Original Broadcaster Captioning (Enhanced). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:01YOUR ISSUE AND STRENGTHEN YOUR DOCUMENTARY BY INCLUDING C-SPAN
00:00:04VIDEO CLIPS AVAILABLE TO DOWNLOAD FOR FREE AT STUDENT CAM
00:00:08DOT ORG. C-SPAN WILL AWARD $100,000 IN
00:00:10TOTAL CASH PRIZES TO STUDENTS
00:00:13AND TEACHERS, INCLUDING A $5,000 GRAND PRIZE.
00:00:16BE SURE TO SUBMIT YOUR DOCUMENTARY BY JANUARY 20TH,
00:00:202027, FOR OFFICIAL RULES AND EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO GET
00:00:24STARTED. VISIT STUDENT CAM FOR YOUR VOICE MATTERS.
00:00:28YOUR IDEAS MATTER.
00:00:28NOW IT'S TIME TO MAKE YOUR CASE.
00:00:32AND NOW A DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN
00:00:35WAR ZONES FEATURING REMARKS FROM
00:00:37A FORMER TOP MILITARY OFFICIALS WHO ALSO ADDRESS THE USE OF
00:00:41DRONES AND WHETHER I COULD AFFECT CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
00:00:44AMONG SERVICE MEMBERS FROM THE ATLANTIC COUNCIL.
00:00:46IT'S AN HOUR, 15 MINUTES.
00:00:50GOOD AFTERNOON. MY NAME IS TRUST AGAIN LOVE.
00:00:53AND I'M ACTING SENIOR DIRECTOR AND SENIOR FELLOW OF THE
00:00:57ATLANTIC COUNCIL, SCOWCROFT CENTER FOR STRATEGY AND SECURITY.
00:01:01CONVENING SUCH AS THESE ARE INTEGRAL TO THE SCOWCROFT
00:01:04CENTER'S MISSION OF DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE, NONPARTISAN
00:01:08STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THE MOST IMPORTANT SECURITY CHALLENGES
00:01:11FACING THE UNITED STATES AND ITS ALLIES.
00:01:14WITHIN THE SCOWCROFT CENTER, THE FORD DEFENSE PROGRAM DEVELOPS
00:01:17AND SHAPES POLICY SOLUTIONS THAT BUILD U.S. MILITARY POWER TO
00:01:20DETER WAR AND SECURE THE FUTURE.
00:01:24I'M PLEASED TODAY TO LAUNCH THE FORD DEFENSE PROGRAM'S NEW
00:01:26REPORT, TITLED A.I. AND AUTONOMY
00:01:29IN THE CONTESTED OPERATIONS.
00:01:31WE THANK OUR SPONSOR, MANY OF
00:01:33WHOM ARE HERE TODAY FOR SUPPORTING THIS CRITICAL TOPIC.
00:01:37OVER THE NEXT HOUR, THIS PANEL WILL DISCUSS WHAT IT TAKES TO
00:01:40MOVE A.I. FROM THE LAB TO OPERATIONS.
00:01:44WE KNOW MANY SYSTEMS THAT USE
00:01:46A.I. DEPEND ON CONNECTIVITY TO
00:01:48CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE OR LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS.
00:01:51AND THESE CONNECTIONS CAN FALTER
00:01:53OR DISAPPEAR ENTIRELY IN THE FIELD, AS WE'RE SEEING IN
00:01:58UKRAINE, OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGE WILL INCREASINGLY DEPEND ON
00:02:01SYSTEMS THAT MUST KEEP WORKING WHEN CONNECTIVITY IS LOST OR
00:02:05DISRUPTED. THIS IS A CHALLENGE AT THE HEART
00:02:08OF THIS BRIEF MILITARY. LEADERS SHOULD EXPECT TO OPERATE
00:02:11IN DENIED, DEGRADED, INTERMITTENT AND LIMITED
00:02:15ENVIRONMENT USE AND SHOULD NOT TREAT THOSE CONDITIONS AS AN OUTLIER.
00:02:18BETTER TECHNOLOGY ALONE WILL NOT
00:02:20SOLVE THIS PROBLEM.
00:02:22WE MUST ALSO REFORM TRAINING AUTHORITIES AND CONCEPTS TO
00:02:26ENSURE SHOULDER SOLDIERS AND COMMANDERS WILL HAVE TRUST THAT
00:02:29THESE SYSTEMS WILL EFFECTIVELY
00:02:31AND SAFELY WORK WHEN IT COUNTS.
00:02:33THIS BRIEF TAKES UP THOSE QUESTIONS DIRECTLY AND OFFERS
00:02:37CONCRETE RECOMMENDATIONS AS THE PENTAGON MOVES TOWARDS BROADER
00:02:41ADOPTION. OUR PANEL IS EXACTLY THE GROUP
00:02:43TO DISCUSS THEM, MUTTERING
00:02:45TODAY'S CONVERSATION WILL BE FOR
00:02:48DEFENSE DIRECTOR JOE COSTA. JOE, OVER TO YOU.
00:02:52THANK YOU, PROFESSOR. THANK YOU ALL FOR COMING TODAY.
00:02:54I TRIES TO MENTION I MANAGE THE FORWARD DEFENSE PROGRAM HERE
00:02:57UNDER THE SCOWCROFT CENTER. WE HAVE A VERY DISTINGUISHED
00:03:01PANEL TO ADDRESS SOME OF THESE QUESTIONS.
00:03:04I'M GOING TO FIRST START WITH AN INTRODUCTION. I'LL ASK A FEW QUESTIONS.
00:03:07GO TILL ABOUT 445, AND THEN WE'LL OPEN UP FOR 15 MINUTES FOR
00:03:11Q&A FROM THE AUDIENCE SITTING TO
00:03:13MY FAR LEFT.
00:03:15GENERAL JAMES CARTWRIGHT SERVED AS THE EIGHTH VICE CHAIRMAN OF
00:03:19THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, THE SECOND HIGHEST RANKING MILITARY
00:03:22OFFICIAL WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WAS THE COMMANDER OF
00:03:25U.S. STRATEGIC COMMAND AND SERVED OUR COUNTRY IN UNIFORM AS
00:03:28A MARINE FOR NEARLY 40 YEARS. AND OF COURSE, HIS MORE
00:03:32IMPORTANT ROLE AS ATLANTIC COUNCIL BOARD MEMBER.
00:03:35THANK YOU, SIR, FOR BEING HERE.
00:03:36LIEUTENANT GENERAL DAVID HARRIS
00:03:39SERVED FOR OVER 30 YEARS IN THE
00:03:42UNITED STATES AIR FORCE UNTIL HIS RETIREMENT ONLY FOUR MONTHS AGO.
00:03:46SO HE'S GETTING USED TO WEARING A NEW TYPE OF UNIFORM HERE.
00:03:48HE LAST SERVED AS DEPUTY CHIEF
00:03:51OF STAFF OF AIR FORCE FUTURES,
00:03:53WHICH IS THE SENIOR AIR FORCE
00:03:55LEADER RESPONSIBLE FOR STRATEGY,
00:03:57INTEGRATION AND REQUIRE MENTS. ALSO HAS I SAW 2500 FLIGHT HOURS
00:04:01AND SERVED MULTIPLE MISSIONS. SO THANK YOU, SIR, AS WELL FOR
00:04:05YOUR SERVICE AND BEING HERE. AND OWEN DANIELS TO MY LEFT,
00:04:08NONRESIDENT SENIOR FELLOW. HERE IS PART OF THE FORD DEFENSE
00:04:13PROGRAM AND HE'S ALSO AN ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF ANALYSIS.
00:04:15AND ANDREW MARSHALL, FELLOW AT GEORGETOWN CENTER FOR SECURITY
00:04:18AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY, WHERE HE WORKS ON ARTIFICIAL
00:04:21INTELLIGENCE AND GOVERNANCE ISSUE.
00:04:24AND I WOULD BE REMISS IF I DID NOT SAY HE HAS A GREAT
00:04:28FORTHCOMING BOOK COMING OUT CALLED I AND THE FUTURE OF WAR.
00:04:30SO THESE TOPICS INTEREST YOU. PLEASE GO OUT AND BUY THE BOOK
00:04:35WITH WITH THAT, I'M GOING TO
00:04:38KICK OFF WITH A FEW QUESTIONS AND I'LL JUST NOTE THAT ASK AC
00:04:41DAWG IS THE WEBSITE TO ASK YOUR
00:04:43QUESTIONS WHEN WE GET THERE AT 445 AND OF COURSE WILL TAKE SOME
00:04:47QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE AS WELL.
00:04:49THE BRIEF ARGUES THAT WE WILL
00:04:53PUT OUT ON THE WEBSITE TODAY THAT THE U.S. MILITARY SHOULD
00:04:56PRESUME MOST OPERATIONS WILL OCCUR IN CONTESTED, LOW
00:05:02CONNECTED CITY ENVIRONMENTS OR WHAT WE CALL DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTS DENIED, DEGRADED,
00:05:06INTIMATE AND LIMITED, WHICH OF COURSE CAN HAPPEN FROM ADVERSARY INTENT OR SOMETIMES THROUGH
00:05:11CONGESTION OF OUR OWN SYSTEMS. GENERAL CARTER, LET ME START WITH YOU.
00:05:14CAN YOU PLEASE DESCRIBE WHAT WE
00:05:17MEAN BY DETAIL ENVIRONMENT FOR SOME OF OUR LISTENERS RIGHT NOW?
00:05:21AND SPECIFICALLY HOW IT IMPACTS
00:05:23HOW WE THINK OF BUILDING AND
00:05:26DEPLOYING A.I. IN THE FIELD. SURE.
00:05:29YOU COULD WRITE A NOVEL ON THIS,
00:05:33BUT I THINK THE FIRST THING TO
00:05:37UNDERSTAND HERE IS THAT THE IDEA
00:05:38OF DENIAL LIED AND DELAYED AND
00:05:42AND ALL OF THOSE ATTRIBUTES IS NOT NEW.
00:05:48IT'S BEEN AROUND EVER SINCE. WARFARE SPIN AROUND. OKAY.
00:05:51AND IT'S BEEN ON BOTH THE OFFENSIVE AND THE DEFENSIVE
00:05:55SIDE, SO TO SPEAK, DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU SIT. SO THAT'S NOT NEW.
00:05:59WHAT IS FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT
00:06:01HERE IN THE TECHNOLOGY THAT
00:06:03THAT'S EMERGING THROUGH A.I. IS
00:06:07HOW WE BOTH PLAN AND OPERATE
00:06:10THROUGH THAT KIND OF AN ENVIRONMENT. NUMBER ONE.
00:06:13NUMBER TWO, IN PLANNING, IT'S
00:06:16ALWAYS BEEN THE CASE THAT YOU
00:06:18ASSUME THAT IT WILL BE THERE NO MATTER, YOU KNOW, WHAT
00:06:22GENERATION YOU CAME FROM, WHAT WAR YOU MIGHT HAVE HAD
00:06:26EXPERIENCE IN ITS PLAN FOR IT.
00:06:30BUT PROBABLY THE FREQUENCY AND THE DEPTH OF IT HAS NEVER BEEN
00:06:33AS HIGH AS AS IT IS FOR TODAY'S
00:06:37WARS. OKAY. SO YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT
00:06:39SOMETHING THAT HAS GENERATED
00:06:43SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST,
00:06:45SUBSTANTIAL LEVERAGE FOR BOTH SIDES OF THE FIGHT.
00:06:48AND IT'S NOT A STATIC ACTIVITY.
00:06:51SO COULD COULD HAVE BEEN YEARS
00:06:54AGO, YOU KNOW, THROUGH A TENT OR A BLANKET OVER MY TANK.
00:06:57AND AND NOBODY COULD SEE IT FROM THE AIR. AND THEN I, YOU KNOW, GOT A
00:07:00CHANCE TO SHOOT AND SURVIVE FOR A WHILE LONGER OR WHATEVER THE
00:07:06SOPHISTICATION IN TODAY IS FAR GREATER.
00:07:10AND I DON'T WANT TO GEEK OUT ON
00:07:11THIS TOO MUCH, BUT, YOU KNOW, WE
00:07:14WE LOOK AT THE BATTLES SPACE IN
00:07:17A WAY THAT ACKNOWLEDGES THE
00:07:21SOPHISTICATION AND THE SPEED AND
00:07:23THE PRECISION WITH WHICH WE ARE MOVING THROUGH IT.
00:07:27THE BATTLE SPACE IS FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT AND IT'S BEEN CHANGING.
00:07:30TODAY WE ASSUME ANY PLACE ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH, WE ALL KNOW
00:07:34POSITION, NAVIGATION AND TIMING BECAUSE OF GPS. OKAY.
00:07:39YOU CAN GO BACK EVEN TO THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST GULF WAR.
00:07:42THAT WAS NOT THE CASE.
00:07:44YOU KNOW, YOU STOOD AT THE LINE OF DEPARTURE AND PEOPLE WERE
00:07:47HANDING OUT MAPS THAT YOU COULD SOMEHOW NAVIGATE THE MOGULS OF
00:07:51SAND AND TELL ONE FROM THE OTHER, WHICH NEVER REALLY WORKED
00:07:55OUT ALL THAT WAY. YOU JUST KIND OF WENT BECAUSE IT
00:07:56WAS VERY DIFFICULT AND YOU DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WAS ON YOUR LEFT.
00:08:00YOU DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WAS ON YOUR RIGHT. ALL OF THOSE THINGS WERE DIFFICULT AT THAT TIME, BUT NOW
00:08:04IT'S THERE. YOU DON'T HAVE TO PREPARE FOR IT. YOU DON'T HAVE TO HOPE THAT IT'S GOING TO BE THERE.
00:08:09BUT IT IS POSSIBLE. IT IS.
00:08:11JAMBOL DENIED. YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE TO THINK
00:08:14ABOUT ALL OF THOSE. AND THE SERVICES HAVE DONE A FANTASTIC JOB OF BOTH.
00:08:19TRAIN ING PEOPLE AND CREATING THE EQUIPMENT THAT GIVES
00:08:22GRACEFUL DEGRADATION, GIVES YOU THE IDEA AND UNDERSTANDING THAT
00:08:25IT'S GOING TO HAPPEN. IT'S PROBABLY HAPPENING TO YOU
00:08:28AND ENOUGH BACKUPS, PHENOMENOLOGY TO LOOK AT TO SAY,
00:08:32OKAY, THAT'S SUPPOSED TO BE A
00:08:35TRUCK, BUT IT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE A TRUCK.
00:08:38SOMETHING'S WRONG HERE. SO NOW I'VE GOT TO THINK MY WAY THROUGH WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN.
00:08:41SO, SO YOU HAVE THAT. WHAT'S CHANGING RIGHT NOW?
00:08:47EQUALLY FAST BUT HASN'T REALLY
00:08:49COMPLETED YET, IS THE IDEA THAT
00:08:52ANY PLACE YOU GO, THE COMS WILL BE THERE. OKAY.
00:08:55THEY'RE CERTAINLY JAMBA ALL THERE.
00:08:58CERTAINLY THE ABILITY TO USE THEM FOR DECEPTION ALL SORTS OF THINGS.
00:09:02BUT IT USED TO BE CERTAINLY FOR
00:09:04MY TIME, I CAN REMEMBER WAITING
00:09:073 TO 6 MONTHS FOR A SATELLITE TO BE MOVED TO GET A FOOTPRINT
00:09:10WHERE WE NEEDED IT IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO USE IT. THAT'S JUST NOT THE CASE ANYMORE.
00:09:14YOU CAN BASICALLY COUNT ON THE FACT THAT YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE
00:09:18COMS THAT CAN REMEMBER MORE THAN
00:09:21ONCE THAT LINE OF DEPARTURE IS LISTENING TO PEOPLE SAY, OKAY,
00:09:24WHAT'S THE THINGS THAT AREN'T GOING TO WORK? COMS WAS ALWAYS FIRST.
00:09:27OKAY? THAT'S JUST NOT THE CASE ANYMORE. WE'VE GOT IT. WE'VE GOT IT.
00:09:31WE'VE GOT WORK TO DO IN IT.
00:09:33BUT IT'S BECOMING UBIQUITOUS AND
00:09:36AVAILABLE AND IT'S STARTING TO
00:09:38MOVE AND BE MORE DIGITAL IN
00:09:40NATURE AND IT'S BECAUSE OF THE
00:09:42LOW LATENCY AND AND THE CAPABILITIES THAT YOU CAN DO
00:09:45FROM LOW EARTH ORBIT. NOW, THE ABILITY TO USE THOSE IN
00:09:50FIRES IS VERY REALISTIC.
00:09:52BECAUSE OF THE LATENCY ISSUES
00:09:54ARE NOT THERE THAT WE USED TO HAVE USED TO BE OF CALLING
00:09:58SOMEBODY UP. WAIT A FEW MINUTES, YOU SPEAK, YOU WAIT. THEN THEY SPEAK.
00:10:02THAT'S JUST NOT THE CASE ANYMORE. IT'S LIKE THEY'RE SITTING RIGHT
00:10:05NEXT TO YOU. AND SO THAT KIND OF SPEED OF
00:10:10ACTION AVAILABLE ANY PLACE ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH WITH VERY
00:10:14FEW BLINKING MOUNTAINS, DON'T BLANKET BECAUSE THERE'S ONE ON THE OTHER SIDE.
00:10:17IT'S JUST BECOMING VERY, VERY RELIABLE. OKAY.
00:10:20BUT NOT GUARANTEED FOR SURE.
00:10:24AND THEN THE THIRD ACTIVITY,
00:10:25THAT'S GOING ON AND THIS IS JUST
00:10:28NOW STARTING TO EMERGE, WHICH IS COMPUTE. OKAY.
00:10:32THE ABILITY TO HAVE THE COMPUTE
00:10:34NECESSARY AND THE BANDWIDTH
00:10:36NECESSARY TO MAKE THIS GLOBALLY
00:10:40AVAILABLE READILY, THERE AND
00:10:42USABLE BY THE EDGE AT THE EDGE.
00:10:47THE EMERGENCE THAT WE'RE SEEING
00:10:49PROBABLY HERE IN THE NEXT 6 OR 7
00:10:51MONTHS WITH THE ABILITY TO USE
00:10:54YOUR CELL PHONE AND JUST NOT KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
00:10:57WHETHER YOU'RE TALKING TO A SATELLITE OR WHETHER YOU'RE TALKING TO A CELL TOWER.
00:11:00THAT KIND OF CALM AND ASSURED CALM. IT'S NOT BEEN THERE BEFORE.
00:11:04IT'S NOT BEEN THERE IN THIS FORM FACTOR.
00:11:08BUT BUT I REQUIRE HOURS, THE
00:11:11ABILITY TO BOTH COMPUTE AT THE EDGE AND BE ABLE TO SURVIVE AT
00:11:15THE EDGE WITHOUT BEING CONNECTED.
00:11:17BUT THEN ALSO TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF BEING CONNECTED TO BASICALLY
00:11:21HAVE COMMAND AND CONTROL THAT
00:11:23REACHES BACK TO HEADQUARTERS, REACHES BACK TO INTENT, ALLOWS
00:11:27YOU TO UNDERSTAND RULES OF ENGAGEMENT THAT ARE DYNAMIC AND MOVING ALL THE TIME AND ALLOWS
00:11:31YOU TO UNDERSTAND MANEUVER, SCHEME THAT IS IN MULTIPLE
00:11:37DIMENSIONS SIMULTANEOUSLY. AND SO THOSE TYPES OF THINGS
00:11:42START TO CHANGE. THE BATTLE SPACE AND OUR ABILITY TO OPERATE IN DENIED
00:11:46ENVIRONMENTS. OKAY. IT DOES NOT GUARANTEE US THAT.
00:11:49AND I THINK THE LAST THING TO ME THAT'S IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND
00:11:53IN THIS ENVIRONMENT, WHICH STARTS TO GO MORE TOWARDS THE GEEK SIDE OF THE EQUATION, BUT
00:11:57AS YOU START TO LOOK AT CHAOS
00:12:01THEORY AND SWARM THEORY, CHAOS
00:12:05BEING THAT I CAN MAKE
00:12:08PERTURBATION IN A NETWORK OR IN
00:12:10AN IN A DOMAIN, AND THAT SMALL
00:12:13PERTURBATION QUICKLY CASCADES.
00:12:16THE CHALLENGE IS YOU DON'T KNOW WHERE IT'S GOING TO CASCADE
00:12:19OFTENTIMES, AND YOU DON'T KNOW HOW LONG IT'S GOING TO PERSIST, ETC.
00:12:23BUT THOSE KINDS OF ACTIVITIES
00:12:26WITH COMPUTE, YOU START TO UNDERSTAND BOTH WHERE TO PER
00:12:30DEBATE, BUT ALSO TO WHERE TO PUT
00:12:31GUARDRAILS TO TO CORNER THINGS IN CYBER AND OTHER PLACES WHERE
00:12:35YOU'RE MOVING IT AT DECISION SPEED. THAT IS FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF
00:12:39LIGHT ON A GLOBAL SCALE.
