Original Broadcaster Captioning (Enhanced). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:01NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM'S JENNIFER LEVASSEUR SUNDAY NIGHT
00:00:05AT EIGHT EASTERN ON C SPAN'S Q AND A. YOU CAN LISTEN TO Q&A IN ALL OF
00:00:09OUR PODCASTS ON OUR FREE C-SPAN NOW APP OR WHEREVER YOU GET YOUR
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00:00:17IN A DIVIDED MEDIA WORLD, ONE
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00:00:41C-SPAN VIEWERS WANT THE FACTS
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00:00:48DEMOCRACY, UNFILTERED. EVERY DAY ON THE C-SPAN
00:00:53NETWORK'S. VIDEO. ALL RIGHT.
00:00:55THANK YOU, EVERYONE. THANK YOU FOR COMING. WELCOME TO THE NEW HAMPSHIRE
00:00:59HISTORICAL SOCIETY. I SEE LOTS OF MEMBERS IN OUR GROUP TODAY. THANK YOU ESPECIALLY FOR ALL OF
00:01:03YOUR SUPPORT FOR MAKING PROGRAMS LIKE THIS POSSIBLE. ESPECIALLY FOR COMING INSIDE ON
00:01:07THIS BEAUTIFUL, WARM DAY. YOU'RE GETTING A LITTLE SLUSHY
00:01:11OUT THERE. SPRING IS ON ITS WAY. WE ALL KNOW. LET'S BRING IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
00:01:14MEANS CRAZIER THAN USUAL WEATHER, LOTS OF MUD AND, OF
00:01:18COURSE, MAPLE SUGAR. THE TAPS ON THE TREES AND THE
00:01:21STREAM OF SMOKE FROM A SUGAR HOUSE ARE CLASSIC IMAGES OF LIFE
00:01:25IN NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND. VERMONT MAY TRY TO CLAIM MAPLE SIRUP AS ONE OF ITS STATE
00:01:29SYMBOLS, BUT WE ALL KNOW THE GOOD STUFF IS REALLY FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE.
00:01:32TODAY, WE'RE GOING TO LEARN A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT THIS CENTURIES OLD NEW HAMPSHIRE
00:01:37TRADITION FROM STEPHEN ROBERGE,
00:01:39THE STATE EXTENSION FORESTER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
00:01:42AT UAH. STEVE PROVIDES OUTREACH AND EDUCATION FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE
00:01:46FOREST LANDOWNERS AND NATURAL RESOURCES PROFESSIONALS. AND WE'RE VERY HAPPY TO WELCOME
00:01:50HIM TODAY. JUST A NOTE FOR ALL OF YOU.
00:01:52C-SPAN IS RECORDING TODAY. WHEN WE GET TO THE QUESTION AND
00:01:55ANSWER PORTION OF THE AFTERNOON, THEY'LL BE COMING AROUND WITH
00:01:58THE BOOM MIC TO PICK UP YOUR QUESTIONS. SO DON'T BE ALARMED IF A BLACK
00:02:01OBJECT SUDDENLY APPEARS ABOVE YOUR HEAD.
00:02:03AND WITH THAT WELCOME, STEVEN WRIGHT.
00:02:07THANK YOU, JESSICA. YEAH, HAPPY TO BE HERE. THANK YOU. ALL FOR COMING OUT ON SUCH A
00:02:11GORGEOUS DAY TO LET YOU KNOW THE SAP IS RUNNING.
00:02:15HOW'S THAT SOUND? THIS IS THE PERFECT CONDITIONS THAT WE HAVE OUT HERE. YOU KNOW, THESE THESE COLD
00:02:19NIGHTS, WARM DAYS AND LOTS OF SNOW ON THE GROUND, WHICH IS
00:02:22IDEAL FOR FOR PRODUCTION. BUT WE'LL TALK ABOUT A LITTLE ABOUT THAT LATER.
00:02:26MY GOAL TODAY IS REALLY TO TALK ABOUT KIND OF THE HISTORY OF
00:02:29MAPLE SUGARING, BOTH HERE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE AND KIND OF JUST
00:02:32REGION WIDE AND LOOK AT SOME OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT'S COME ALONG THE WAY.
00:02:36AND IT'S KIND OF UNIQUE. IT'S A PRETTY FASCINATING PROGRESSION.
00:02:38BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY, IT'S REALLY THE SAME THING.
00:02:41IT'S COLLECTING SAP FROM A TREE AND BOILING IT. AND WE JUST TRY TO DO THAT
00:02:46FASTER IN DIFFERENT WAYS. NOWADAYS THAN WE HAVE IN THE PAST.
00:02:49AND SO WITHOUT FURTHER TO DO, I'LL GET STARTED. JUST ROLL THROUGH SOME PICTURES HERE AND JUST GO FROM THERE.
00:02:53AND SO THIS IS THE CLASSIC
00:02:56PICTURE OF SUGARING, RIGHT? AND YOU MAY WHEN YOU IF YOU GO
00:03:00HOME, HAVE A BOTTLE OF MAPLE SIRUP IN YOUR IN YOUR PANTRY OR
00:03:02IN YOUR FRIDGE, THERE'S PROBABLY AN OX ON IT AND SOME BUCKETS AND THINGS LIKE THAT.
00:03:06BUT THE REALITY IS, IS THAT, YOU KNOW, RARELY DO PEOPLE USE
00:03:09BUCKETS NOWADAYS, EITHER WOODEN OR OR OR METAL TO COLLECT SAP.
00:03:13IT'S USUALLY IN TUBING, ESPECIALLY THE BIGGER PRODUCERS
00:03:17REALLY USING ROCKS TO IT, USING VACUUM SYSTEMS TO GET THE SAP
00:03:20OUT THERE INTO INTO TANKS AND BUT REALLY, THIS IS WHEN WE
00:03:24THINK OF MAPLE SUGARING. THIS IS I THINK WHAT WE ALL THINK ABOUT IS A HISTORIC,
00:03:27TRADITIONAL WAY THAT FOLKS HAVE
00:03:29DONE IT FOR YEARS. MAPLE SUGARING IS NOT UNIQUE TO
00:03:33NEW HAMPSHIRE OR VERMONT.
00:03:35IT'S UNIQUE TO REALLY THE EASTERN NORTHEASTERN PART OF THE
00:03:39UNITED STATES AND THE EASTERN PART OF CANADA. BUT NOWADAYS WE'RE SEEING MAPLE
00:03:43SUGARING HAPPENING IN VANCOUVER WITH BIG MAPLE. WE'RE SEEING MAPLE SUGARING
00:03:46HAPPENING IN NEW ZEALAND WITH MAPLE PLANTATIONS BECAUSE NEW SEAL HAS THE SAME CLIMATE AS AS
00:03:51WE DO. AND SO SO IT HAS SPREAD
00:03:55THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. BUT REALLY THE HEART OF SUGARING IS WHERE WE HAVE THIS THESE DARK
00:03:58BLUE COLORS HERE THAT WE HAVE
00:04:02THROUGHOUT THE NORTHEAST. THE RED LINE IS REALLY THE
00:04:05RANGE, THE BIOLOGICAL RANGE OF SUGAR MAPLE THAT WE HAVE THERE.
00:04:08AND SO WE HAVE FOLKS MAKING MAPLE SIRUP IN NORTH CAROLINA
00:04:11ALL THE WAY UP INTO NORTHERN QUEBEC. SO IT'S KIND OF NEAT TO SEE THAT
00:04:15WE CALL IT SUGARING BECAUSE IN THE PAST, THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT WE
00:04:19DID. WE MADE SUGAR AND NUT SIRUP.
00:04:21AND SO THAT'S A PICTURE OF A
00:04:23MAPLE SUGAR BLOCK OR CUBE THAT'S THERE.
00:04:27AND THAT THAT WAS REALLY THE TRADITIONAL WAY.
00:04:30SO THAT COULD BE STORED IN THE PANTRY OR IN THE CABINET.
00:04:33AND THEN THEY WOULD SHAVE SUGAR OUT FOR, YOU KNOW, FOR FOR COOKING AND WHAT HAVE YOU.
00:04:37AND THESE ARE THE TRADITIONAL
00:04:39FORMS ONE WOULD USE TO POUR THE MOLTEN SUGAR INTO TO MAKE THOSE
00:04:45BLOCKS REALLY UNIQUE. THEY HAD DIFFERENT FORMS FOR
00:04:47DIFFERENT OCCASIONS. AND YOU SEE THERE'S SOME HEART
00:04:50SHAPED ONES IN THIS HERE FOR MAYBE VALENTINE'S DAY OR A WEDDING.
00:04:54THERE'S ALSO A COFFIN SHAPED ONE, TOO, FOR CELEBRATING SOMEONE'S DEATH.
00:04:58I GUESS. PRETTY INTERESTING.
00:05:00BUT THE OTHER UNIQUE THING, TOO, IS THAT THAT SUGAR WOULD BE
00:05:03STORED IN BARRELS AND THEY WOULD HAVE THESE THINGS CALLED SUGAR DEVILS.
00:05:07AND YOU USE ALMOST LIKE AUGERS TO CHIP AWAY AT THE SUGAR TO
00:05:09ACTUALLY GET IT OUT THERE. SO THESE ARE PRETTY NEAT
00:05:13INSTRUMENTS OUT THERE I'VE NEVER SEEN IN REAL LIFE. BUT THE MAPLE MUSEUM UP IN
00:05:17BETHLEHEM, NEW HAMPSHIRE, HAS HAS THOSE TWO TO LOOK AT.
00:05:19THEY'RE PRETTY NEAT TOOLS.
00:05:22SO HISTORICALLY, FOR EUROPEAN
00:05:24SETTLERS ON YOU KNOW, THIS IS
00:05:26THIS IS HOW WE WERE DOING IT.
00:05:28YOU KNOW WE'RE OR INITIALLY
00:05:30DOING IT BIG KETTLES OR BIG POTS
00:05:33OVER OPEN FIRE AND BOILING IT
00:05:35DOWN TO THE RIGHT CONSISTENCY FOR MAPLE MAPLE SUGAR AND THEN
00:05:38EVENTUALLY MAPLE SIRUP INDIGENOUS PEOPLE PRIOR TO
00:05:43EUROPEANS SHOWING UP HERE IN NORTH AMERICA WOULD ACTUALLY USE
00:05:46KOSHER CONTAINERS MADE OF WOOD LIKE YOU SEE HERE, LIKE THIS
00:05:48WOODEN VESSEL AND USING DOWELS
00:05:51OR TWIGS WITH A HOLLOW PITH THAT
00:05:53WOULD ACTUALLY BE PUT INTO THE
00:05:56TREE AND COLLECT THAT SAP. THE OVER TIME THAT SAP WOULD BE
00:06:00BOILED DOWN BY USING HOT ROCKS ACTUALLY PUTTING HOT ROCKS FROM A FIRE INTO THE SAP.
00:06:04AND THAT WOULD SLOWLY CONCENTRATE THAT THAT SAP INTO
00:06:06SOMETHING SWEETER MAY NOT HAVE BEEN SIRUP.
00:06:09IT WAS SWEETER IF YOU IMAGINE BEING ON LANDSCAPE, YOU KNOW, IN
00:06:12NEW ENGLAND, HAVING THAT SWEET
00:06:15LIQUID WAS ACTUALLY PROBABLY A REWARD AND SOMETHING VERY SPECIAL.
00:06:21SO YOU THINK ABOUT INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, YOU KNOW, OBSERVING NATURE AND SEEING WHAT'S GOING ON THERE.
00:06:25THIS IS WHY I LIKE TO CALL IT SAP CYCLE. AND SO IF YOU MAY HAVE SEEN THIS
00:06:28BEFORE, IS THAT IF THE IF EVER A
00:06:32SOURCE COMES THROUGH YOUR TOWN AND AND CUTS SOME SUGAR MAPLE
00:06:34BRANCHES OFF THIS TIME OF YEAR, YOU CAN SEE THESE THESE THESE
00:06:38ICICLES HANGING FROM THE TIPS OF THE SUGAR MAPLE BRANCHES. AND THAT'S REALLY THE SAP FLOWING OUT THERE.
00:06:42SO YOU COULD SNAP THAT OFF AND KIND OF SUCK ON IT. MAYBE A LITTLE SWEET FOR YOU,
00:06:46BUT PROBABLY WILL JUST TASTE LIKE WATER.
00:06:50SO LOOKING AT THOSE WOUNDS DURING THE DURING THE THE
00:06:52SPRINGTIME, BUT ALSO SOME OF OUR NATIVE POLLINATORS.
00:06:56SO THIS IS A NOT A BUMBLEBEE OF SORTS, BUT IT IS A NATIVE BEE
00:06:59THAT WE HAVE HERE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. AND THAT BEE IS ACTUALLY FEEDING
00:07:03ON SOME OF THE SAP THAT'S LEAKING OUT OF A TAP HOLE THERE.
00:07:05AND SO SO IMAGINE WHEN THEY
00:07:08FIRST WAKE UP, MAYBE IN APRIL, THERE'S NOT MUCH FOR THEM TO
00:07:10UTILIZE AND THEY'RE ACTUALLY GOING AFTER SAP LEAKING OUT OF TREES BECAUSE THERE IS A THERE'S
00:07:14A NUTRITIONAL VALUE TO THAT.
