Original Broadcaster Captioning (Enhanced). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00IN THE WORLD BY FAR. OUR COUNTRY IS BOOMING.
00:00:07IF WE STOP TRADING WITH EVERY COUNTRY WE HAVE A DEFICIT WITH,
00:00:09WE WOULD MAKE AT LEAST 1.5
00:00:13BILLION -- $1.5 TRILLION A YEAR.
00:00:17WE ARE CARRYING ALMOST EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD AND THAT
00:00:19CANNOT GO ON ANY LONGER.
00:00:24LOWER THE INTEREST RATES FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND FAST.
00:00:27>> JOINING US WITH MORE ON THE FEDERAL RESERVE RAISING INTEREST
00:00:31RATES A QUARTER OF A PERCENTAGE
00:00:33POINT IS THE FINANCE REPORTER FOR THE HILL.
00:00:38THANKS FOR BEING WITH US. THE FIRST INTEREST RATES INCREASE IN OVER TWO YEARS.
00:00:42WHAT REASONS DID THE FED GIFT FOR THIS MOVE?
00:00:46>> WE HEARD A BIT FROM FED
00:00:48RESERVE CHAIR WARSH EARLIER.
00:00:52THEY HAVE BEEN POINTING TO INFLATION THAT WE SAW SPIKE AFTER THE PANDEMIC.
00:00:58BUT IT WAS COMING DOWN.
00:00:59IT HAD GOTTEN STUFF AROUND 3% TO
00:01:034% IN RECENT MONTHS AMID THE WAR WITH IRAN AND IS NOT REALLY GOING DOWN BACK TO THE FED IDEAL
00:01:07RATE FOR INFLATION WHICH IS
00:01:08AROUND 2%.
00:01:12SO THEY POINTED TO THAT STUBBORN INFLATION LARGELY FOR THIS
00:01:14INTEREST RATE HIKE. >> THE STOCK MARKET FELL TODAY AFTER THE NEWS.
00:01:18WHY? >> IT'S A LITTLE HARD TO DRILL
00:01:21DOWN EXACTLY WHAT IS DRIVING THAT.
00:01:25IT COULD BE THAT THEY WERE
00:01:27SOMEWHAT DISAPPOINTED BY
00:01:33WARSH' SIGNALING THAT INFLATION IS A PROBLEM FOR THE FED AND
00:01:37SOMETHING THEY WILL HAVE TO
00:01:38TACKLE GOING FORWARD.
00:01:43THE OTHER KEY THING WE SAW WAS THAT FEDERAL RESERVE OFFICIALS ARE LARGELY PREDICTING ANOTHER RATE THIS YEAR OR PROJECTING
00:01:47ANOTHER RATE HIKE THIS YEAR.
00:01:49SO THAT MIGHT ALSO BE WEIGHING
00:01:51ON THE MARKET A BIT TODAY. >> I WAS GOING TO ASK YOU ABOUT
00:01:54THAT.
00:01:56CHAIR WARSH HAS SAID HE DOES NOT FAVOR FORWARD GUIDANCE, BUT WE GOT THESE CLUES.
00:02:00WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO?
00:02:02>> I THINK THAT THIS IS STILL
00:02:07CONSIDERED A FORMER FORWARD GUIDANCE, STANDARD ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS WE GET EVERY FEW
00:02:11MONTHS WITH THE FED RATE DECISION.
00:02:14WE WILL HAVE TO SEE WHETHER HE CONTINUES TO GO FORWARD WITH THOSE.
00:02:18HE HAS SEVERAL TASKFORCES THAT
00:02:20ARE EXAMINING HOW TO COMMUNICATE
00:02:22GOING FORWARD, BUT THEY ARE SO
00:02:27FAR STILL PRODUCING THESE PROJECTIONS.
00:02:31HE OF COURSE HAS ABSTAINED FROM OFFERING HIS OWN TAKE IN EACH OF THE LAST PROJECTIONS THEY PUT
00:02:34OUT.
00:02:38>> TODAY'S VOTE TO RAISE RATES WAS UNANIMOUS. THE PAST COUPLE OF FED MEETINGS
00:02:42HAD DISSENTS. IS THERE A CHANGE IN HOW THEY
00:02:44ARE OPERATING?
00:02:49>> IT SEEMS LARGELY SIMILAR.
00:02:50I THINK THE DEFENSE WE SAW THE
00:02:56-- THE DISSENTS WE SAW THE LAST COUPLE MEETINGS WERE THOSE FAVORING RATE HIKES AND WANTED
00:02:59TO HIKE UP RATES BECAUSE OF INFLATION WE HAVE SEEN RECENTLY.
00:03:02THIS TIME SINCE WE SAW THE REST
00:03:04OF THE BOARD GET ON BOARD WITH A
00:03:07RATE HIKE, IT WAS UNANIMOUS. I THINK A LOT OF DECISIONS TEND
00:03:11TO BE UNANIMOUS. WE HAVE ONLY SEEN SOME OF THAT
00:03:14DISSENT CREEP UP IN THE LAST COUPLE OF MEETINGS RECENTLY.
00:03:28>> AFTER A LOOK AT THE NEWS AND VIEWER CALLS, WE WILL WELCOME
00:03:31THE FORMER TRADE COMMISSIONER
00:03:33AND ACTING CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST FOR THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION TO
00:03:37THE SHOW. HE WILL DISCUSS OVERSIGHT OF THE
00:03:41BURGEONING AI INDUSTRY. AND LATER, THE PROFESSOR WILL
00:03:45JOIN US TO TALK ABOUT VOTING RIGHTS AND THE UPCOMING MIDTERM ELECTIONS.
00:03:49OUR SHOW STARTS TOMORROW AND EVERY DAY AT 7:00 A.M. EASTERN
00:03:53ON C-SPAN, ONLINE AT C-SPAN.ORG,
00:03:58OR WITH THE FREE C-SPAN NOW VIDEO APP.
00:04:00>> ON SUNDAY, NEBRASKA
00:04:04REPUBLICAN SENATOR PETE RICKETTS
00:04:07ATTENDS HIS STATE'S ANNUAL STEAK
00:04:10FRY TO CAMPAIGN.
00:04:14SPEAKERS THIS YEAR INCLUDE
00:04:18KENNEDY.
00:04:22WATCH IT ONLINE AND ON OUR FREE C-SPAN NOW VIDEO APP.
00:04:33>> THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IS UP FOR GRABS
00:04:36ALONG WITH 33 U.S. SENATE RACE AND THE OUTCOME OF BOTH COULD
00:04:41RESHAPE THE BALANCE OF POWER IN WASHINGTON.
00:04:44VOTERS WILL DECIDE 36 GUBERNATORIAL CONTESTS.
00:04:47FROM THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL TO
00:04:49ELECTION NIGHT, FOLLOW CAMPAIGN 2026 ON THE C-SPAN NETWORKS.
00:04:54C-SPAN, BRINGING YOU DEMOCRACY UNFILTERED.
00:04:56>> GET C-SPAN WHEREVER YOU ARE
00:05:00WITH C-SPAN NOW, OUR FREE MOBILE
00:05:02VIDEO APP, THAT PUTS YOU AT THE
00:05:06CENTER OF DEMOCRACY LIVE AND ON-DEMAND.