00:12:40AND SO WHEN YOU SAY, OKAY, HOW
00:12:44ARE WE GOING TO GET COMMANDERS, FOR INSTANCE, TO START TO TRUST
00:12:48THIS WHEN THEY CAN'T EVEN PERCEIVE IT? OKAY.
00:12:52AND I GO BACK THE DOT KNOPF SIDE
00:12:55OF THIS EQUATION, WHICH IS, I
00:12:57THINK PROBABLY THE BEST THING WE HAVE GOING FOR US IS THE STEM
00:13:01GENERATION. THEY UNDERSTAND THIS. THIS MAKES SENSE TO THEM.
00:13:04THEY'RE COMFORTABLE IN THESE KINDS OF THOUGHT PROCESSES.
00:13:07THEY'RE COMFORTABLE IN THESE KINDS OF IMPROVEMENTS
00:13:10INCREMENTALLY AND QUICKLY, RISK
00:13:12FACTORS THAT ARE CONTEXTUAL TO THE SURROUNDINGS RATHER THAN
00:13:15JUST A PEANUT BUTTER SPREAD ACROSS THE EARTH. THOSE TYPES OF THINGS ARE GOING
00:13:20TO BE REALLY ADVANTAGEOUS TO US. AND YOU CAN ALREADY SEE IT IN
00:13:23THE FORCES. YOU REALLY YOU CAN ALREADY
00:13:25PERCEIVE THE DIFFERENCE IN, YOU
00:13:28KNOW, GUYS LIKE ME AND AND MAYBE
00:13:31A LITTLE BIT THIS GUY OF GOING
00:13:35THROUGH THE STAGES OF DENIAL. NOW, THIS WILL NEVER WORK TO SAY I STUFF IS CRAZY.
00:13:39WELL OKAY AS LONG AS I DON'T HAVE TO DO IT, YOU KNOW, AND YOU
00:13:42JUST KEEP WORKING YOUR WAY THROUGH UNTIL IT'S FINALLY OKAY. YOU GOT A CHOICE.
00:13:46YOU KNOW, YOU EITHER USE IT OR YOU PERISH.
00:13:51BUT MUCH OF WHAT'S HAPPENING AND
00:13:53IN THE DDL SIDE OF THIS EQUATION
00:13:56IS HAPPENING LONG BELOW THE
00:13:59ABILITY OF A HUMAN TO PERCEIVE IT.
00:14:02AND THAT'S REALLY CRITICAL TO UNDERSTAND WHY THIS IS SO
00:14:05IMPORTANT, WHY ONLY WORK IS SO IMPORTANT IN THIS AREA.
00:14:09THANK YOU VERY MUCH, SIR. AND I THINK A LOT OF THIS THE
00:14:14SPEED WITH WHICH IT'S MOVING, HOW AI IS MANIFESTING ITSELF,
00:14:17HOW COUNTRIES ARE RESPONDING
00:14:19USING EDGE COMPUTE AND VARIOUS
00:14:21WAYS WE'RE SEEING IT PLAY OUT IN IRAN AND UKRAINE.
00:14:25SO, GENERAL HARRIS, LET ME ASK YOU, AS WE THINK OF OUR
00:14:28ADVERSARIES CAPABILITIES IN THIS
00:14:30WORLD AND THE CHALLENGE OF DEPLOYING AI AND VIDEO
00:14:33ENVIRONMENTS, WHAT LESSONS CAN WE DRAW FROM OPERATION EPIC FURY
00:14:37AND WHAT WE'RE SEEING HAPPENING IN UKRAINE? JOE, THANKS.
00:14:40SO FIRST, THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME HERE TODAY.
00:14:43I THINK THE D-DAY ENVIRONMENT, THE WAY IT WAS JUST CAPTURED BY GENERAL CARTWRIGHT WAS SPOT ON.
00:14:47EVERY JUNIOR ENLISTED AND JUNIOR
00:14:49OFFICER, SENIOR OFFICER THAT'S OUT THERE.
00:14:51THIS ISN'T A NEW PHENOMENOLOGY. IT'S SOMETHING WE'VE ALL DEALT WITH.
00:14:55WE JUST HAPPENED TO CALL IT THE FOG AND FRICTION OF WAR BEFORE.
00:14:59IT'S JUST HAPPENING NOW WITH A NEW EXCEL HERING CALLED AI AND
00:15:03AUTOMATION. AND SO HOW DO WE GET MULTIPLE
00:15:06GENERATIONS FROM YOUR JUNIOR ENLISTED ALL THE WAY UP TO YOUR MOST SENIOR OFFICERS?
00:15:11UNDERSTANDING A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AND THEN DRAWING THE RIGHT CONCLUSIONS FROM IT.
00:15:15IF YOU'RE USING CLOD LIKE YOU WOULD GOOGLE, I CONTEND THAT
00:15:19YOU'RE PROBABLY IN THE WRONG ENVIRONMENT AND YOU PROBABLY HAVE ALREADY MARKED YOURSELF IN ONE OF THOSE DEMOGRAPHICS THAT I
00:15:23JUST TALKED ABOUT VERSUS SOMEBODY THAT'S OUT THERE
00:15:26ACTUALLY APPLYING THE AI TOOLS IN THE WAY THEY NEED TO BE.
00:15:29AND THE WAY THAT THIS UNFOLDED. AND I THINK A GREAT EXAMPLE OF THIS IS EPIC FURY.
00:15:33SO ON THE OPENING DAYS OF EPIC FURY, MOST OF THOSE TARGETS WERE
00:15:38STATIC TARGETS. WE HAD BEEN LOOKING AT IT. WE KNEW WHERE THEY WERE.
00:15:41YOU COULD USE AI FOR THE WEAPON
00:15:43TARGET PAIRING TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAD THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION ON THEIR. ALL OF THOSE THINGS WERE
00:15:49RELEVANT. BUT THEN AS SOON AS THINGS KICKED OFF AND IT BECAME A
00:15:53DYNAMIC TARGET ENVIRONMENT, NOW IS WHEN YOU REALLY SEE THE POWER
00:15:56OF AI COMING TOGETHER AND HARNESSING A LOT OF WHAT YOU SEE
00:16:00AND NOW COMPARE AND CONTRAST THAT WITH UKRAINE. BUT FOR THAT DYNAMIC TARGET
00:16:04PICTURE, IT'S WHERE ARE THEY? SO AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE
00:16:08BATTLE SPACE THAT YOU'RE IN. AND THIS IS WHERE I REALLY BEGAN TO EXCEL. AND IT DID NOT ONLY EXCEL IN THE
00:16:12STRIKE SIDE, ON THE LOGISTICS SIDE, WITH U.S. TRANSCOM AS
00:16:16ACCESS BASING AND OVERFLIGHT BECAME A LITTLE BIT MORE RESTRICTED.
00:16:19IT WAS AIR TOOLS THAT WERE USED AT HEADQUARTERS TRANSCOM TO
00:16:23BEGIN LOOKING AT DIFFERENT PLACES FOR US TO BASE AND MOVE
00:16:26LOGISTICS TO AND FROM THAT THEATER.
00:16:30INCREDIBLY HELPFUL. BUT REALLY WHAT IT DID IS IT HELPED US MAINTAIN THAT TEMPO OF
00:16:34OPERATIONS THAT WE NEEDED TO. AND I THINK WHAT'S INTERESTING
00:16:37NOW IS AND IT'S JUST A THEORY OR
00:16:41AN IDEA, BUT IT GOT US TO A CERTAIN POINT AND WE'VE
00:16:43PLATEAUED RIGHT NOW. SO HOW DOES IT HELP IN THE BLOCKADE?
00:16:47HOW DOES IT HELP WITH DYNAMIC TARGETING? THESE ARE NOW AREAS WITHIN AI
00:16:51AND AUTONOMY THAT I THINK THAT AT LEAST OUR UNDERSTANDING OF IT
00:16:53HAS HAS PLATEAUED. AND WE'RE STARTING TO LEARN DIFFERENT WAYS IN WHICH TO EMPLOY AI.
00:16:57AND I'M HERE TO TELL YOU, IT'S NOT YOUR SENIOR OFFICERS THAT
00:17:00ARE SITTING UP ON THE STAGE TO UNDERSTAND THIS. IT'S A LOT OF YOUR JUNIOR
00:17:04ENLISTED AND JUNIOR OFFICERS THAT ARE FIGURING THIS OUT IN A
00:17:07REAL TIME MODE. BUT THAT SAME PIECE ABOUT
00:17:10UNDERSTANDING WHAT PROBLEM SETS THAT WE NEED TO UNCOVER AND THEN
00:17:13TACKLE IS THE SAME LESSON THAT I CONTEND THAT WE'RE LEARNING IN
00:17:16UKRAINE RIGHT NOW. FOR THEM, IT'S UKRAINE'S JOB
00:17:20RIGHT NOW FOR EVERY MINUTE OF EVERY HOUR OF EVERY DAY TO
00:17:23OUTWIT AND OUTSMART THE RUSSIANS AND TO STAY AHEAD OF WHERE THEY'RE AT.
00:17:27AND THIS IS REALLY WHERE THEY'RE STARTING TO USE A LOT OF AI, A
00:17:30LITTLE BIT OF AUTOMATION, BUT A LOT OF AI TO REALLY START
00:17:34UNDERSTANDING WHAT'S HAPPENING NEXT.
00:17:36THEY'LL SEND A WAVE OF DRONES
00:17:38OUT ON THESE LONGER RANGE ATTACKS THAT WE'RE SEEING AND THEY'RE ACTUALLY GETTING DATA TO
00:17:43COME BACK AND FEED IN NEW METHODS AND NEW ALGORITHMS AND
00:17:47WHAT MIGHT BE IN ONE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM THAT WE SEND SOMETHING
00:17:50IN THAT RUSSIA HAS NOW OPTIMIZED FOR, THE NEXT WAVE HAPPENS TO BE
00:17:54IN A DIFFERENT FREQUENCY SPECTRUM. SO YOU CAN BOUNCE BACK AND FORTH.
00:17:56SO WE'RE STARTING TO SEE A LITTLE BIT OF THIS ADVANTAGE PLAY OUT.
00:18:00THE SCARY PART IS RUSSIA'S CATCHING UP PRETTY QUICK AND
00:18:03THEY'RE STARTING TO FIGURE OUT THE SAME IDEAS. AND I THINK ON THE NEWS
00:18:06RECENTLY, WE'VE SEEN MULTIPLE STRIKES GOING BACK INTO KIEV. ONE OF THE INTERESTING STORIES I
00:18:10LIKE TO TELL AND I THINK IT'S IT HAPPENED ABOUT 18 MONTHS AGO, IS
00:18:15A GROUP OF THREE DOCTORS HAD INVESTED THEIR OWN MONEY AROUND
00:18:19KIEV AND PUT IPHONES UP ON LIKE
00:18:21A 18 FOOT POLE AND THEN
00:18:23CONNECTED THAT TO AN IPAD ON ONE OF THE TRIPLE A ARTILLERY PIECES.
00:18:27AND WHAT THEY WERE DOING WAS OPTIMIZING THOSE IPHONES FOR
00:18:32ACOUSTICS, SIGNATURES OF LISTENING FOR SOME OF THOSE ONE WAY ATTACK DRONES COMING IN AND
00:18:35THEN FROM THERE FEEDING IT INTO THAT CENTRAL IPAD.
00:18:38SO YOU'RE STARTING TO SEE A LEVEL OF CONNECTEDNESS HAPPEN
00:18:42ACROSS THE FORCE AT A LOWER LEVEL.
00:18:44SO FOR A FEW THOUSAND DOLLARS, THEY'RE PUTTING A LOW TECH
00:18:48SOLUTION AGAINST A LOW TECH PROBLEM. INSTEAD OF FIRING OFF THE $3.3
00:18:52MILLION PATRIOT TO INTERCEPT EVERY $40,000 DRONE THAT'S GOING OUT THERE.
00:18:57SO I DO THINK THAT REALLY WHAT IT'S DOING IS IT'S HELPING US
00:19:00LEAPFROG IN GENERATIONAL TERMS. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WE'RE
00:19:03GETTING AFTER FASTER? AND THEN HOW DO WE FIND SOLUTIONS THAT'S EVEN FASTER TO
00:19:07GET AFTER IT? THANK YOU, SIR. AND IT'S A REMINDER OF ALL THE
00:19:10TALK OF HOW READINESS IS BEING DEGRADED WITH OPERATION EPIC
00:19:13FAIRY, WHICH IS THE CASE IN SOME CASES. WE'RE ALSO LEARNING A LOT, TOO, IN A WAY THAT IMPROVES
00:19:17READINESS. ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THIS EQUATION.
00:19:19AND LET ME TURN TO YOU. YOU'RE THE LEAD AUTHOR OF THIS REPORT.
00:19:23WHAT DID THE RESEARCH REVEAL TO
00:19:27YOU THROUGHOUT THIS STUDY ON WHERE THE PENTAGON IS TODAY IN
00:19:30TERMS FIELDING AN EYE FOR DETAIL ENVIRONMENTS AND WHERE IT NEEDS TO GO?
00:19:36YES, I THINK WHAT WAS VERY APPARENT THROUGHOUT THE COURSE,
00:19:39THE RESEARCH AS NEW POLICIES CONTINUED TO COME OUT RIGHT, IS
00:19:43THAT THE TECHNO TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IS ADVANCING REALLY
00:19:47QUICKLY IN THIS SPACE. AND SO POLICY IS BEING
00:19:50FORMULATED TO KEEP UP REALLY RAPIDLY.
00:19:52AND SO EARLIER THIS YEAR, WE HAD
00:19:55THE AI ACCELERATE STRATEGY RELEASED BY THE DEPARTMENT.
00:19:59AND I THINK THERE ARE A LOT OF POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS TO DRAW
00:20:02FROM WHAT'S HAPPENING AT THE DEPARTMENT WIDE LEVEL.
00:20:05SO AS I DISCUSS IN THE REPORT, I
00:20:08THINK THE MORE AND BETTER OPPORTUNITIES WE CAN HAVE TO
00:20:12INCORPORATE WARFIGHTER FEEDBACK INTO AI SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
00:20:15THROUGHOUT THE AI LIFECYCLE IS REALLY IMPERATIVE.
00:20:19AND SO WE'VE SEEN PROGRAMS LIKE SWARM FORGE AND THUNDER FORGE,
00:20:23WHERE PROTOTYPING IS A REALLY IMPORTANT ASPECT WHERE
00:20:27WARFIGHTERS ARE GIVING FEEDBACK DIRECTLY TO DEVELOPERS.
00:20:30FOR INSTANCE, THROUGH THE CRUCIBLE DEMOS THAT HAVE BEEN
00:20:34CONTINUING TO TO THAT ARE ONGOING.
00:20:38AND SO GETTING THAT ITERATIVE
00:20:40FEEDBACK ABOUT WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOESN'T WORK.
00:20:43CLOSING THE LOOP ON HOW LONG IT TAKES TO INCORPORATE THAT
00:20:46FEEDBACK INTO DESIGN IS PRETTY IMPERATIVE.
00:20:49I THINK THE NEXT STEPS FOR THE
00:20:51DEPARTMENT REALLY STEM FROM BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN WHERE THE TECHNOLOGY IS AND HOW THEY
00:20:55WANT IT TO BE ADOPTED AND THE
00:20:59IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY THAT'S COMING OUT OF THE DEPARTMENT.
00:21:03SO FOR A LONG TIME THE US DEPARTMENT AWARDS, DEPARTMENT OF
00:21:06DEFENSE HAS BEEN AT THE CUTTING EDGE WHEN IT COMES TO THINKING THROUGH INTEGRATION WITH
00:21:12WARFIGHTERS, THROUGH PRACTICES LIKE OPERATIONAL TEST AND
00:21:14EVALUATION FOR V. LAST YEAR, THE DEPARTMENT
00:21:19RELEASED ITS AI ASSURANCE FRAMEWORK FOR PILLARS, INCLUDING
00:21:22AMONG THEM INTEGRATION WITH LEGACY SYSTEMS, HUMAN FACTORS, TESTING.
00:21:26THIS STUFF IS REALLY IMPERATIVE
00:21:27TO ENSURING THAT CALIBRATED
00:21:31TRUST CAN BE ACHIEVED BY WARFIGHTERS IN THE SYSTEMS THAT THEY'RE GOING TO USE AND
00:21:36INCORPORATE A.I., PARTICULARLY INTO NODE ENVIRONMENTS, BECAUSE
00:21:39THAT IS WHERE SOME OF THE DECISION MAKING PRESSURE TO USE THESE TOOLS IS GOING TO BE
00:21:42GREATEST. AND SO THAT FRAMEWORK IS
00:21:46COMPARATIVELY NEW SINCE IT WAS OUT LAST YEAR. I THINK A PRIORITY FOR THE
00:21:50DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE NOT TREATING THAT TESTING AND
00:21:52EVALUATION TYPE WORK OR HUMAN FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS
00:21:56THROUGHOUT THE LIFECYCLE AS A HANDBRAKE, BUT RATHER TREATING
00:22:00THEM AS GUARDRAILS THAT CAN ENABLE US TO GO FASTER WHEN IT COMES TO INNOVATING IN THE
00:22:06MILITARY AIR SPACE, PARTICULARLY WITH REGARD TO CONTESTED ENVIRONMENTS.
00:22:10THANK YOU. I'D LIKE TO TURN TO THE TOPIC OF
00:22:14TRUST WE SEE BOTH IN POLLING BROADLY LACK OF TRUST IN AI AND
00:22:17THE AMERICAN PUBLIC, BUT SPECIFICALLY IN THE MILITARY
00:22:21CONTEXT. COMMAND DOES NEED TO TRUST THAT
00:22:25THIS IS GOING TO WORK. HE TALKED ABOUT DYNAMIC TARGETING.
00:22:29ARE WE GOING TO HIT THE TARGETS THAT WE'RE ACTUALLY AIMING AT? LIVES ARE ON THE LINE HERE.
00:22:33THE STAKES ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN WE THINK OF SOMETIMES IN THE
00:22:36COMMERCIAL WORLD. AND SOLDIERS, AS YOU WERE MENTIONING.
00:22:40OH, AND THEY MUST TRUST THAT THEIR EQUIPMENT IS GOING TO WORK
00:22:43AS INTENDED IN THE FIGHT. AND WE ALSO KNOW THAT OUR
00:22:47ADVERSARIES, THROUGH VARIOUS
00:22:49METHODS, ARE GOING TO TRY TO
00:22:51IMPACT OUR SYSTEMS NEGATIVELY IN MANY WAYS.
00:22:54AS YOU SAID, GENERAL CARTWRIGHT, THAT WE CANNOT PERCEIVE.
00:22:58ARE WE GETTING THE RIGHT DATA AND INFORMATION?
00:23:00IS IT ACCURATE IN THE BRIEF WE
00:23:02TALKED, WE REFER TO A TERM CALLED JUSTIFIED CONFIDENCE AT
00:23:06THE SHOOT OR DON'T SHOOT MOMENT WHEN A SYSTEM MIGHT BE OPERATING
00:23:09NEAR THE EDGE OF ITS COMPETENCY
00:23:11WITHOUT RELIABLY TELLING THE OPERATOR.
00:23:14AND SO MY QUESTION, I'LL START WITH YOU AGAIN, GENERAL
00:23:17CARTWRIGHT, IS WHAT ARE THE MOST
00:23:20CONCERNING CHALLENGES FOR A
00:23:22COMMANDER TO CONSIDER AS WE
00:23:25THINK OF DEPLOYING A AI IN DDL
00:23:27ENVIRONMENTS COMPARED TO OTHER
00:23:31TECHNOLOGIES?
00:23:32I THINK PROBABLY ONE I MIGHT
00:23:36TAKE THE WORD AND AND SHIFTED TO RISK.
00:23:40YES, IT'S CONFIDENCE.
00:23:43IT'S YES, IT'S TRUST. ALL OF THOSE THINGS.
00:23:46BUT BUT IT IS NOT UNIFORM ACROSS
00:23:52THE SPECTRUM OF CONFLICT. OKAY. AND SO IF YOU'RE IN A
00:23:57HEADQUARTERS AND YOU'RE BUILDING A NEW WIDGET, WHATEVER THAT
00:23:59WIDGET IS, THE TOLERANCE FOR
00:24:01ANYTHING THAT WON'T DO WHAT IT'S
00:24:03SUPPOSED TO DO IS PRETTY MUCH ZERO. OKAY?
00:24:07IN THE FIELD, IT'S NOT THAT WAY. ONCE YOU GET TO THE COMBATANT
00:24:11COMMANDER AND LOWER, THE RISK IS
00:24:13REALLY MORE ABOUT WHAT DO I HAVE
00:24:16ANY ALTERNATIVES TO PURSUE MY OBJECTIVE AND SUCCESSFULLY
00:24:21CAPTURE THAT OBJECTIVE. IF I CONTINUE ON THE WAY I'M
00:24:24DOING IT OR DO I NEED TO CHANGE? DO I NEED TO TRUST SOMETHING I
00:24:28DON'T KNOW A LOT ABOUT BUT EMPLOY IT ANYWAY?