00:07:16SQUIRRELS TO OUR GREAT SUGARS AS WELL. THEY DON'T BOIL IT DOWN, BUT
00:07:20THEY DO HARVEST SAP WHO WILL NIBBLE ON THE BRANCHES AND
00:07:22ACTUALLY LOOK THAT THAT SWEET REWARD THAT COMES OUT OF IT.
00:07:26SO KIND OF A NEAT THING TO SEE. YOU SEE, IT'S A LITTLE BETTER IF
00:07:29YOU CAN SEE A LITTLE RED TONGUE RIGHT THERE GOING DOWN. YEP.
00:07:32THE HARVESTING SAP ISN'T UNIQUE
00:07:35TO NORTH AMERICA OR TO, YOU
00:07:37KNOW, TERRITORY GEN TREES
00:07:41THROUGHOUT EUROPE HAVE BEEN HARVESTED FOR THAT FOR DIFFERENT REASONS, DIFFERENT MEDICINAL AND
00:07:44TRADITIONAL REASONS. SOUTH KOREANS AS WELL, THEY HAVE
00:07:48MAPLE SPECIES THERE TO A SERVICE. THE GENUS THEY THEY HAVE THE
00:07:53SIMILAR CLIMATE AS WE DO SIMILAR WEATHER PATTERNS WE DO IN THE SPRING.
00:07:55AND SO THEY THEY'RE PROBABLY I
00:07:59WOULD SAY, SMARTER THAN US BECAUSE THEY DON'T GO THROUGH ALL THAT WORK OF BOILING IT DOWN.
00:08:01THEY JUST HAVE THAT SAP AS A AS A SPRING ELIXIR, THAT SENSE.
00:08:04SO THEY SKIP THAT THAT ALL THAT
00:08:06WORK TO BOIL IT DOWN.
00:08:09SO AGAIN, THIS IS THE THE MAPLE
00:08:11REGION THAT WE HAVE HERE IS A MAP FROM THE U.S. FOREST SERVICE.
00:08:15THAT'S WHY CANADA DOES IT DOES NOT EXIST.
00:08:17BUT BUT CERTAINLY CANADA DOES
00:08:19HAVE THE BULK OF OF MAPLE SIRUP.
00:08:21AND BY ACTUALLY QUEBEC PRODUCES
00:08:24OVER 80% OF THE WORLD'S SIRUP IN THERE. SO IF YOU THINK ABOUT SO,
00:08:27VERMONT IS A HUGE PRODUCERS THE BIGGEST PRODUCER UNITED STATES. BUT QUEBEC IS BY FAR THE BIGGEST
00:08:32PRODUCER THAT WE HAVE HERE. SO I COULD PUT IT UP THIS THIS
00:08:36GRAPH FROM MICHAEL FARRELL'S
00:08:38BOOK THAT SHOWS REALLY THE
00:08:42PRODUCTION. YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE SCALES EXCEPT FOR THE BOTTOM
00:08:45ONE IS ACTUALLY TIME STARTING IN
00:08:46THE MID 1800S TO 2020.
00:08:50THE SQUARES ARE UNITED STATES
00:08:52PRODUCTION NUMBERS AND THE CIRCLES ARE CANADA.
00:08:54SO YOU CAN IMAGINE IN THE 1800S
00:08:57THE, YOU KNOW, THE POPULATION OF
00:08:59BOTH THOSE COUNTRIES WERE WERE QUITE DIFFERENT THAN THEY ARE
00:09:03TODAY. AND SO THE UNITED STATES HAD MORE PEOPLE, LET'S SAY TEN MORE FARMS.
00:09:07CANADA WAS HAD PEOPLE WAS MORE
00:09:09OF A MAYBE A LOGGING OR TRAPPING
00:09:12ECONOMY THAT WAS THERE LESS FARMING HAPPENING AT THAT TIME.
00:09:15AND SO BECAUSE THE UNITED STATES
00:09:17WAS BY FAR THE BIGGEST PRODUCER
00:09:20OF MAPLE SIRUP OR MAPLE SUGAR, MAPLE SUGAR IN THE 1800S, BUT
00:09:24THEN WE SEE THIS THIS DECLINE IN
00:09:27BOTH WELL, THIS DECLINE IN THE UNITED STATES. AND YOU SEE THAT CANADA JUST
00:09:31KIND OF CHUGS ALONG HERE.
00:09:32AND SO THAT THE CLEARING THAT STATES KIND OF COINCIDES WITH
00:09:36THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. RIGHT? WE LEAVE THE FARMS AND GO INTO THE FACTORIES.
00:09:40WE GO MAKE WOOL, WE GO MAKE PAPER, WE GO MAKE SHOES, AND
00:09:45THEN AND THEN YOU KNOW, THE FARMS ARE ABANDONED.
00:09:48SO WE SAW THAT IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, ESPECIALLY VERMONT. THAT'S SO MUCH VERMONT HAD STILL
00:09:54HAD A VERY TRADITIONAL FARMING PRACTICE, EVEN DURING THIS TIMEFRAME IN THE EARLY 1900S.
00:09:58AND BECAUSE OF THAT, ALL OF THE FARMS ARE STILL IN PRODUCTION TODAY.
00:10:02HERE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, A LOT OF THOSE FARMS WERE ABANDONED AND THEY GREW BACK UP INTO WOODS.
00:10:05AND WE HAVE OUR WOOD LOTS AND OUR FORESTS ARE OUT THERE.
00:10:08BUT KANSAS, STAY, STAY THE SAME. THEY ACTUALLY INCREASED THEIR
00:10:12FARMING CAPABILITY. IF WE THINK ABOUT LIKE THE FARMING BELT OF CANADA, IT'S
00:10:16REALLY THE US BORDER, RIGHT? WHEN YOU CROSS INTO INTO CANADA,
00:10:18IT JUST ALL FARMS AND IT'S KIND OF A HARD THING TO THINK ABOUT
00:10:22BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE FARMS. AND THE NORTHERN PART OF THE BORDER LIKE LIKE CANADA DOES.
00:10:26BUT, BUT REALLY AT STORIES THAT
00:10:28EVERYTHING JUST HELD, HELD STRONG FOR FOR A VERY LONG TIME.
00:10:31AND WE HAD THIS DECLINE THAT WAS HERE.
00:10:36AND WE ACTUALLY SAW LIKE THE LOSS OF MAPLE PRODUCTION HERE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE IN A LOT OF SUGAR
00:10:39HOUSES JUST BEING ABANDONED AS WELL. SO WHEN THE FARMS WERE ABANDONED, THE SUGAR HOUSES WERE
00:10:42ABANDONED TO AND THEN WE SEE THIS BIG SPIKE, THIS REVOLUTION
00:10:46THAT CAME IN, THE EXPANSION OF
00:10:48CANADIAN PRODUCTION AND ALSO FOLLOWING THAT EXPANSION IS THE
00:10:50EXPANSION OF THE US PRODUCTION. AGAIN, VERY, VERY SMALL COMPARED
00:10:54TO WHAT CANADA DOES TODAY.
00:10:57AND AROUND THIS TIMEFRAME HERE
00:11:00WE ACTUALLY HAVE THE THE CREATION OF THE CANADIAN
00:11:04STRATEGIC RESERVE FOR MAPLE SIRUP. I'M SURE FOLKS HAVE EVER HEARD
00:11:07OF THAT KNOW WE HAVE STRATEGIC RESERVES FOR OIL AND HELIUM AND WHAT HAVE YOU.
00:11:12CANADA HAS ONE OF THEIR STRATEGIC RESERVES, OR QUEBEC, I
00:11:14SHOULD SAY, IS, IS MAPLE SIRUP.
00:11:17AND WITH THAT STRATEGIC RESERVE,
00:11:19JUST LIKE WITH OIL, WE CAN KIND
00:11:21OF RELEASE AND HOLD BACK PRODUCTION OR HOLD BACK MAPLE
00:11:25SIRUP TO REALLY STABILIZE THE PRICE.
00:11:27AND THAT STABILIZATION OF THE PRICE OF MAPLE SIRUP ALLOWED
00:11:31INVESTORS TO BE SURE THAT THEY CAN GET THEIR PROFIT BACK.
00:11:33A CERTAIN TIMELINE BECAUSE THEY
00:11:37KNOW WHAT THE SIRUP IS GOING TO COST TEN YEARS DOWN THE ROAD WOULD BE, YOU KNOW, SOME SORT OF
00:11:40SOMEWHAT OF A OF A BENCHMARK THAT THEY CAN RELY ON.
00:11:44SO THAT EXPANSION IS DEFINITELY
00:11:48PART OF THAT AS PART OF THAT CREATION OF THE STRATEGIC
00:11:52RESERVE PLUS, YOU KNOW, GLOBAL DEMAND AND A BUNCH OF OTHER THINGS LIKE THAT.
00:11:55BUT THAT STRATEGIC DIGIT RESERVE REALLY ALLOWED FOR A LOT OF
00:11:59INVESTMENT IN THE MAPLE INDUSTRY.
00:12:00BUT PRIOR TO THAT, THIS WAS THE
00:12:04OLD KIND OF THE OLD SUGAR HOUSE.
00:12:07THIS IS ACTUALLY A SUGARING CAMP IN IN WASHINGTON.
00:12:10I'M SORRY, WINDSOR, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
00:12:14AND THIS WAS A FAMILY THAT LIVED IN ANTRIM.
00:12:17THEY WOULD LEAVE ANTRIM AND COME UP TO THE SHERMAN CAMP FOR A COUPLE OF MONTHS AND MAKE AND
00:12:20THE ONLY THING THEY WERE DOING WAS MAKING SUGAR.
00:12:22THEY HAD THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY AND IN THE INTERIM HAS THESE
00:12:26GREAT DIARIES OF OTHERS OF THE PERKINS FAMILY AND THEY WOULD
00:12:29ACTUALLY TALK ABOUT FEELING GUILTY FOR SKIPPING CHURCH TO GO
00:12:33SUGAR BECAUSE THE CASE I HAVE A FEELING THEY WEREN'T SO GUILTY.
00:12:37BUT BUT THIS WAS THIS WAS THE PERKINS FAMILY. THEY HAD THEIR THEIR THEIR TEAM
00:12:40OF HORSES AND OXEN. YOU CAN SEE THEY'RE ACTUALLY BOILING AS WE HAVE HERE.
00:12:44THIS IS THE THE ESSENTIALLY THE
00:12:46WOODSHED THAT YOU HAVE IN THE EVAPORATOR.
00:12:50THAT WOULD BE A BOILING. ALL THAT SIRUP IS RIGHT IN THERE. AND I HAVE SOME OTHER PICTURES
00:12:54OF THAT SUGAR HOUSE TODAY. ACTUALLY, IT STILL STANDS TODAY.
00:12:58SUGARING WAS A BIG PART OF NEW ENGLAND CULTURE AND IT STILL IS.
00:13:02BUT YOU IMAGINE BEING COOPED UP ALL WINTER AND THEN ALL OF A
00:13:04SUDDEN IT'S IT'S WARM OUT AND THERE'S SOMETHING TO DO.
00:13:07THERE'S SOMETHING TO GATHER AROUND AND TO CELEBRATE. I IMAGINE THIS IS A CHANCE TO
00:13:12SEE WHO MADE IT THROUGH THE WINTER AS WELL, RIGHT? LIKE IT WAS WHO SHOWED UP. RIGHT.
00:13:16AND SO THESE SUGAR CAMPS ARE VERY POPULAR.
00:13:19AND IT WAS ALL HANDS ON DECK
00:13:21BECAUSE THERE'S ONLY A TIME PERIOD WHERE MAPLE SIRUP CAN BE
00:13:24MADE AND THESE WERE IMPORTANT
00:13:26PARTS OF FARM ECONOMY MIX TO MAPLE.
00:13:28SUGARING WAS IN SOME CASES THE MOST PROFITABLE PRODUCT A FARMER
00:13:32COULD MAKE. IN THE LATE 1800S OR EARLY 1900S.
00:13:36AND SO QUITE OFTEN FARMERS WOULD HIRE HANDS TO COME AND HELP WITH
00:13:39SUGARING SO THAT THEY COULD ACTUALLY CAPTURE ALL THAT CROP
00:13:43AND PROCESS THE SAP. SO THEY COULD ACTUALLY HAVE THAT
00:13:46CUSHION AS THEY MOVE FORWARD INTO THE GROWING SEASON.
00:13:50BUT WITH THAT ABANDONMENT OF OF
00:13:52THIS LIFESTYLE, THE INDUSTRIAL
00:13:54REVOLUTION AND WORLD WAR TWO,
00:13:56ALL THESE THINGS, THESE SUGARING PARTIES TOOK ON A DIFFERENT A
00:14:00DIFFERENT FLAVOR WHERE YOU ACTUALLY HAVE A CITY FOLK COME INTO FARMS TO SAMPLE THESE
00:14:04THINGS, RIGHT? AND SO YOU HAVE SUGAR ON SNOW. THAT'S WHAT WE'RE SEEING HERE IS
00:14:07THIS THIS CONTAINER SHOW SNOW.
00:14:10AND THEN YOU HAVE THE HOT SIRUP OR THE TAFFY BEING POURED ON THAT AND TRYING IT OUT.
00:14:16DONUTS, PICKLES TO CLEANSE YOUR YOU KNOW, YOUR MOUTH. THEY'RE VERY TRADITIONAL KIND OF
00:14:19SUGARING PARTY THAT YOU HAVE THERE.