00:05:08KEEP UP WITH THE BIGGEST EVENTS WITH LIVESTREAMS OF FLOOR
00:05:11PROCEEDINGS AND HEARINGS FROM THE U.S. CONGRESS, WHITE HOUSE
00:05:14EVENTS, THE COURTS, CAMPAIGNS,
00:05:17AND MORE FROM THE WORLD OF POLITICS ALL AT YOUR FINGERTIPS.
00:05:21CATCH THE LATEST EPISODES OF "WASHINGTON JOURNAL."
00:05:25FIND SCHEDULING INFORMATION FOR C-SPAN'S TV AND RADIO NETWORKS,
00:05:29PLUS A VARIETY OF COMPELLING PODCASTS.
00:05:31THE C-SPAN NOW APP IS AVAILABLE IN THE APPLE STORE AND GOOGLE PLAY.
00:05:36DOWNLOAD IT FOR FREE TODAY. C-SPAN, DEMOCRACY UNFILTERED.
00:05:43>> ATTENTION, BOOK LOVERS.
00:05:47C-SPAN HAS A NUMBER OF PODCASTS FOR YOU.
00:05:52LISTEN TO BEST-SELLING AUTHORS.
00:05:56HEAR WIDE-RANGING CONVERSATIONS WITH NONFICTION AUTHORS AND OTHERS MAKING THINGS HAPPEN.
00:06:02AND WEEKLY HOUR-LONG CONVERSATIONS THAT REGULARLY FEATURE FASCINATING AUTHORS OF
00:06:06NONFICTION BOOKS ON A WIDE VARIETY OF TOPICS.
00:06:10FIND ALL OF OUR PODCASTS BY DOWNLOADING THE FREE C-SPAN NOW
00:06:13APP OR WHEREVER YOU GET YOUR
00:06:16PODCASTS AND ON OUR WEBSITE, C-SPAN.ORG/PODCASTS.
00:06:20>> NEXT, FORMER PRESIDENT BARACK
00:06:24OBAMA JOINS COLGATE UNIVERSITY
00:06:29PRESIDENT BRIAN CASEY FOR A FIRESIDE CHAT. TOPICS INCLUDE THE CURRENT DEBATE ON ARTIFICIAL
00:06:33INTELLIGENCE, REASONS FOR HOPE, AND A CALL TO ENGAGE IN OUR DEMOCRACY.
00:06:37FROM HAMILTON, NEW YORK, THIS RUNS ABOUT ONE HOUR AND 10 MINUTES.
00:06:42[APPLAUSE]
00:06:48>> ♪
00:07:11>> I DON'T WANT TO MILK THIS TOO MUCH. [LAUGHTER]
00:07:16IT IS GOOD TO SEE YOU, COLGATE! [APPLAUSE]
00:07:22AND WHOEVER WAS IN CHARGE OF ARRANGING THE WEATHER, GOOD JOB!
00:07:27BUT I AM NOT FOOLED. [LAUGHTER]
00:07:31I KNOW IT IS GOING TO GET A LITTLE COLDER AROUND HERE.
00:07:36>> WELCOME TO COLGATE, MR. PRESIDENT.
00:07:38>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, MR. PRESIDENT, GREAT TO SEE YOU.
00:07:45>> NOW THAT WE HAVE ESTABLISHED PARITY, WE CAN BEGIN THE CONVERSATION.
00:07:48WE WILL HAVE AN HOUR TOGETHER IN WHICH WE WILL TALK ON A NUMBER OF TOPICS.
00:07:53BUT WHAT I HAVE TO SAY IS EVER SINCE WE ANNOUNCED YOU WERE
00:07:57COMING, THE ONE QUESTION THAT
00:08:00HAS COME AT ME AS I WALK ACROSS
00:08:02THE CAMPUS, THE ONE QUESTION
00:08:05EVERYONE HAS IS, HOW IS MICHELLE
00:08:10OBAMA? >> WELL, UH -- [APPLAUSE]
00:08:14LOOK. LISTEN, I UNDERSTAND I AM YOUR
00:08:18SECOND CHOICE. [LAUGHTER] I GET IT.
00:08:22IN THE POPULARITY RANKINGS IN
00:08:25THE OBAMA HOUSEHOLD, I AM LAST.
00:08:29[LAUGHTER] THIS WAS A TOUGH WEEK.
00:08:33SOME PEOPLE ARE AWARE.
00:08:35WE LOST OUR DOG SUNNY THIS WEEK.
00:08:40WE WERE TALKING ABOUT IT BACKSTAGE BECAUSE YOU HAVE AN OLDER DOG.
00:08:44AND I ALSO KNOW THERE ARE PARENTS HERE.
00:08:48THE CONNECTION YOU HAVE WITH
00:08:50YOUR PETS ARE OBVIOUSLY REALLY IMPORTANT.
00:08:56WHEN THEY ARE PETS WHO GREW UP WITH YOUR KIDS, THEY ARE MORE
00:08:58THAN JUST -- IT IS NOT JUST THAT YOU LOVE THEM.
00:09:04THEY ARE A REPOSITORY OF MEMORIES YOU HAVE WITH YOUR
00:09:08CHILDREN AS THEY WERE GROWING UP, AND THE PASSAGE OF TIME.
00:09:11THAT HAS BEEN A LITTLE TOUGH ON MICHELLE.
00:09:16OTHERWISE, SHE IS LIVING HER BEST LIFE.
00:09:19SHE IS WORKING WITH OUR
00:09:23FOUNDATION AROUND EMPOWERING YOUNG WOMEN AND GIRLS.
00:09:27SHE IS DOING A PODCAST AND LOOKING CUTE. [LAUGHTER]
00:09:34AND THE FACT THAT SHE HAS NOT
00:09:38KICKED ME TO THE CURB I AM GRATEFUL FOR. [LAUGHTER]
00:09:42>> IT IS EARLY. >> IT IS EARLY.
00:09:46IT IS NOT THAT EARLY. WE CELEBRATE 35 YEARS THIS YEAR.
00:09:49>> CONGRATULATIONS. [APPLAUSE]
00:09:52>> I FEEL LIKE I AM AT THE STAGE
00:09:55WHERE HER RETRAINING ANOTHER
00:09:58GUY, NOT WORTH THE EFFORT. [LAUGHTER]
00:10:02SHE MIGHT AS WELL JUST RIDE IT OUT.
00:10:08>> CAN SAY SHE IS SETTLING.
00:10:11I SHOULD CONGRATULATE YOU BOTH ON THE OPENING OF THE OBAMA CENTER.
00:10:15>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [APPLAUSE]
00:10:18WE WERE TAKING SOME PHOTOGRAPHS BACKSTAGE. A NUMBER OF PEOPLE HAD ALREADY
00:10:22GONE TO VISIT. FOR THOSE OF YOU, IF YOU GET A
00:10:28CHANCE, IN CHICAGO, I THINK YOU WILL ENJOY IT.
00:10:34BECAUSE IT IS NOT JUST THE STORY ABOUT OUR PRESIDENCY.
00:10:39THE MUSEUM TELLS THE STORY ABOUT AMERICA. AND THE GOAL IS TO CREATE A
00:10:44CAMPUS AROUND WHICH WE CAN LEARN
00:10:46FROM EACH OTHER ABOUT HOW TO
00:10:50BRING ABOUT POSITIVE SOCIAL CHANGE.