00:24:32AND AND SO WHAT YOU FIND KIND OF
00:24:34AT THE COCKPIT OR FOXHOLE LEVEL
00:24:38IS, OKAY, THEY GAVE ME THIS
00:24:40THING YESTERDAY WAS REALLY UGLY.
00:24:43I'M WILLING TO TAKE IT OUT THERE
00:24:45JUST TO MAKE SURE I GET TO COME HOME OR AT LEAST HAVE A BETTER
00:24:49CHANCE TO COME HOME. OKAY. AND SO THERE'S TWO VERY
00:24:53DIFFERENT RISK CALCULUS BEING PUT AGAINST THE SAME SYSTEM AND
00:24:57THE TOLERANCE AT THE EDGE IS DRAMATICALLY HIGHER IN CONTEXT
00:25:01THAN IT IS BACK AT THE
00:25:03HEADQUARTERS, SO TO SPEAK, OF A SERVICE OR THE DEPARTMENT OF
00:25:07DEFENSE OR WAR. AND SO YOU YOU NEED TO TAKE A
00:25:11LOOK AT THAT. AND WHEN YOU GET TO THE HIGHER
00:25:14HEADQUARTERS WHERE IT'S KIND OF
00:25:17A VERY LOW RISK OR NO RISK ENVIRONMENT, YOU ALSO HAVE TO
00:25:21TAKE A LOOK AT WHAT THE METRIC
00:25:23IS FOR VALUE. IN NINE TIMES OUT OF TEN, THE
00:25:28METRIC FOR VALUE IS I'M A PERSON AND I CAN DO IT BETTER.
00:25:33OKAY? WHICH MATHEMATICALLY,
00:25:36EMPIRICALLY IS ALMOST NEVER THE CASE.
00:25:38BUT IN PSYCHOLOGY IS ALWAYS THE
00:25:43CASE. AND SO YOU'RE TRYING TO TO SAY,
00:25:45OKAY, YEAH, I GOT IT.
00:25:47YOU WATCHED, YOU KNOW, SOMETHING
00:25:50NOT FUNCTION THE WAY IT WAS SUPPOSED TO IN THE FIELD.
00:25:54OKAY? AND THEREFORE, I'M, YOU KNOW, I'M NEVER GOING TO DO THAT
00:25:58AGAIN. BUT THE GUY WHO HAD IT NOT WORK,
00:26:00YOU KNOW, NUMBER ONE, MAY HAVE MADE A MISTAKE.
00:26:04MAY HAVE NOT HAD A TOOL THAT ACTUALLY WORKED FOR THAT PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT.
00:26:08BUT I'M -- SURE I'M GOING TO CARRY IT BACK OUT THERE THE NEXT
00:26:11DAY JUST TO BE HAVE ANYTHING, YOU KNOW THAT WORKS.
00:26:15AND SO YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU COUCH THE CRITERIA IN
00:26:18SOMETHING THAT IS ACTUALLY
00:26:21USEFUL AND MEASURABLE IN THE CONTEXT OF WHAT YOU'RE DOING IN
00:26:24THE BUSINESS. AND, YOU KNOW, AND WE HAVE ALL
00:26:27HEARD THE DIFFERENT STORIES ABOUT, OH, YOU KNOW, I SAW THAT
00:26:30DRIVING CAR, YOU KNOW, SELF DRIVING CAR, DROVE INTO A TREE
00:26:33OR, YOU KNOW, IT RAN OFF A DITCH
00:26:36AND YET WE FAILED TO SEE THAT,
00:26:39YOU KNOW, WAS SELF DRIVING
00:26:41VEHICLES OR COMBINES OR WHATEVER IT IS. THEY MAY HAVE MADE ONE MISTAKE
00:26:45DURING THE DAY, BUT THERE'S A WHOLE PEOPLE THAT DIED DRIVING
00:26:50CARS THAT DAY AND DROVE AND DIED
00:26:53BECAUSE OF HUMAN ERROR.
00:26:55AND SO YOU YOU WANT TO TAKE A LOOK AT THIS.
00:26:59AND IT'S REALLY DIFFICULT BECAUSE THAT'S PART OF THE
00:27:01STAGES OF GRIEVING, THE DENIAL STAGE HERE OF, YOU KNOW, OKAY,
00:27:04YOU KNOW, THIS CAN NEVER WORK AND I'M NEVER GOING TO DO THIS. AND AND I PULL UP SOMETHING.
00:27:08THE PROBLEM HERE ALSO IS THAT THAT THE PACE OF IMPROVEMENT AND
00:27:13CHANGE IS DRAMATICALLY FASTER. I CAN GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE OF
00:27:16SOMETHING THAT DIDN'T WORK LAST WEEK AND HAS ALREADY BEEN FIXED
00:27:20THIS WEEK. AND SO THE THE EDGE BATTLE SPACE
00:27:23IS FUNDED MENTALLY DIFFERENT IN
00:27:25THE SPEED IN WHICH IT CAN REACT
00:27:29PARTICULAR, YOU SEE IN THE CASE OF STATIONARY TARGETS VERSUS
00:27:32DYNAMIC TARGETING AND DYNAMIC ACTIVITIES.
00:27:35ON THE BATTLE SPACE.
00:27:37SO I URGE PEOPLE AS THEY LOOK AT
00:27:40IT AND AS COMMANDERS LOOK AT IT, ONE IS TO BE THOUGHTFUL ABOUT
00:27:44THE CONTEXT IN WHICH YOU'RE EVALUATING IT AND THEN SECOND,
00:27:48TO GIVE IT THE OPPORTUNITY
00:27:52BECAUSE IT'S BETTER THAN NOTHING. OFTENTIMES, IF YOU DON'T KNOW
00:27:55HOW THE PROBLEM MANIFESTED ITSELF OR HOW TO DEAL WITH IT.
00:27:57AND SO, YOU KNOW, THERE'S PROBABLY PLENTY OF BATTLE SPACE
00:28:02ACTIVITIES THAT ARE GOING ON RIGHT NOW THAT PROVE THAT OUT.
00:28:05BUT I CAN REMEMBER YOUR EARLY
00:28:09STAGES OF VIETNAM. WE HAD THIS THING CALLED A
00:28:13HELICOPTER AND WE MOVED TO A NEW HELICOPTER THAT WAS CALLED THE 46.
00:28:16IT HAD TWO ROTORS, ONE IN THE FRONT IN THE BACK, AND A COUPLE
00:28:20OF THEM SEPARATED. AND I CAN REMEMBER, YOU KNOW,
00:28:24STANDING THERE IN THE ZONE AND GOING, WHY DON'T YOU GET ON FIRST?
00:28:27WHY DON'T YOU GET ON FIRST? OKAY. BUT THERE WASN'T A CHOICE.
00:28:31AND YOU COULD LOOK BEHIND YOU AND THERE WERE PEOPLE COMING WITH GUNS.
00:28:34SO SO THE IMPERATIVE IS FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT THERE
00:28:37THAN IT WAS, SAY, BACK AT, YOU KNOW, COMPANY X THAT WAS BUILDING IT.
00:28:41AND SO IT'S DIFFICULT.
00:28:43YOU HAVE TO DO THIS, BUT A LOT
00:28:46OF THIS ACTIVITY, QUITE FRANKLY,
00:28:48AT THE END OF THE DAY, BOILS DOWN TO DO I HAVE THE RIGHT RISK
00:28:52CONTEXT IN WHICH TO THINK ABOUT THE PROBLEM AND THEN WHAT ARE
00:28:55THE TOOLS THAT I HAVE TO MITIGATE IF IT'S NOT TAKING ME WHERE I WANT TO GO?
00:28:59I THINK HE BRINGS UP A GOOD POINT, SIR, ABOUT THE RISK AND
00:29:03IT'S REFRAMING THE QUESTION. SO JUST 30S REAL QUICK, IF I
00:29:06COULD, I, I DON'T WANT OUR
00:29:08OPERATORS TO TRUST IN A TOOL WHAT I WANT TO DO AND TEACH THEM
00:29:13INSTEAD IS WHEN IS THE TOOL WORKING? AM I GETTING THE EXPECTED
00:29:16OUTCOMES OF THOSE? BUT IT DOES TIE BACK TO RISK.
00:29:18IT'S THE PROBABILITY OF SOMETHING HAPPENING AND THEN THE
00:29:21IMPACT IF IT REALLY DOES HAPPEN. SO IN THAT FRAMEWORK, I NEED TO
00:29:26TEACH THESE OPERATORS WHAT HAPPENS IF THIS ISN'T WORKING THE WAY IT'S SUPPOSED TO IN THE
00:29:31REAL THE REAL UNDERLYING IN THE DEEP PIECE ON THIS ONE IS IT'S
00:29:34REALLY EASY WHEN YOU CAN LOOK AT SOMETHING AND YOU OBVIOUSLY HAVE
00:29:38SOME BAD INFORMATION, YOUR DATA IS CORRUPTED, YOUR COMPUTE WAS INSUFFICIENT, SOMETHING LIKE
00:29:42THAT, THAT'S NOT THE CASE. I'M TALKING ABOUT. I THINK THE CASE THAT WE REALLY
00:29:45NEED TO WORRY ABOUT IS WHEN IT'S INSIDIOUS AND YOU GET A SOLUTION
00:29:49THAT YOU THINK MIGHT BE TRUE AND
00:29:51YOU EXECUTE ON IT. THAT'S THE PART WHERE WE REALLY
00:29:54HAVE TO START UNDERSTANDING FUNDAMENTALLY WHAT RISK IS,
00:29:57BECAUSE IN A DATA ENVIRONMENT, YOUR PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, YOUR ELECTRICAL POWER, YOUR
00:30:02COMPUTE MAY BE IN ONE PLACE, BUT YOUR ALGORITHMS, YOUR CHIPS AND
00:30:04EVERYTHING ELSE ARE FORWARD. AND UNTIL THEY ACTUALLY HAVE A
00:30:08CHANCE TO SYNC UP, TO GO, HERE'S WHAT I'M SEEING AND HERE'S THE
00:30:11ACTION I TOOK YOUR HEADQUARTERS ISN'T GOING TO KNOW. SO I THINK THIS WHOLE RISK
00:30:15TOLERANCE PIECE IS SOMETHING TO UNPACK A LITTLE BIT MORE.
00:30:17AND LET ME ASK ONE QUESTION OR CONTINUE ON THAT THEN.
00:30:21SO WHEN YOU WERE MANAGING AIR FORCE FUTURES, HOW DID THE HOW DID THE AIR FORCE THINK ABOUT
00:30:24HOW DID YOU THINK ABOUT ENSURING GREATER RELIABILITY SO THAT
00:30:28THERE WAS GREATER TRUST AMONG THE SOLDIERS AND COMMANDERS?
00:30:31ARE THERE STEPS THAT YOU TAKE? THERE WAS THERE WAS TWO THINGS
00:30:33THAT WE PUT IN PLACE AND I THINK
00:30:35IT'S BETTER IF I IF I KIND OF GIVE YOU A VIGNETTE OR A STORY
00:30:38ABOUT WHAT WE DID. SO AND DRILL AND GENERAL ATOMICS
00:30:42HAVE JUST BEEN AWARDED OUR COLLABORATOR OF COMBAT AIRCRAFT.
00:30:45AND IT'S WHERE THE BRAINS OF THIS COLLABORATIVE COMBAT
00:30:47AIRCRAFT ARE REALLY AN AIR MODEL THAT ARE RUN BY DIFFERENT
00:30:51COMPANIES. BUT WHAT YOU DON'T WANT TO DO IS YOU DON'T WANT TO SIT HERE AND
00:30:55HAVE AN UNMANNED PLATFORM FLYING IN FORMATION WITH A MANNED
00:30:58PLATFORM OR MORE IMPORTANTLY, SOMETHING THAT'S GOING TO JOIN
00:31:01IT IN SOME WEIRD WAY THAT YOU WEREN'T EXPECTING. AGAIN, AN EDGE CASE, RIGHT?
00:31:04SO THE WAY THAT WE LOOKED AT GUARDRAILS FOR THIS IS ONE, WE ESTABLISHED AN EXPERIMENTAL
00:31:10OPERATIONS UNIT IN ESU AND THIS IS REALLY TAKING THIS OUT FOR A
00:31:14TEST DRIVE TO SEE WHAT ARE THE LEFT AND RIGHT LIMITS. WE KNOW WHAT THE VENDOR SAID IT
00:31:17WAS SUPPOSED TO DO. ARE THEY REALLY HAPPENING THIS WAY? AND IF THEY ARE HAPPENING THAT
00:31:22WAY, GIVE IT BACK TO THE VENDOR AND LET'S WORK WITH THEM.
00:31:24SO YOU HAVE TO HAVE INDUSTRY ENGINEERS AND OPERATORS ALL
00:31:28TOGETHER IN ONE ENVIRONMENT. REALLY UNPACKING WHAT'S HAPPENING.
00:31:31AND THEN WHEN THAT HAPPENS, YOU NEED TO UPDATE YOUR TACTICS AND YOU NEED TO UPDATE YOUR
00:31:35PROCEDURES AND THEN TAKE IT BACK OUT FOR A TEST DRIVE TO SEE IF IT REALLY DIDN'T WORK.
00:31:39BUT THAT ALSO PREDICATES ON THE
00:31:41FACT THAT WE REALLY NEED SOME
00:31:43SOME TYPE OF SANDBOX IN WHICH TO TEST THESE TOOLS OUT AND TO GO
00:31:47TRAIN WITH THEM. THIS IS HOW YOU START BUILDING CONFIDENCE OR COMPETENCE AND
00:31:52CONFIDENCE IN YOUR OPERATORS TO USE THE TOOLS THAT WE GIVE THEM FOR THIS.
00:31:55SO FOR ME, IT WAS REALLY ABOUT SETTING UP THE EXPERT X, THE
00:31:59EXPERIMENTAL OPERATIONS UNIT. AND THEN THE OTHER PART OF IT IS
00:32:02REALLY SETTING UP IN AN AREA, IN AN ENVIRONMENT JUST LIKE WE DO AT NATIONAL TRAINING CENTER,
00:32:06JUST LIKE WE DO WITH J. R, T, C, OR NELLIS, AND SOME OF
00:32:09OUR RED FLAGS. BUT YOU HAVE TO TAKE THIS OUT
00:32:11FOR A TEST DRIVE, TRY IT AND SEE WHAT'S HAPPENED AND DO IT IN A
00:32:15CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT AND THAT'S WHAT HELPS YOU BUILD THE CONFIDENCE IN THERE.
00:32:19DON'T YOU THINK? THERE'S A THERE'S ANOTHER PIECE THAT THAT COMES IN.
00:32:22THERE ARE THERE ARE CLIFFS. SO TO SPEAK, IN THE DEVELOPMENT
00:32:27AND WHAT WE'VE SEEN BOTH IN THE
00:32:30AGRICULTURE SIDE OF THE EQUATION AND IN THE CAR SIDE OF THE
00:32:33EQUATION IS WHEN YOU GET TO A POINT WHERE THERE WHERE THE
00:32:37SYSTEM HAS A WAY TO TELL YOU
00:32:39IT'S NOT NOT COMFORTABLE AND THAT IT CAN TAKE YOU THROUGH A
00:32:44GRACEFUL DEGRADATION OF ITS CAPABILITY, READ WITH A CAR,
00:32:48PULL OFF TO THE SIDE AND SHUT DOWN, SAY, OKAY, YOU GOT TO FIX THIS.
00:32:51IT'S I'M UNCOMFORTABLE. WELL, I CAN'T NAVIGATE IT.
00:32:54AND YOU DO IT MANUALLY OR YOU GO, YEAH, OKAY. IN THE SAME IN THE FIELD.
00:32:57AND SO WHEN YOU GET TO THAT POINT WHERE THERE'S THE ABILITY
00:33:01AND GUARDRAIL KINDS OF MINDSETS TO SAY, OKAY, I'M NOT GETTING
00:33:05ENOUGH INFORMATION AND THIS IS
00:33:07THE A.I. PERSON, I'M NOT GETTING ENOUGH INFORMATION TO FEEL
00:33:11COMFORTABLE TO DO THIS FOR YOU. OKAY? I NEED TO TELL YOU THAT.
00:33:14AND I NEED TO BE ABLE TO TAKE YOU THROUGH A GRACEFUL
00:33:18DEGRADATION THAT GETS ME OUT OF THIS PROBLEM INTO A SAFE PLACE.
00:33:20ONCE YOU GET THAT, THERE SEEMS
00:33:23TO BE A PRETTY BIG ACCELERATION
00:33:27IN THE TRUST FACTOR BECAUSE YOU'RE YOU'RE IN A POSITION THEN
00:33:31YOU FEEL LIKE YOU HAVE AN OUT AND YOU FEEL LIKE YOU HAVE A WAY
00:33:35TO UNDERSTAND IF IF THE SYSTEM IS NOT WORKING.
00:33:38FOR INSTANCE, IN MY CAR, YOU KNOW, IT'S RAINING OUT, OKAY, I
00:33:42MAY BE DEGRADED. OH, OKAY. IT'S RAINING.
00:33:46REALLY HARD. I'M GOING TO SLOW YOU DOWN BELOW
00:33:48THE SPEED LIMIT. IT'S RAINING EVEN HARDER.
00:33:52I THINK IT'S TIME TO PULL OFF TO THE SIDE, YOU SAY?
00:33:56I JUST DON'T TAKE ANY ACTION. I'LL JUST SEE WHAT YOU DO.
00:33:59IT PULLS OFF TO THE SIDE AND IT WAITS. SO IF.
00:34:02IF YOU HAVE AND THAT'S NOT NECESSARILY THE ANSWER FOR EVERY
00:34:06PROBLEM, BUT IT IS IT IT IS ONE OF THE FACTORS THAT WE SAW BOTH
00:34:10IN THE AGRICULTURE SIDE AND THE OTHER IS THIS GRACEFUL
00:34:14DEGRADATION IDEA GIVES YOU A SET OF GUARDRAILS THAT YOU CAN START TO THINK.
00:34:17SO IF THE AIRPLANE PULLS UP NEXT TO ME AND IT'S UPSIDE DOWN, YOU
00:34:22KNOW, OKAY, THAT'S NOT PLAYING FAIR. YOU KNOW, WE WANT SOMETHING
00:34:26DIFFERENT OUT OF THE BEHAVIOR
00:34:28THAT TO ME, THAT'S THAT'S ONE OF THE KNEES IN THE CURVE WHERE YOU
00:34:31START TO REALIZE YOU'RE STARTING TO STARTING TO GET TOWARDS SOMETHING THAT YOU CAN ACTUALLY
00:34:36USE FOR. OH, AND LET ME TURN TO YOU NOW.
00:34:39THE REPORT DISCUSSED AIR
00:34:43APPLICATIONS AND CAPABILITIES THAT ACTUALLY, IF USE, CAN BE
00:34:46IMMEDIATELY USEFUL OR AT THE
00:34:48TACTICAL EDGE ON THE BATTLEFIELD.
00:34:50CAN YOU DESCRIBE WHAT SOME OF
00:34:53THESE CAPABILITIES ARE AND WHY THEY WOULD BE USEFUL?
00:34:55YEAH, I THINK, YOU KNOW, MOST OF
00:34:57US ARE THE PUBLIC IS GAINING A
00:35:01GREATER FAMILIARITY WITH A LOT OF THE TOPICS, A LOT OF THE
00:35:04CAPABILITIES THAT ARE USEFUL FOR AGI.
00:35:07SO SPECIFICALLY FOR DIGITAL
00:35:10ENVIRONMENTS, THE APPLICATIONS
00:35:12WHERE YOU CAN LOSE CONNECTIVITY,
00:35:14AS WAS DISCUSSED EARLIER, BACK TO THE HUMAN OPERATOR AND THE
00:35:18SYSTEM CONTINUES TO FUNCTION ANYWAY. ARE SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL
00:35:21APPLICATION CASES AND CONTESTED ENVIRONMENTS.
00:35:24SO THINKING A.I. ENABLED AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION.
00:35:28SOME OF YOU MAY HAVE EVEN GOTTEN THE NEW YORK TIMES NOTIFICATION
00:35:31ON YOUR PHONE TODAY THAT THAT HAPPENED IN UKRAINE RIGHT?
00:35:35AUTOMATIC LOCK ON CAPABILITIES.
00:35:37ALSO DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS. RIGHT.
00:35:39OR THERE'S AI ENABLED SYSTEMS THAT FEED UP INTO OPERATIONAL
00:35:43LEVEL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
00:35:45ARE OFTEN USEFUL FOR GIVING PEOPLE FURTHER BACK FROM THE
00:35:48IMMEDIATE EDGE A SENSE OF WHERE,
00:35:51AS GENERAL CARTWRIGHT WAS SAYING
00:35:54EARLIER, YOU KNOW, WHERE YOU CAN
00:35:56START TO MAKE OPERATIONAL PLANS
00:35:59THAT HIT TARGETS, GET FORCES TO
00:36:02AREAS WHERE THEY NEED TO BE.