00:14:23AND WE SEE THAT THE THAT THE
00:14:25MARKETING TO CITY FOLK COMING IN
00:14:29DIFFERENT PACKAGES THAT WE SEE HERE THIS IS ACTUALLY FROM THE
00:14:31NEW HAMPSHIRE MAPLE MUSEUM AND IT'S KIND OF IT'S MOUNT
00:14:35WASHINGTON BRAND MAPLE SAP SIRUP BY THE BAY STATE.
00:14:39MAPLE SIRUP COMPANY, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. RIGHT. YEAH.
00:14:42SO IT'S A LITTLE BIT I'M NOT SURE HOW I FEEL ABOUT THAT, BUT BUT YOU CAN SEE THAT THEY HAD
00:14:46THAT THAT MARKETING IS REALLY THAT IS SOMETHING THAT WAS DEFINITELY TAILORED TOWARDS THE
00:14:52CITY. THE CITY MARKETS THERE.
00:14:54THE NEAT THING ABOUT OUR OUR
00:14:56FORCE THOUGH, IS THAT WE DO HAVE THIS LEGACY OF TREES, THESE BIG
00:15:00TREES, THAT KIND OF HARKEN BACK TO THE PAST OF WHAT OUR LANDSCAPE ACTUALLY LOOKED LIKE.
00:15:04SO WHEN WE GO THROUGH A WALK IN THE WOODS, WE'LL FIND THESE
00:15:07LEGACY WHAT WE CALL THESE LEGACY TREES. THIS IS A GIANT WHITE OAK.
00:15:10THIS IS A GIANT HEMLOCK.
00:15:12THESE TREES WERE THERE PRIOR TO
00:15:14THE FORCE THAT SURROUNDS THEM. SO THESE ARE TREES THAT WERE SHADE TREES FOR PASTURES OR JUST
00:15:19LEFT BEHIND ON FENCE ROWS AND THINGS LIKE THAT. WE SEE THE SAME THING IN THE
00:15:22WOODS, TOO, WITH SUGAR, MAPLE.
00:15:24SO THIS IS ACTUALLY MY MY SUGAR BUSH WHERE I TAP MY MY TREES.
00:15:27THERE'S THIS BIG, BIG OLD SUGAR MAPLE. YOU CAN SEE THIS IS FROM BACK
00:15:30HERE WITH MUCH SMALLER MAPLES ARE HERE. THIS IS ABOUT THREE FEET IN
00:15:34DIAMETER. THE OTHER TREES ARE PROBABLY,
00:15:36YOU KNOW, 18IN PLUS OR MINUS IN SIZE.
00:15:39AND SO THIS TREE HAS BEEN ON THE LANDSCAPE A LOT LONGER THAN THE OTHER TREES HAVE.
00:15:43AND WE SEE THAT QUITE OFTEN WE WILL GO THROUGH THE WOODS AND
00:15:46SAY, OH, THERE ONCE WAS A SUGAR BASHEER. THERE ONCE WAS A LOT OF SUGAR.
00:15:49MAPLE HERE BECAUSE WE SEE THESE OLD THESE OLD RELICS, OLD
00:15:53LEGACIES ON THE LANDSCAPE. THE OTHER THING THAT WE SEE HERE, TOO, ACROSS ACROSS NEW
00:15:56HAMPSHIRE'S WOODS, TWO OF THESE OLD ABANDONED EVAPORATORS HERE.
00:16:00SO THIS IS THE THIS IS WHAT WE CALL THE ARCH.
00:16:02THIS IS WHERE THE FIRE WOULD BE. THIS IS ALL STONE STACKED. STONE.
00:16:06AND YOU ACTUALLY SEE THE OLD EVAPORATOR PAN, ALL THE CRUMBLED
00:16:10IN THERE. SO THIS IS AT THE BOTTOM OF A HILL.
00:16:12SO YOU CAN IMAGINE ALL THAT SAP COMING DOWN THE HILL, BUT
00:16:16THERE'S NOT A SUGAR MAPLE TO BE FOUND HERE.
00:16:20SO IT'S JUST A TOTALLY DIFFERENT FOREST TYPE. IT'S THERE. SO QUITE OFTEN WHEN THESE FARMS WERE ABANDONED, SUGAR MAPLES
00:16:24WERE HARVESTED OFF OF THE PROPERTY AS WELL. THEY WERE JUST ESSENTIALLY LIQUIDATED.
00:16:28AND THEN, YOU KNOW, THE FOREST GREW UP AFTER THAT.
00:16:30SO SO THAT'S THESE OLD SUGAR
00:16:32MAPLES, THESE THESE OLD ARCHES
00:16:34KIND OF IN THE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE. IT'S KIND OF IT'S KIND OF FUN TO STUMBLE UPON.
00:16:38THE OTHER THING, TOO, THAT WE FIND IS THAT THESE TREES, DON'T FORGET THAT THEY WERE TAPPED.
00:16:42RIGHT? SO YOU CAN LOOK AT A TREE WITH NO EVIDENCE OF TAP HOLES, BUT
00:16:44WHEN YOU CUT IT OPEN OR RAN THROUGH THE SNOW, THESE THIS IS
00:16:48WHAT WE'RE SEEING. THIS IS THESE ARE ACTUALLY OLD TADPOLES.
00:16:51AND THEN THIS IS THE THE IMPACT
00:16:53OF THE WOOD THAT YOU SEE FROM TAPPING IT.
00:16:56SO THIS THERE MAY BE A TAP BELOW
00:16:58THIS THIS STAIN HERE OR ABOVE IT. BUT THIS IS THAT'S A CROSS
00:17:02SECTION OF A SUGAR MAPLE LOG. WHEN WE LOOK AT THE BOARDS, THIS
00:17:05IS THIS IS WHAT THAT LOOKS LIKE. SO THIS IS THE TAP ALL IN HERE,
00:17:09DISCOLORED WOOD THAT COMES UP AND DOWN FROM IT.
00:17:11THIS IS THE SIDE PROFILE HERE. THIS IS NEWER WOOD.
00:17:15THIS IS OLDER WOOD HERE. SO YOU CAN SEE THAT THE THE TREE
00:17:18WAS TAPPED AND THEN THE TREE HEALED OVER THAT TAP WOUND.
00:17:21AND ESSENTIALLY, IN CLOSING AND IN THERE SO THE TAP HOLE NEVER GOES AWAY.
00:17:25THERE'S STILL THAT HOLE THAT'S IN THE TREE, BUT THE WOOD JUST COVERS IT UP AND THE TREE KEEPS
00:17:29GROWING. IT'S KIND OF NEAT TO SEE. SO THERE ARE PROBABLY SUGAR MAPLES OUT, YOU KNOW, THROUGHOUT
00:17:33THE OUR FOREST THAT HAVE THIS EVIDENCE HERE. WE JUST WON'T KNOW UNTIL IF
00:17:36THEY'RE CUT OPEN OR IF THEY, YOU
00:17:38KNOW, THINGS LIKE THAT. SO I'LL KIND OF GET INTO THE
00:17:43PROCESS OF WHERE WE THEN, YOU KNOW, FOR, FOR SUGARING AND KIND
00:17:47OF LOOKING AT THE DIFFERENT STEPS OF SUGARING. AND THE TECHNOLOGY HAS COME
00:17:52ALONG. WE SHOW YOU SOME TADPOLES. THIS IS HOW IT'S DONE.
00:17:54THE OLD BRACING BIT, I'M NOT SURE. HAS ANYONE EVER DONE WITH THAT THING?
00:17:58YEAH, IT'S NOT FUN TO DO IT, RIGHT? YEAH. I LOVE THE GRIMACE ON THIS KID'S
00:18:02FACE BECAUSE IT SHOWS HOW HARD OF A WORK IT IS, RIGHT? NOWADAYS WE USE POWER DRILLS,
00:18:06RIGHT FOR THAT. BUT, YOU KNOW, IN THE 50S, THEY
00:18:08ACTUALLY HAD THESE BATTERIES. THIS WAS THIS WAS THE PORTABLE DRILL AT THE TIME. RIGHT.
00:18:12SO YOU HAD A CAR BATTERY ON A BACKPACK AND THEN YOU HAVE YOUR
00:18:14YOU HAVE YOUR ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH THE DRILL BIT. THERE.
00:18:18I WOULDN'T WANT TO BE DOING
00:18:22THAT. THIS IS AN OVERZEALOUS TAPPER HERE. BUT WE ACTUALLY HAVE A A GAS
00:18:27POWERED TAPPER THAT'S THERE TO
00:18:29AND SO IT JUST DOESN'T LOOK FUN TO DO.
00:18:32BUT NOWADAYS, THIS IS WHAT WE SEE HERE. THIS IS KIND OF THE TRADITIONAL
00:18:35TAPPING CREW, MUCH HAPPIER THAT THEY HAVE CORDLESS DRILLS.
00:18:38AND THAT'S REALLY WHAT HAS MADE A BIG DIFFERENCE IS USING THOSE
00:18:42DRILLS LIKE THAT JUST FOR A
00:18:46BREAK, I INSTALLED MY YEAH, THIS IS THE FUTURE TAP. THIS IS MY SON.
00:18:49THIS IS THE OBLIGATORY PHOTO A MAKER MUST DO OF ANY CHILD,
00:18:52WHETHER OR NOT THEY WANT TO DO IT. BUT THAT'S THE FUTURE.
00:18:55TAPPER THERE. SO, YOU KNOW, TAPPING IS PRETTY
00:18:59STRAIGHTFORWARD, BUT, YOU KNOW, JUST THINK ABOUT LIKE YOU HAVE
00:19:0250 YEARS AGO, WE DIDN'T HAVE THE POWER DRILLS THAT WE ONCE HAD. AND SO THAT'S THAT'S THAT'S THE
00:19:06WHOLE POINT THERE. I'M TALKING, JESSICA, EARLIER
00:19:09ABOUT ABOUT TUBING AND TUBING IS BY FAR THE MOST COMMON APPROACH
00:19:14OF GATHERING SAP IN THE WOODS. THAT'S THAT BLUE LINE THAT YOU
00:19:16SEE HANG OUT THERE ARE GREEN, SOMETIMES GREEN AND THAT'S A
00:19:20FAIRLY NEW, YOU KNOW, NEW TECHNOLOGY, MAYBE THE 60S.
00:19:23THAT'S WHEN THAT SLOW STARTED TO BE DEVELOPED. BUT IN THE 20S, THEY ACTUALLY
00:19:26USE GALVANIZED PIPE.
00:19:28SO YOU CAN SEE THAT THIS PIPE RUNNING THROUGH THE WOODS THERE
00:19:31AND THEY HAD THESE FUNKY LITTLE TAPS THAT WERE ALSO METAL THAT
00:19:35TIED INTO THOSE PIPES. AND SO YOU CAN IMAGINE IF THERE'S A BIG WINDSTORM, TREES
00:19:39MOVE, RIGHT? AND SO THIS STUFF WOULD BUCKLE, WOULD FALL DOWN.
00:19:43IT WAS JUST A HEADACHE. AND SO YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT THAT
00:19:45WASN'T USED VERY LONG. BUT THE IDEA WAS THE SAME. WAS THERE, THOUGH.
00:19:49IT'S LIKE, HOW DO I GET SAP OUT MORE EFFICIENTLY RATHER THAN CARRYING BUCKETS AROUND BECAUSE
00:19:53BUCKETS IN THE SNOW, HAVING A
00:19:55SAP YOKE, YOU KNOW, IT'S NOT VERY NOT VERY FUN TO DO.
00:19:59OR YOU'RE ON SNOWSHOES.
00:20:01IT'S JUST NOT A GOOD PROCESS OR NOT EASY PROCESS.
00:20:04SO YOU KNOW, IN THE 50S AND 60S,
00:20:06THEY ACTUALLY SAID, OKAY, LET'S USE LET'S GO HOSE THAT, YOU
00:20:10KNOW, WATER HOSE. SO THIS WAS HOSE THAT WAS
00:20:14SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE SUGAR BUSH ON THE GROUND.
00:20:16AND THESE BUCKETS ACTUALLY HAD A
00:20:18NOZZLE AND THESE WERE COLLECTION BUCKETS. SO YOU WOULD ACTUALLY HAVE
00:20:21BUCKETS HANGING ON THE TREES. AND THOSE COLLECTION BUCKETS WERE STAGED THROUGHOUT THE WOODS.
00:20:25AND YOU COME IN POOR MEN, AND THEN THE SAP FLOWS DOWNHILL INTO A BIGGER TANK.
00:20:30SO IT'S KIND OF NEAT TO THINK ABOUT AND THEN WE START GOING TO
00:20:33THE 60S, 70S, 80S, AND THEN WE HAVE PLASTIC, THE DEVELOPMENT OF
00:20:37PLASTIC TUBING. AGAIN, THAT TUBING IS ON THE GROUND STILL, AND SOMETIMES THAT
00:20:40TUBING WILL BE ROLLED UP EVERY YEAR AND BROUGHT IN, WASHED AND
00:20:44THEN ROLLED BACK OUT AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SEASON THE
00:20:47FOLLOWING YEAR AND TO DO ITS JOB AGAIN.