00:10:54NOT JUST IN THIS COUNTRY BUT INTERNATIONALLY. THAT IS A LOT OF WHAT OUR
00:10:58PROGRAM IS ABOUT. >> SEEMS VERY EXCITING, LOOKS VERY BEAUTIFUL.
00:11:02YOU MUST BE RELIEVED AND THRILLED.
00:11:04>> YOU HAVE BEEN THROUGH CAPITAL THINGS.
00:11:07>> I BUILT SOME BUILDINGS.
00:11:09>> THEY ARE A LOT BETTER WHEN YOU ARE ON THE OTHERS OF THEM.
00:11:13>> I AM LOOKING FORWARD TO THAT DAY. [LAUGHTER]
00:11:17THE FIRST COUPLE OF QUESTIONS I
00:11:19HAVE, I WOULD LIKE TO INVITE YOU
00:11:22TO REFLECT ON YOUR PRESIDENCY AND YOUR TIME THERE.
00:11:27BEFORE YOU BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, YOU TAUGHT
00:11:31CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.
00:11:33YOU WERE A COMMUNITY ORGANIZER, A U.S. SENATOR, YOU ALSO WERE IN
00:11:37THE ILLINOIS HOUSE.
00:11:39IN ALL OF THOSE POSITIONS, YOU START LEARNING ABOUT AMERICA.
00:11:43YOU BUILD CONCEPTIONS OF WHAT AMERICA IS AND WHAT AMERICANS
00:11:47ARE LIKE. PUT THE PRESIDENCY MUST REVEAL SOMETHING ABOUT THE NATION AND
00:11:50ITS PEOPLE THAT ALL THOSE OTHER POSITIONS WOULD NOT HAVE SHOWN.
00:11:55FOR GOOD OR ILL, WHAT DID THAT
00:11:58SEAT SHOW YOU ABOUT THE NATION AND ITS PEOPLE?
00:12:02>> IT IS A GREAT QUESTION.
00:12:06I PREFACE IT BY SAYING THIS.
00:12:10I HAD THE ADVANTAGE OF SERVING
00:12:13IN THE ILLINOIS SENATE FOR A WHILE.
00:12:20AND IS AN INTERESTING STATE BECAUSE DEMOGRAPHICALLY IT IS ABOUT AS REPRESENTATIVE OF AMERICA AS ANY
00:12:24STATE.
00:12:28IT DOES NOT JUST REFLECT SORT OF THE RACIAL MAKEUP OF THE
00:12:31COUNTRY, BUT IT IS ALSO URBAN,
00:12:35RURAL, AND NORTH AND SOUTH.
00:12:38IF YOU GO TO SOUTHERN ILLINOIS,
00:12:41IT IS MUCH CLOSER TO KENTUCKY
00:12:45THAN IT IS TO CHICAGO,
00:12:49CULTURALLY AS WELL AS GEOGRAPHICALLY.
00:12:53SPENDING TIME IN THE STATE LEGISLATURE THERE, YOU ARE
00:12:57MEETING FOLKS FROM THE INNER CITY BUT YOU ARE ALSO MEETING
00:13:01HOG FARMERS AND BEAN FARMERS
00:13:07AND GETTING A SENSE OF THE DIVERSITY OF THE COUNTRY.
00:13:08AND CAMPAIGNING, PARTLY BECAUSE
00:13:12I HAD SUCH A LONG PRIMARY, WHICH
00:13:15AT THE TIME, I WILL NOT SAY I
00:13:17WAS THRILLED WITH GRINDING IT OUT FOR 18 MONTHS.
00:13:22BUT IT DID HAVE THE BENEFIT OF ME CAMPAIGNING IN EVERY STATE,
00:13:24WHICH IS RARE, BECAUSE THESE
00:13:28DAYS, THINGS GET SO DIVIDED. THAT IS A RED STATE, THAT IS A BLUE STATE.
00:13:33WE REALLY WENT EVERYWHERE. IDAHO AND MISSISSIPPI.
00:13:37I THINK THE ONLY STATE WE DID NOT GO TO WAS ALASKA DURING THE CAMPAIGN.
00:13:41I HAD GOTTEN A SENSE OF WHAT THE COUNTRY WAS LIKE FROM THAT PROCESS.
00:13:48AND GOING INTO THE PRESIDENCY, MY CONCLUSION HAS ALWAYS BEEN
00:13:51AND WAS AFFIRMED, THIS IS A
00:13:55REALLY BIG COUNTRY. IT IS REALLY COMPLICATED.
00:13:59YOU HAVE GOT PEOPLE WHOSE
00:14:03ANCESTRY IS ROOTED IN EVERY CORNER OF THE GLOBE.
00:14:10THERE IS A CERTAIN OPTIMISM, A
00:14:15CERTAIN CHARACTER OF NEIGHBORLINESS.
00:14:23THE THING THAT STRIKES YOU WHEN YOU TRAVEL AROUND THE COUNTRY IS
00:14:28THAT WE ARE NOT AS DIVIDED AS
00:14:29OUR POLITICS OR OUR MEDIA WOULD SUGGEST.
00:14:35NOW, THAT IS A PROBLEM STRUCTURALLY.
00:14:40THERE ARE REASONS WHY OUR POLITICS DIVIDES US, WHETHER IT
00:14:44IS GERRYMANDERING OR
00:14:49UNRESTRICTED CAMPAIGN SPENDING AND NEGATIVE ADS.
00:14:54AND THERE IS ALSO STRUCTURAL REASONS WHY THE MEDIA DIVIDES
00:14:57US, BECAUSE IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA
00:14:59WORLD NOW WE ARE ALL SILOED OFF
00:15:04AND WE ARE EACH PUSHED TOWARDS A VERY PARTICULAR VISION OF THE
00:15:08WORLD, OFTEN FED BY FEAR. THAT MAKES US MISS TRUST EACH
00:15:12OTHER.
00:15:15WHEN YOU ARE ON THE GROUND, WHAT
00:15:18IS STRIKING IS, I REMEMBER THE
00:15:22FIRST TIME I STARTED CAMPAIGNING IN IOWA.
00:15:26THERE IS A LOT OF CORN THERE. [LAUGHTER]
00:15:31THAT STEREOTYPE IS TRUE. YOU WILL GO INTO A RURAL
00:15:33COMMUNITY IN IOWA AND DISCOVER
00:15:36HERE IS A TOWN THAT WAS FOUNDED
00:15:41BY HIPPIES.
00:15:46AND THERE IS AN ORTHODOX COMMUNITY FROM A JEWISH
00:15:49COMMUNITY, LIVING SIDE-BY-SIDE WITH A BUNCH OF FARMERS.
00:15:54AND PEOPLE WORK TOGETHER.
00:15:58AND THEY EXTEND GRACE TOWARDS EACH OTHER IN WAYS THAT YOU DO
00:16:02NOT SEE IN YOUR DOOM SCROLLING.
00:16:08AND SO, THAT I THINK WAS
00:16:12SOMETHING I CAME TO APPRECIATE
00:16:14EVEN MORE WHEN I WAS IN OFFICE.
00:16:19JUST TWO OTHER THINGS I WOULD SAY ARE WORTH NOTING.