00:36:05AND SO, YOU KNOW, WHILE THERE IS
00:36:07GROWING FAMILIARITY WITH THE USE FULNESS OF AI IN THESE SETTINGS,
00:36:11I THINK THE CHALLENGE AGAIN GOES
00:36:13BACK TO GIVING OPERATORS A SENSE
00:36:17OF WHEN TO UNDERSTAND. I NEED TO USE THIS BECAUSE I'M
00:36:19IN A SCENARIO WHERE IT'S MAKE OR
00:36:22BREAK OR DO I TRUST THE SYSTEM
00:36:24ENOUGH TO USE IT?
00:36:26AND SO AGAIN, THROUGHOUT THIS
00:36:28KIND OF ITERATIVE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, I THINK, YOU KNOW, THE
00:36:32DEPARTMENT CAN REALLY MAKE STRIDES AND THINKING THROUGH HOW
00:36:35TO INCORPORATE PEOPLE WITH
00:36:37OPERATIONAL TESTING EXPERTISE
00:36:39CLOSER TO THE EDGE TO START TO GIVE FEEDBACK ON HERE'S WHERE
00:36:43THIS SYSTEM PERFORMED WELL OUT IN THE FIELD RATHER THAN TRYING
00:36:45TO GET DATA FROM HEADQUARTERS OR SEND THINGS BACK.
00:36:49LET'S TRY TO FIX THIS ISSUE OUT WHILE WORK NEAR TO THE EDGE.
00:36:55SO THERE'S A LOT OF OPPORTUNITY, I THINK, TO IMPROVE SOME OF THESE CAPABILITIES.
00:36:59PART OF IT IS ALSO THE LACK OF
00:37:00OF DATA THAT AGE CAPABILITIES
00:37:05NECESSARILY HAVE BECAUSE, YOU
00:37:07KNOW, THESE SYSTEMS ARE PUT INTO
00:37:11SCENARIOS WHERE THERE'S ACTUALLY NOT A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF DATA FOR THEM TO TRAIN ON.
00:37:14AND SO.
00:37:18THIS IS SYSTEM, I THINK.
00:37:22SO PART OF IT, TOO, IS THESE
00:37:24SYSTEMS WILL CONTINUE TO PROVE IMPROVE AS THEY GET BETTER
00:37:27OPERATIONAL DATA AT THE EDGE. BUT HOW CAN WE MAKE SURE THAT
00:37:30THEY'RE EFFECTIVE, LIKE IN THE SHORT TERM, ESPECIALLY AS THEY
00:37:33GET APPLIED IN NEW CONTEXTS?
00:37:37SO YEAH, SO IN THE NEW CONTEXT, THERE'S ANOTHER VIGNETTE. IF I COULD JUMP IN.
00:37:41SO THE, THE VIGNETTE, WHEN YOU
00:37:44ASKED ME BEFORE ABOUT IN AIR FORCE FUTURES, HOW DO WE LOOK AT THIS, ONE OF THE PROBLEMS THAT
00:37:48WE WRESTLED WITH EARLY ON WAS HOW DO WE IMPROVE WARGAMING AND
00:37:52WHEN I GOT INTO THE JOB INITIALLY, I LOOKED AT IT AND I
00:37:55THOUGHT IT WAS SOMETHING LIKE A DUNGEONS AND DRAGONS GAME WHERE SOMEBODY THREW A DICE OUT AND WE
00:37:59FIGURED OUT WHAT MOVES COUNTERMOVES, TABLETOP
00:38:01EXERCISES, THINGS LIKE THAT. AND YOU QUICKLY REALIZE IT'S A
00:38:05COMPLEX SERIES OF MODELING AND ANALYSIS S AND ALL THE DIFFERENT
00:38:08SYSTEMS WE WANT TO PUT TOGETHER. BUT WHAT WE DIDN'T HAVE WAS AN ADJUDICATION MODEL.
00:38:12AND THIS IS WHERE I REALLY BECAME HELPFUL FOR US AS WE LOOK
00:38:15TO A DIFFERENT COMPANY TO BE ABLE TO START PULLING ALL THIS TOGETHER, WE REALIZED THAT A LOT
00:38:19OF OUR NUCLEAR SYSTEMS THAT WE HAD, THEY WERE WRITTEN ON PUNCH
00:38:22CARDS WITH FORTRAN ALL THE WAY
00:38:24UP TO THINGS WHERE WE HAVE PIPES ON AN R AND C++.
00:38:28YOU HAVE A DIVERSE CODING ECOSYSTEM OUT THERE THAT WE HAD
00:38:31TO PULL TOGETHER. SO STEP ONE WAS PULLING ALL THIS
00:38:35TOGETHER THAT WASN'T AT A HIGH PRICE POINT FOR THE DEPARTMENT
00:38:38TO BE ABLE TO TO GO FORTH AND BE ABLE TO COMMON FLEET, ALL OF THE
00:38:42DIFFERENT MODELS WE HAD. AND WHEN WE DID THE COMPANY THAT
00:38:44WE WORKED WITH, THEY BROUGHT ME
00:38:46UP AND THEY SHOWED ME SOMETHING. I'LL JUST CUT TO THE PUNCHLINE
00:38:50AS I'M SITTING THERE AND THERE'S THIS YOUNG CROWD AROUND ME AND THEY'RE ALL THE CODE WORD
00:38:54CODERS, DEVELOPERS AND AND GRAPHIC DESIGNERS. AND THEY SAID, HEY, DO YOU PLAY
00:38:59VIDEO GAMES? AND I'M LIKE, LOOK AT ME. I'M 55 YEARS OLD. NO, I DON'T PLAY VIDEO GAMES,
00:39:02BUT MY SON DOES SAID, INTERESTING. WHAT GAME DOES HE PLAY?
00:39:05AND I SAID, WELL, YEAH, COUPLE OF ONE. AND I THROUGHOUT CALL OF DUTY
00:39:09AND HE SAID, HI, I'M THE CO-DEVELOPER OF CALL OF DUTY. AND HE SHOWED ME WHEN HE PULLED
00:39:13THE SCREEN UP, ALL THE DIFFERENT THINGS, ALL THE PEOPLE IN THE
00:39:16WORLD AT THE TIME IT WAS LIKE A HEAT MAP OF EVERYBODY PLAYING
00:39:18CALL OF DUTY AND IT WAS RED, YELLOW AND GREEN.
00:39:22SO RED IS WHEN PEOPLE ARE CLICKING AND THEN STOP BECAUSE THEY DON'T WANT TO PLAY ANYMORE
00:39:26OR SOMETHING HAPPENED AND THEY'RE USING TOOLS BEHIND THE SCENES TO FIGURE OUT WHY.
00:39:29SO HE ZEROED IN ON ONE AND EVERY
00:39:33TIME THEY TURN THE CORNER, THIS ONE GUY, THEY COULDN'T SEE IT. IT WAS PIXELATED UP IN THE CORNER.
00:39:37SO THEY WOULD REAL QUICK ADJUST IT. BUT THEN THERE WAS A SECOND
00:39:40EERIE EFFECT ON THE NEXT LEVEL. THAT SAME SCREEN WAS ON
00:39:43PIXELATED, BUT ANOTHER AREA WAS PIXELATED.
00:39:46SO THERE'S ALWAYS A DIFFERENT EFFECT THAT THIS THING HAD. SECOND AND THIRD ORDER DOWN THE
00:39:51ROAD. BUT WHAT WAS EVEN MORE INTERESTING TO ME WAS HE DREW A
00:39:53BOX AROUND CHINA AND THEN HE
00:39:56DREW IT AROUND THE CMC ACADEMY
00:40:00OF WHERE THEY'RE ALL STUDYING. AND HE SHOWED EVERY MOVE AND
00:40:04EVERY, EVERY MOVE AND EVERY PURCHASE THAT THEY WERE MAKING
00:40:08ON A WHOLE SEPARATE SCREEN THAT
00:40:11DATA BEING FED INTO A MODEL MADE
00:40:13ME REALIZE RIGHT THEN MY JOB IS PROTECT OUR DATA AND CORRUPT THE
00:40:17ADVERSARY. AND THEIR JOB IS TO CORRUPT MY DATA AND PROTECT THEIRS.
00:40:21THIS WAR IS BECOMING A WAR OF DATA AND HOW DO WE HOW DO WE PROTECT IT?
00:40:24AND IF YOU DON'T THINK THAT CHINA'S DOING THAT TO US RIGHT NOW OR RUSSIA'S DOING THAT TO US
00:40:28RIGHT NOW, EVERY ONE OF THOSE SCREENS THAT WE SCROLL THROUGH
00:40:32WHEN WE COLLECT ACCEPT THE TERMS OF AND GO ON JUST SO WE CAN PLAY
00:40:34THE GAME THEY'RE USING OUR DATA TO BE ABLE TO HELP INFORM SOME
00:40:38OF THESE MODELS AND AND WE KNOW
00:40:40THAT ALL OF THIS WE PUT IT UNDER
00:40:43THE BROAD CONCEPT OF THE FUTURE WAR.
00:40:45BUT WE KNOW THIS HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR FORCE
00:40:49STRUCTURE, FORCE DESIGN, FORCE
00:40:52DEVELOPMENT, UNIFIED COMMAND PLAN, THE GLOBAL FORCE
00:40:55MANAGEMENT PROCESS, ALL OF THESE
00:40:57TERMS WE USE AND THE DEPARTING MEANT WE HAVE TO THINK ABOUT A
00:41:01NEW AND DIFFERENT WAYS AND THIS
00:41:04BROADLY FALLS UNDER THE BUCKET OF THE ACRONYM M.P.S.
00:41:07BUT IT'S A CHALLENGE BECAUSE THE
00:41:10TECHNOLOGY IS MOVING SO MUCH
00:41:12FASTER THAN THE BUILDING'S
00:41:14ABILITY TO KEEP, TO KEEP PACE.
00:41:16AND WE'RE WORKING FEVERISHLY AT IT. AND I THINK WE NEED TO APPLAUD
00:41:20THE EFFORTS THAT ARE TAKING PLACE TODAY. THE REPORT FOCUSES ON TRAINING.
00:41:23WE KNOW EACH OF THE SERVICES ARE DOING THIS A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY.
00:41:27THERE'S SOME ANALOGIES TO HOW WE DID CYBER TRAINING, SOME
00:41:31ANALOGIES TO NUCLEAR AS WELL. WE KNOW WE'RE TRYING TO UPDATE
00:41:34CONCEPTS IN OUR IN OUR DOCTRINE
00:41:36AND JOINT PUBLICATIONS AND HOW
00:41:38WE'RE TRYING TO ORGANIZE OURSELVES.
00:41:41WHAT I'M CURIOUS IN GENERAL, HARRIS, I'LL START WITH YOU ON THIS.
00:41:45AS WE THINK ABOUT THIS PROBLEM
00:41:46SET, WHICH IS MASSIVE ACROSS
00:41:49EMAIL PVP AND AS WE THINK
00:41:53SPECIFICALLY OF AOL AND DDL ENVIRONMENTS, WHERE SHOULD WE
00:41:57PRIORITIZE OUR NEAR-TERM EFFORTS, THE TRAINING, IS IT
00:42:00UPDATING THE CONCEPTS? IS IT FORCE STRUCTURE?
00:42:02WHERE SHOULD WE REALLY FOCUS IT?
00:42:06IT'S HARD TO SINGLE OUT JUST ONE AREA TO PRIORITIZE BECAUSE I
00:42:10THINK THERE'S A CERTAIN NUMBER OF SYSTEMS THAT RUN IN PARALLEL THAT ALL FEED OFF OF EACH OTHER.
00:42:13BUT LET ME OFFER YOU THIS FIRST. I THINK THAT THERE IS A THE
00:42:18THERE'S A PHYSICAL PIECE OF THIS THAT NEEDS TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND
00:42:22THAT IS WHERE ARE WE HOUSING ALL OF THE ALL OF THE THE PHYSICAL
00:42:27INFRASTRUCTURE. WHERE IS THE ELECTRICITY COMING FROM? WHERE IS THE COMPUTE COMING FROM?
00:42:30MAKING SURE THAT WE HAVE ASSURED ACCESS TO SOME OF THE AI
00:42:36ALGORITHMS? THAT'S STEP ONE FOR ME. AND I THINK WHEN I LOOK AT DOT
00:42:39MIL PHP, IT'S A VERY UNCONVENTIONAL WAY OF LOOKING AT
00:42:44A WAY THAT WE WOULD PURCHASE OR ACQUIRE AN AIRCRAFT OR A HELICOPTER OR A TANK OR
00:42:47SOMETHING LIKE THAT. THIS IS THIS IS DIFFERENT. AND IT'S NOT EVEN REALLY
00:42:51SOFTWARE BECAUSE SOFTWARE IS JUST ONE PIECE OF IT ON THE MODEL PIECE, IT'S YOU STILL NEED
00:42:55ACCESS TO THE CHIPS, TO THE POWER, TO THE COOLING, TO THE FACILITIES.
00:42:59ALL OF THOSE THINGS. AND IT'S NOT SOMETHING I MEAN,
00:43:03WHEN SOMEBODY GIVES YOU A PICTURE OF AI AND PUTS A POWER
00:43:05PLANT ON THERE, THAT'S NOT A SEXY, ATTRACTIVE PICTURE FOR A GUY.
00:43:09THAT'S NOT WHAT WE THINK OF. BUT MAN, WHEN YOU DON'T HAVE
00:43:12THAT, YOUR WHOLE SYSTEM FALLS APART.
00:43:14THE NEXT PART OF THIS IS WHAT WE TALKED ABOUT IN THE VERY
00:43:18BEGINNING, AND I THINK THERE IS A TRAINING ASPECT WHEN ALL OF THOSE THINGS COME TOGETHER, YOU
00:43:22NOW HAVE TO GET THE OPERATORS COMFORTABLE WITH WHAT THEY'RE DOING.
00:43:25AND I STILL BELIEVE YOU NEED SOME AREA THAT'S A SAFE SPACE
00:43:29WHERE YOU CAN GO AND TEST OUT THE NEW APPLICATIONS, THE NEW LMS.
00:43:31WHAT ARE THESE ALGORITHMS DOING AND HOW ARE THEY HELPING OR
00:43:35HURTING ME? SO ONCE YOU CAN START BUILDING THAT CONFIDENCE AND THAT
00:43:38OPERATOR CAN GO, IS IT PRODUCING THE RESULT THAT I THOUGHT IT
00:43:41WOULD PRODUCE IF IT DIDN'T, WHY DO I TRUST IT?
00:43:44AND IF I DON'T TRUST IT, WHAT DO I DO ABOUT IT? THOSE ARE THE DIFFERENT THINGS
00:43:47THAT I THINK WE NEED TO START GETTING INTO THE HABIT PATTERN OF THINKING DIFFERENTLY ABOUT
00:43:51WARFARE WITH AI AND AUTONOMY.
00:43:55THANK YOU, GENERAL CARTWRIGHT. ARE THERE LESSONS FROM HISTORY
00:43:59WE CAN LOOK TO WHEN THE ARMED
00:44:02FORCES HAD TO ADOPT?
00:44:04NEW TECHNOLOGY IS DIFFERENT, BUT THERE MIGHT BE SOME SIMILARITIES.
00:44:07WHEN YOU THINK OF HOW THE SERVICES HAD TO REFORM AND ADAPT VERY QUICKLY.
00:44:12I KNOW WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THE RICKOVER MODEL, BUT ARE THERE EXAMPLES YOU THINK WE CAN LOOK
00:44:16AT AS WE THINK ABOUT HOW TO DO THIS RIGHT WHEN ADDRESSING THESE
00:44:19DON'T KNOW REFORMS?
00:44:21I THINK TO REALLY UNDERSTAND THE
00:44:23DEPTHS, TO WHICH THIS CHANGE IS
00:44:25GOING TO REACH INTO THE CLASSIC
00:44:29MALE PATH, THIS IN A BUSINESS,
00:44:33YOU KNOW, AS A DEPARTMENT OF WAR
00:44:38BUYING SOMETHING OFF THE SHELF,
00:44:41BUYING SOMETHING SHRINK WRAP IS
00:44:45NOT GOING TO WORK ANYMORE. BY THE TIME YOU GET IT TO THE
00:44:49SHELF, IT'S OBSOLETE.
00:44:51SO WE'RE MOVING OFF OF OF A KIND
00:44:54OF A TYPICAL COMMERCIAL MODEL OF
00:44:56I BUILD YOU BUY TO A SERVICE
00:45:00MODEL IN THE THE FINANCE SIDE OF
00:45:03THE EQUATION IS NOT SET UP FOR THAT.
00:45:05THE CONTRACTING SIDE OF THE EQUATION IS NOT SET UP FOR THAT.
00:45:09SO THERE ARE A LOT OF HURDLES THAT WE HAVE TO GO THROUGH. IT'S NOT THAT WE CAN'T DO IT,
00:45:13IT'S NOT EVEN THAT THE AUTHORITIES AREN'T THERE. IT'S JUST NOT THE WAY WE'VE DONE
00:45:17IT. OKAY. BUT A SERVICE MODEL IS PROBABLY
00:45:21GOING TO BE MORE CLOSELY ALIGNED TO WHAT WE HAVE TO DO.
00:45:24YOU KNOW, AS AS AS A FIELDING
00:45:29MOVE AND AS A OPERATING MOVE IN THIS.
00:45:32AND WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO HAVE THE ABILITY TO MAKE
00:45:36MODIFICATIONS AT THE EDGE, IN
00:45:37PARTICULAR AT A VERY HIGH RATE. AND THAT'S GOING TO BE A
00:45:41DIFFERENT SERVICE MODEL THAN WHAT WE HAVE TODAY.
00:45:44THE COMBATANT COMMANDS ARE REALLY NOT THERE.
00:45:47THEY'RE GEARING UP FOR IT, BUT THEY WERE NEVER DESIGNED FOR IT,
00:45:49QUITE FRANKLY. AND SO THAT'S GOING TO BE A BIG
00:45:53CHANGE WHEN YOU LOOK BACK IN HISTORY.
00:45:55I WON'T GO BACK TOO FAR, BUT
00:45:59PELOPONNESIAN WAR NOW.
00:46:03WHEN YOU LOOK AT WHAT WE DID ON THE NUCLEAR SIDE, BASICALLY THE
00:46:07EISENHOWER MODEL OF TAKE ALL OF
00:46:09THESE PIECES BEFORE WE EVER
00:46:11BUILD THEM AND PUT THEM IN WAYS
00:46:13IN WHICH THE FLOW OF KNOWLEDGE
00:46:16AND THE FLOW OF CAPABILITY
00:46:17CANNOT BE INTERRUPTED. IF YOU TAKE ANY ONE OF THOSE
00:46:20PIECES OUT. OKAY, KIND OF A FAILSAFE MEANT
00:46:24ALITY THAT WAS THAT WAS OKAY AT
00:46:26THE TIME.
00:46:29THE PROBLEM HERE IS THAT
00:46:33INTELLECTUAL KNOWLEDGE AS IT GROWS AND IN THE GENERAL
00:46:35POPULATION BASICALLY OVERRODE ALL OF THAT AND ALL THE THINGS
00:46:38THAT WE MADE SECRET WERE
00:46:42BASICALLY OUT AVAILABLE IN A TEXTBOOK.
00:46:44AND SO HOW DO YOU START TO THINK ABOUT THE PROBLEM DIFFERENTLY
00:46:47THE NEXT REAL BIG ACTIVITY, AT
00:46:49LEAST FOR FROM MY TIME, WAS
00:46:52BRILLIANT PEBBLES, YOU KNOW, THE IDEA THAT WE WERE GOING TO GO TO
00:46:56SPACE AND WE WERE GOING TO BASICALLY CREATE A SYSTEM THAT
00:46:59WOULD PROTECT THE WORLD IN SOME
00:47:02WAY AND AND IN THIS WE WENT
00:47:06TECHNOLOGY FIRST, PEOPLE SECOND
00:47:08IN AND IT KIND OF FELL IN ON ITSELF. OKAY.
00:47:12NOT THAT IT WAS BAD. NOT THAT THERE WAS ANY EVIL
00:47:17INTENT OR ANY OF THAT KIND OF STUFF. IT JUST COULDN'T GET TRACTION AT THE TIME.
00:47:21FINANCIAL REASONS, ETC. THEY ALL PLAYED, MOVED FORWARD TO CYBER
00:47:25AND SPACE OUT TO MORE RECENT
00:47:30EXAMPLES IN CYBER, WE STARTED
00:47:34FIRST WITH THE PEOPLE. THE IDEA BEHIND THE
00:47:37ORGANIZATIONAL CONSTRUCT WAS AN IDEA THAT SAID I NEED
00:47:43MATHEMATICIANS AND I NEED CRYPTOLOGY.
00:47:46AND THOSE TWO SKILLS ARE NUMBER
00:47:48ONE, AND I'M GOING TO GO FIND THEM. WHERE ARE THE SCHOOLHOUSES? WELL, THE SCHOOLHOUSES EXISTED
00:47:53AND IN THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY AND IN OTHER PLACES LIKE THAT.