00:20:50BUT THIS IS REALLY WHAT WE SEE KIND OF THE MODERN SUGAR BUSH
00:20:53TODAY, THE SUGAR, THE AREA IS
00:20:56THESE WHAT WE CALL BIG MAIN LINES. THESE CAN BE THREE QUARTERS OF
00:21:00AN INCH IN DIAMETER, UP TO THREE INCHES IN DIAMETER. SO BIG ONES. AND THEN YOU HAVE ALL THESE
00:21:04OTHER LINES, THESE LATERAL LINES COMING IN AND BRINGING THE SAP
00:21:09IN THOSE LINES CAN BE UNDER A VACUUM OR NOT. AND SO BUT THAT'S THAT'S WHAT WE
00:21:13SEE TODAY. IT'S ABOVE IT'S ABOVE THE GROUND. IT'S HANGING ON HIGH TENSILE
00:21:17WIRE. IT STAYS UP FOR FIVE, SEVEN, TEN
00:21:19YEARS AND THEN IT GETS REPLACED. THIS IS A MASS OF SUGAR BUSH
00:21:23THAT WE HAVE UP UP ON RANDOLPH. THE LINES ABOVE US ARE AGAIN,
00:21:26THOSE ARE JUST TWO INCH DIAMETER LINES. AND EACH OF THOSE ARE CARRYING
00:21:31SAP IN THERE, TOO. SO WHEN THAT IS FLOWING, IT'S QUITE A PROCESS.
00:21:34BUT THAT'S WHAT WE SEE HERE.
00:21:37AND THEN WITH THE SUGAR BUSH,
00:21:40TOO, YOU CAN IMAGINE IF YOU HAVE
00:21:4340,000, 50,000, 90,000 TAPS ON A
00:21:46LANDSCAPE HERE, IT'S VERY HARD TO KEEP TRACK OF WHAT'S GOING ON.
00:21:49SO NOW WE HAVE THESE MODERN
00:21:51SYSTEMS EITHER THROUGH CAMERA OR SENSORS, IN THIS CASE, SENSORS
00:21:55OF OF SAP FLOW AND WHETHER OR NOT THE VACUUM SYSTEM IS ACTUALLY WORKING.
00:21:59SO IN THIS SUGAR BUSH, YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE ARE GREEN DOTS, YELLOW DOTS AND RED DOTS.
00:22:03THE GREEN DOTS MEAN EVERYTHING'S OKAY. YELLOW IS A PROBLEM. RED, NOTHING.
00:22:07NOTHING'S HAPPENING IN THERE. NOTHING'S GOING ON. THIS IS EARLY IN THE MORNING.
00:22:09AND SO THOSE LINES, THOSE RED DOTS ARE JUST FROZEN LINES.
00:22:13THE SAP HASN'T THAWED OUT YET WITH THAT. BUT THIS WAY, THIS AND THIS IS THIS PICTURE.
00:22:17THE SCREEN IS ACTUALLY IN THE SUGAR MAKERS SUGAR HOUSE. SO THEY CAN BE IN THEIR HOUSE,
00:22:21THEIR OFFICE, WHEREVER REMOTELY
00:22:23AND ACTUALLY VIEW WHAT'S GOING ON THE SUGAR BUSH. AND SO IF THERE'S A PROBLEM
00:22:27SOMEPLACE, THEY CAN SEND THEIR CREW OUT TO LINE NUMBER 174 AND
00:22:30GO FIX THAT FIX THE PROBLEM.
00:22:33SO IT'S PRETTY, PRETTY AMAZING, RIGHT? THIS IS ALL TO OPTIMIZE SAP PRODUCTION.
00:22:36THAT'S OUT THERE.
00:22:40SO THE BUCKETS THEMSELVES, THIS
00:22:43IS FROM MY CHILDHOOD TOWN UP IN BERLIN.
00:22:47THE B CELLS HERE COLLECTING SAP. THESE ARE SET BAGS ARE GOING
00:22:49INTO THE INTO THE CONTAINERS. I THINK THIS IS A STAGED PHOTO
00:22:52BASED ON THE ON THE ON THE ATTIRE. BUT, YOU KNOW, HERE WE ARE.
00:22:56BUT YOU CAN SEE THESE THESE PLASTIC BAGS HANGING HERE CALLED SAP BAGS.
00:23:00THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF CARING
00:23:02SAP THAT YOU HAVE YOUR SAP YOKE HERE WITH THE WITH THE
00:23:06COLLECTION BUCKETS. AND THEN YOU HAVE YOUR YOUR GALVANIZED BUCKETS HANGING ON
00:23:10EACH TREE THROUGHOUT THE SUGAR BUSH DEEP SNOW.
00:23:12AGAIN, YOU'D BE ON SNOWSHOES OFTEN. YOU COULD TRIP IN.
00:23:16YOU KNOW, LOSE ALL YOUR SAP IF
00:23:18YOU GO BASKINS OUT IN ACWORTH,
00:23:20NEW HAMPSHIRE, THIS IS KEN BASCOM IN THE SIXTY'S DRAGGING
00:23:24BUCKETS OUT ACROSS HIS HAYFIELD TO TO GO GO TAP.
00:23:28SO THIS IS WHAT LIKE TODAY WOULD
00:23:30LOOK LIKE RIGHT IF WE'RE OUT IF WE HAD THE DRAGGER BUCKETS
00:23:33ACROSS A FIELD TODAY, THAT'S WHAT THE SCENE WE SEE HERE.
00:23:37THIS IS LITTLE BRUCE BASCOM RIGHT HERE. IF YOU KNOW BRUCE.
00:23:40STILL KICKING AROUND TODAY. HE'S PROBABLY OUR BIGGEST
00:23:44PRODUCER OF MAPLE SUGAR AND
00:23:45MAPLE SIRUP IN THE STATE.
00:23:49I LOVE THESE OLD JITTERBUG SAYING HERE, COLLEAGUES, ARE
00:23:52THESE ALL THE MODEL, THESE OLD FORD TRUCKS WITH THE THE
00:23:55CARRYING CAPACITY HERE OF CARRYING THE SAP AROUND, CARRYING SUGAR WASH.
00:23:59SOME PEOPLE USE BULLDOZER SAWS
00:24:02TO REPLACE THE OX TO CARRY THEIR THEIR SAT THROUGH THE WOODS.
00:24:05BUT REALLY THIS IS THE MACHINE OR THIS IS THE APPARATUS THAT MOVES SAP THROUGH THE FORCE.
00:24:08NOW, THIS IS THIS IS PART OF A VACUUM SYSTEM. THIS IS A RELEASE FOR HERE.
00:24:12AND SO SAP IS FLOWING THROUGH
00:24:15THESE PIPES INTO THIS CHAMBER,
00:24:17THIS CHAMBER AND UP IS ACTUALLY
00:24:21ALL UNDER VACUUM. SO THERE'S LOWER ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN THAT SYSTEM THAN
00:24:24THERE IS OUTSIDE. AND WHAT HAPPENS IS THAT THE SAP
00:24:28COMES IN, THESE WILL CLOSE OFF AND THEN THIS WILL OPEN UP IN
00:24:31THE SAP WILL DROP OUT INTO INTO A TANK OR THAT.
00:24:34AND BY HAVING THAT PROCESS, IT ALLOWS FOR THE VACUUM SYSTEM TO
00:24:38REMAIN CLOSED WHILE AT THE SAME TIME GETTING SAP OUT THAT VACUUM SYSTEM.
00:24:42HERE'S A PICTURE OF THOSE RELEASES THAT'S THAT'S WHERE WE'RE LOOKING JUST EARLIER.
00:24:46THESE ARE THE TANKS. AND YOU SEE THE SAP COMING OUT
00:24:48RIGHT HERE INTO THIS BIG, BIG TANK HERE.
00:24:52AND SO VACUUM SYSTEMS ON THIS
00:24:54BIG PRODUCERS IS, OH, IF YOU'RE A BIG PRODUCER, YOU HAVE TO USE
00:24:58VACUUM JUST FOR THE ECONOMICS.
00:25:01AND AND SO THAT'S WHERE WE SEE
00:25:03VACUUM WIDELY ADOPTED BY EVEN SMALLER PRODUCERS PEOPLE WITH A
00:25:06COUPLE HUNDRED TAPS OR EVEN SMALLER ARE USING VACUUM SYSTEMS
00:25:09JUST TO BE MORE EFFICIENT IN THEIR SAP EXTRACTION.
00:25:13THIS IS JUST A REALLY FANCY SAP MOVER, RIGHT?
00:25:16IT'S A BMW, A TRAILER.
00:25:19BUT WE GO THE IDEA IS LIKE A LOT OF SAP HAS MOVED OUT OF THE
00:25:21WOODS TO THE SUGARHOUSE HERE. AND AGAIN, I JUST GO THROUGH
00:25:25THESE THE SUGAR HOUSES TOO.
00:25:27SO THAT WE HAVE AGAIN, WE SAW THIS ONE EARLIER, THE PERKINS
00:25:31SUGAR HOUSE. THAT'S THAT SAME SUGAR HOUSE
00:25:34WITH THE WOODSHED MISSING THERE. THAT'S THE SUGAR HOUSE TODAY.
00:25:38IT'S KIND OF NEAT. STILL STANDING. IT'S PRETTY AMAZING. IT'S OVER A HUNDRED YEARS OLD.
00:25:41THAT SUGAR HOUSE WAS LAST USED
00:25:43IN 1955 WHEN THEY WHEN THEY CLOSED THE DOORS IN 1955.
00:25:47THEY THOUGHT THEIR COME BACK IN 56. AND THEY NEVER DID. THEY NEVER.
00:25:51AND SO EVERYTHING IT'S LIKE A TIME CAPSULE IN THERE. SO EVERYTHING'S STILL IN THERE.
00:25:55IT'S PRETTY AMAZING. NOW I WANT IT'S AN WINDSOR
00:25:58THAT'S ABOUT AS CLOSE. I'LL TELL YOU TOO, EXACTLY WHERE IT IS. SURE.
00:26:02THE HOUSES THERE ARE AMAZING. THEY COME IN ALL SHAPES AND SIZES.
00:26:05THIS IS IN THE IN ALL, SAID NEW HAMPSHIRE. THIS IS PETER RHODES.
00:26:08THIS IS ACTUALLY BUILT INTO THE HILL. SO YOU CAN SEE THE HILL THAT'S IN THERE.
00:26:12SO THE EARTHEN WALL, THIS WAS
00:26:14THE TOWN'S GAZEBO BEFORE HIS FAMILY MOVED IT IN THE LATE 1870S.
00:26:18SO THERE'S BEEN GENERATIONS OUT OF THIS SUGAR HOUSE THAT'S BEEN THERE.
00:26:22THIS IS A SUGAR HOUSE UP IN THE HILLS, A KEEN.
00:26:25I JUST THINK IT'S A REALLY GOOD LOOKING SUGAR HOUSE, RIGHT? IT'S JUST KIND OF NEAT TO SEE
00:26:29NICE CEDAR SHAKES. WELL, WELL MADE.
00:26:32THIS IS AN OLD SCHOOLHOUSE THAT
00:26:33WAS TURNED INTO A INTO A SUGAR INTO A SUGAR HOUSE.
00:26:38THIS IS THE CITY OF KEENE. YOU KNOW, IT'S IN THE CITY BECAUSE IT HAS GRAFFITI ON IT.
00:26:43IT'S GOT THESE OLD OF IN BERLIN,
00:26:47THE B CELLS, THE SUGARHOUSE, THE COUPLE. I SHOWED YOU THE PICTURES THIS
00:26:51IS THIS IS MR. B, SO HERE A MUCH LATER TIME, MAYBE 50 YEARS LATER.
00:26:55BUT THAT THAT'S YOUR HOUSE STILL STANDING. CAN'T SEE.
00:26:58BUT SO THE DIVERSITY OF SUGAR HOUSES IS AMAZING HERE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE AND ACTUALLY ACROSS
00:27:03THE, YOU KNOW, ACROSS THE SUGARING WORLD IS REALLY NEAT TO SEE.
00:27:06SO THIS IS THIS IS WHAT WE WOULD
00:27:09SEE IN KIND OF A LARGER PRODUCTION, YOU KNOW, MAYBE A
00:27:13HUNDRED YEARS AGO.
00:27:14THIS IS THIS WHOLE APPARATUS WE
00:27:17WOULD CALL THE EVAPORATOR. THIS TOP PIECE WOULD BE THE PAN.
00:27:21THE PAN IS WHAT THE SAP IS ACTUALLY IN AND BOILING.
00:27:23AND THEN THIS THIS BRICK PIECE
00:27:27HERE IS WHAT WE CALL THE THE ARCH. AND SO THE ARCH IS WHERE THE
00:27:30FIRE IS. AND SO EVEN WITH A TRADITIONAL EVAPORATOR TODAY THAT YOU GO
00:27:33INTO, WE HAVE WE HAVE AN ARCH WITH THE PANS ON TOP.
00:27:37THIS IS ALL WOOD FIRED AND THEN THE BE A CHIMNEY IN THE BACK
00:27:40HERE THAT WOULD CARRY THE SMOKE OUT AND THEN THE STEAM WOULD
00:27:42COME OUT OF THE CUPOLA THAT YOU HAVE ON TOP OF THE SUGARHOUSE THAT'S THERE.
00:27:46SO THAT'S THE TRADITIONAL TYPE SET UP. THIS IS ONE LONG PAN HERE.