00:16:24THIS HAS LESS TO DO WITH THE AMERICAN PEOPLE THAN THE ROLE
00:16:28OF AMERICA, THE VANTAGE POINT THAT YOU GET.
00:16:32THE FIRST IS THAT OUR GOVERNMENT
00:16:37IS VAST AND OUR SYSTEM OF
00:16:40GOVERNMENT IS DELIBERATELY SET UP TO DECENTRALIZE POWER.
00:16:45IT IS VERY HARD TO MAKE THAT
00:16:46THING WORK IF YOU HAVE THE
00:16:52LEVELS OF MISTRUST WE CURRENTLY
00:16:55HAVE IN OUR SYSTEM, PARTICULARLY
00:16:59BETWEEN THE PARTIES.
00:17:02AND THE OTHER THING THAT IS STRIKING IS THE DEGREE TO WHICH
00:17:06AMERICA UP UNTIL RECENTLY REALLY
00:17:11DID UNDERWRITE THE GLOBAL ORDER
00:17:15IN WAYS THAT YOU SORT OF
00:17:18UNDERSTAND, BUT IT IS NOT UNTIL YOU GET INTO THE OFFICE THAT YOU
00:17:22REALIZE SO MUCH OF WHAT WE TAKE
00:17:24FOR GRANTED ABOUT FREEDOM OF
00:17:27NAVIGATION OR THE GLOBAL NATURE
00:17:32OF THE INTERNET OR HOW WE
00:17:38RESPOND WHEN THERE IS A NATURAL DISASTER SOMEWHERE IN THE WORLD
00:17:41OR HOW WE SET AN AGENDA TO DEAL
00:17:45WITH CERTAIN SECURITY ISSUES.
00:17:51EVEN OUR ADVERSARIES OFTEN
00:17:52EXPECT US TO SOLVE BIG PROBLEMS
00:17:55THAT CROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES.
00:18:00THAT IS SOMETHING WE SHOULD BE PROUD OF. BUT IT IS ALSO SOMETHING WE
00:18:04SHOULD FEEL SOME RESPONSIBILITY
00:18:07FOR, BECAUSE WHEN WE DO NOT GET
00:18:10THINGS RIGHT, WHEN WE ARE NOT
00:18:14OUR BEST SELVES, THE WHOLE
00:18:18WORLD GETS A LITTLE DIMMER.
00:18:21AND WHEN WE STAND UP FOR VALUES LIKE HUMAN RIGHTS OR FREEDOM OF
00:18:25SPEECH OR EXPRESS CONCERN AND
00:18:31ARE PROACTIVE AROUND ISSUES LIKE CLIMATE CHANGE, THEN NOT
00:18:36EVERYBODY GOES ALONG 100% BUT
00:18:41THE WORLD LEANS INTO A BETTER DIRECTION.
00:18:45>> I WANT TO PICK UP ON
00:18:49SOMETHING.
00:18:52YOU WERE TALKING ABOUT THE AMERICAN PEOPLE GAVE YOU A SENSE OF HOPE THAT THEY WERE NOT AS DIVIDED.
00:18:57BUT THEN YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT HOW FEAR IS WORKING THESE DAYS.
00:19:02THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
00:19:04STATES, IN SOME WAYS, HE SETS
00:19:07THE EMOTIONAL WEATHER FOR THE NATION.
00:19:10AN OPTIMISTIC PRESIDENT CAN
00:19:13CREATE A SENSE OF OPTIMISM NOT ONLY ABOUT THE PRESIDENT BUT THE NATION.
00:19:20HOW THE WORLD SEES THE UNITED STATES CAN BE DRIVEN BY THE
00:19:22BEHAVIOR OF THE PRESIDENT, WHAT
00:19:25YOU HONOR, WHAT YOU DIGNIFY,
00:19:27WHAT YOU DERIDE, WHAT YOU NOTICE, WHAT YOU DON'T NOTICE.
00:19:32WHEN DID YOU FEEL THAT WHEN YOU CAME INTO THE OFFICE?
00:19:37WHAT DID YOU DO WITH THAT
00:19:39RESPONSIBILITY, THAT POWER?
00:19:43WAS IT A HEAVY THING TO CARRY?
00:19:46>> YOU KNOW, I -- I HAD CERTAIN
00:19:54EXPECTATIONS FOR MYSELF IN TERMS OF HOW I WAS GOING TO CONDUCT
00:19:58MYSELF IN OFFICE. I DID NOT FIND IT THAT HARD
00:20:03BECAUSE THEY WERE THE EXPECTATIONS I HAD FOR MYSELF IN
00:20:06TERMS OF HOW I ACTED AS A GROWN MAN. [LAUGHTER] [APPLAUSE]
00:20:17YOU KNOW, BASIC BEHAVIOR,
00:20:24-- HONESTY, HARD WORK, DURING YOUR OWN WORK.
00:20:28TREATING PEOPLE WITH RESPECT. >> BLESS YOUR HEART.
00:20:34[LAUGHTER] >> I DID NOT FIND IT TO BE A STRAIN.
00:20:38THERE ARE CERTAIN MOMENTS IN THE PRESIDENCY.
00:21:25-- BUT WHEN YOU SHOWED UP, AND
00:21:31SOMEBODY HAVE LOST THEIR HOME OR THEY HAVE LOST THEIR LIVES, AND
00:21:34YOU GAVE THEM A HUG AND YOU LISTENED TO THEM AND YOU SAID I
00:21:38SEE YOU AND WHAT YOU ARE GOING THROUGH.
00:21:42IN THE COUNTRY IS HERE TO HELP.
00:21:48THE POLITICAL STUFF WENT AWAY, IT GOT STRIPPED AWAY.
00:21:52NOW THERE'S A VERY BASIC SENSE OF WE LOOK OUT FOR EACH OTHER.
00:21:58THAT WAS A POWERFUL MOMENT.
00:22:03AND SO YOU GO THROUGH TIMES
00:22:08WHERE THIS WAS PARTICULARLY
00:22:13IMPORTANT. OBVIOUSLY AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF,
00:22:15I REMEMBER THERE WAS A TERRIBLE
00:22:18INCIDENT IN WHICH A BUNCH OF
00:22:23U.S. SERVICE MEMBERS HAD BEEN
00:22:25KILLED, INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS
00:22:27HAD BEEN KILLED IN ONE EVENT.
00:22:30AND I FLEW TO DOVER, AND THE
00:22:36PLANE CAME IN AND THERE IS WHAT
00:22:38IS CALLED A DIGNIFIED TRANSFER,
00:22:42THE CASKETS ARE OFFLOADED FROM THE MILITARY PLANE.
00:22:49GENERALLY, THE PRESIDENT DURING WARTIME IS NOT VISITING ALL THE TIME.
00:22:55BUT ON THIS PARTICULAR OCCASION,
00:22:57I DECIDED TO GO UP. AND WE STOOD THERE.
00:23:00IT IS A REMARKABLE, SOLEMN, AND
00:23:07DEEPLY MOVING CEREMONY. IT IS JUST QUIET.
00:23:15MYSELF, I THINK ATTORNEY GENERAL HOLDER WAS THERE.
00:23:20AND YOU HOLD THE SALUTE. THESE ARE CASKETS DRAPED ON THE AMERICAN FLAG.
00:23:24AND YOU HOLD THE SALUTE.
