORIGINS AND CREATION OF THE TOMB OF THE UNKNOWN.
01:17:46YOU CAN ACCESS IT ON OUR OR IF
01:17:48YOU CAN'T FIND IT, LET ME. IT'S CALLED THE TOMB IN THE
01:17:51HEART OF A NATION. THE ORIGINS AND CREATION OF THE
01:17:54TOMB OF THE UNKNOWN SOLDIER.
01:17:56I WROTE IT SUPPORT FROM ROD AND,
01:18:00TIM AND KEVIN KEVIN.
01:18:03YOU'RE SOMEWHERE. I DON'T KNOW WHERE KEVIN IS, BUT KEVIN HELPED.
01:18:06SO IT WAS A TEAM EFFORT. SO PLEASE, IT IS FREE. IT IS FOR THE PUBLIC.
01:18:10IT IS FOR ALL OF YOU TO ENJOY AND SHARE.
01:18:14COME ON UP AS WE CONCLUDE, THERE'S A LOT MORE THAT WE COULD
01:18:18TALK REGARDING. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION'S LEGACY
01:18:21AT ARLINGTON. BUT AT RISK OF.
01:18:25ROD AND I TALKING FOR ANOTHER
01:18:26250 YEARS, WHICH IS POSSIBLE WE DO WE DO HAVE TO CONCLUDE.
01:18:31SO WE'RE REALLY HOPING THAT YOU ARE ABLE TO JUST HOW DEEPLY THE
01:18:35REVOLUTIONS IS EMBEDDED AT ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY FROM
01:18:38THE GRAVE, PEOPLE ON FANS TO THE VETERANS SECTION ONE TO RIGHT
01:18:42HERE IN MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER AND BEYOND, THE REVOLUTION CAN
01:18:46BE EXPLORED AND COMMEMORATED IN MANY WAYS.
01:18:50AT ARLINGTON, WE HAVE OUR ORIGINS IN THE CIVIL WAR, YES,
01:18:53BUT OUR IS ALSO PART OF
01:18:57AMERICA'S 250TH ANNIVERSARY, A RECOGNITION THAT WE'RE
01:18:59CELEBRATING THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. PLEASE CHECK OUT OUR EDUCATION
01:19:03PROGRAM. THIS PROGRAM HAS OVER A DOZEN
01:19:06MODULES ON DIFFERENT THEMES,
01:19:08EVERYTHING FROM WORLD WAR TO THE CIVIL WAR ERA.
01:19:10AND WE JUST RELEASED OUR NEW
01:19:12MODULES ON AMERICA 250 AND THE
01:19:15AMERICAN REVOLUTION. AND IT HAS MATERIALS FOR
01:19:18TEACHERS, STUDENTS K THROUGH 12 FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN AND
01:19:22LIFELONG, WHICH IS ALL OF US WHO ARE MAYBE IN SCHOOL BUT STILL
01:19:25WANT TO LEARN. FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA AT
01:19:28ARLINGTON, NAITO TO STAY UP TO DATE.
01:19:31YOU SHOULD JOIN OUR GOVT
01:19:33DELIVERY NEWSLETTER, WHATEVER
01:19:35NEWSLETTER THAT JOHN AND MUSEUM HAS TO KEEP YOU IN TOUCH WITH
01:19:41THAT BEFORE HAND IT OVER TO ROD
01:19:44TO SAY A FEW WORDS FROM HERE. WHAT DO YOU WANT DO?
01:19:47YOU'RE WELCOME TO LEAVE THE CEMETERY. WE POINT YOU OUT.
01:19:49YOU ARE ALSO INVITED TO GO
01:19:52EXPLORE OUR DISPLAY ROOM EXHIBIT AND SEE THE CHANGING OF THE GUARD.
01:19:56THE ONE WOULD BE AT 1130.
01:19:56SO THAT'S LITTLE OVER 12 OF 17
01:20:01MINUTES FROM NOW. I THINK. SO YOU CAN GO SEE THE CHANGING
01:20:06OF THE GUARD ROD. THERE'LL BE A TON OF WREATHS AS WELL. SO IF YOU CAN, IF YOU WANT TO GO
01:20:09OUT LOOK AT THE TOMB THEY'LL BE SOLDIERS COMING OUT BLOWING TAPS
01:20:13FOR LADY OF THE HIGHWAY FROM RACING WISCONSIN OR WHATEVER
01:20:15CIVIC OR CIVIL GROUP GOES TO GO
01:20:20BY. THANK YOU ALSO. WE WANT TO THANK OUR FRIENDS
01:20:23FROM C-SPAN WHO ARE HERE TODAY RECORDING US. SO HOPEFULLY YOU ALL WILL BE
01:20:27ABLE TO SEE THAT TOUR ONLINE AT SOME POINT.
01:20:31SOLDIERS AND AIRMEN CEMETERY IS ACTUALLY RUN BY ARLINGTON
01:20:35NATIONAL, AND WE DO HAVE A A
01:20:37CEREMONY THERE DAY AND I'LL BE
01:20:41YOUR MASTER OF CEREMONIES IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE LINCOLN