00:27:50YOU CAN SEE THERE'S A HANDLE, THERE'S A HANDLE ON EACH CORNER
00:27:53SO THAT TWO PEOPLE CAN PICK IT UP AT THE END OF THE DAY. AND MOVE IT TYPE OF THING.
00:27:56THIS IS THAT PERKIN SUGAR HOUSE.
00:27:59NOW, I MENTIONED THAT OLD HOUSE HERE. THIS IS THE THE ARCH.
00:28:03IT'S THERE. IT'S, IT'S, IT'S BEEN A LONG TIME.
00:28:06IT'S BEEN USED. YOU SEE THE CHIMNEY GOING UP AND THIS IS THE FLAT PAN THAT'S
00:28:10RIGHT THERE THAT AT THE END OF THE YEAR THEY JUST TURNED IT OVER AND JUST PUT IT THERE.
00:28:13THERE'S A HANDLES ON EACH ONE. THIS IS PROBABLY MAYBE 4 OR 5FT
00:28:17WIDE, 14FT LONG. SO A VERY BIG PIECE OF METAL LIKE THAT.
00:28:21AGAIN, THAT'S THE HOUSE THAT
00:28:22CAME FROM THE THE EVAPORATOR IS
00:28:26HAVE OF EVOLVED OVER TIME. THEY ACTUALLY ADD THINGS THAT WE
00:28:30CALL STEAM AWAY. SO THIS THIS WILL ACTUALLY SUCK
00:28:32THE STEAM OUT FASTER AND JUST
00:28:36REALLY CLEAR UP THE SUGAR HOUSE SO YOU WOULDN'T DEALING WITH A BUNCH OF STEAM IN YOUR EYES IN
00:28:40THE SUGAR HOUSE. THE COOL THING IS, IS
00:28:44EVAPORATORS WERE SO POPULAR BECAUSE FARMS, EVERYONE EVAPORATING.
00:28:47IF YOU HAD A FARM IS THAT
00:28:50THEY'RE EVAPORATORS WERE MADE HERE IN CONCORD THAT ARE MADE IN
00:28:53THE LITTLE TOWN. IF YOU KNOW MALO MOREL IS A VERY SMALL TOWN, IT'S PRETTY NEAT TO
00:28:56SEE THE GRAND STATE EVAPORATOR COMPANY MARLOW, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
00:28:59SO IT'S LIKE THERE ARE SO MANY LITTLE EVAPORATOR COMPANIES, FOUNDRIES THAT WOULD MAKE THESE
00:29:03THESE, THESE EVAPORATES FOR FARMERS.
00:29:06THE TRADITIONAL THIS IS IF YOU WALK INTO A SMALL SUGAR HOUSE
00:29:09TODAY THIS IS WHAT YOU TO SEE
00:29:11AGAIN THE METAL THAT YOU SEE
00:29:14HERE ALL PAN OUT OF THE PANS WITH ALL THE BOILING HAPPENS. AND THEN AGAIN YOU HAVE THAT
00:29:17WOOD FIRED ARCH UNDERNEATH THIS
00:29:19LITTLE FANCIER ONE THAT YOU HAVE
00:29:23THERE. THIS IS OIL. NO, I'M SORRY. THIS IS A PELLET FIRED ONE.
00:29:26THIS IS A PELLET SILO OUTSIDE. I NEED TO SEE.
00:29:29SO WOOD PELLET BEING A BIG BIRD.
00:29:31BUT TODAY, PEOPLE USE OIL, WOOD PELLETS, WOOD, BUNCH OF
00:29:35DIFFERENT THINGS LIKE THAT. SO. SO IT'S COME A LONG WAY FROM
00:29:38JUST A FLAT PAN OVER A FIRE. RIGHT. IT'S PRETTY AMAZING TO SEE.
00:29:44SO THE SEASON FOR FOR MAPLE, YOU KNOW, WE'RE IN RIGHT NOW.
00:29:47WE'RE IN THE THICK OF IT. IT'S IN SOME CASES A LITTLE LATE THIS YEAR BECAUSE WE'VE HAD LIKE
00:29:51A A GOOD SOLID NEW HAMPSHIRE WINTER. RIGHT.
00:29:55BUT DEPENDING UPON WHERE YOU'RE ON THE STATE OR NEW HAMPSHIRE,
00:29:58IT CAN BE AS EARLY AS JANUARY OR AS LATE AS MARCH.
00:30:02TRADITIONALLY IS TOWN MEETING DAY WAS WHEN THINGS WERE CAPPED.
00:30:05AND NOWADAYS, IF YOU GO AND TAP AT TOWN MEETING, YOU'VE MISSED A FEW WEEKS OF OF SAP FLOW.
00:30:08AND SO YOU KNOW THIS IS THIS CAN THIS CAN VARY WIDELY.
00:30:12I HAVE FRIENDS UP NORTH THAT GO INTO MAY IN THEIR SUGARING
00:30:16SEASON JUST BECAUSE THAT'S JUST THAT FAR NORTH.
00:30:19BUT WHAT WE'RE LOOKING FOR IS THE WEATHER IS THAT SUSTAINED
00:30:23WEATHER OF YOU KNOW, WHEN WE
00:30:23HAVE HIGHS IN THE 40S AND LOWS
00:30:28IN THE 20S OR EVEN THE TEENS IN SOME CASES. SO THAT FREE STAR CYCLE SO THE
00:30:31PAST COUPLE DAYS HAVE BEEN GREAT AND NOW WE GOING TO FREEZE UP TOMORROW, TOMORROW NIGHT AND
00:30:35THEN THEY'LL GO BACK AND FORTH. SO WE'RE KIND OF IN THAT IN THAT PROCESS.
00:30:38LISA, IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE STATE AND THAT SEASON IS, YOU KNOW, CAN BE AS SHORT AS A
00:30:42FEW WEEKS TO, YOU KNOW, 8 TO 12
00:30:45WEEKS IS A PRETTY WIDE SPAN. AND WHEN THIS HAPPENS. BUT THE IDEA IS THAT, YOU KNOW,
00:30:49WHEN YOU'RE READY OR WHEN YOU KNOW WHEN THE TREES ARE READY,
00:30:52THE SUGAR MAKER HAS TO BE READY AS WELL.
00:30:55SO BUT AGAIN, THAT WEATHER IS
00:30:57WHAT DRIVES SAP FLOW AND TREES
00:30:59AND SAP FREE STOCK DYNAMICS.
00:31:01AND SO NORTH CAROLINA CERTAINLY HAS DIFFERENT CLIMATE THAN WE
00:31:05DO. RIGHT. BUT THEY DO EXPERIENCE THIS WEATHER SOMETIME DURING THE
00:31:08DORMANT SEASON. IT'S A LOT SOONER THAN WE DO RIGHT DOWN IN CONNECTICUT.
00:31:12THEY'VE BEEN BOILING FOR QUITE A WHILE NOW. THEY'VE BEEN MAKING SIRUP FOR QUITE A WHILE BECAUSE WE JUST
00:31:16HAVE A DIFFERENT A DIFFERENT CLIMATE. BUT AGAIN, THAT WEATHER IS HAPPENING.
00:31:20JUST TO LET YOU KNOW ABOUT SAP
00:31:22COLLECTION TO WHEN THE WHEN THE WHEN THE SAP COMES OUT OF A TREE, IT'S ABOUT 2% SUGAR
00:31:26CONTENT THAT RANGES WILDLY FROM
00:31:29DAY TO DAY, FROM TREE TO TREE,
00:31:31FROM AVERAGE SUGAR MAPLES ARE GOING TO BE ABOUT 2% SUGAR CONTENT.
00:31:34THE SIRUP THAT YOU DRINK IS
00:31:37PROBABLY ABOUT 67% SUGAR CONTENT THAT YOU'RE DRINK OR EAT.
00:31:40I HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO DRINK IT.
00:31:43THAT MEANS THAT'S WHERE THAT 40
00:31:46TO 1 RATIO, YOU ALWAYS SAY YOU NEED 40 GALLONS OF SAP TO MAKE
00:31:49ONE GALLON OF SIRUP. AND THAT'S THAT'S BASED ON THE SUGAR CONTENT OF THE OF THE SAP
00:31:54ITSELF. IF YOU HAVE 4% SURE. CONTACT YOU ALL.
00:31:57YOU NEED ABOUT 20, 20 GALLONS OF SAP. SO THE MORE THE HIGHER THE SUGAR
00:32:01CONTENT AND TREE, THE LESS SAP YOU NEED TO MAKE SIRUP.
00:32:05AND THEN EACH TREE, EACH TAP WILL GIVE YOU ABOUT TEN GALLONS
00:32:09OF SAP OR YIELD ABOUT ONE QUART OF SIRUP.
00:32:14AND SO THERE ARE SOME SUGAR MAKERS OUT THERE WHO ACTUALLY
00:32:16YIELD MORE THAN HALF A GALLON OF SIRUP PER TAP.
00:32:20THAT'S THE USE OF VACUUM AND REALLY GOOD PRACTICES.
00:32:22BUT, YOU KNOW, TYPICALLY IF YOU EVERY FOUR TAPS YOU PUT OUT
00:32:26THERE, YOU CAN MAKE A GALLON
00:32:27SIRUP OVER THE OVER THE OVER THE
00:32:32SEASON. AND THIS IS HOW IT HAPPENS. THIS IS LOOKING DOWN ON THE
00:32:36EVAPORATOR THAT WE HAVE HERE. AGAIN, THIS IS THE BACK OF THE EVAPORATOR COMES IN AT 2%.
00:32:40SUGAR CONTENT AND THEN IT ESSENTIALLY JUST RUNS THROUGH A
00:32:44SERIES OF PATHWAYS UNTIL YOU GET OFF AT 67% AT THE END.
00:32:50AND AS THE SAP MOVES THROUGH THE EVAPORATOR, IT'S BOILING AND BOILING AND THERE'S MORE AND
00:32:54MORE STEAM COMING OFF IS LESS, LESS WATER IN THAT SOLUTION.
00:32:59AND SO IT GETS CONCENTRATED UNTIL YOU ACTUALLY HAVE THE RIGHT DENSITY AND YOU HAVE YOUR
00:33:02SIRUP. SO AGAIN, THAT 40 TO 1 THAT WE
00:33:05HAVE HERE, IT'S GOOD.
00:33:09IT'S, YOU KNOW, IT'S WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT IT'S KIND OF LIKE PRETTY SAD TO THINK ABOUT.
00:33:12LIKE I JUST GET LIKE, I FORGET ALL THAT JUST TO GET, YOU KNOW, JUST A LITTLE, LITTLE BIT OF
00:33:16SIRUP. BUT I THINK IT'S WORTH IT AS WELL. HOP A LITTLE BIT INTO THE GRAINS
00:33:20OF SIRUP. I TALKED TO A LOT OF PEOPLE THIS
00:33:23THESE ARE ALL THIS IS ALL CONSIDERED MAPLE SIRUP.
00:33:26THESE ALL HAVE THE SAME SUGAR CONTENT.
00:33:29SO THERE'S ONE IS THAT MORE SWEETENER?
00:33:32THERE ARE 67% SUGAR THAT'S IN THERE. THEY JUST HAVE DIFFERENT GRADES
00:33:37AND THE DIFFERENT GRADES HAVE DIFFERENT FLAVORS. AND SO THIS IS KIND OF THE YOU
00:33:40CAN GO INTO A COUPLE OF GIFT SHOPS OR SOME SUGAR HOUSES HAVE
00:33:43IT WHERE THEY ACTUALLY HAVE A SAMPLER PACK AND THEY HAVE MAYBE THREE GRADES LINED UP.
00:33:46AND YOU CAN ACTUALLY TASTE THEM, YOU KNOW, SIDE BY SIDE.
00:33:50IT'S CRAZY. I LOVE THIS PHOTO BECAUSE THESE
00:33:53GRADES COME OUT IN DIFFERENT BATCHES BASED ON WHAT'S GOING ON
00:33:56IN THE WOODS, IN THE SUGAR HOUSE.
00:33:58AND SO EACH SHELF HERE IS ONE YEAR OF PRODUCTION.
00:34:01AND SO YOU CAN SEE THAT THESE
00:34:072015 IS AN EXAMPLE. THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR, VERY LIGHT SIRUP COMING
00:34:11THROUGH AND THEN YOU SEE IT
00:34:13SLOWLY GETS DARKER, VERY DARK, LIGHTENS UP A LITTLE BIT AND GOES VERY DARK.
00:34:16AND THAT'S A BOOM, RIGHT? LINES UP AGAIN AND THAT TO ME TELLS ME THAT IS PRIOR REALLY
00:34:21HARD FREEZE FOR A WHILE. THAT HAPPENS WITH THAT AND THAT
00:34:24CAN THAT CAN REALLY LIGHTEN UP THE SIRUP. AND SO THERE'S A LOT OF DIFFERENT THINGS THAT GO INTO
00:34:29HOW HOW SIRUP COMES OUT OF THE
00:34:32EVAPORATOR, WHETHER BEING ONE OF THOSE THINGS AND ALSO HOW MUCH
00:34:35HOW MUCH CLEANING THE SUGAR MAKER DOES TO KIND OF MAKE THE
00:34:39BORING PROCESS FASTER.