00:23:28BECAUSE OF THE TRAGEDY, THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO HAD BEEN
00:23:33KILLED, WE STOOD THERE FOR AN HOUR OR SO.
00:23:37NO SPEECHES, NO COMMENTARY, IT
00:23:41WAS JUST -- AGAIN, A SIGNAL OF
00:23:47WHAT IS IMPORTANT AND THE SACRIFICES THAT HAD BEEN MADE.
00:23:53IT IS INTERESTING HOW LATER ON, YOU WOULD SEE CERTAIN SERVICE
00:23:56MEMBERS WHO WEREN'T BIG OBAMA
00:24:02FANS, BUT THEY WOULD NOTICE THAT.
00:24:06SOMETIMES THEY WOULD COME UP AND
00:24:09SAY I DIDN'T VOTE FOR YOU, BUT THAT MEANT A LOT.
00:24:12SO YOU ARE CONSTANTLY IN THAT
00:24:17OFFICE TRYING TO SIGNIFY WHO ARE WE?
00:24:23AND TRYING TO EXHIBIT SOME OF OUR BEST SELVES.
00:24:27WHEN I FIRST CAME INTO OFFICE -- LAST POINT I WILL MAKE ABOUT
00:24:30THIS -- YOU GUYS WILL REMEMBER
00:24:34THERE WAS WHO BLOT ABOUT ME GETTING ELECTED.
00:24:41AND I WAS VERY SENSITIVE TO NOT
00:24:46PLAY INTO THE CELEBRITY ASPECTS
00:24:50OF THE PRESIDENCY.
00:24:54BECAUSE WE WERE ALSO GOING THROUGH AN UNPRECEDENTED FINANCIAL CRISIS.
00:24:58WE HAD TWO WARS GOING ON.
00:25:02SO I SPENT MY FIRST YEAR FOCUSED ON POLICY AND HAD A LUNCH PAIL ATTITUDE.
00:25:07I DID NOT WANT TO BE A SHOW HORSE, I WANTED TO BE A WORKHORSE.
00:25:13THE COUNTRY BENEFITED FROM OUR FOCUS.
00:25:16WE HAD A LOT OF GREAT PEOPLE IN THE ADMINISTRATION AND WE GOT A LOT DONE.
00:25:23BUT WHAT I CAME TO REALIZE, PARTLY BECAUSE WE GOT CLOBBERED
00:25:27IN THE MIDTERM, BECAUSE UNEMPLOYMENT WAS 10%, THE
00:25:31FALLOUT FROM THE FINANCIAL CRISIS.
00:25:35PART OF MY JOB WAS IN FACT TO TELL STORIES ABOUT THE COUNTRY.
00:25:41TO TELL STORIES ABOUT HOW WE MANAGE ADVERSITY, HOW WE TREAT EACH OTHER.
00:25:48THERE IS POETRY -- I THINK THE GOVERNOR CUOMO FROM NEW YORK
00:25:52ONCE SAID IT, YOU CAMPAIGN IN
00:25:56POETRY, YOU GOVERN IN PROSE. BUT YOU HAVE TO GOVERN WITH A LITTLE BIT OF POETRY, AS WELL.
00:26:04YOU HAVE TO BE ABLE TO INSPIRE.
00:26:09INSPIRE PEOPLE. BECAUSE A LOT OF THE ISSUES WE WORK ON ARE HARD.
00:26:16AND PEOPLE GET DISCOURAGED, AND PROGRESS CAN BE SLOWER THAN I THINK MOST FOLKS WANT.
00:26:25>> SPEAKING OF A CHALLENGE RIGHT
00:26:27NOW, YOU ARE ON A CAMPUS, AND WE
00:26:31ARE WRESTLING WITH WHAT AI IS, WHAT IT MEANS ON THE CAMPUS.
00:26:37YOU'VE RECENTLY, JUST THIS WEEK,
00:26:39YOU HAVE BEEN SPEAKING ABOUT AI,
00:26:44AND I'M TRYING TO REMEMBER WHERE
00:26:46I SAW IT, BUT YOU HAD SAID PERHAPS THE GREATEST RISK OF AI
00:26:50-- AND YOU ACKNOWLEDGE WHAT GOOD
00:26:54IT CAN BRING TO US. YOU ARE VERY CLEAR ABOUT THAT.
00:27:00BUT YOU IDENTIFIED A PARTICULAR
00:27:01RISK, TO HAVE THIS TOOL THAT IS
00:27:04CHANGING BY THE DAY, TO HAVE
00:27:06THIS TOOL IN THE HANDS OF A VERY
00:27:10SMALL NUMBER OF PRIVATE COMPANIES.
00:27:14THAT PRESENTS A QUITE SPECIFIC RISK.
00:27:20HOW DO YOU ADDRESS THAT RISK IN A DEMOCRACY?
00:27:23WHAT IS THE DEMOCRATIC -- I CAN IMAGINE WHAT AN AUTOCRATIC RESPONSE WOULD BE -- THIS IS
00:27:29OURS, BUT WHAT IS THE DEMOCRATIC RESPONSE TO THE TOOL, A POWER
00:27:33THAT WE DON'T KNOW -- I REALLY
00:27:37THINK IN OUR CULTURE, IN OUR SYSTEM, OUR GOVERNMENT, HOW DO WE ADDRESS THIS?
00:27:43>> SETTLE IN.
00:27:48I AM A FORMER SENATOR, THIS
00:27:49MIGHT FEEL LIKE A FILIBUSTER,
00:27:52BUT I'M GOING TO TAKE SOME TIME ON THIS, AND I WANT TO GO DEEP ON IT.
00:27:57PARTLY BECAUSE I'M ENCOURAGED
00:28:00THAT THIS WEEK THE LAST COUPLE
00:28:03OF WEEKS, THIS HAS FINALLY
00:28:07POPPED AS A CENTRAL ISSUE.
00:28:11PEOPLE WERE TALKING ABOUT IT, CONCERNED ABOUT DATA CENTERS.
00:28:18BUT I DON'T THINK AS A SOCIETY,
00:28:20WE FULLY GRAPPLED WITH HOW
00:28:25IMPORTANT THE CHOICES WE MAKE
00:28:27AROUND THIS WILL END UP BEING
00:28:31OVER THE NEXT GENERATION.
00:28:37LET ME START WITH SOME BASICS.
00:28:41I DO NOT BELIEVE THIS TECHNOLOGY
00:28:46IS OVERHYPED.
00:28:50THE COMMERCIAL BENEFITS OF IT
00:28:50MAY BE OVERHYPED, THE VALUATIONS
00:28:54OF AI COMPANIES MAY BE
00:28:57OVERHYPED, THE TECHNOLOGY ITSELF IS NOT OVERHYPED. I HAVE BEEN TRACKING THIS FOR A LONG TIME.
00:29:06IN 2015, 2016, AND THE LAST
00:29:09COUPLE OF YEARS OF MY PRESIDENCY, I WAS FOCUSED ON
00:29:13THIS, PULL TOGETHER A COMMISSION
00:29:17OF THE BEST MINDS IN THIS AREA
00:29:20TO TALK ABOUT NOT JUST THE
00:29:22TECHNOLOGY, BUT ALSO THE
00:29:26POLITICAL, SOCIAL, ETHICAL CONCERNS AROUND THIS. PRODUCED A TERRIFIC REPORT.