00:47:56BUT THEY WERE GRADUATING MAYBE 20 OR 30 PEOPLE A YEAR.
00:48:00AND THEN IN THE FIRST YEAR, WE WENT FROM 20 TO 3000.
00:48:02AND AFTER THAT IT WAS DOUBLED UP
00:48:06AGAIN TO GET THE UNDERPINNING
00:48:08IN, TO GET THE TRAINING DONE, TO START TO HAVE THE QUESTIONS BE
00:48:12ASKED AND HAVE PEOPLE COMFORTABLE IN THAT ENVIRONMENT.
00:48:15AND IN THAT CONTEXT.
00:48:17AND AND IT'S NOT PERFECT, BUT IT
00:48:20WORKED THAT WAY. WE STILL ENDED UP, YOU KNOW,
00:48:23WITH SILO IS THAT REALLY HAVE
00:48:25HELD THINGS BACK, PARTICULARLY ON THE OFFENSIVE SIDE AND
00:48:29WHATNOT NOT NOT NOT FOR A BAD REASON.
00:48:32IT'S JUST THE WAY IT IS IN SPACE.
00:48:34IT WAS OKAY, I'M OUT THERE TO
00:48:38DISCOVER SCIENCE, OKAY? AND ANYTHING ELSE I'M DOING OUT
00:48:41THERE, YOU DON'T NEED TO KNOW ABOUT.
00:48:44AND THEN IT WAS, WELL, YOU KNOW,
00:48:46WE'RE NOT REALLY MOVING FORWARD
00:48:49AT A PACE THAT MAKES SENSE. AND SO WE FOCUSED IN ON A
00:48:53PARTICULAR AREA WHICH WAS ACCESS
00:48:55TO SPACE AND THE ABILITY TO GET THERE AND TO GO FIND THE
00:48:59TECHNOLOGY TO DO IT. AND WE HAD TO RELY ON THE
00:49:01COMMERCIAL SECTOR TO TO TO GET
00:49:03PAST THE RISK OF THE WAY WE HAD DONE IT IN SCIENCE.
00:49:07AND IN DISCOVERY. AND YOU CAN SEE THAT HAPPENING
00:49:11AND NOW AS WE LOOK AT DIFFERENT KINDS OF CONSTELLATIONS, SWARMS
00:49:15OF CONSTELLATIONS, DIFFERENT KINDS OF ENERGY ACTIVITIES,
00:49:18ETC., IT'S DIFFERENT. AND I THINK KIND OF GOING BACK
00:49:22TO THE EARLIER POINT WHERE I'M
00:49:26MOST UNCOMFORTABLE RIGHT NOW AND WHAT I THINK IS THE LONG POLE
00:49:29HERE IS WE DON'T HAVE THE ENERGY.
00:49:31WE DON'T HAVE THE ENERGY. FOR A WHILE IT WAS CHIPS.
00:49:34NOW IT'S ENERGY.
00:49:35AND I, I SEE THE SERVICES
00:49:40BUILDING PROGRAMS WITH MY CO REACTORS AND WHATNOT.
00:49:43AND I'M THINKING, OKAY, THAT
00:49:44WON'T EVEN RUN ONE DATA CENTER.
00:49:47HOW ARE WE GOING TO MAKE THAT TRANSITION?
00:49:51AND WHEN WILL WE PROBABLY MOVE FROM THIS IS INFRASTRUCTURE TO
00:49:53THIS IS A WAR FIGHTING CAPABILITY.
00:49:57AND TO BE VIEWED AS A WAR
00:49:59FIGHTING CAPABILITY TO BE FIELDED AS A WAR FIGHTING
00:50:03CAPABILITY, TO HAVE THE
00:50:08RESILIENCE AND THE ASSUREDNESS THAT THE GENERAL WAS TALKING
00:50:11ABOUT, SUCH THAT WE KNOW THAT JUST BECAUSE THERE'S A BROWNOUT
00:50:14IN THE TOWN DOESN'T MEAN MY BASE HAS TO BROWN OUT TO HAVE GOT TO
00:50:18HAVE ENOUGH PROTECTION THERE TO
00:50:20BE ABLE TO RUN IT BOTH IN THE IN
00:50:24IN THE FACILITY, BUT ALSO
00:50:26FORWARD AND DEPLOYED IN MOBILE.
00:50:29AND THAT ENERGY EQUATION RIGHT NOW IS THE LONG POLE.
00:50:33IT'S JUST TAKING SO LONG TO GET THERE.
00:50:35WE GAVE UP ALL OF OUR BASE POWER
00:50:37AND WENT TO THE GRID AND NOW
00:50:40WE'RE TRYING TO BUILD IT BACK.
00:50:42AND IT'S IT'S IT'S A HARD FIGHT RIGHT NOW.
00:50:45A DIFFICULT ONE. AND THE POWER THAT WE NEED IS DRAMATICALLY GREATER THAN
00:50:50ANYTHING WE'VE EVER HAD BEFORE. RIGHT.
00:50:52YOU JUMP TO MY LAST QUESTION, SIR. SO I'M GOING TO YOU'RE GOING TO
00:50:55HAVE TO FIGURE SOMETHING ELSE BESIDE POWER WHEN WE GET TO THE END.
00:50:58OH, AND LET ME LET ME SKIP AHEAD HERE TO THE LOOKING AT THE TIME
00:51:04TO TO OUR RECOMMENDATIONS RIGHT.
00:51:08WHAT CAN YOU GIVE A SENSE OF WHERE SOME OF THE KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ARE?
00:51:12WHY WE LANDED ON THEM AND HOW THAT'S GOING TO HELP US GET FROM
00:51:15HERE TO WHERE WE NEED TO BE? YEAH, SO THERE ARE FOUR KIND OF
00:51:18BROAD BUCKETS OF RECOMMENDATIONS.
00:51:21THE FIRST ARE RELATED TO AN
00:51:24ISSUE THAT YOU RAISED EARLIER, JOE, AND GENERAL CARTWRIGHT IS
00:51:27MENTIONED, BUT THIS NOTION OF MAPPING AUTHORITIES, RIGHT,
00:51:30MAPPING AUTHORITIES OVER DATA
00:51:32GOVERNANCE, WHO CONTROLS MODEL
00:51:35UPDATES, WHO CONTROLS DEPLOYMENT
00:51:37CHOICES RELATED TO MODELS, HOW ARE WE REPATRIATING DATA?
00:51:41YOU KNOW, WE NEED TO EFFECTIVELY
00:51:43DECIDE AND MAP WHO OWNS THESE
00:51:47AUTHORITIES ACROSS EACH OF THESE
00:51:49AREAS, PARTICULARLY AS WE GET,
00:51:51YOU KNOW, AS WE NEAR THE POSSIBILITY OF SOME KIND OF WAR
00:51:55FIGHTING SCENARIO, THE IMPERATIVE OF DOING THESE THINGS
00:51:58QUICKLY THROUGH WELL-ESTABLISHED CHANNELS AND HAVING THE
00:52:01OPPORTUNITY TO KIND OF TEST DECISION MAKING PROCESSES IN TIME IN THE RUN UP IS REALLY
00:52:06CRITICAL HERE. AND SO WE CAN'T AFFORD TO LET THIS GET TO THE POINT WHERE WE
00:52:10ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT THE AUTHORITIES. AND WE'RE ACTUALLY IN A
00:52:13CONFLICT, PARTICULARLY WITH A
00:52:16NEAR-PEER ADVERSARY WHO IS EXPLICITLY TARGETING OUR AI
00:52:20CAPABILITIES ACROSS THE VARIOUS ATTACK SURFACES THAT THEY PRESENT.
00:52:24THE OTHER BUCKETS OF RECOMMENDATIONS THAT WE OFFER IN
00:52:27THE PAPER ARE BROADLY RELATED TO THIS QUESTION OF ADOPTION RIGHT?
00:52:30AND EFFECTIVELY CALCULATING USER
00:52:34TRUST IN THE SYSTEMS SO THAT THEY CAN BE DEPLOYED IN A WAY THAT'S EFFECTIVE.
00:52:40SO. THE FIRST IS EXPAND AND EXPANDING THIS IDEA OF ITERATIVE DEVELOPMENT.
00:52:43I MENTIONED SWARM, FORGE, THUNDER FORGE EARLIER, BUT GETTING MORE OPERATORS INVOLVED
00:52:48WITH HELPING TO DEVELOP THESE SYSTEMS, PROVIDING FEEDBACK
00:52:51EARLY CONTINUOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE LIFECYCLE. THIS IS REALLY CRITICAL SO THAT
00:52:55WHEN WE GET TO THIS POINT WHERE
00:52:59OPERATORS ARE IN THE FIELD AND THEY HAVE TO TAKE A TECHNOLOGY
00:53:01INTO THE BATTLESPACE, THEY ARE NOT STUCK WITH SOMETHING THAT
00:53:05DOESN'T MEET THEIR NEEDS OR DOESN'T EFFECTIVELY INDICATE
00:53:09WHEN IT'S OUT-OF-AREA RIGHT, OR WHEN IT'S NOT FUNCTIONING
00:53:11ACCORDING TO ITS PROPER SYSTEM.
00:53:17I THINK THE OTHER PIECE IS STARTING TO THINK ABOUT HOW WE
00:53:19CAN USE CONTRACTING MECHANISMS TO GET CONTRACTORS INTO THE
00:53:25FIELD, HELPING WARFIGHTERS CONTINUE TO ITERATE OUT THERE,
00:53:28BUT ALSO THINKING THROUGH LIKE INCORPORATING OPERATIONAL
00:53:32TESTING ELEMENTS OUT THERE. I KNOW I MENTIONED THAT A COUPLE
00:53:34OF TIMES, BUT CONTINUING TO TEST A.I. SYSTEMS AFTER THEY'RE
00:53:38DEPLOYED IS A KEY DIFFERENTIATOR OF AI SYSTEMS COMPARED TO OTHER
00:53:42TRADITIONAL OPERATIONAL TESTING SYSTEMS, RIGHT?
00:53:45A.I. MODELS CONTINUOUSLY UPDATED, WORKING OFF OF NEW
00:53:48DATA, OFTEN DEPLOYED INTO DIFFERENT CONTEXTS.
00:53:51OPERATIONAL TESTS AND VALUATION NEEDS TO CONTINUE TO HAPPEN IN
00:53:54THE FIELD, EVEN AS THESE SYSTEMS ARE DEPLOYED.
00:53:57WE HAVE GREAT POLICY FRAMEWORKS IN PLACE FOR IT, BUT WE NEED TO START TO IMPLEMENT THEM.
00:54:01AND THEN FINALLY, I THINK WE'VE TOUCHED ON IT A COUPLE TIMES
00:54:04EARLIER, BUT TRAINING, GETTING FAMILIARITY THROUGH HANDS ON
00:54:09EXERCISES, CHANGING TTPS REFLECT THE WAY THAT WE'RE ACTUALLY
00:54:12USING THE TECHNOLOGY IN THOSE EXERCISES AND TRAINING IS REALLY
00:54:17IMPERATIVE. AND I KNOW THAT THE SERVICES ARE
00:54:20WORKING TO INCORPORATE CHANGES TO PROFESSIONAL MILITARY
00:54:23EDUCATION THAT ALSO INCORPORATE
00:54:26GREATER AWARENESS OF AI RISKS
00:54:28FROM AUTOMATION BIAS, WHICH WE'VE TALKED A LITTLE BIT AROUND.
00:54:32BUT THIS IDEA THAT, YOU KNOW,
00:54:34HUMANS TEND TO DEFAULT TO TO DECISION MAKING CAPABILITIES
00:54:38PRESENTED BY MACHINES, IT'S REALLY PERNICIOUS CHALLENGE, RIGHT?
00:54:41I THINK WE'VE ENCOUNTERED IT. IF YOU'RE DRIVING AND YOU TRUST YOUR JEEPS AND TAKE A WRONG
00:54:45TURN, THAT IS AUTOMATION BIAS. AND I THINK WHEN THE STAKES ARE
00:54:49SO MUCH HIGHER IN THESE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTS, MAKING
00:54:53PARTICULARLY COMMANDERS WHO ARE GOING TO BE AT THE EDGE, AWARE OF THE DOWNSIDE RISK OF
00:54:57AUTOMATION BIASES, REALLY IMPERATIVE.
00:55:01SO HAVE SOME MORE SPECIFIC BULLETS IN THE REPORT AND
00:55:04ENCOURAGE YOU ALL TO READ IT. BUT REALLY, DRIVING TOWARDS
00:55:07THESE THESE IDEAS OF HOW CAN WE
00:55:09DRIVE DEVELOPMENT IN A WAY THAT'S MOST EFFECTIVE FOR
00:55:12WARFIGHTERS AND GET ADOPTION IN A WAY THAT HELPS ADOPTION SCALE
00:55:16THROUGHOUT THE DEPARTMENT AND ACROSS THE SERVICES. THANKS, JOHN.
00:55:19AND FINAL QUESTION, FINAL THREE MINUTES HERE. SO A LITTLE BIT MORE OF A RAPID
00:55:23FIRE, BUT WHAT WHEN WE TALK
00:55:27ABOUT MILITARY AI, THERE'S CONCERNS, THERE'S OPTIMISM, THERE'S PESSIMISM.
00:55:32SO IN IN ALL OF YOUR PERSPECTIVES IN GENERAL, CARTER WOULD START WITH YOU AND THEN GO DOWN THE LINE.
00:55:36WHAT ARE YOU MOST OPTIMISTIC
00:55:39ABOUT WHEN YOU THINK OF MILITARY AI? AND WHAT ARE YOU MOST CONCERNED
00:55:44ABOUT? I'M THE OPTIMIST SIDE.
00:55:47THE STEM GENERATION IS RIGHT AT
00:55:49THE TOP OF MY LIST THAT THIS
00:55:53THING, THIS ACTIVITY THAT WE'RE DOING WILL IN THE END BE EDGE
00:55:57CENTRIC. IN OTHER WORDS, IT'S GOING TO BE OUT IN THE WARFIGHTERS HANDS.
00:56:00IT'S NOT GOING TO BE SOMETHING
00:56:03THAT ONLY EXISTS AT A HEADQUARTERS. OKAY?
00:56:07THE LEVERAGE IS GOING TO BE IN THAT BEING AT THE EDGE AND THEN
00:56:11WITHIN THE NEXT 2 OR 3 YEARS
00:56:13BEING THE COMMS AT GLOBAL SCALE,
00:56:16BEING ABLE TO PICK UP YOUR PHONE AND TALK TO ANYBODY ON THE FACE
00:56:19OF THE EARTH FROM ANY PLACE, THAT KIND OF CALM BECAUSE OF
00:56:23SPACE IS IS CERTAINLY NEXT. AND THEN RIGHT AFTER THAT WILL
00:56:26BE I CAN DO ALL OF THAT AND I
00:56:28CAN AND I CAN GET IT COMPUTE.
00:56:32I THINK THOSE THINGS WILL BE THE
00:56:34BIG CHANGES OUT THERE IF I'M TO WORRY.
00:56:38IT'S POWER. IT'S IT'S THE ENERGY SIDE OF THE EQUATION.
00:56:42AND TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO DO THIS, BECAUSE RIGHT NOW THERE
00:56:45IS NO CHAMP IN IN THE DEPARTMENT
00:56:47OF WAR OTHER THAN THE LEADERSHIP
00:56:51WHICH DOESN'T MAKE THE SERVICES NECESSARILY BEHAVE THE SAME WAY.
00:56:55BUT THERE'S NOBODY OUT THERE.
00:56:57I THINK IF I'M A SERVICE CHIEF
00:56:59OR A SERVICE J8, HOW DO I HOW DO
00:57:01I AVOID PAYING THIS BILL?
00:57:03SO I THINK AND SO WE HAVE TO
00:57:07FIND A DIFFERENT WAY TO SERVE,
00:57:09BRING THAT ENERGY TO BEAR IN AND
00:57:12HAVE IT BE ASSURED AND RESILIENT
00:57:16SO THAT WHEN SOMEBODY ELSE IS GREAT OUT OR SOMEBODY COMES
00:57:20CABLE OR ANYTHING THAT WE'VE GOT SOVEREIGN CAPABILITY.
00:57:24IRELAND DID ON FEDERAL LAND, SO TO SPEAK.
00:57:28GENERAL HARRIS SO WHAT AM I
00:57:31OPTIMISTIC ABOUT THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF WAR HAS THIS IN THEIR GUN SITE AND THEY'RE
00:57:34AGGRESSIVELY PURSUING IT. THERE'S A CULTURAL PIECE OF THIS
00:57:37THAT OFTENTIMES WE TALK ABOUT THE VALLEY OF DEATH.
00:57:40I WOULD SAY THAT THIS IS ONE OF THOSE WHERE WHEN YOU HAVE EVERYBODY LINED UP CLAPPING AND
00:57:44CHEERING AND AGGRESSIVELY GOING
00:57:46AFTER AI IS A GOOD THING.
00:57:48THAT'S ALSO THE OTHER SIDE THAT I WORRY ABOUT.
00:57:51IT'S ALL THRUST, NO VECTOR. I COME FROM A COMMUNITY OF U.S.
00:57:55SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND, AND THERE IS A SOFT TRUTH OUT THERE
00:57:57THAT SAYS HUMANS ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN HARDWARE. SO I THINK THERE IS AN H.R.
00:58:02ASPECT OF THIS THAT WE NEED TO REALLY CONSIDER AND IT'S NOT
00:58:05JUST THROUGH OUR JUNIOR ENLISTED AND JUNIOR OFFICERS, IT'S HOW
00:58:08YOU EDUCATE A AI UNDERSTANDING AND LEARNING ACROSS ALL LEVELS,
00:58:13ACROSS ALL FORCES THAT ARE OUT THERE TO MAKE SURE THAT WE
00:58:16UNDERSTAND WHAT'S HAPPENING WITH IT. THE AIR FORCE HAS INVESTED INTO
00:58:20MIT WITH THE AI ACCELERATOR PROGRAM AND THEN STANFORD AT
00:58:23STANFORD STUDIOS. BUT IT'S NOT AT A SCALE WHERE WE
00:58:26NEED TO BE DOING THIS. AND I WOULD ALSO SAY THAT IF
00:58:30YOU'RE LOOKING AT PME AND I BROUGHT UP A GREAT POINT ON THIS, I'LL BE THE FIRST ONE IN
00:58:33LINE, BY THE WAY, FOR YOUR BOOK, BECAUSE ALL THOSE THINGS YOU HIT ON WERE PERFECT.
00:58:36BUT IT'S IT'S YOU DON'T JUST TEACH DATA SCIENCE AND CALL THAT
00:58:40AI. THERE IS A WHOLE NEW WAY OF LEARNING AND APPROACHING.
00:58:42I THINK YOU HAVE TO PRACTICE WITH IT.
00:58:45AND SO, YEAH, I THINK ON THE OPTIMISTIC SIDE, I ECHO THOSE
00:58:50POINTS, RIGHT. AND I GUESS DRILLING DOWN THERE
00:58:52ARE CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT AND ACROSS THE
00:58:56SERVICES THAT ARE DOING REALLY WELL AT THINKING THROUGH THESE TOUGH PROBLEMS, PARTICULARLY
00:58:58WHEN IT COMES TO I'M GOING TO HIT IT AGAIN.
00:59:03WARFIGHTER OR TRUST IN THESE SYSTEMS RIGHT? WE HAVE HAD LONG STANDING
00:59:07EFFORTS BY DOD THAT PREDATE BOTH
00:59:09THE CURRENT AND THE LAST ADMINISTRATION FOCUS ON SOME OF
00:59:12THESE REALLY PERNICIOUS CHALLENGES. AND I THINK THE GREATER
00:59:15AWARENESS OF THE ISSUES IS REALLY ENCOURAGING BECAUSE IT
00:59:19MEANS WE CAN TRY TO FIND SOLUTIONS. THAT SAID, I THINK, YOU KNOW,
00:59:23THE CHALLENGE BECOMES IF WE GET
00:59:25INTO A STATE WHERE WE ARE FACING
00:59:28DOWN A CONFLICT WITH A NEAR-PEER OR CAN WE GET THE PRIORITIES
00:59:32ACHIEVED IN TIME TO MAKE SURE THAT WE'RE ADOPTING THIS
00:59:34TECHNOLOGY RESPONSIBLY FOR THAT CONFLICT?
00:59:38I'M NOT PESSIMISTIC ABOUT IT, BUT I REALLY HOPE IT GETS US IN GEAR.
00:59:42THANK YOU. WITH THAT, I'M GOING TO TURN TO THE AUDIENCE FIRST TO SEE IF
00:59:46THERE'S ANY QUESTIONS AND A
00:59:48REMINDER THAT QUESTIONS END IN A QUESTION MARK AND THEN
00:59:51OTHERWISE, I WILL GO ONLINE.
00:59:57PLEASE. AND PLEASE ANNOUNCE YOURSELF AS YOU ASK.