00:34:42BUT REALLY IT'S KIND OF NEAT TO SEE THE VARIATION IN GRADES THAT
00:34:44YOU HAVE THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE SEASON. THAT'S WHY I PUT THAT UP THERE. SO WHEN WE LOOK AT OUR GRADES,
00:34:48WE HAVE THE GOLDEN AMBER DARK AND VERY DARK.
00:34:52AND SO BACK MAYBE FIVE OF SEVEN YEARS AGO, WE USED TO HAVE LIKE
00:34:55VERMONT FANCY OR LIGHT.
00:34:59THE THE WHOLE MAPLE WORLD HOMOGENIZE THE GRADING SYSTEM,
00:35:02BOTH IN CANADA, UNITED STATES TO THESE FOUR.
00:35:04SO THERE'S NO QUESTION LIKE OH WHAT'S WHAT'S VERMONT FANCY
00:35:08COMPARED TO WHITE AND ALL THESE THINGS SO GOLDEN IF YOU IF YOU
00:35:10ALWAYS LIKE VERMONT FANCY GOLDEN IS THAT IS THAT SIRUP THAT'S THERE.
00:35:14AND SO WITH THE COLOR GRADES
00:35:18COME THE FLAVOR GRADES AS WELL
00:35:21THIS WITH A GOLDEN THERE'S DELICATE WITH RICH I'M SORRY
00:35:25WITH AMBER THIS RICH ROBUST STRONG AS YOU AS YOU GO DOWN AND
00:35:27THOSE ALL AS YOU CAN IMAGINE, DESCRIBE THE FLAVOR OF THE SIRUP
00:35:31IN THAT GRADE. AND SO GOLDEN. QUITE OFTEN PEOPLE DON'T LIKE
00:35:34THE FLAVOR OF GOLDEN BECAUSE IT ALMOST DOES NOT TASTE LIKE MAPLE SIRUP AT ALL. THERE'S JUST A VERY DELICATE
00:35:39TASTE OF MAPLE SIRUP THAT'S IN THERE QUITE OFTEN. IT'S IT'S MORE BUTTERY OR
00:35:42VANILLA TYPE TASTING THAN IT IS KIND OF MAPLE.
00:35:46MOST PEOPLE LIKE THE ROBUST KIND OF FLAVOR KIND OF HITS YOU IN THE FACE WITH THAT.
00:35:49AND THEN THE STRONG, THE VERY DARK. YEAH, YOU COULD USE THAT FOR COOKING AND THINGS LIKE THAT TOO.
00:35:54SO, OKAY, I BREEZED THROUGH THIS
00:35:56HERE, BUT IN ORDER FOR THAT,
00:35:58THAT SIRUP TO REALLY MEET THE
00:36:01GRADE, THEY HAVE TO HAVE BOTH. THEY HAVE TO HAVE THE TASTE AND THE COLOR.
00:36:05YOU COULD HAVE A GOLDEN SIRUP THAT HAS A ROBUST TASTE AND THAT
00:36:07THAT'S ACTUALLY OFF OF OFF THE
00:36:10GRADE AND ACTUALLY, EVEN THOUGH THE COLOR IS GOLDEN, IT ACTUALLY
00:36:14BE A A DARK SIRUP JUST BECAUSE
00:36:17THE TASTE IS THE DARK TASTE. BUT REALLY, AGAIN, THAT'S THAT
00:36:21THIS RIGHT HERE HAS A SUBTLE HINTS OF A VANILLA THE RICH IS A
00:36:25KIND OF AN ALL PURPOSE SIRUP, AS WE SAY. IT'S LIKE A IT'S ON YOUR
00:36:29PANCAKES, YOUR WAFFLES AND KIND OF DRESSING IT UP.
00:36:32BUT IT HAS A FULL FLAVOR OF A OF OF MAPLE.
00:36:36YES. A MEDIUM INTENSITY, AS THEY SAY.
00:36:38BUT THE ROBUST IS EVEN MORE, YOU
00:36:40KNOW, BOTH BOTH THE DARK AND THE AMBER ARE QUITE OFTEN THE MOST
00:36:43POPULAR SIRUPS ARE OUT THERE JUST BECAUSE THEY TASTE LIKE MAPLE SIRUP.
00:36:47IT'S THE TRUE MAPLE SIRUP TASTE. AND THEN THE DARK.
00:36:50THE VERY DARK EXCUSE ME, IS REALLY THAT COOKING GRADE.
00:36:53A LOT OF TIMES IT'S STILL MAPLE. SIRUP IS NOTHING WRONG WITH IT.
00:36:56IT CAN BE VERY, VERY, VERY DARK.
00:36:58BUT IT REALLY IS. IT'S STILL MAPLE SIRUP. IT JUST, YOU KNOW, JUST HAS A
00:37:02DIFFERENT FLAVOR PROFILE. GOOD.
00:37:07SO I JUST COME BACK TO THIS GRAPH JUST TO SHOW KIND OF WHERE
00:37:10WE ARE. YOU KNOW, A LOT OF THIS HAPPENED
00:37:13FROM, YOU KNOW, FROM THE 1800S ON.
00:37:16BUT NOW, AGAIN, WE'VE SEEN THIS DECLINE. WE'RE SEEING DOUBLE DIGIT GROWTH
00:37:20IN MAPLE PRODUCTION BOTH HERE IN UNITED STATES AND IN CANADA.
00:37:24AND WITH THAT GROWTH COMES A LOT
00:37:26OF GROWTH IN THE TECHNOLOGY THAT WE'VE SEEN. SO WE YOU KNOW, WE'VE COME A LONG WAY SO FAR.
00:37:30BUT BUT WE'RE SEEING DIFFERENT
00:37:34TECHNOLOGY WITH OUR EVAPORATORS. THIS IS AN OIL FIRED EVAPORATOR,
00:37:38VERY EFFICIENT.
00:37:39WE HAVE EVAPORATORS TODAY THAT
00:37:43ARE ACTUALLY LIKE A CLOSED WOOD STOVE WITH CATHOLIC CONVERTERS.
00:37:45IF YOU IF YOU GO INTO AN OLD
00:37:47SUGAR HOUSE, REALLY IT'S JUST A RIBBON FIRE.
00:37:50THEY SAY WHEN YOU WHEN YOU'RE BOILING WITH WOOD, YOU SHOULD BE
00:37:53I'LL PUT A NEWSPAPER IN THE FRONT OF THE EVAPORATOR AND THEN
00:37:56THE NEWSPAPER WILL COME OUT THE
00:37:58SAME CONDITION, OUT THE CHIMNEY BECAUSE THERE'S SO MUCH, SO MUCH
00:38:02AIR BEING DRAWN THROUGH IT.
00:38:04BUT THE OTHER EVAPORATORS THAT
00:38:06WE HAVE NOW ARE THEY USE ELECTRICITY TO BOIL THE SAP AND
00:38:10SO THERE'S JUST ALL THESE KIND OF CRAZY TECHNOLOGIES THAT WE SEE.
00:38:13SO IT'S PRETTY NEAT TO SEE THE
00:38:16THE TAKE HOME MESSAGES LIKE THE MORE METAL, THE MORE EXPENSIVE IT IS.
00:38:19SO THE SHINIER THE OBJECT, THE MORE EXPENSIVE. AND SO THAT'S MAYBE LIKE A
00:38:23$30,000 EVAPORATOR. SO IT'S PRETTY, PRETTY WILD.
00:38:27THESE MACHINES ARE CALLED REVERSE OSMOSIS FILTERS OR
00:38:31MACHINES. THEY THEY TAKE THE OLD IT'S AN
00:38:35OLD TECHNOLOGY, YOU KNOW, DEVELOPED DECADES AGO FOR
00:38:38DESALINIZATION OF SALT WATER. IF YOU COULD TAKE SALTWATER
00:38:41RIGHT THROUGH THESE MACHINES AND THERE'LL BE A ONE IN A EVEN MORE
00:38:46CONCENTRATE AND SALT WATER COMES OUT AND THEN THE OTHER END
00:38:48ESSENTIALLY DISTILLED WATER, A PURE WATER COMES OUT OF THAT.
00:38:51AND WHAT THESE MACHINES HAVE ARE THESE FILTERS IS THIS IS A
00:38:56CROSS-SECTION OF A FILTER. AND THE FILTERS ALLOW FOR WATER
00:38:59MOLECULES TO PASS THROUGH, BUT DO NOT ALLOW ANYTHING BIGGER
00:39:03THAN WATER MOLECULES TO GO THROUGH. AND THAT INCLUDES SALT.
00:39:06SO FOR DIESELS, ATION, THAT'LL BE THE CASE, BUT ALSO INCLUDE SUGAR MOLECULES.
00:39:09AND SO SOMEONE, SOMEONE SMART, IF SO, YOU KNOW, IF WE CAN DO
00:39:13THAT WITH SALT WATER, WE CAN DO THAT WITH WITH MAPLE SAP.
00:39:17AND SO WHAT FOLKS DO IS THEY RUN THESE THROUGH REVERSE OSMOSIS
00:39:23MACHINES. AND IN THE DESALINATION PROCESS THAT CONCENTRATED BRINE OR SALT
00:39:27WATER WOULD BE DISCARDED BECAUSE THEY DON'T WANT THAT.
00:39:30BUT IN SUGARING, IT'S CONCENTRATED SAP THAT COMES OUT OF IT AND THAT'S WHAT THEY WANT.
00:39:34AND THEN THE PURE AIR GETS THROWN OUT OR USED FOR CLEANING.
00:39:37AND SO YOU CAN GO FROM 2% SUGAR
00:39:41CONTENT TO 8% SUGAR CONTENT AND
00:39:44GOING FROM 2% TO TWO 8% REMOVES
00:39:4975% OF THE WATER. SO THAT'S 75% LESS TIME.
00:39:52A SUGAR VAPOR MAKER NEEDS TO
00:39:55UTILIZE BOILING. IT'S 35% LESS FUEL THAT THEY HAVE TO USE TO PROCESS THAT SAP.
00:40:00AND SO THAT'S WHY THEY USE THESE REVERSE OSMOSIS MACHINES NOWADAYS.
00:40:03THERE ARE SOME MAKE SUGAR MAKERS
00:40:06ARE ACTUALLY BUMPING UP TO 20%, 44%.
00:40:08SO BEING ULTRA CONCENTRATED AND REALLY JUST BOILED REALLY
00:40:12QUICKLY TO GET THAT 67%.
00:40:15BUT TRADITIONALLY, YOU KNOW, IF A SUGAR HOUSE HAS A REVERSE
00:40:19OSMOSIS MACHINE IN THEIR SYSTEM,
00:40:21THEY'RE PROBABLY BUMPING UP TO MAYBE 6 OR 8% BECAUSE THAT'S THE
00:40:25THAT'S REALLY THE THE USE OF THAT MACHINE. SO AGAIN, THAT FILTER, I
00:40:29MENTIONED, THE VACUUM SYSTEMS ARE VERY IMPORTANT.
00:40:31VACUUM SYSTEMS. AND I WOULD SAY THAT MOST LARGER
00:40:35PRODUCERS WILL BE UTILIZING VACUUM SYSTEMS AGAIN TO GET THAT
00:40:39HIGHER YIELD TO APPROACH A HALF A GALLON OF SIRUP PER TAP VERSUS
00:40:42JUST A QUART OF A SIRUP FOR TAP.
00:40:45AND SO THAT'S THAT'S WHY THEY'RE THAT'S WHY YOU SEE THESE LITTLE SHACKS.
00:40:49WELL, OUR TIMES ON THE ROADSIDE THAT HAVE ALL THE TUBING RUNNING INTO THEM, THAT'S WHAT'S INSIDE
00:40:53OF THEM. I'M NOT SURE IF FOLKS HAVE SEEN
00:40:58THIS. THIS IS AN OLDER ARTICLE AS OF
00:41:0013 YEARS AGO NOW, UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT HAS A PHENOMENAL
00:41:04RESEARCH FACILITY FOR MAPLE. MAKES SENSE.
00:41:06VERMONT MAPLE RESEARCH. SINCE THE 40S, THEY'VE BEEN
00:41:09DOING MAPLE RESEARCH. AND THEY ACTUALLY DISCOVERED
00:41:12THAT THEY COULD HARVEST SAP USING THESE SAPLINGS AND AGAIN,
00:41:16THIS IS A VACUUM SYSTEM HERE. IF YOU LOOK UP CLOSE, THIS IS WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE.
00:41:20SO THEY TAKE A SAPLING OF A
00:41:22MAPLE, THEY TOP IT OFF FIVE, SIX FEET ABOVE THE GROUND AND THEY
00:41:26CARPET. THIS IS JUST THE PROTOTYPE HERE THAT THEY HAD JUST JUST FOR THE
00:41:30EXPERIMENT IN THE CARPET. AND THEY'RE ABLE TO EXTRACT SAP OUT OF THAT.
00:41:34THAT TOPPED SAPLING. THAT'S THEIR IT'S KIND OF A
00:41:36PROOF OF CONCEPT, BUT THEY CAN REALLY A TRADITIONAL SUGAR BUSH
00:41:41CAN PRODUCE ABOUT 40 GALLONS OF SIRUP OVER THE YEAR.
00:41:45IF YOU WERE TO DO A PLANTATION OF SAPLINGS THAT HAS ABOUT 5000
00:41:48SAPLINGS PER ACRE, YOU CAN BUMP
00:41:50UP YOUR SAP SIRUP PRODUCTION TO
00:41:53ABOUT 400 GALLONS OF OF OF SIRUP PER ACRE.