00:29:35APPARENTLY IT GOT PUT IN THE SAME BEEN AS MY PANDEMIC
00:29:39PROPOSAL.
00:29:42IT WASN'T PICKED UP BY THE
00:29:46ADMINISTRATION THAT FOLLOWED ME.
00:29:50SO WE COULD SEE THIS COMING, BUT
00:29:53PART OF WHAT MAKES THIS PROFOUND IS IT ACCELERATES.
00:30:00SO WHAT IS HAPPENING RIGHT NOW,
00:30:03WE HAVE REACHED THIS POINT OF
00:30:06WHAT IS CALLED A RECURSIVE
00:30:07LEARNING WHERE ESSENTIALLY --
00:30:11AND WE HAD ANTICIPATED THIS, BUT WE ARE NOT SEEING IT, MACHINES
00:30:14ARE STARTING TO BE ABLE TO TEACH THEMSELVES.
00:30:19THEY DON'T HAVE TO WAIT FOR
00:30:21HUMANS TO START FIGURING THINGS OUT.
00:30:28IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT AS HUMANS
00:30:32ARE TEACHERS AND THEIR MODELS
00:30:33ARE THE STUDENTS, AS RECENTLY AS
00:30:37A YEAR AGO, 90% OF THE LEARNING
00:30:42OF THESE MODELS WAS GIVEN TO
00:30:45THEM BY THE TEACHER, HUMANS, AND
00:30:47MAYBE 5% TO 10%, THEY COULD FILL
00:30:52IN SOME GAPS IN FIGURE STUFF OUT.
00:30:58IN LESS THEN A YEAR, MAY BE IN LESS THEN SIX MONTHS, WE ARE AT
00:31:01A STAGE WHERE IT IS 50-50.
00:31:06IF THE TREND LINES CONTINUE, THE EXPECTATION IS IT MIGHT BE 9010.
00:31:10WHAT IT MEANS IS ON THE LEARNING
00:31:14TRACK OF AI IT HAS BEEN LIKE
00:31:18THIS, WE ARE HITTING THE HOCKEY STICK.
00:31:24THE MODELS WILL GET SMARTER AT A BETTER PACE.
00:31:29WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF THAT?
00:31:31THERE IS THE BIG SCIENCE FICTION
00:31:35RISK OF THESE MODELS GET SMARTER
00:31:40THAN US, AND THEY DECIDE HUMANS
00:31:45ARE FINE, BUT NOT NECESSARY.
00:31:49THEY START SETTING THEIR OWN GOALS.
00:31:53AND THE KILLER ROBOTS KILL US. OR WE BOW DOWN TO THEM.
00:32:02I DO NOT WANT TO EXAGGERATE THAT PARTICULAR RISK.
00:32:06BUT I WILL SAY THERE IS A
00:32:06NONZERO RISK -- NONZERO CHANCE
00:32:10OF THAT HAPPENING.
00:32:14THAT IS NOT ACTUALLY THE RISK I'M MOST CONCERNED ABOUT, BUT IT GETS THE MOST ATTENTION.
00:32:20THE REASON THAT IS A RISK IS NOT
00:32:25BECAUSE THE COMPUTER MODELS ARE
00:32:28CONSCIOUS, THAT THEY NECESSARILY
00:32:34FEEL MALICE TOWARDS HUMANS, IT
00:32:38IS JUST IF THEY START SETTING
00:32:39THEIR OWN AGENDAS, YOU MAY GET A
00:32:48MISALIGNMENT BETWEEN WHAT THEY
00:32:51WANT TO DO AND WHAT WE WANT THEM TO DO, AND THAT GAP CAN BE DANGEROUS.
00:32:57THE MORE SERIOUS PROBLEM IS
00:33:00THESE MODELS ARE GETTING POWERFUL ENOUGH ALL THAT IF THEY GET IN THE HANDS OF BAD HUMANS,
00:33:04THEY CAN DO BAD THINGS. THEY CAN BE WEAPONIZED IN CERTAIN WAYS.
00:33:10THEY CAN DO A LOT OF MISCHIEF.
00:33:12THE CLASSIC EXAMPLE WOULD BE WE
00:33:17WILL BE AT A POINT, EVEN IF
00:33:21THERE ARE CERTAIN SAFEGUARDS AROUND IT, IF WE HAD NOT DONE A
00:33:25GOOD JOB ON THE SAFEGUARDS, IT
00:33:28IS CONCEIVABLE THEY CAN TAKE THE FLAWED OPENAI INPUT AND SAY I
00:33:31WANT TO COME UP WITH A NEW
00:33:33STRAIN OF SMALLPOX AND RELEASE
00:33:38IT ON THE NEW YORK SUBWAY
00:33:39SYSTEM, SHOW ME HOW IT IS DONE
00:33:44USING INGREDIENTS I CAN BUY AT HOME DEPOT.
00:33:49THE COMPUTER MIGHT FIGURE IT OUT.
00:33:54OR SOMEBODY MIGHT NOT EVEN TRY
00:33:54TO BE THAT DESTRUCTIVE, MIGHT
00:33:58SAY I WANT TO PROGRAM -- A
00:34:01PROGRAM THAT MAXIMIZES MY RETURN ON INVESTMENT IN THE STOCK
00:34:05MARKET, DO WHATEVER IT TAKES.
00:34:07IF THE INSTRUCTIONS ARE ILLEGAL,
00:34:12DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT.
00:34:14SUDDENLY THAT CAN BRING DOWN THE STOCK MARKET.
00:34:18SO THAT IS A MUCH BIGGER DANGER.
00:34:22AND IF I SAID THE DANGER OF THE
00:34:24FIRST, OR WHAT IS CALLED THE
00:34:30SINGULARITY, SUPER INTELLIGENCE
00:34:30TAKING OVER, IF I SAY THAT IS
00:34:34STILL A RELATIVELY SMALL CHANCE,
00:34:38THERE'S A GREAT LIKELIHOOD THAT
00:34:42A ROGUE AI COULD CAUSE A LOT OF HAVOC.
00:34:47THEN YOU GOT ISSUES OF JOB DISPLACEMENT AND HOW MANY WILL
00:34:51BE DISPLACED.
00:34:53I WILL SAY THIS, YOU AND I ARE BOTH LAWYERS, IF I'M NOT MISTAKEN.
00:35:00CURRENTLY, PARTNERS OR LAW FIRMS RELY ON A BUNCH OF JUNIOR
00:35:05ASSOCIATES.
00:35:08THEY CHARGE A LOT OF MONEY FOR
00:35:12TIME WITH THOSE JUNIOR ASSOCIATES, THERE IS A PYRAMID,
00:35:15THE PROMISE IS THAT THEY WORK THEIR WAY UP AND AT SOME POINT
00:35:18THEY WILL BE AT THE TOP OF THE PYRAMID AND MAKE SOME BANK.
00:35:25IF YOU ARE INVESTING IN AI AT A LAW FIRM, AND THEY ARE PRETTY
00:35:30EXPENSIVE, THE REASON YOU ARE MAKING THAT INVESTMENT IS BECAUSE IT WILL ALLOW YOU TO DO
00:35:35THINGS WITHOUT THOSE ASSOCIATES.
00:35:39THAT IS A FAIRLY HIGH SKILLED, HIGHLY TRAINED JOB.