01:00:01NAME AND WHERE YOUR YOUR AFFILIATION.
01:00:07HELLO. MY NAME'S PETER CRISPIN.
01:00:08MY QUESTION IS, I'VE SEEN WALKING AROUND SEEING THE METRO
01:00:12LOTS OF ADS FOR MILITARY COMPANIES.
01:00:16AND MY QUESTION IS, IS THERE A CONCERN WITH THAT WITH THE
01:00:20DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE OF, YOU KNOW, IF THESE COMPANIES AREN'T WELL-KNOWN, AT LEAST MAYBE NOT
01:00:23TO ME. THEY'RE WELL-KNOWN TO OTHER
01:00:25PEOPLE, BUT IS THAT YOU KNOW, IS
01:00:28THERE SORT OF VETTING THERE FOR PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS THAT THESE COMPANIES ARE GOING TO BE THE
01:00:32RIGHT COMPANIES TO PARTNER WITH
01:00:34THE GOVERNMENT FOR MILITARY USE?
01:00:38SO THE GENERAL QUESTION OF COMPANIES TO WORK WITH VALIDITY
01:00:42OF THESE FIRMS AND YEAH, I MEAN,
01:00:46PART OF THE PIECES THAT WE'VE
01:00:49BEEN TALKING ABOUT A LITTLE BIT, WHICH ARE THE ORGANIZATIONAL
01:00:53CONSTRUE AND PUTTING THE RIGHT
01:00:55GARGOYLES RAILS IN PLACE IN IN
01:00:59THE RICKOVER EXAMPLE AND WHATNOT. THAT WAS THE FIRST THING GET
01:01:05CERTIFICATIONS SO THAT PEOPLE WHO ACTUALLY WORK IN THESE
01:01:07PLACES AND IN THE GOVERNMENT ARE CERTIFIED TO DO SO AND THAT
01:01:11THOSE CERTIFICATIONS MATCH UP WITH ACTUAL SKILLS IN THE
01:01:15WORKFORCE AND WORK AROUND BREAKDOWN STRUCTURES AND
01:01:19WHATNOT. AND THEN TO START TO THINK ABOUT
01:01:23IT, CHANGING THOSE AS AS THERE
01:01:26IS PROOF THAT THE WAY THEY ARE
01:01:29STRUCTURED RIGHT NOW IS NOT COVERING THE WATERFRONT, SO TO
01:01:32SPEAK, AND THAT CAN HAPPEN A LOT WITH NEW TECHNOLOGIES.
01:01:36BUT I, I THINK THE DEPARTMENT IN
01:01:38NORMAL ACTIVITIES SAY DON'T
01:01:40THROW OUT THE BABY FIRST, START WITH SOMETHING YOU UNDERSTAND IN
01:01:44THIS DOCUMENT AND THEN FOLLOW THAT UNTIL IT JUST DOESN'T WORK.
01:01:48AND THEN YOU HAVE REASONABLE EVIDENCE AND DATA TO BACK UP A
01:01:53CHANGE. BUT GETTING THAT AT THE FRONT
01:01:55END IS A LOT OF WHAT IS
01:01:57CONSIDERED CRITICAL AND THEN
01:02:00THERE WERE PROGRAMS PARTICULARLY
01:02:02IN THE STRATEGIC AND NUCLEAR SIDE OF THE EQUATION, THAT I
01:02:06THINK PROBABLY ARE GOING TO END UP CARRYING OVER PERSONAL
01:02:08RELIABILITY PROGRAMS THEY WERE CALLED, BUT BASICALLY
01:02:13UNDERSTANDING THE STRESSES THAT INDIVIDUALS ARE UNDER ON A DAY
01:02:15TO DAY BASIS, WHETHER THEY BE
01:02:17MEDICAL OR OR SOCIAL OR
01:02:22WHATEVER. BUT HAVING A GOOD UNDERSTANDING OF YOUR WORKFORCE AT A DEPTH THAT HERE TO FOUR IS PROBABLY
01:02:27NOT BEEN THERE IS PROBABLY GOING
01:02:29TO BE BE PART OF WHAT HAPPENS IN THIS AREA AT LEAST A PART OF THE
01:02:34WORKFORCE AND TO PART OF THE
01:02:36CIVILIAN SIDE OF THE WORKFORCE.
01:02:39PLEASE, SIR, GO AHEAD. NAME AFFILIATION, PLEASE.
01:02:43THANK YOU. HI. MY NAME IS ROBERT MCDONALD.
01:02:46I'M FROM THE NEW POLICY. ARE THERE CONCERNS THAT WE'VE
01:02:49SEEN STUDIES OF AI THAT HAVE REDUCED THE CRITICAL THINKING
01:02:52SKILLS OF MANY PEOPLE WHO ARE USING THEM ACROSS MULTIPLE
01:02:56DEMOGRAPHIC MIX? THAT THE INTRODUCTION OF AI INTO
01:02:58THE ARMED SERVICES COULD REDUCE THE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF,
01:03:02SAY, OPERATORS WHO ARE USING IT. THAT COULD REALLY DECREASE THE
01:03:05INITIATIVE OF SOLDIERS ON THE
01:03:07BATTLEFIELD TO SEPARATE THEMSELVES FROM A.I.
01:03:10WE'VE SEEN INSTANCES, OF COURSE, OF AIR USE IN GAZA THAT HAVE RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANT CIVILIAN
01:03:14CASUALTY EVENTS. IS THIS SOMETHING WE ARE
01:03:16CONCERNED ABOUT AS WE SEEK TO INTEGRATE A.I. WITHIN THE U.S.
01:03:20MILITARY AND OUR SERVICES MEMBERS CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY?
01:03:23I CAN TELL YOU FROM THE JOB THAT I HAD LAST.
01:03:25YES, THAT IS ABSOLUTELY ON OUR MIND. AND AND I THINK BEING OPTIMISTIC
01:03:29ABOUT IT, WE ALWAYS LOOK AT, YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE TO USE YOUR
01:03:32POWERS FOR GOOD, NOT EVIL. AND YOU JUMP BACK IN AND YOU SAY, WHAT?
01:03:36WHAT TIME WILL THIS AFFORD ME? IF YOU CAN AUTOMATE OR USE A.I.
01:03:40IN YOUR MDM OR YOUR MILITARY DECISION MAKING PROCESS THAT
01:03:42ALLOWS YOU TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM A LITTLE BIT BETTER, I
01:03:46THINK WE IMMEDIATELY GRAVITATE TO THIS OPTIMAL STICK SOLUTION ABOUT WHAT IT'S GOING TO DO AND
01:03:49HOW MUCH TIME IT'S GOING TO GIVE US BACK, BUT YET WITH ALMOST ALL OF THE PROGRAMS, AT LEAST
01:03:53SERVICE PROGRAMS THAT I HAVE SEEN AND THERE'S PROBABLY PLENTY IN HERE THAT CAN EITHER ATTEST
01:03:57TO THIS OR DEBUNK MY IDEA.
01:03:59BUT THOSE THOSE COST SAVINGS OR
01:04:02COST AVOIDANCE IS NEVER REALLY MANIFEST ITSELF. WE ALWAYS SEEM TO KEEP THE SAME
01:04:05AMOUNT OF PEOPLE. WE JUST SHIFT THEM AROUND TO SOMEWHERE ELSE. THAT IS EITHER UNDERSERVED,
01:04:09UNDERUTILIZED OR WE HAVE A GREATER NEED FOR. SO THERE'S A SHIFTING OF BURDEN
01:04:13THAT COMES WITH THE ONBOARDING OF SOMETHING LIKE A.I. NOW WHERE
01:04:18DO WE GO WITH IT AND WHAT DO WE LOSE AND DO WE LOSE ATROPHY OR
01:04:20OR SKILLS WITH THIS? I'M AGAIN ON THE OPTIMISTIC
01:04:24POINT OF VIEW WHEN I START LOOKING AT THE HIGH END FIGHTS AND THE THINGS THAT WE NEED TO
01:04:27TRAIN TO. THE FIRST THING I WANT TO DO WHEN I FLY IS NOT TELEGRAPH.
01:04:31WHAT TYPES OF THINGS? SO I'M FLYING UP AGAINST THAT.
01:04:34OTHER PEOPLE ARE WATCHING. BUT IF YOU CAN DO THIS IN A SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENT WHERE
01:04:38YOU'RE USING A.I. TO DO THIS, YOU JUST SEE A PLANE THAT'S UP THERE FLYING, DOING A COUPLE OF
01:04:42MANEUVERS, BUT YOU DON'T REALLY KNOW WHAT THE SCENARIO IS. IT'S BEHIND THE SCENES THAT'S
01:04:46DRIVING THE PILOT TO BE ABLE TO DO THOSE OR THE TANK COMMANDER ON THE GROUND TO MAKE THE
01:04:50MANEUVERS THAT THEY'RE DOING. THIS IS, AGAIN, WHERE I CAN
01:04:53START REALLY GIVING YOU A
01:04:55COMPETITIVE EDGE ABOUT A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT MAY BE
01:04:59FACING YOU IN THE NEXT FIGHT. SO I STILL THINK THAT WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT, WE HAVE THIS
01:05:03OPTIMISTIC VIEW OF IT. BUT AGAIN, JUST THE FACT THAT
01:05:06CULTURALLY WE BROUGHT OURSELVES TO, OH MY GOSH, I THINK WE NEED
01:05:09THIS IS IS HEROIC IN MY PART.
01:05:13I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THEM CONTINUE THIS. AND THEN AS WE START TO UNDERSTAND THIS AND LEARN A
01:05:17LITTLE BIT MORE, IT GOES BACK TO WHAT GENERAL CARTWRIGHT SAID,
01:05:20AND THAT IS THERE IS RISK AND YOU NEED SOMEBODY DELIBERATELY
01:05:23RED TEAMING THIS AND THINKING ABOUT THE RISKS TO TAKE THAT
01:05:26BACK IN TO HOW DO WE THINK ABOUT THE FUTURE PLATFORMS THAT WE
01:05:29ONBOARD OR WHERE WE ACTUALLY USE A.I.? I BELIEVE WE HAD A QUESTION IN
01:05:33THE BACK AND TWEEZ.
01:05:40YOU, TRACY, PRETTY CURIOUS.
01:05:42THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE TODAY,
01:05:45GIVEN THE DISCUSSION AROUND THE
01:05:47IMPORTANCE OF SANDBOX AND TRYING
01:05:49OUT THE DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES,
01:05:52HOW DO Y'ALL FEEL ABOUT GENERAL RULE?
01:05:55AND I MIGHT NOT BE PRONOUNCING THIS CORRECTLY, BUT DEV'S
01:05:57DECISION TO RECALL THE DRONE
01:06:01BATTALION FROM GERMANY ONCE THEY FIGURED FINISH THEIR LAST
01:06:06EXERCISE.
01:06:09SO WITH I'LL JUST START BY
01:06:13SAYING THAT I THINK WITH DRONES IT'S A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT.
01:06:16I THINK PEOPLE ARE A LITTLE BIT LIQUORED UP ON WHAT DRONES ARE
01:06:20DOING FOR US RIGHT NOW. WITH MY OWN PERSONAL BELIEF IS WHAT DID THE DRONES PROVIDE?
01:06:23WHAT EFFECT ARE THEY PROVIDING? I THINK DRONES, ACCORDING TO THE
01:06:26PRINCIPLE OF WAR, IT'S MASS, IT'S AFFORDABLE MASS THAT UKRAINE IS ABLE TO ACTUALLY BE
01:06:30ABLE TO PRODUCE ITS ELECTRONIC WARFARE.
01:06:33IT'S SENSING ITS SMALL KINETIC EFFECTS. IT STILL GOES BACK TO THE SAME PRINCIPLES OF WAR.
01:06:37BRINGING UNITS LIKE THAT BACK HOME TO BE ABLE TO START
01:06:40ADOPTING AND LEARNING. HOW DO WE START DOING DRONES MORE EFFECTIVELY TO BE ABLE TO
01:06:44PROVIDE THOSE EFFECT? THERE IS A TRAINING VALUE TO THAT OF BRINGING THAT BACK.
01:06:48THERE'S ALSO A POLITICAL RISK OF THIS, OF WHAT DOES THAT SAY TO
01:06:50OUR PARTNERS AND ALLIES THAT ARE OVER THERE TO BE ABLE TO DO IT
01:06:53SO THERE COULD BE A WIN WIN? IT'S IT'S BEEN FOUR MONTHS SINCE
01:06:57I'VE BEEN BACK IN THE PENTAGON TO BE ABLE TO TO LOOK AT
01:07:00ANYTHING AND TO SEE, YOU KNOW, WHAT'S REALLY HAPPENING BEHIND THE SCENES. BUT I THINK WHAT YOU NEED TO DO
01:07:04IS, YOU NEED TO EDUCATE YOUR FORCE. YOU NEED TO TRAIN YOUR FORCE FIRST ON SOME OF THESE NEW
01:07:08DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES AND HOW WE'RE USING AND IMPLEMENTING THEM. AND THEN WHAT DO WE DO TO BE
01:07:12ABLE TO START, YOU KNOW, EXPANDING THE ECOSYSTEM INTO THE
01:07:15ALLIES AND PARTNERS WE HAVE IN
01:07:19THE FRONT RIGHT HERE, YOU HAVE ANY OTHER THOUGHTS THAT THAT'S
01:07:23GOOD. HI, MY NAME IS AVA WHALEN. I'M A STUDENT AT THE CITADEL MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH
01:07:28CAROLINA. MY QUESTION IS, DO YOU THINK THAT THERE'S A HIGHER RISK
01:07:33VERSUS REWARD WHEN IT COMES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AI IN
01:07:35MILITARY OPERATIONS AND IT POSSIBLY EVOLVING INTO GAINING
01:07:39ITS OWN LEADERSHIP ROLES IN
01:07:42CERTAIN DEPARTMENTS?
01:07:45YEAH, I'M HAPPY TO TALK ABOUT THAT.
01:07:47I THINK WE'VE TOUCHED SEVERAL
01:07:50TIMES THROUGHOUT THE DISCUSSION ON THIS IDEA OF LIKE CALIBRATED
01:07:54TRUST AND KIND OF RIGHT SIZING. I THINK PART OF TO THE AN
01:07:56EARLIER QUESTION THAT WAS ASKED, THIS KIND OF TRAINING AND
01:08:00PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION ASPECT IS MAKING SURE THAT WE
01:08:02ARE NOT HAVING KIND OF SKILLS
01:08:06DECLINE AS WE ADOPT DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS OF AI THROUGHOUT
01:08:09KIND OF THE MILITARY DECISION
01:08:11MAKING PROCESS, IN PARTICULAR. RIGHT.
01:08:14SO I THINK TO YOUR QUESTION, THE
01:08:18AREAS WHERE I THINK IT'S MOST IMPORTANT TO KIND OF WASH
01:08:22AGAINST AUTOMATION BIAS, SOME OF THESE FACTORS THAT WE'VE
01:08:25DISCUSSED WHERE WE'RE AFFORDING A.I. GREATER DECISION MAKING
01:08:28AUTHORITIES, THIS IS KIND OF BACK FROM THE TACTICAL EDGE RIGHT?
01:08:32SO WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME IN THE DISCUSSION TODAY TALKING ABOUT
01:08:35DIGITAL CAPABILITIES THAT ARE
01:08:39CAPABILITIES FOR DIGITAL
01:08:41ENVIRONMENTS THAT OFTEN ARE FUNCTIONING IN SITUATIONS WHERE
01:08:45THERE'S TIME PRESSURE. YOU DON'T HAVE THE ABILITY TO
01:08:48REALLY INTERROGATE WHAT A SYSTEM IS TELLING YOU OR HOW IT'S BEING
01:08:52DEPLOYED. I THINK WHERE IT'S IMPORTANT TO ENSURE THAT OPERATORS HAVE A
01:08:57STRONG HANDLE ON ASSISTANCE CAPABILITIES IS THAT THAT KIND
01:08:59OF OPERATIONAL DECISION MAKING LEVEL. SO IF WE THINK ABOUT SOME OF THE
01:09:04THE SYSTEMS THAT HAVE BEEN DEPLOYED, LIKE THE MAVEN SMART
01:09:06SYSTEM, THEY'RE HUGELY VALUABLE
01:09:08FROM A MILITARY PERSPECTIVE.
01:09:10BUT IF A OPERATOR IS JUST
01:09:13DEFAULTING TO ACCEPTING
01:09:15RECOMMENDATIONS THAT THE SYSTEMS MAKING IN TERMS OF TARGETS
01:09:18STRIKE PACKAGES, ETC. RIGHT.
01:09:21THAT'S WHERE I THINK WE START TO RUN INTO PROBLEMS AND IT BECOMES
01:09:24A QUESTION OF HOW MUCH TIME CAN
01:09:27I HELP HUMANS CANNOT AFFORD
01:09:30HUMANS TO MAKE THOSE DECISIONS THEMSELVES AND LIKE REASON
01:09:32THROUGH WHERE THERE MAY BE ISSUES WITH THE SYSTEM VERSUS
01:09:36ARE WE IN AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE I'M GOING TO HAVE TO POTENTIALLY
01:09:39ACCEPT SYSTEM RECOMMENDATIONS THAT ARE REALLY ADVANCED RATE?
01:09:43THESE ARE THE KIND OF QUESTIONS I THINK WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO
01:09:45ANSWER TO ENSURE THAT, YOU KNOW, OUR KIND OF FORCE OF TOMORROW IS
01:09:48REALLY READY TO TO USE THESE
01:09:50TECHNOLOGIES APPROPRIATELY. OKAY.
01:09:53I'M GOING TO GO TO ONE VIRTUAL ONE HERE, WHICH I'LL SHOW ON THE BOARD BEHIND US.
01:09:58OKAY.
01:10:00SO THIS IS FROM ABBY RUDOLPH.
01:10:02A COMMON QUESTION IS NOT WHETHER HER EYE PERFORMS, BUT HOW MUCH
01:10:06DECISION AUTHORITY WE'RE WILLING TO DELEGATE TO IT. IT'S ALIGNED WITH A LITTLE BIT
01:10:10OF WHAT YOU'RE JUST SAYING, THEIR OWN. WHERE SHOULD THE LINE SIT
01:10:13BETWEEN A.I. THAT RECOMMENDS AND A.I. THAT ACTS?
01:10:16AND DOES THAT LINE MOVE IN A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT?
01:10:21I WOULD I WOULD.
01:10:22I GUESS FIRST LOOK AT KIND OF
01:10:27DEFINITIONAL ISSUE HERE OF STANDARD DAY.
01:10:30I IS REALLY SOMETHING THAT TAKES
01:10:33IN INFORMATION AND PROVIDES BACK INFORMATION PROCESS.
01:10:37IT'S AN ANSWER. WHATEVER PHYSICAL A.I. AI IS
01:10:40A.I. THAT TAKES IN PROCESS IS
01:10:42THE ENVIRONMENT AND THEN
01:10:45TRANSLATE IT INTO A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THROUGH ROBOTICS.
01:10:49OKAY. AND SO THE QUESTION KIND OF
01:10:52STRADDLES THAT FENCE A LITTLE BIT IN ASKING, BUT BUT THERE ARE
01:10:59ACTIVITIES THAT YOU WANT THE AI
01:11:03TO INFORM THE ACTIONS OF THE ROBOTICS SIDE OF THE EQUATION,
01:11:07BUT YOU ALSO WANT THE
01:11:09OPPORTUNITY TO INSERT YOURSELF
01:11:13AS APPROPRIATE ON THE TIMELINES THAT ARE MEANINGFUL.
01:11:17SO IN OTHER WORDS, BACK TO THE PREVIOUS QUESTION OF DECISION
01:11:19TIME AND DECISION SPEED, THE
01:11:21OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE ACCESS TO INFORMATION, TO MAKE A CREDIBLE
01:11:26DECISION. AND CAN YOU FIT IN TO THAT FIRE
01:11:28TIME IN A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME?
01:11:31SO YOU WANT TO LOOK AT ALL OF THOSE AND UNDERSTAND THEN THE
01:11:34ACTIVITY THAT YOU'RE DOING.
01:11:36I THINK WE WILL SEE RELATIVELY
01:11:40QUICKLY BOTH STANDING RULES OF ENGAGEMENT AND LAW OF ARMED
01:11:45CONFLICT TO BE INTEGRATED INTO THESE RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE,
01:11:48YOU KNOW, THROUGH THE THROUGH THE MACHINE, SO TO SPEAK, TO
01:11:52GIVE YOU AND A COMMANDER A BETTER SENSE OF THE WHY.
01:11:56OKAY. OKAY. YOU CAN DO THIS, BUT YOU'RE
01:12:00YOU'RE YOU'RE VIOLATING GENERAL RULES OR YOU'RE VIOLATING ONE OR
01:12:03ANOTHER ACTIVITY IS IF YOU DO IT
01:12:05AND IF IT GOES WRONG.