00:41:57AND SO YOU CAN IMAGINE IF THERE EVER WAS A PEST OR DISEASE THAT
00:42:00CAME AND WIPED OUT. SUGAR, MAPLE, MAPLE.
00:42:03THIS THESE TREES COULD BE PLANTED IN A PLANTATION SETTING
00:42:06WHERE THEY COULD BE CONTROLLED. YOU CAN CONTROL THE PASS THROUGH
00:42:09OF THE AGENT AND STILL HAVE
00:42:11MAPLE SIRUP BE IT'S KIND OF SAD
00:42:15THAT IT BECAME TREES EVERY YEAR LIKE THAT.
00:42:16BUT THAT'S JUST, YOU KNOW.
00:42:20THE PEOPLE HERE ABOUT THIS HAVE
00:42:23SO THERE WAS THERE WAS LIKE A A REALLY GOOD TV SHOW ABOUT IT TOO.
00:42:27I CAN'T REMEMBER THE NAME OF IT OF I THINK ABOUT THAT BUT THERE
00:42:29IS THIS IS THIS IS UP IN QUEBEC.
00:42:34THIS THIS HEIST, $18 MILLION WITH THE SIRUP HAPPENED IN THESE
00:42:38SIRUP WAREHOUSES. AND YOU CAN SEE HERE THESE THESE
00:42:40BARRELS ARE THE TRADITIONAL MAPLE SIRUP, 55 GALLON DRUMS ARE IN THERE.
00:42:45YOU CAN SEE IN THE BACK, THEY'RE ALL STACKED LIKE THAT.
00:42:48AND SO THIS IS WHAT THIS IS THE STRATEGIC RESERVE OF MAPLE SIRUP.
00:42:51THAT'S WHAT THAT LOOKS LIKE. AND SO THEY HAVE, YOU KNOW,
00:42:54HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF BARRELS
00:42:56IN A WAREHOUSE THAT THEY JUST SIT THERE AND THEY'RE TESTED
00:43:00THERE, INSPECTED BY BY THE
00:43:04STRATEGIC RESERVE INSPECTORS. AND THE WAY THAT THEY FOUND OUT
00:43:08ABOUT THAT HEIST IS THAT SOMEONE REACHED FOR A BARREL. IT WAS EMPTY.
00:43:12AND SO WHAT HAPPENED WAS, IS THAT SOMEONE IN WORKING IN THE
00:43:16WAREHOUSE RENTED THE WAREHOUSE NEXT DOOR AND THEY WOULD JUST
00:43:19BRING BARRELS BACK AND FORTH AND AND PUT IT OUT INTO THE MARKET.
00:43:23AND SO SOMETIMES THEY WOULD EMPTY THE BARREL AND PUT IT BACK IN EMPTY.
00:43:26SOMETIMES EMPTY THE BARREL AND PUT IT BACK WITH WATER.
00:43:29SO A GALLON, A GALLON OF WATER WEIGHS 8 POUNDS A GALLON AND
00:43:32MAPLE SIRUP WEIGHS ALMOST 12 POUNDS. AND SO BY WEIGHT, BY, YOU KNOW,
00:43:36BY MEASURING THE WEIGHT OF THE BARREL, THEY CAN ACTUALLY TELL THAT IT WAS NOT NOT MAPLE SIRUP
00:43:39EITHER OR IT WAS SHORT. SO IT'S KIND OF WILD TO THINK
00:43:43ABOUT. SO WHEN YOU IF YOU GO TO COSTCO OR WHOLE FOODS, ONE THAT YOU
00:43:47KNOW, SO THESE BIGGER PRODUCE, THESE BIGGER CHAIN STORES THAT
00:43:51SELL MAPLE SIRUP QUITE OFTEN IT COMES FROM PLACES LIKE THIS.
00:43:54IT'S KIND OF WILD TO THINK ABOUT, BUT IT'S PLACES LIKE THIS
00:43:57THAT ALLOW FOR THE INDUSTRY TO BE REALLY STABLE. AND THE PRICING THAT WE HAVE HERE.
00:44:01AND SO WITHOUT THAT STRATEGIC
00:44:03RESERVE, YOU KNOW, WE WOULDN'T SEE THAT BIG GROWTH THAT WE HAVE HERE OR WE WON'T SEE AS MUCH OF
00:44:07IT THAT'S OUT THERE. BUT THAT'S A PRETTY IF YOU
00:44:10HAVEN'T SEEN THAT ARTICLE, THE CANADIANS TAKE SIRUP.
00:44:14SO, SO SERIOUSLY THAT THEY CUT
00:44:18ONE OF THE ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO WERE ACTUALLY INVOLVED WITH THIS. THEY HAD A REALLY LONG JAIL
00:44:23SENTENCE FOR THIS, TOO. SO LOT OF THAT I THINK MOST PEOPLE GET FOR OTHER CRIMES.
00:44:27SO IT'S KIND OF NEAT TO SEE. BUT $18 MILLION WITH THE SIRUP STOLEN.
00:44:31THE COOL THING, THOUGH, IS THIS IS MR. SHUE HERE.
00:44:34THIS IS SO WE HAVE THE GIANT
00:44:39WAREHOUSE FULL OF SIRUP, BUT WE ALSO HAVE THESE PEOPLE IN THEIR BACKYARD DOING THE SAME THING.
00:44:42AND REALLY IT'S THE SAME PROCESS, RIGHT? YOU CAN MAKE MILLIONS AND
00:44:44MILLIONS OF GALLONS OF SIRUP OR YOU CAN MAKE A COUPLE OF GALLONS OF SIRUP.
00:44:47AND THIS IS WHAT YOU HAVE HERE, TOO. AND AGAIN, LIKE I SAID EARLIER,
00:44:51AT THE END OF THE DAY, IT'S JUST BOILING SAP AND WE JUST DO IT IN DIFFERENT WAYS.
00:44:55BUT WE'RE ALL BLANKS HAPPENED TO A CERTAIN SPOT. YEAH, I LIKE THIS.
00:44:59I DID A TALK AND I MET THIS FELLOW AT THE TALK AND HE SENT
00:45:02ME THIS LITTLE PDF WE HAVE HERE. SO I REALLY LIKE HOW I FOUND
00:45:06THAT PRETTY FUNNY. SO YEAH, I'LL STOP HERE AND
00:45:09HAPPY TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS AGAIN. THIS MIGHT. YEAH.
00:45:13MY FAVORITE LITTLE SAP HARVESTER. YOUR CHAIR IS HAPPY TO TAKE ANY
00:45:17QUESTIONS OR IF PEOPLE HAVE IT
00:45:19OR COMMENTS HERE IT JUST REMIND THE BOOM.
00:45:23MIKE TO GO WITH THE SCARY. YEAH. YEAH.
00:45:27HELLO THERE. UM, MY WIFE AND I WERE IN CATCH
00:45:31A CANDLE ASKA LAST FALL, AND IT
00:45:35TURNED OUT THAT THEY HAVE BIRCH
00:45:39SIRUP UP THERE AND I THINK IT
00:45:41WAS LIKE, ALMOST LIKE 90 TO 1 OR
00:45:44SOMETHING THAT WAS QUITE A BIT. YEAH. AND IT WAS, IT WAS ACTUALLY QUITE BITTER.
00:45:48AND I DIDN'T LIKE IT. BUT YOU POUR IT ON SOME ICE
00:45:51CREAM AND IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE.
00:45:54OH, SO I DON'T KNOW, IS THAT LOCAL JUST TO ALASKA OR DO YOU
00:45:58THINK BECAUSE OF A CERTAIN
00:45:59SPECIES OF BIRCH TREE OR DO YOU THINK SOMETHING LIKE THAT COULD
00:46:03BE DONE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE? YEAH. YEAH.
00:46:05SO CONVERSE HERE COULD BE MADE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE OR ELSEWHERE.
00:46:09YEAH. SO BIRCH IS IS BIRCH SIRUP IS A VERY, VERY TRADITIONAL SIRUP IN
00:46:13ALASKA, NORTHERN CANADA, IN SIBERIA. YOU KNOW THAT PRETTY MUCH THE
00:46:16NORTHERN HEMISPHERE UP THERE OR THE NORTHERN PART OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WHERE BIRCH
00:46:20IS DEFINITELY BY FAR THE MOST DOMINANT HARDWOOD SPECIES THERE.
00:46:24THERE THE SAP FLOWS AND ALL
00:46:27BIRCHES AND IT FLOWS AT A DIFFERENT TIME THAN MAPLE.
00:46:31SO RIGHT WHEN THE MAPLE SEASON ENDS, THE BIRCH SEASON BEGINS
00:46:34AND IT GOES WELL INTO MAY WITH THAT.
00:46:36AND SO ALL BIRCH IS PRODUCE SAP
00:46:39THAT YOU CAN USE FOR FOR MAKING THE SIRUP THAT YOU HAVE.
00:46:42PAPER BIRCH IS, YOU KNOW, THE
00:46:45COMMON ONE IN THAT AREA. BUT BLACK BIRCH THAT WE HAVE A
00:46:49LOT OF HERE IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF STATE, YELLOW BIRCH, THEY ALL PRODUCE SAP. THEY BOIL DOWN.
00:46:52BUT YOU'RE RIGHT IS A LOT MORE SAP TO MAKE ONE GALLON SIRUP.
00:46:56AND AGAIN, THAT'S BECAUSE OF THE SUGAR CONTENT. SO QUITE OFTEN IT'S 1% SHORT
00:47:00CONTENT OR BELOW. AND SO THAT'S WHY IT'S YOU NEED
00:47:04SO MUCH SAP TO DO THAT. IT IS A BITTER FLAVOR TO THAT AS
00:47:08WELL. I AGREE WITH YOU. OR IF IT'S ALMOST LIKE MOLASSES,
00:47:10IF YOU'VE HAD, I FIND SOMETIMES THAT IT'S IT'S NOT IT'S NOT
00:47:14MAPLE SIRUP, LET'S PUT IT THAT WAY.
00:47:17BUT RESEARCHERS THAT YOU AND H HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN LOOKING AT
00:47:21ALTERNATIVES SIRUPS BIRCH BEING ONE OF THEM. YOU CAN YOU CAN TAP SYCAMORE,
00:47:24YOU CAN TAP BASS. WOOD.
00:47:27THERE ARE A COUPLE OF OTHER SPECIES THAT, THAT, THAT THEY'RE LOOKING AT BUT IT GETS OUR BEECH
00:47:31AMERICAN BEECH ACTUALLY PRODUCES A SIRUP THAT'S VERY SIMILAR TO MAPLE SIRUP.
00:47:35BUT YOU CAN ONLY GET THE SAP OUT OF THE TREE DURING THE SEASON
00:47:39WHEN IT'S WHEN WHEN THAT TREE IS UNDER A VACUUM SYSTEM.
00:47:42SO AS YOU CAN SEE. BUT YEAH, BUT I DON'T THINK ANYTHING WILL BEAT MAPLE SIRUP
00:47:46HERE. YEAH.
00:47:51WELL. OH YEAH. THE QUESTION I HAVE I HAVE
00:47:54SOMETHING TO ADD TO THIS. WE HAVE PROPERTY UP IN ISLAND
00:47:58POND, VERMONT, WHERE SWEET TREE IS A BIG, BIG, BIG SUGAR AND
00:48:02JUST OUT OF INTEREST, THEY CALL THEIR SUGAR PEOPLE SUGAR JACKS, WHICH I THOUGHT WAS KIND OF
00:48:06CHARMING, BUT THEY ARE SUGARING
00:48:09OFTENTIMES FROM DECEMBER ON AND
00:48:13PROBABLY BECAUSE OF THE VACUUM. CORRECT.
00:48:14THAT THEY'RE ABLE TO GET A
00:48:19PROFIT OUT OF THEIR SUGARING EFFORTS IF THEY'RE USING A
00:48:22VACUUM SYSTEM ON THEIR SUGAR BUSHES. YEAH.
00:48:26YEAH. AND SO. YEAH, SWEET TREAT PROBABLY HAS
00:48:30CLOSE TO A MILLION TAPS BY NOW.
00:48:32I THINK THAT IT'S THE GOAL IS TO GET TO A MILLION. NO, I KNOW.
00:48:35NO, IT'S FINE BUT YEAH BUT THEY
00:48:38ALL THESE BIG PRODUCERS IN NEW
00:48:41HAMPSHIRE, YOU KNOW, PRETTY MUCH FOR THE SUGARING WORLD, USUALLY
00:48:44START TAPPING LIKE THE DAY AFTER CHRISTMAS. AND THAT'S BECAUSE THEY HAVE SO
00:48:48MANY TAPS TO PUT OUT THAT IF THEY, IF THEY START A LATER,
00:48:52THEY MAY NOT CATCH THE SIRUP THAT RUNS THAT'S THERE.
00:48:56BUT YEAH, I MEAN, I LIVE IN PETERBOROUGH.
00:48:58I HAD SAP FLOWING THE WEEK AFTER CHRISTMAS FOR US BECAUSE IN
00:49:02ORDER TO SAP TO FLOW NEED SUCH A
00:49:06TWO THINGS. ONE, THE TREE NEEDS TO BE DORMANT UNTIL YOU NEED THAT
00:49:10WEATHER PATTERN. SO THERE ACTUALLY ARE PEOPLE WHO
00:49:14TAP IN NOVEMBER BECAUSE WE ACTUALLY IF YOU IMAGINE NOVEMBER
00:49:16GOING INTO THE WINTER, WE HAVE THAT SAME FREE STAR CYCLE THAT YOU HAVE.