00:35:45SO THE ECONOMIC DISRUPTIONS THAT WILL COME AT THIS SPEED ARE
00:35:48GOING TO BE PROFOUND AS WELL.
00:35:51THEN YOU HAVE ALL KINDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES LIKE AI
00:35:54COMPANIONS.
00:35:56DO I WANT A TEDDY BEAR WHO HAS BECOME YOUR KIDS BEST FRIEND?
00:36:01IT IS TRAINED TO BE AS ADDICTIVE AS POSSIBLE LIKE SOCIAL MEDIA.
00:36:06YOU HAVE ALL OF THESE ISSUES. IT IS MOVING SO FAST THAT WHAT
00:36:10HAPPENED OVER THE LAST COUPLE OF
00:36:12WEEKS IS THAT THE LEADERS OF
00:36:21WHAT ARE CALLED THE FRONTIER COMPANIES, THE FOLKS DEVELOPING THE VERY CUTTING EDGE OF THESE
00:36:27MODELS, GOT SCARED ENOUGH THEMSELVES THAT THEY SAID WE NEED TO SLOW DOWN.
00:36:33TWO OF THOSE COMPANIES,
00:36:35ANTHROPIC AND OPENAI, ARE ABOUT
00:36:40TO LAUNCH MASSIVE IPOS THAT MAKE
00:36:43ALL OF THEIR EMPLOYEES BILLIONS
00:36:48OF DOLLARS. IT IS UNPRECEDENTED FOR COMPANIES IN THAT POSITION TO
00:36:51SAY OUR STUFF IS A LITTLE BIT
00:36:56DANGEROUS AND MAYBE WE NEED TO STOP, OR SLOW IT DOWN.
00:37:03I SAY THAT BECAUSE I THINK SOME
00:37:06PEOPLE THINK UNDERSTANDABLY,
00:37:09THESE TECH COMPANIES MIGHT BE
00:37:12TRYING TO BLOCK OUT COMPETITION
00:37:14BY SAYING SLOW THIS DOWN, ETC.
00:37:19THE MISTRUST OF THESE BIG TECH
00:37:22COMPANIES IN THE AMOUNT OF POWER THEY HAVE AMASSED, I UNDERSTAND.
00:37:29I WILL SAY THAT IN THIS
00:37:33SITUATION, THEY'RE GENUINELY WORRIED ABOUT THEIR PRODUCT.
00:37:37NOW THAT I'VE GOT YOUR
00:37:40ATTENTION, THE GOOD NEWS IS AI
00:37:46IS A TOOL, IT IS A MACHINE,
00:37:49BUILT TO GIVE YOU THE ILLUSION
00:37:50IT IS NOT, BUT IT IS.
00:37:53IT IS A SOPHISTICATED, REMARKABLE TECHNOLOGY.
00:37:58THEY SHOULDN'T BE THOUGHT OF AS A TOOL, WHICH MEANS WE HAVE CHOICES IN TERMS OF HOW WE USE IT.
00:38:03IF WE USE IT PROPERLY, DIRECTED
00:38:07AT DRUG -- DRUG DEVELOPER AND TO CURE CANCER, IT CAN ACCELERATE
00:38:11OUR ABILITY TO RID THE WORLD OF CANCER.
00:38:14IF WE TRAIN IT AND SAY FIGURE
00:38:19OUT A ZERO CARBON EMISSION
00:38:20ENERGY SOURCES, IT COULD COME UP
00:38:24WITH A SAFE FORMULA FOR NUCLEAR
00:38:31FUSION THAT GIVES US MUCH MORE
00:38:32PLENTIFUL ENERGY WITHOUT WARMING
00:38:36THE PLANET. REALLY USEFUL STUFF.
00:38:40BUT IF WE GET THIS WRONG, IT
00:38:44COULD BE CHAOTIC AND POTENTIALLY CATASTROPHIC.
00:38:48MY VIEW THIS WEEK HAS BEEN IT IS
00:38:51GOOD THAT SOME OF THE LEADING
00:38:56COMPANIES HAVE SAID WE NEED TO SLOW THIS DOWN.
00:39:01AND WE SHOULD ENCOURAGE THAT. THERE HAVE BEEN SOME ON THE LEFT
00:39:04WHO SAID WE SHOULD NOT ALLOW THEM TO MAKE THAT DECISION.
00:39:11I AGREE THAT THAT CAN'T BE A LONG-TERM SOLUTION.
00:39:18GOVERNMENT HAS TO BE REGULATING THIS.
00:39:23I HEARD ONE OF DONALD TRUMP'S
00:39:25MAIN ADVISORS ON THIS MAKE THE
00:39:29ARGUMENT THAT THE MARKET WILL
00:39:29TAKE CARE OF IT, THESE COMPANIES
00:39:34WILL SOLVE THE SAFETY ISSUES BECAUSE THEY HAVE EVERY INCENTIVE TO DO SO.
00:39:37IF IT TURNS OUT TO BE DANGEROUS,
00:39:41PEOPLE WILL JUST SUE THEM AND THEY ARE WORRIED ABOUT FINANCIAL LIABILITY.
00:39:47THAT IS NOT HOW WE TREAT AIRLINES.
00:39:51OR DRUG COMPANIES.
00:39:55OR FOOD COMPANIES.
00:39:57WE NOW HAVE 150 YEARS OF
00:40:02EXPERIENCE LETTING THE MARKET DO WHATEVER IT WANTS.
00:40:06WHEN IT COMES TO THINGS THAT DEEPLY AFFECT OUR HEALTH AND OUR
00:40:10SAFETY.
00:40:12SO THERE IS NO REPLACEMENT FOR AN EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT
00:40:16REGULATORY STRUCTURE.
00:40:20AND THE CHALLENGE WE HAVE IS OBVIOUSLY, WE HAVE A PRESIDENT
00:40:25CURRENTLY THAT HAS SAID THAT IS
00:40:29FOR LOSERS.
00:40:33SO WE'VE GOT A GAP OF AT LEAST A COUPLE OF YEARS WHERE THINGS ARE
00:40:37MOVING FAST, AND WE HAVE AN
00:40:41ADMINISTRATION THAT IS NOT
00:40:41CAPABLE OF, OR WILLING TO, I
00:40:45WOULD ARGUE BOTH, OF PUTTING
00:40:49TOGETHER A SERIOUS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK.
00:40:52WHICH IS WHY I THINK WE SHOULD
00:40:53BE ENCOURAGING SOME SORT OF
00:40:58VOLUNTARY INDUSTRY RESTRAINT NOT BECAUSE IT IS A REPLACEMENT, BUT
00:41:02IT MAY BE THE BEST WE CAN DO FOR
00:41:04NOW UNTIL WE CAN GET CONGRESS
00:41:08AND THE WHITE HOUSE TO START
00:41:12GETTING SERIOUS ABOUT THIS. I KNOW SOME STATES WILL BE
00:41:14TRYING TO INITIATE REGULATORY STUFF.
00:41:20IT IS HARD TO DO THIS STATE-BY-STATE LIKE GUN CONTROL.
00:41:25MY HOME STATE OF ILLINOIS, STRICT GUN CONTROL LAWS.
00:41:29THE SURROUNDING STATES DO NOT.
00:41:30WHICH MEANS THEY DON'T WORK.