01:12:07AND SO CAUTION, IF YOU CAN GET
01:12:10THAT AND YOU START TO SAY THAT
01:12:13ALONG WITH OTHER THINGS, GIVE ME
01:12:15A REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF
01:12:17ENTER INTERPOSING MYSELF IN THIS
01:12:21SOLUTION TO THE VALUE OF THE SOLUTION. AND I THINK THOSE ARE GOING TO
01:12:24BE THE CRITERIA HERE AND THEY'RE
01:12:26GOING TO CHANGE VERY RAPIDLY AS
01:12:28WE START TO ACTUALLY SEE WHAT
01:12:30ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A OF A OF AN ANSWER.
01:12:33ARE WE LOOKING FOR OKAY, TODAY WE'RE JUST KIND OF TREATING IT
01:12:37AS A SMART GOOGLE. AND THE REALITY HERE IS IT'S
01:12:41GOING TO GET BETTER AND BETTER AND BETTER.
01:12:43AND SO WHERE DO WE WANT THAT KNOWLEDGE TO BE AND WHERE DO WE
01:12:47WANT TO INFORM SOMEBODY OF HOW TO DO IT?
01:12:50A DECISION SPEED, DECISION, QUALITY TEND TO BE THE LITMUS
01:12:53TESTS ON THOSE TYPE ACTIVITIES. AND JUST ONE QUICK BUTTON ON THAT POINT.
01:12:57I THINK PART OF THE REASON WE FOCUS SO MUCH IN THIS DISCUSSION
01:13:01ON THIS QUESTION OF OF TRUST IS BECAUSE AT THE END OF THE DAY,
01:13:05FROM A POLICY PERSPECTIVE, THE AUTHORITY FOR THE DECISION TO
01:13:09USE THE SYSTEM LIES WITH HUMAN OPERATORS, RIGHT?
01:13:13SO PART OF THE THE INHERENT
01:13:15CHALLENGE IN DEPLOYING SYSTEMS
01:13:17AND DECIDING WHEN TO ACCEPT A
01:13:21RECOMMENDATION FROM AN AI SYSTEM IS UNDERSTANDING THAT THIS COMES
01:13:23BACK TO HUMAN ACCOUNTABILITY. WE AT THE END OF THE DAY, WHICH
01:13:27REALLY TIES INTO THE MANY OF THE POINTS WE RAISE THROUGHOUT THE
01:13:31BRIEF ABOUT THINKING RESPONSIBLY ABOUT ADOPTION. SO I JUST WANT TO ADD A BUTTON
01:13:36ON THERE. THANKS, OWEN. AND THERE'S A QUESTION BACK HERE WHO'S BEEN REALLY PATIENT?
01:13:40PLEASE GO AHEAD. THANK YOU. A QUESTION FROM THE VOICE OF
01:13:44AMERICA NEWS IN CONTEXT OF ALL
01:13:48THIS. UH, COULD YOU COMMENT ON THE
01:13:52RECENT INCIDENT IN UKRAINE, WHICH WAS REPORTED BY THE NEW YORK TIMES?
01:13:55I BELIEVE, ON JULY 6TH?
01:13:59UH, THE ANALYSIS OF NEW YORK
01:14:01TIMES EXPERTS SHOWED THAT ON JULY 6TH, IN THE CITY OF PARIS,
01:14:06IN UKRAINE, AUTONOMOUS AIR
01:14:10DRONE, A RUSSIAN AUTONOMOUS AIR
01:14:12DRONE MADE ITSELF A DECISION
01:14:15ABOUT THE FINAL TARGETS. AND THE EXPERTS SAY THAT IT'S A
01:14:19FIRST CASE, AT LEAST FIRST REPORTED CASE THAT IT HAPPENED.
01:14:23AND THREE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE GOT KILLED AS A RESULT OF THAT. COULD YOU COMMENT ON THIS,
01:14:28PLEASE? ARE WE IN? THERE ARE THE SIDES OF THE
01:14:31CONFLICTS, RUSSIA AND UKRAINE, IN THE NEXT STAGE OF CONFLICT.
01:14:35SO I DON'T KNOW ABOUT THAT
01:14:37SPECIFIC EVENT, BUT I WILL GIVE YOU A COMMENT.
01:14:39AND THAT IS I'M SURPRISED IT HASN'T HAPPENED ALREADY, THAT THIS IS THE FIRST DOCUMENTED
01:14:43CASE OF THIS, THAT THAT WE'VE SEEN. AND MAYBE IT IS JUST THE FIRST
01:14:47DOCUMENTED CASE THAT IT'S BEEN GOING ON FOR A WHILE ALREADY.
01:14:50BUT THE SPEED AND THE PACE IN WHICH THIS TECHNOLOGY IS
01:14:54CHANGING AND HOW FAST IT'S ADOPTING OVER THERE JUST GOES
01:14:57BACK TO THE PIECE THAT WE WERE TALKING ABOUT WITH THE TRUST AND
01:15:00THE TRAINING AND MAKING SURE THAT WE UNDERSTAND WHAT THE BOUNDARIES ARE FOR THINGS.
01:15:03I'LL GIVE YOU A QUICK EXAMPLE THAT TALKING ABOUT WHAT GENERAL
01:15:07CARTWRIGHT WAS, YOU KNOW, PUTTING A FINER POINT ON IT, ON
01:15:11OUR COLLABORATIVE COMBAT AIRCRAFT, ONE OF THE THINGS YOU COULD DO, FOR EXAMPLE, IS
01:15:14THERE'S THREE DIFFERENT MODES. YOU CAN GO INTO ISR MODE OR E.W.
01:15:17OR LOYAL WINGMAN, YOU KNOW, IF ALL THE SUDDEN ONE OF THESE
01:15:20SHOWS UP ON YOUR WING AND YOU CLICK ON IT AND ALL OF A SUDDEN
01:15:24ISR AND EWR SHOW UP AT LOYAL WINGMAN DOESN'T, IT'S A GREAT
01:15:28WAY FOR A COUNTRY CAVEAT TO BE BAKED INTO SOMETHING THAT
01:15:30MORALLY OR ETHICALLY THEY DON'T AGREE WITH.
01:15:33SO NOW WHAT THEY DO IS YOU CAN HAVE A SOFTWARE CONSTRAINT THAT
01:15:37STOPS YOU FROM DOING SOMETHING. IT COULD BE SOMETHING WITHIN
01:15:41MUNITIONS AS WELL, WHERE IT DOESN'T ALLOW THE SYSTEM TO BE ABLE TO AUTOMATICALLY
01:15:45DISCRIMINATE WHAT TARGET IT WANTS TO DO IT AND GAMES.
01:15:46SO THIS TECHNOLOGY IS RAPIDLY EVOLVING AND WE REALLY DO.
01:15:50I MEAN, THERE'S MORAL AND ETHICAL DECISIONS WITH IT.
01:15:52THE LAWS OF ARMED CONFLICT WILL CHANGE.
01:15:56BUT AGAIN, I GO BACK TO OWEN'S POINT. THIS IS ALL ABOUT THE HUMAN
01:15:59ACCOUNTABILITY PIECE OF IT. YEAH, I THINK ANOTHER WITH THAT,
01:16:03WE HAVE REACHED TIME AND I KNOW
01:16:05WE HAVEN'T ANSWERED ALL ADDRESS OUR QUESTIONS, BUT WE THANK YOU
01:16:08SO MUCH FOR SHOWING UP TODAY. PLEASE CHECK OUT THE BRIEF AS
01:16:12IT'S ONLINE. AND WE HERE AT THE FOUR DEFENSE PROGRAM ARE GOING TO CONTINUE TO
01:16:15DRIVE FORWARD A LOT OF A PROGRAMING. AND WE LOOK FORWARD TO YOUR
01:16:18PARTICIPATION IN THE FUTURE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR JOINING
01:16:23US.
01:16:30LIVE THIS MORNING AT NINE EASTERN ON C SPAN THREE.
01:16:34THE SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
01:16:36HEARS FROM FBI DIRECTOR KASH PATEL DURING A HEARING ON
01:16:40OVERSIGHT OF THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION.
01:16:42WATCH IT LIVE THIS MORNING AT NINE EASTERN ON C-SPAN THREE.
01:16:46C-SPAN NOW OUR FREE MOBILE VIDEO
01:16:47APP OR ONLINE AT C-SPAN DOT ORG.
01:16:53GET C-SPAN WHEREVER YOU ARE WITH C-SPAN.
01:16:55NOW, OUR FREE MOBILE VIDEO APP
01:16:57THAT PUTS YOU AT THE CENTER OF
01:16:59DEMOCRACY LIVE AND ON DEMAND.
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01:17:31C-SPAN DEMOCRACY UNFILTERED.
01:17:36NEXT, NATIONAL SECURITY EXPERTS
01:17:39TESTIFYING ON WHETHER THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY IS
01:17:43EQUIPPED TO ADDRESS CURRENT THREATS. THE THREE WITNESSES AGREED IT
01:17:45WAS A MISTAKE FOR PRESIDENT
01:17:47TRUMP TO APPROVE THE SALE OF NVIDIA'S H2O.
01:17:51ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CHIP TO CHINA DUE TO FOREIGN, MILITARY
01:17:53AND SURVEILLANCE CONCERNS.
01:17:56THE HOUSE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE
01:17:58HEARING IS JUST UNDER TWO HOURS.
01:18:32GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. TO CALL THE COMMITTEE TO ORDER.
01:18:35WITHOUT OBJECTION, THE CHAIR MADE CLEAR THE COMMITTEE IN RECESS AT ANY TIME.
01:18:39BEFORE WE BEGIN TODAY'S HEARING, I WANT TO PROVIDE A FEW
01:18:41IMPORTANT REMINDERS FOR TODAY'S HEARINGS BEING STREAMED LIVE ON
01:18:44THE COMMITTEES YOUTUBE CHANNEL. THIS OPEN HEARING WILL BE
01:18:47CONDUCTED ENTIRELY ON AN UNCLASSIFIED BASIS. ALL PARTICIPANTS ARE REMINDED TO
01:18:51REFRAIN FROM DISCUSSING CLASSIFIED OR OTHER SENSITIVE INFORMATION PROTECTED FROM
01:18:54PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OR FOR THIS EVENT. MEMBERS WILL HAVE FIVE MINUTES
01:18:58WITH THE WITNESSES EACH. I WOULD ASK EACH OF MY
01:19:00COLLEAGUES TO KEEP YOUR QUESTIONS AND WITNESS ANSWERS WITHIN THOSE ALLOTTED FIVE
01:19:04MINUTES. TIME PERMITTING, WE WILL CONDUCT A SECOND ROUND AND ANY REMAINING
01:19:07QUESTIONS WILL BE SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD. THE HEARINGS FOCUSED ON
01:19:12EXAMINING WHETHER OUR LEGACY NATIONAL SECURITY ARCHITECTURE IS UP FOR THE TASK OF
01:19:15CONFRONTING THE THREATS POSED BY THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY.
01:19:19RUSSIA AND OTHER NATION STATES, OR TERRORIST GROUPS DETERMINED
01:19:22TO UNDERMINE AMERICAN NATIONAL SECURITY. IT'S MY PLEASURE TO WELCOME OUR
01:19:25WITNESSES TO TODAY'S HEARINGS. FRANK CILLUFFO, DIRECTOR OF THE
01:19:29INSTITUTE FOR CYBER AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AT AUBURN UNIVERSITY.
01:19:33DR. AH DAVID FEITH, SENIOR FELLOW, HUDSON INSTITUTE.
01:19:36AND SETH JONES, A PRESIDENT DEFENSE AND SECURITY DEPARTMENT,
01:19:38CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES. THANK YOU ALL FOR BEING HERE.
01:19:42FIRST, BY ARCHITECTURE, I'M REFERRING TO THE INTERLOCKING
01:19:46SET OF LAWS, INSTITUTIONS, AUTHORITIES AND DECISION MAKING
01:19:50PROCESSES THROUGH WHICH THE U.S. FIRST IDENTIFIES NATIONAL
01:19:52SECURITY THREATS TO ITS SOVEREIGNTY, INTERESTS AND CITIZENS.
01:19:57AND SECOND, ORGANIZES THE PEOPLE, RESOURCES AND STRATEGIES
01:20:00NEEDED TO PREVENT, DETER OR RESPOND TO THOSE THREATS.
01:20:03THE QUESTIONS WE'RE ASKING TODAY DIRECTLY RELATE TO THE
01:20:06COMMITTEE'S REVIEW OF THE 911 COMMISSION OVER THE PAST YEAR. THE BIPARTISAN REPORT OF WHICH
01:20:10WE RELEASED THIS WEEK THAT I ENCOURAGE ALL HERE AND LISTENING
01:20:13TO DOWNLOAD AND CONSIDER AS WELL
01:20:16AS OUR EFFORTS THROUGHOUT THE 119TH CONGRESS ON OUR COUNTERINTELLIGENCE POSTURE.
01:20:20BOTH COMMITTEE INITIATIVES HAVE DETAILED HOW THE THREAT ENVIRONMENT HAS DRASTICALLY
01:20:24CHANGED OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS AND THE SPEED OF THAT CHANGE IS ONLY INCREASING.
01:20:29TODAY WE ASK WHETHER OUR GOVERNMENT ARCHITECTURE IS APPROPRIATE TO RESPOND TO THIS
01:20:32NEW ENVIRONMENT AND HOW WE CAN AND MUST KEEP PACE.
01:20:35WE MUST OPENLY CONSIDER WHERE WE ARE SUCCEEDING AND WHERE WE NEED
01:20:38TO CHANGE OUR APPROACH. IN 2004, CONGRESS PASSED THE
01:20:42INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TERRORISM PREVENTION ACT, ESTABLISHED THE OFFICE OF
01:20:46DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, NATIONAL
01:20:48COUNTERTERRORISM CENTER, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY.
01:20:52IT WAS DISRUPTIVE, BUT THE VULNERABILITIES ILLUSTRATED BY
01:20:56911 DEMANDED IT. TODAY'S HYBRID THREAT AND
01:20:59ENVIRONMENT IS NO LESS DAUNTING.
01:21:01CHINA AND RUSSIA RUN PERSISTENT WHOLE OF SOCIETY CAMPAIGNS
01:21:04INSIDE THE HOMELAND. PENETRATING NETWORKS, COMPROMISING SUPPLY CHAINS OR
01:21:09CULTIVATING INSIDERS AND RUNNING INFLUENCE OPERATIONS ACROSS
01:21:12LEGAL, ILLEGAL AND THE UNCLEAR
01:21:14AREAS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE GRAY ZONE. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SERVICES
01:21:20INCREASINGLY COLLUDE WITH CARTELS, CRIMINALS AND HACKERS
01:21:22TO DESTABILIZE THE WEST AND AI IS ACCELERATING THEIR REACH IN
01:21:26WAYS THAT REMIND ME OF THE 911 COMMISSION'S WARNING ABOUT THE
01:21:29DANGERS OF US HAVING A FAILURE OF IMAGINATION.
01:21:32IS IT POSSIBLE THE COUNTERINTELLIGENCE EQUIVALENT
01:21:35OF 911 WAITS UNDETECTED BECAUSE WE ARE FAILING TO ADAPT A
01:21:39DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM WHERE PAROCHIAL AGENCY INTERESTS NOT
01:21:42NATIONAL INTERESTS, DETERMINE STRATEGY? THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY MUST
01:21:46ANSWER SUCH QUESTIONS TO PROVIDE DECISION ADVANTAGE FOR STRATEGY, POLICY, OPERATIONS AND
01:21:51INVESTMENTS. AND WE, AS OVERSIGHT OF THAT INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, MUST
01:21:54REGULARLY STEP BACK AND ASK THE BIG QUESTIONS RATHER THAN WAIT
01:21:58FOR A STRATEGIC SURPRISE TO FORCE OUR NATION TO EXAMINE
01:22:00INSTITUTIONALIZED ASSUMPTIONS SUCH AS WE DID PRIOR TO SEPTEMBER 11TH, 2000.
01:22:05ONE. MAYBE THE ARCHITECTURE IS STRUCTURED APPROPRIATELY OR THE
01:22:08BEST WE CAN EXPECT FROM GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS. MAYBE IT NEEDS TARGETED REFORM.
01:22:13MAYBE FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE. THESE ARE QUESTIONS WE HOPE TO DISCUSS TODAY TO AVOID
01:22:16THOUGHTLESSLY DEFENDING THE STATUS QUO.
01:22:18AGAIN, I THINK OUR WITNESSES AND LOOK FORWARD TO THEIR TESTIMONY. WITH THAT, I WANT TO YIELD TO
01:22:22THE DISTINGUISHED RANKING MEMBER. ACTUALLY, MR. KRISHNAMOORTHY,
01:22:26FOR HIS OPENING STATEMENT, AN
01:22:30UNDISTINGUISHED UNDISTINGUISHED, JUST FOR CLARIFICATION, YOUR
01:22:33HIGHLY DISTINGUISHED, HIGHLY. OKAY. THANK YOU. THANK YOU, MR. CHAIR.
01:22:37AND THANK YOU TO OUR WITNESSES FOR BEING HERE TO SHARE THEIR
01:22:39EXPERIENCES AND EXPERTISE WITH THIS HOMELAND
01:22:44COUNTERINTELLIGENCE THREATS IN THE 21ST CENTURY POSE A PERSISTENT THREAT FOR THE
01:22:47INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, THE POLICY WORLD.
01:22:49AND THIS COMMITTEE. ON THE ONE HAND, LAW ENFORCEMENT
01:22:53INVESTIGATION, OPEN SOURCE COLLECTION, AND U.S. FOCUSED
01:22:55METHODS OF GATHERING INFORMATION
01:22:58SHOW PERSISTENT, SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY THAT MAY BE
01:23:01ATTRIBUTABLE TO OUR ADVERSARIES OR FROM GATECRASHERS AT MILITARY
01:23:05BASES TO SUSPICIOUS LAND PURCHASES NEAR VITAL
01:23:09INFRASTRUCTURE. ON THE OTHER HAND, DRAWING TOO
01:23:12MUCH FROM SOME OF THESE
01:23:14FRAGMENTS OF INFORMATION AND RISK KEEPING, THE GOVERNMENT
01:23:18PERSISTS INTO JUMPING AT SHADOWS OR REACHING THE ERRONEOUS
01:23:21CONCLUSION THAT OUR ADVERSARY TREES ARE SOMEHOW TEN FEET TALL.
01:23:25WHICH BRINGS US TO THE TOPIC OF TODAY'S HEARING THE LEGACY OF
01:23:29COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ARCHITECTURE.
01:23:32THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT WITH THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THEN
01:23:34THE TERROR ISM FOCUS OF THE LAST
01:23:36QUARTER CENTURY, OUR
01:23:38COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ARCHITECTURE
01:23:41DESERVES A HARD LOOK TO MAKE SURE THE GOVERNMENT IS
01:23:44CONNECTING THE DOTS. IN OUR NEW ERA OF STRATEGIC
01:23:47COMPETITION ON A BIPARTISAN BASIS. WE HAVE WORKED WITH THE MAJORITY
01:23:52AS THEY FOCUSED ON THIS ISSUE, AND THIS OPEN HEARING WILL HELP
01:23:56ADVANCE THE GOAL OF AN AGGRESSIVE BUT MEASURED APPROACH
01:23:59TO IMPROVING WHAT EXISTS.
01:24:01I LOOK FORWARD TO THE PANEL OFFERING THOUGHTS ON HOW TO
01:24:04BETTER CONNECT THE DOTS, WHETHER BY HARDENING OUR CYBER DEFENSES,
01:24:09ENSURING INFORMATION COLLECTED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT DOESN'T STAY
01:24:12MIRED IN A CASE FILE OR
01:24:15CONDUCTING SPY CAMPAIGNS.
01:24:18IN ADDITION TO INVESTIGATE
01:24:20OPTIONS, WE LOOK FORWARD TO THAT DISCUSSION. THANK YOU, MR. CHAIR.
01:24:24AND I YIELD BACK. I THANK THE GENTLEMAN. AND NOW I WANT TO TURN TO OUR
01:24:28WITNESSES AND I ASK EACH YOU KEEP YOUR STATEMENTS UNDER FIVE MINUTES.
01:24:31MR. LUPO, YOU'RE NOW RECOGNIZED FOR YOUR OPENING STATEMENT.
01:24:34CHAIRMAN CRAWFORD, CONGRESSMAN
01:24:36CHRISTMAN, MURTHA AND THANK YOU ALSO FOR YOUR WORK ON THE SELECT
01:24:40COMMITTEE. I THINK THAT'S BEEN VERY INFORMATIVE, TOO, TO THOSE OF US
01:24:44ON THE OUTSIDE AND DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE.
01:24:47THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO APPEAR TODAY AT THE COMMITTEE'S
01:24:51RECENT PORT. A REPORT THAT THE CHAIRMAN MENTIONED IS SPOT ON.
01:24:55OUR COUNTERINTELLIGENCE POSTURE REMAINS TOO REACTIVE AND
01:24:59INTEGRATION SHOULD BE ORGANIZED AROUND MISSION OUTCOMES AND NOT
01:25:02JUST AGENCY OWNERSHIP. TODAY, I WANT TO LEAVE THE COMMITTEE WITH THREE POINTS.