00:49:20THE TREES ARE DORMANT AND YOU WILL GET SAP. SO IF YOU GO OUT THANKSGIVING OR
00:49:24WHATEVER THAT WEATHER LOOKS ABOUT RIGHT FOR SAP FLOW AND TAP
00:49:27A TREE, YOU'LL GET SAP AND YOU CAN BOIL THAT SAP DOWN AND MAKE
00:49:31SIRUP BE NO DIFFERENT. WHAT HAPPENS, THOUGH, IS THAT
00:49:34THOSE TAP ONCE YOU TAP A TREE, THERE'S A THERE'S A ESSENTIALLY
00:49:37LIKE A A TIMER THAT SORT THAT
00:49:39STARTS AND WHERE THAT TREE WILL START TO HEAL, THAT TAP WILL
00:49:42STOP FLOWING AT THAT POINT. AND THAT HAS EVERYTHING TO DO
00:49:47WITH THE WEATHER AND THE GROWTH OF MICROBES ESSENTIALLY, AND
00:49:51MICROBIAL GROWTH ACTUALLY PLUGS UP THE LITTLE WOODEN VESSELS IN
00:49:54THE TREE OVER TIME. AND ONCE THOSE GET PLUGGED UP,
00:49:57THE SAP STARTS FLOWING. SO IT'S NOT THAT THAT WOULD
00:50:00ACTUALLY HEALS IT JUST GET PLUGGED UP SO THAT MICROBIAL
00:50:03GROWTH IS DICTATED BY WEATHER AND HOW HOT THINGS GET. SO IF IT GETS REALLY HOT IN
00:50:07MARCH, LET'S SAY THAT GROWTH IS GOING TO EXPLODE AND THEN YOU
00:50:11HAVE YOU HAVE THOSE TADPOLES DRYING UP.
00:50:12SO IF YOU IF YOU TAP TOO SOON,
00:50:16YOU CAN YOU MAY HAVE A REALLY BAD JANUARY THAW THAT WAS REALLY HOT FOR A LONG TIME.
00:50:19AND YOU ACTUALLY CAN LOOSEN PRODUCTION THAT WAY. BUT THOSE BIG PRODUCERS
00:50:22DEFINITELY HAVE TO TAP EARLY BECAUSE THEY HAVE TO CATCH ALL THOSE TREES BEFORE THE SEASON
00:50:26EVEN STARTS. WITH THAT, YEAH, YOU ALSO HAVE
00:50:28THE RISK OF HAVING ALL MY GROWTH IN THE TUBING, WHICH WOULD THEN
00:50:34BE BECAUSE YOU HAVE BACTERIA IN THE TUBE.
00:50:38YEAH, THE, THE TUBING IS DESIGNED SO THAT THE SAP BOLT
00:50:42SHOULD FULLY EVACUATE SO IT'S NOT SITTING IN THE TUBING FOR A
00:50:44VERY LONG TIME.
00:50:46AND SO THE THAT THOSE MICROBES
00:50:50ARE YOU KNOW, THEY'RE HERE. IT'S NOT IT'S NOTHING BAD OR ANYTHING THAT'S JUST JUST
00:50:54AMBIENT. BUT YOU KNOW, BACTERIA AND YEAST MOLDS THAT WE HAVE OUT IN THE IN
00:50:58THE IN THE WORLD. AND SO IT DOESN'T GET INTO THE SIRUP, YOU KNOW, THE SIRUPS
00:51:01BOILED AS WELL. SO YOU DON'T LOSE THAT EITHER.
00:51:03BUT YEAH, PART OF THE SUGARING
00:51:07PROCESS IS HAVING THAT TRYING TO BE AS CLEAN AS POSSIBLE.
00:51:09THAT MEANS HAVING, YOU KNOW, CLEAN EVAPORATE PANS, CLEAN COLLECTION CONTAINERS, CLEAN TO
00:51:14BEING CLEAN TAPS AS WELL. YEAH, IT'S SO COOL.
00:51:19THANK YOU.
00:51:20SHOWED THE GRAPH OF HOW FAR
00:51:24SUGARING GOES. IS THAT SORT OF THE LIMIT OR NO
00:51:28PUN INTENDED, IS IT TAPPED OUT? YEAH.
00:51:31OH, THE MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. YEAH. YEAH.
00:51:34SO THAT'S THE RANGE OF SUGAR MAPLE. AND WITHIN THAT RANGE, I WOULD,
00:51:38I WOULD PRETTY MUCH EVERY STATE HAS SOME SORT OF, YOU KNOW, I
00:51:42WON'T SAY INDUSTRY BUT YOU KNOW
00:51:44INTEREST IN MAKING MAPLE SIRUP OHIO ONE TIME WAS ONE OF THE
00:51:47LARGEST PRODUCERS OF MAPLE SIRUP IN THE NATION.
00:51:51YOU COULD IMAGINE BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, LATE 1800S, A LOT OF FARMS ACTUALLY HAVE A LOT OF SUGAR
00:51:55MAPLE THERE AS WELL. WEST VIRGINIA HAS SEEN A REBIRTH
00:51:59OF SUGARING IN THE APPALACHIANS.
00:52:01AND SO THEY CERTAINLY THERE
00:52:07CERTAINLY IS THAT GROWTH. AND WE SEE IT THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE RANGE.
00:52:11OBVIOUSLY, NOT EVERY SINGLE SUGAR MAKE MAPLE IS TAPPED.
00:52:13NEW YORK STATE WOULD BE BY FAR THE BIGGEST PRODUCER OF MAPLE
00:52:18SIRUP IF EVERY SINGLE TREE WAS TAP BECAUSE THEY HAVE MORE
00:52:20MAPLES THAN VERMONT DOES OR NEW HAMPSHIRE DOES LIKE THAT.
00:52:25YEAH, I'VE OR WE'VE NOTICED
00:52:28QUITE A BIT OF STRESS IN THE TREES AND BEECH TREES AND ASH
00:52:31TREES IS MAPLE TREE SUSCEPTIBLE
00:52:33TO ANY KIND OF STRESS PROJECTED OR HOW IS THAT?
00:52:38YEAH. YEAH. WHAT'S HAPPENING THERE? YEAH. SO WITH, WITH ASH AND BEECH,
00:52:42THOSE ARE 2 TO 2 SPECIES THAT ARE EXPERIENCING SOME NON-NATIVE
00:52:47PATHOGENS. SO EMERALD ASH BORER, VERY COMMON ONE, ESPECIALLY IN THE CONQUERED AREA, HAS BEEN HERE
00:52:50FOR YEARS AND SO YOU HAVE A 13 THAT'S A NON-NATIVE INVASIVE
00:52:54BEETLE THAT'S KILLING THE ASH AND THEN BEECH FOR VERY LONG AND
00:52:58HAS HAD BEECH BARK DISEASE.
00:53:00BUT NOW RECENTLY HAS BEECH LEAF DISEASE.
00:53:03AND SO THAT TREE IS IT'S
00:53:06UNCERTAIN WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THAT TREE. BUT THAT THAT'S A NON-NATIVE.
00:53:09WELL IN THE CASE OF BEECH LEAF DISEASE, THAT'S A NEMATODE.
00:53:11IT'S A MICROSCOPIC ROUNDWORM THAT THAT AFFECTS THE BUDS OF
00:53:15THE BEACH TREES. THAT'S WHAT CAUSED THAT CAUSES THAT DECLINE.
00:53:19AND THAT CAME OUT OF NOWHERE. WE JUST LIKE IF YOU SHOWED UP ONE DAY.
00:53:23AND SO WITH GLOBAL TRADE AND
00:53:25PEOPLE MOVING AROUND EVERYWHERE, IT'S IT'S TOUGH TO CONTROL WHAT
00:53:29COMES IN AND OUT OF THE UNITED STATES IN TERMS OF THAT BECAUSE
00:53:32WE ARE ALSO SETTING OUR DISEASES AND PESTS TO OTHER PARTS OF THE
00:53:36WORLD AS WELL. AND SO THERE'S NOTHING ON THE
00:53:39HORIZON RIGHT NOW. THERE'S NOTHING LIKE IN OHIO THAT WE'RE WORRIED ABOUT COMING.
00:53:43THE ONLY THING THAT WOULD BE A BIG CONCERN IS ASIAN LONGHORNED
00:53:45BEETLE AND SO THAT'S BEEN AROUND THE UNITED STATES FOR QUITE A WHILE NOW.
00:53:49WORCESTER HAD AN OUTBREAK THAT WAS THE CLOSEST ONE.
00:53:51AND THAT OUTBREAK WAS CONTAINED. IT'S A BIG BEETLE.
00:53:54IT DOESN'T MOVE VERY FAR IF YOU'RE FAMILIAR WITH A PINE
00:53:58SAWYER BEETLE, THAT'S THAT'S
00:54:00WHAT WE IT'S A NATIVE COUSIN OF THE PINE SORRY, BEETLES, NATIVE TO NEW HAMPSHIRE, BUT LOOKS JUST
00:54:04LIKE IT. BIG, BIG BEETLE. AND SO THAT'S.
00:54:07THAT'S BEETLE. THAT WOULD REALLY IMPACT SUGAR. MAPLE.
00:54:10BUT THAT'S ONE THAT HAS A BRIGHT SIDE BECAUSE IT CAN BE CONTROLLED WITH THE RIGHT RIGHT
00:54:14PRACTICE. BUT YEAH, WE DON'T KNOW ANYTHING
00:54:16AT THIS POINT, SO WE'LL JUST KNOCK ON WOOD.
00:54:20YEAH, YEAH. SO I HAVE A GOOD QUESTION
00:54:22BECAUSE I FOUND THAT FASCINATING.
00:54:25YOUR SAPLING EFFORT WITH THE STATE OF VERMONT OR WHOEVER DID IT IN VERMONT.
00:54:29WHAT DO YOU FIND OF THE MATURATION OF THE TREES ONCE
00:54:33THEY HAVE BEEN USED UP AS
00:54:36SAPLING SAP PRODUCERS? YEAH.
00:54:39YEAH, YOU IMAGINE SO IF YOU EVER IF YOU HAVE A TREE LIKE THAT, YOU KNOW, THAT'S QUITE OFTEN
00:54:43BELOW THE CUT THERE'S A EXPLODE OF NEW GROWTH THAT COMES OUT.
00:54:47THE OTHER PART WHEN YOU CUT TREE LIKE THAT TOO IS THAT THERE'S
00:54:50SOME CALLOUS WITH IT THAT GETS CREATED BY THE WOOD JUST DRYING
00:54:53OUT BECAUSE THERE'S THAT WOUND THAT'S THERE.
00:54:55SO PROBABLY ABOUT 8 TO 12IN FROM
00:54:58THAT CUT DOWN IS DEAD AS WELL.
00:55:00AND SO SO EVERY TIME YOU CUT THAT TREE, IT'S GETTING SHORTER
00:55:04AND SHORTER. BUT THE IDEA IS THAT YOU
00:55:06CULTIVATE OTHER SPROUTS FROM THAT ROOT SYSTEM.
00:55:09SO YOU'RE ACTUALLY, IN THEORY, MAY HAVE SOMETHING TO WORK WITH
00:55:12FOR A VERY LONG TIME VERSUS JUST LIKE FIVE YEARS OF JUST CUTTING IT DOWN FIVE FEET.
00:55:17BUT THAT REALLY HAS A FULLY BEEN
00:55:19DEVELOPED JUST BECAUSE THAT THAT THAT TAPPING TECHNIQUE WAS JUST
00:55:22LIKE PROOF OF CONCEPT TYPE OF DEAL WITH THAT JUST TO SEE IF IT WOULD WORK OUT OF CURIOSITY WITH
00:55:27THAT. YEAH SO IT'S A WILD IT'S A WILD CONCEPT. HERE WE HAVE A QUESTION OVER
00:55:32HERE THAT'S I HEAR.
00:55:37YOU GUYS THERE IS A VERY AMUSING
00:55:42FOLK SONG ABOUT MAPLE SIRUP SUGARING.
00:55:45AND THE FIRST LINE IS DOUBLE LOOP.
00:55:48BUBBLE, BUBBLE, BUBBLE GOES TO SERVE IN THE PAN MAKING MAPLE
00:55:54SIRUP IF YOU CAN. AND YOU CAN PROBABLY FIND IT ON
00:55:58YOUTUBE. OKAY. YEAH, GREAT. THANKS. YEAH, THANKS FOR THAT.
00:56:02MY FAVORITE SUGARING SONG IS PETE SEEGER'S MAPLE SIRUP TIME.
00:56:05UNLESS YOU EVER HEARD THAT ONE. THAT'S A GREAT IF YOU.
00:56:09WELL, I'M DRIVING MY SAP TRUCK AROUND USER WILL LISTEN TO THAT
00:56:12SO YEAH THAT'S A GOOD ONE IF YOU HAVEN'T HEARD THAT ONE UP. YEAH. GOOD.
00:56:18OKAY. GREAT. OKAY. WELL, THANK YOU.
00:56:22OH, YEAH, YEAH.
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00:58:58WELL,