01:25:06FIRST, COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MUST
01:25:09PROTECT AMERICA'S STRATEGIC
01:25:11ADVANTAGE, NOT MERELY ITS SECRETS.
01:25:13THE TRADITIONAL MISSION REMAINS
01:25:15ESSENTIAL PROTECT CLASSIFIED INFORMATION, IDENTIFY FOREIGN
01:25:20INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS AND PENETRATIONS, AND ENFORCE THE LAW.
01:25:22BUT THE TARGET SET HAS CHANGED.
01:25:24TODAY, ADVERSARIES MAY BE AS
01:25:27INTERESTED IN ENGINEERS,
01:25:29RESEARCHERS, STARTUPS, VENTURE CAPITAL AND SUPPLY CHAINS AS
01:25:33THEY ARE IN CLASSIFIED PROGRAM AIMS.
01:25:36FRONTIER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COMPANIES ILLUSTRATE THE
01:25:40PROBLEM. THEIR MODEL WAITS. TRAINING TECHNIQUES.
01:25:43DATA COMPUTE INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPECIALIZE. TALENT MAY BE OF ENORMOUS
01:25:48INTELLIGENCE VALUE, EVEN IF NONE OF IT IS CLASSIFIED.
01:25:51BY THE TIME A TECHNOLOGY ENTERS
01:25:53A CLASSIFIED PROGRAM, ITS RESEARCH PEOPLE CAPITAL AND
01:25:57SUPPLY CHAIN MAY HAVE BEEN TARGETED FOR YEARS.
01:26:00SECOND, WE FACE A FUNDAMENTAL
01:26:02MISMATCH IN HOW WE APPROACH THE THREAT.
01:26:06THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY RUNS CAMPAIGNS.
01:26:09WE OPEN CASES. CASES MATTER.
01:26:13INVESTIGATE ACTIONS AND INDIVIDUAL DISRUPTIONS REMAIN ESSENTIAL.
01:26:15BUT COUNTERINTELLIGENCE OFTEN COMES DOWN TO A HARD CHOICE.
01:26:20DO WE STRING THEM UP OR DO WE STRING THEM ALONG?
01:26:22ACT NOW OR KEEP WATCHING LONG
01:26:24ENOUGH TO EXPOSE THE BROADER
01:26:26NETWORK AND DISRUPT THE CAMPAIGN?
01:26:29BEIJING LOOKS ACROSS YEARS
01:26:31INDUSTRIES, INSTITUTIONS AND
01:26:33TECHNOLOGIES PURSUING THE SAME OBJECTIVE THROUGH CYBER
01:26:37OPERATIONS, INVESTMENT RESEARCH, TALENT, RECRUITMENT, SUPPLY
01:26:39CHAINS AND INTERMEDIARIES. IF ONE PATH FAILS, IT MOVES TO
01:26:45ANOTHER. THEY DON'T ORGANIZE AROUND OUR ORG CHARTS.
01:26:49PIECES OF THE PICTURE MAY SIT
01:26:50WITH THE FBI, NCC, CIA, NSA, A
01:26:55COMMERCE, TREASURY. ENERGY, DEFENSE, DHS.
01:26:57AND THE LIST GOES ON. OR THE PRIVATE SECTOR.
01:27:01EACH MAY SEE SOMETHING IMPORTANT, BUT NONE SEE THE
01:27:05WHOLE PICTURE AND THE ENTIRE CAMPAIGN.
01:27:08WE MUST INTEGRATE THOSE PIECES INTO A COMMON CAMPAIGN PICTURE
01:27:12AND ACT ON IT. MY THIRD POINT IS WHAT AN EFFECTIVE MODEL MUST ACTUALLY DO.
01:27:16IT MUST IDENTIFY WHAT MATTERS.
01:27:18SEE THE CAMPAIGN, WARN THOSE AT
01:27:21RISK, DISRUPT THE ADVERSARY, AND
01:27:24MEASURE WHETHER WE CHANGED THE OUTCOME.
01:27:26WE NEED A DYNAMIC PICTURE OF THE
01:27:28TECHNOLOGIES, TALENT, DATA, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPPLY CHAINS
01:27:32MOST CONSEQUENTIAL TO NATIONAL SECURITY. WE CANNOT PROTECT EVERYTHING
01:27:37EQUALLY AND NOT EVERY COMMERCIAL INTERACTION IS A
01:27:39COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MATTER. WE MUST TRANSLATE INTELLIGENCE
01:27:43INTO TIMELY, ACTIONABLE WARNING FOR COMPANIES, INVESTORS,
01:27:48UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCHERS OUTSIDE THE CLASSIFIED WORLD.
01:27:51A WARNING DELIVERED AFTER THE
01:27:53TECHNOLOGY, TALENT OR ACCESS HAS BEEN LOST IS NOT STRATEGIC.
01:27:57WARNING. WARNING CANNOT BE THE END STATE. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE CANNOT BE
01:28:01EXCLUSIVELY PROTECTIVE OR REACTIVE. ONCE WE UNDERSTAND A FOREIGN
01:28:05CAMPAIGN, GOVERNMENT SHOULD USE LAWFUL INTELLIGENCE, LAW
01:28:08ENFORCEMENT, ECONOMIC, CYBER, DIPLOMATIC AND REGULATORY TOOLS
01:28:11TO DISRUPT IT, DENY ACCESS, AND IMPOSE COSTS.
01:28:16OUR METRICS MUST CHANGE BEYOND CASES, ARRESTS AND BRIEFINGS.
01:28:19WE SHOULD ASK WHETHER THE
01:28:21ADVERSARY ACCESS DECLINED.
01:28:23OPERATIONS BECAME HARDER, AND COSTLIER, AND WARNINGS IN
01:28:27ARRIVED IN TIME TO PROTECT WHAT MATTERS.
01:28:31DISTRIBUTED RESPONSIBILITY CAN BECOME DILUTED. ACCOUNTABILITY.
01:28:36SOMEONE MUST INTEGRATE THE EFFORT ACROSS AGENCY BOUNDARIES
01:28:39AND ANSWER FOR OUTCOMES. DO WE NEED MAJOR STRUCTURAL
01:28:43CHANGE? PERHAPS. BUT FORM SHOULD FOLLOW FUNCTION.
01:28:45BUILDING ON CIA IS MISSION
01:28:48CENTER MODEL, AN ENTERPRISE WIDE COUNTERINTELLIGENCE APPROACH
01:28:50COULD ORGANIZE EXISTING CAPABILITIES AROUND PRIORITY
01:28:54ADVERSARY CAMPAIGNS WITHOUT
01:28:56TRANSFERRING STATUTORY AUTHORITIES OR CREATING ANOTHER
01:29:00AGENCY. THIS IS NOT AN INDICTMENT OF THE FBI, NCC, OR THE INTELLIGENCE
01:29:05COMMUNITY. THEIR MISSIONS AND PEOPLE ARE ESSENTIAL.
01:29:07BUT THE ARCHITECTURE HAS NOT KEPT PACE WITH THE TARGETS SET OR THREAT.
01:29:13FINALLY, AMERICA'S OPENNESS IS ONE OF OUR GREATEST STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES, NOT A LIABILITY TO
01:29:19ENGINEER US OUT OF OUR SYSTEM. THE GOAL IS NOT TO PUT WALLS
01:29:22AROUND AMERICAN INNOVATION, AND
01:29:24IT IS TO PREVENT OUR OPENNESS FROM BECOMING AN ADVERSARIES
01:29:28OPERATING MODEL. THE THREAT HAS CHANGED OUR COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MODEL MUST
01:29:33CHANGE WITH IT. THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. THANK YOU, MR. FEITH.
01:29:41THANK YOU.
01:29:48FOR.
01:29:52THE 10S THAT.
01:30:04YOU. PRESENT.
01:30:08GREAT. THANK YOU, CHAIRMAN CRAWFORD, CONGRESSMAN KRISHNAMOORTHY AND
01:30:12COMMITTEE MEMBERS, THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO TESTIFY IN.
01:30:14IMAGINE THAT IN A FUTURE CRISIS
01:30:16OVER TAIWAN, CHINESE ATTACK
01:30:20DRONES SUDDENLY RISE FROM TRUCKS, WAREHOUSES OR FARMS DEEP
01:30:23INSIDE THE UNITED STATES. JUST ACROSS THE FENCE LINE FROM
01:30:27OUR NUCLEAR BOMBER BASES. AS U.S. FORCES MOBILIZE CHINESE
01:30:31ORIGIN EQUIPMENT INSIDE U.S. DATACENTRES RAPIDLY SHIFTS ITS
01:30:33ELECTRICAL DEMAND, DESTABILIZING
01:30:36THE POWER GRID ACROSS 20 STATES.
01:30:38CHINESE HACKERS BLIND PARTS OF
01:30:40AMERICA'S GOLDEN DOME MISSILE DEFENSES BY USING AI SYSTEMS
01:30:44TRAINED ON MASSIVE VOLUMES OF SMUGGLED U.S. DATA WITH A
01:30:47FRONTIER MODEL STOLEN FROM A COMPROMISED AMERICAN A.I. LAB.
01:30:51CHINA'S MILITARY EXPLOITS WEAK POINTS IN U.S. NETWORKS AND
01:30:55KNOCKS U.S. PACIFIC FORCES OFFLINE AT A DECISIVE HOUR.
01:30:57NONE OF THIS IS SCIENCE FICTION.
01:31:01WE ALREADY SEEN ALL THE ELEMENTS
01:31:03THE UNITED STATES NEEDS A NEW
01:31:05COUNTERINTELLIGENCE APPROACH FOR THE AI AGE.
01:31:09TODAY, AN EXTRAORDINARY SHARE OF STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT
01:31:12TECHNOLOGY LIVES IN PRIVATE OWNED INFRASTRUCTURE.
01:31:14FRONTIER A.I. LABS, VENTURE BACKED QUANTUM OR FUSION
01:31:18COMPANIES, SEMICONDUCTOR FABS, CLOUD PLATFORMS, DATA CENTERS,
01:31:22DRONE MANUFACTURERS. CHINA'S INTELLIGENCE, MILITARY TARGETING AND TECHNOLOGY
01:31:27ACQUISITION APPARATUS HAS EVERY REASON TO FOLLOW AMERICAN INNOVATION INTO THOSE PLACES.
01:31:31OUR OWN NATIONAL SECURITY
01:31:33INSTITUTE MISSIONS MUST KEEP UP.
01:31:35WE HAVE HAD NO SHORTAGE OF
01:31:37SUPPOSED SPUTNIK MOMENTS IN THE CHINA COMPETITION.
01:31:42HYPERSONIC TESTS. NEW A.I. MODELS, MILITARY
01:31:44EXERCISES, SUPPLY CHAIN SHOCKS.
01:31:46BUT SPUTNIK BECAME HISTORIC.
01:31:48BACK IN THE 1950S, ESPECIALLY BECAUSE AMERICA RESPONDED.
01:31:52WE INVESTED, PRIORITIZED, BUILT NEW INSTITUTIONS.
01:31:56IN OUR DAY, THAT SPUTNIK RESPONSE IS STILL MOSTLY MISSING.
01:32:00CONSIDER 5G ECOSYSTEMS NOW
01:32:04REQUIRING GREATER ATTENTION. FIRST, MILITARY INSTALLATIONS
01:32:07AND OTHER CRITICAL SITES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES.
01:32:11UKRAINE'S OPERATION SPIDER WEB SHOWED THAT INEXPENSIVE DRONES
01:32:14PREPOSITIONED INSIDE AN ADVERSARY TERRITORY CAN PRODUCE
01:32:18STRATEGIC EFFECTS. IN OUR SPIDER WEB WORLD.
01:32:20NEARBY FARMS, WAREHOUSES AND COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES CAN MATTER
01:32:24AS MUCH TO A BASE'S SECURITY AS
01:32:27IT'S GOT GATES, GUARDS AND GUNS.
01:32:29RECENT DRONE INCIDENTS, ARRESTS
01:32:31AND SUSPICIOUS LAND PURCHASES AROUND WHITEMAN AIR FORCE BASE,
01:32:35BARKSDALE AIR FORCE BASE AND OTHER SITES DEMAND ATTENTION.
01:32:37SECOND, THE POWER GRID, ESPECIALLY AS IT INTERACTS WITH
01:32:41DATA CENTERS AND CRYPTO MINES. THESE FACILITIES DRAW ENORMOUS
01:32:46IN SOME WAYS, UNPRECEDENTED POWER. THEY ARE FILLED WITH COMPLEX
01:32:49HARDWARE AND FIRMWARE, MUCH OF IT CHINESE MADE AND REMOTELY
01:32:53CONTROLLABLE. THE REMOTE ACCESS COULD DESTABILIZE OUR GRID ACROSS A
01:32:55VAST AREA. SOME 2700 CHINESE RESEARCH
01:33:00PAPERS STUDY GRID VULNERABILITIES, INCLUDING HUNDREDS RELEVANT TO THE
01:33:04MILITARY AND POTENTIAL ATTACKS. WE SHOULD BUILD AMERICA'S AIR
01:33:07INFRASTRUCTURE AT SPEED, BUT NOT WITH AN ADVERSARY'S KILL
01:33:10SWITCHES BURIED INSIDE IT.
01:33:12THIRD, OUR FRONTIER ELITE LABS,
01:33:15GOVERNMENT, AND INDUSTRY SHOULD ORGANIZE AGAINST CYBER
01:33:18PENETRATION, INSIDER COMPROMISE AND INDUSTRIAL SCALE DISTILLATION.
01:33:23SOME 14 YEARS AGO, ALREADY,
01:33:25AMERICA'S THEN NSA DIRECTOR CALLED CHINA'S THEFT OF AMERICAN
01:33:28INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THE GREATEST TRANSFER OF WEALTH IN HISTORY.
01:33:32WE NOW RISK COMPOUNDING THAT FAILURE AT SCALE.
01:33:36THIS TIME, CHINA COULD TORCH THE
01:33:38VALUE OF AMERICA'S MASSIVE A.I. INVESTMENT WHILE ACQUIRING
01:33:42POTENTIALLY DECISIVE STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES.
01:33:44AS ONE OBSERVER PUT IT, CHINESE DISTILLATION THREATENS TO
01:33:47BANKRUPT THE US ECONOMY. FOURTH, ADVANCED COMPUTE,
01:33:51MEANING SEMICONDUCTORS AND THE ABILITY TO MANUFACTURE THEM.
01:33:55THIS MAY BE THE MOST IMPORTANT ECOSYSTEM OF ALL TO PROTECT.
01:33:57CHINA SHOULD NOT BE ABLE TO BUY
01:34:00RENT, SMUGGLED STEEL OR BUILD ITS WAY AROUND AMERICAN
01:34:03TECHNOLOGY CONTROLS. COMPUTE REMAINS CHINA'S PRINCIPAL POINT.
01:34:08WE SHOULD NOT HELP BEIJING ERASE AMERICA'S MOST CONSEQUENTIAL
01:34:11TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANTAGE.
01:34:13FIFTH, STARTUPS IN THE MOVIE
01:34:17OPPENHEIMER, THE YOUNG PHYSICIST, IS TOLD WHY THE GOVERNMENT IS WATCHING HIM.
01:34:21YOU'RE NOT JUST SELF-IMPORTANT. HE'S TOLD YOUR ACTUALLY
01:34:25IMPORTANT. STARTUPS CAN UNDERGO A SIMILAR
01:34:28TRANSFORMATION ALMOST OVERNIGHT.
01:34:30A BREAKTHROUGH CAN TURN AN
01:34:32OBSCURE COMPANY INTO THE HOLDER OF TECHNOLOGY ESSENTIAL TO U.S.
01:34:36SECURITY. BUT CAN WE RECOGNIZE WHEN AN AMERICAN COMPANY BECOMES
01:34:40ACTUALLY IMPORTANT BEFORE BEIJING DOES?
01:34:42I WOULD SUGGEST FIVE PRIORITIES.
01:34:46FIRST, STRENGTHEN THE GOVERNMENT'S TECHNOLOGY AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MISSION LED
01:34:51BY THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. SECOND, ESTABLISH SECURITY
01:34:55COMPACTS WITH FRONTIER A.I. LABORATORIES. THIRD, HARDEN, THE HOMELAND
01:34:59AROUND MILITARY INSTALLATIONS, THE POWER GRID AND DATA CENTERS.
01:35:02FOURTH, DENY BEIJING EVERY ROUTE TO ADVANCED COMPUTE WITH EXPORT
01:35:06CONTROLS AND EXPORT CONTROL ENFORCEMENT.
01:35:09AND FIFTH, REBUILD CRITICAL INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY.
01:35:11BECAUSE WE CAN'T COUNTER INTELLIGENCE OUR WAY OUT OF
01:35:15DEPENDANCE ON CHINESE DRONES INVERTERS AND OTHER CRITICAL HARDWARE.
01:35:19ALSO, FINALLY, RECOGNIZE THAT WE
01:35:23HAVE HAD AND STILL HAVE EXTRAORDINARY STRENGTHS AND ADVANTAGES.
01:35:28WORLD LEADING A.I. LABS, COMMANDING ADVANTAGES IN
01:35:30ADVANCED COMPUTE AND SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND
01:35:34UNMATCHED COMPANIES, CAPITAL
01:35:37MARKETS, ALLIES AND TALENT. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE IS URGENT
01:35:41PRECISELY BECAUSE WE HAVE SO MUCH TO PROTECT.
01:35:44THANK YOU. THANK YOU, DR. JONES.
01:35:48THANK YOU, CHAIRMAN CRAWFORD, AND DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF THE
01:35:52COMMITTEE FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO TESTIFY. I DO WANT TO THANK THE COMMITTEE
01:35:56FOR TWO MAJOR ISSUES. ONE IS THE BIPARTISAN WORK ON THIS IMPORTANT ISSUE.
01:36:01WHICH I THINK IS A REAL EXAMPLE BOTH TO CONGRESS AND THE NATION.
01:36:05SO THANK YOU FOR THE BIPARTISAN WORK. AND SECOND, THANKS FOR THE
01:36:08RELEASE OF THE REPORT THIS WEEK ON THE REVIEW OF THE 911
01:36:11COMMISSION REPORT, WHICH I THINK
01:36:13HIGHLIGHTS BOTH THE WORK THAT
01:36:16HAS BEEN DONE AFTER 911 AND ALSO THE WORK THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE
01:36:19IN THE IN THE FUTURE AND HIGHLIGHTING SOME OF THE KEY
01:36:24RECOMMENDATIONS SINCE. I TRUST THAT MANY OF THEM WILL COME UP TODAY.
01:36:27MY BOTTOM LINE IN THIS IN THIS
01:36:29HEARING TODAY IS THAT THE U.S.
01:36:32HOMELAND IS MORE VULNERABLE THAN IT HAS EVER BEEN IN RECENT TIMES
01:36:38FROM A COMBINATION OF BOTH STATE AND NON-STATE ADVERSARIES.
01:36:40I WOULD ARGUE THAT THERE IS
01:36:42SOMETHING OF AN END TO SANCTUARY
01:36:45OF THE HOMELAND.
01:36:47THE U.S. RESPONDED TO 911
01:36:49EFFECTIVELY, THOUGH, AFTER THE FACT.
01:36:52THERE WERE BUMPS ALONG THE ROAD.
01:36:53BUT IN MY VIEW, WE ARE NOT SET
01:36:56UP TO DEAL WITH THE EVOLVING
01:36:58THREAT AS IT STANDS TODAY AND AS
01:37:00IT IS LIKELY TO EVOLVE IN THE
01:37:04FORESEEABLE FUTURE.
01:37:06LET ME JUST START OFF WITH AN
01:37:10ADDITIONAL ISSUE TO WHAT THOSE OF US ON THE TESTIFYING SIDE
01:37:13HAVE NOTED TODAY, AND THAT IS, I DO THINK THERE'S A GROWING
01:37:18CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR THREAT TO THE HOMELAND, WHICH IS
01:37:20GROWING SIGNIFICANTLY CONCERNING
01:37:23THE CHINESE, RUSSIANS AND NORTH KOREANS ALL HAVE THE ABILITY TO
01:37:27HIT THE U.S. HOMELAND WITH BOTH
01:37:29CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR STRIKE. CHINA POSSESSES A VERY
01:37:33CONCERNING AND RAPIDLY GROWING ARSENAL OF LAND BASED
01:37:38INTERCONTINENTAL INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES, INCLUDING THE DIA 41,
01:37:40WHICH CAN HIT TARGETS ACROSS THE U.S.
01:37:44SEE SEA BASED SUBMARINE LAUNCH
01:37:47BALLISTIC MISSILES SUCH AS THE JAIL THREE, WHICH CAN ALSO BE
01:37:51LAUNCHED OFF THE COAST OF THE
01:37:53EAST COAST AND WEST COAST IN
01:37:55INCREASING NUMBERS OF NUCLEAR
01:37:57POWERED SUBMARINES AND CAN HIT AN