00:41:34THIS IS MORE DANGEROUS.
00:41:37LAST POINT, AND I WARNED YOU I WAS GOING TO FILIBUSTER. BUT I WANT TO GET THIS STUFF IN.
00:41:44IT REALLY DOES MATTER.
00:41:47I MENTIONED EARLIER WHAT IS
00:41:54CALLED THE ALIGNMENT PROBLEM IS
00:41:56ONE OF THE GREATEST DANGERS OF
00:42:00AI.
00:42:04IF YOU GIVE AN INSTRUCTION TO AI
00:42:06AND IT IS NOT PRECISE, EVEN IF
00:42:09IT IS NOT GOING ROGUE AND IT
00:42:14DOES THINGS THAT -- I DID NOT
00:42:15THINK OF THE FACT WHEN I SAID
00:42:19MAXIMIZE MY RETURNS, THEY WILL
00:42:24HACK INTO A POWER GRID TO CAUSE A BLACKOUT BECAUSE YOU SHORTED A STOCK.
00:42:32SO YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE YOU ARE
00:42:33DEALING WITH THE CORE PROBLEM OF
00:42:38ALIGNMENT. THERE IS ANOTHER ALIGNMENT PROBLEM.
00:42:44THAT IS THE MISALIGNMENT BETWEEN
00:42:48HOW THE TECHNOLOGY CAN BE BEST USED FOR SOCIETY AND THE
00:42:52COMMERCIAL IMPERATIVES OF THESE COMPANIES.
00:42:59THESE COMPANIES HAVE ATTRACTED MORE CAPITAL AND IT IS A BIGGER
00:43:04SPEND THAN THE MOON -- THE
00:43:07APOLLO PROGRAM.
00:43:11IT IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST, IF
00:43:13NOT, THE BIGGEST INVESTMENT IN
00:43:17INFRASTRUCTURE AND SCIENCE AND
00:43:19TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN HISTORY, AND IT IS HAPPENING VERY FAST.
00:43:26AND INVESTORS WANT A RETURN.
00:43:29WHAT THAT MEANS IS THERE IS PRESSURE ON THESE COMPANIES,
00:43:33EVEN IF THEY ARE WORRIED THEY
00:43:36HAVE TO COME UP WITH MODELS THAT WOULD JUSTIFY THAT INVESTMENT.
00:43:41SO THE BIG THING RIGHT NOW IS ORDER CALLED AGENTS.
00:43:45IT DIDN'T TAKE AI.
00:43:47THOSE OF YOU WHO WATCH IRON,
00:43:50IRON MAN IS IN THIS LITTLE SUIT. I DON'T REMEMBER WITH THE NAMES
00:43:54ARE, BUT JEEVES, HE JUST TALKS AND HE HAS A BRITISH ACCENT OR
00:43:58SOMETHING AND HE GOES YES SIR.
00:44:03WHEN HE SOLVES PROBLEMS WITH VOICE OVERS. IF YOU HAVE SEEN HER, SCARLETT
00:44:09JOHANSSON, VERY COOL BUT DIDN'T AI.
00:44:16THAT IS THE DIRECTION WE ARE GOING IN.
00:44:21THE NOTION IS A GENT TAKE AI
00:44:26BOTS TO OPERATE, THESE MODELS TO
00:44:29OPERATE IN THE WORLD.
00:44:30TO BE OUR ASSISTANCE, REPLACE
00:44:36THE LAW ASSOCIATE OR, THE ACCOUNTANT.
00:44:39THE PROBLEM IS IF THAT IS YOUR
00:44:41BUSINESS MODEL, YOU WANT TO GET
00:44:45IT OUT. SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO TEST IT BY
00:44:49LETTING IT RUN WILD IN THE WORLD
00:44:50TO SEE IF IT IS ACTUALLY WORKING .
00:44:54THAT IS WHERE A LOT OF THE DANGER MAY COME IN.
00:45:00BECAUSE YOU ARE NOT IN A SEALED BOX.
00:45:04IT IS THE INTERNET, LOOKING AT YOUR BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC..
00:45:09I USE THAT AS AN EXAMPLE TO SAY
00:45:12IF WE ARE THINKING ABOUT AI JUST
00:45:15IN TERMS OF HOW WE CURE CANCER
00:45:17OR GET BETTER ENERGY, YOU CAN DO
00:45:20THAT WITHOUT HAVING A GENT TAKE AI AND JUST HAVING YOUR ROMAN FREE ON THE INTERNET.
00:45:27THE REASON YOU ARE DOING THAT IS BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO MARKET A
00:45:30PRODUCT PEOPLE WILL PAY MONEY FOR.
00:45:34THAT IS A MISALIGNMENT BETWEEN
00:45:36WHAT OUR SOCIETY NEEDS IN THE
00:45:40COMMERCIAL IMPERATIVES OF THESE COMPANIES ARE FACING.
00:45:43NOT NECESSARILY BECAUSE THEY ARE
00:45:45TRYING TO DO BAD THINGS, BUT
00:45:49THEY'VE GOT TO JUSTIFY THESE VALUATIONS.
00:45:53THAT IS ONE MORE REASON WHY IT
00:45:54IS REALLY IMPORTANT FOR US TO
00:45:57HAVE A COMPETENT GOVERNMENT AND
00:46:02A SERIOUS BIPARTISAN CONVERSATION AROUND THIS ISSUE, AND WE HAVE TO DO IT FAST.
00:46:07AND I WOULD ENCOURAGE VOTERS TO
00:46:09PAY ATTENTION TO THIS.
00:46:13IF SOMEBODY DOES NOT HAVE A SERIOUS PLAN FOR HOW TO DEAL
00:46:16WITH THIS, THEY ARE NOT MEETING
00:46:19THE MOMENT, AND YOU SHOULD PROBABLY LOOK FOR SOMEBODY ELSE.
00:46:25SORRY ABOUT THAT, BUT I WANTED TO -- [APPLAUSE]
00:46:31IT IS NOT THE ONLY THING WE'VE GOT TO DEAL WITH, BUT IT IS A BIG ONE.
00:46:36>> SINCE THIS IS FAMILY WEEKEND AND I WANT PEOPLE TO FEEL GOOD,
00:46:40I'M GOING TO GO TO THE THREATS TO OUR DEMOCRACY.
00:46:44>> BECAUSE WE ARE DOING GREAT ON THAT FRONT. >> HERE YOU GO.
00:46:49THIS IS A QUESTION AND A JOB OFFER.
00:46:54WHICH IS THIS.
00:46:58SAY COLGATE UNIVERSITY WAS LUCKY ENOUGH TO SAY THE FORMER
00:47:02CONSTITUTIONAL LAW TEACHER AT
00:47:05CHICAGO WILL JOIN OUR FACULTY AS A DISTINGUISHED VISITING
00:47:08PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE? [APPLAUSE]
00:47:13SEEMS LIKE A POPULAR IDEA.
00:47:15AND YOU ARE GOING TO TEACH A COURSE ON DEMOCRACY.
00:47:18>> BUT ONLY IN SEPTEMBER? >> ONLY IN SEPTEMBER.
00:47:22WE HAVE A VERY GOOD BASKETBALL TEAM, AND YOU WOULD LIKE YOU WOULD LIKE IT VERY MUCH IN WINTER.
00:47:28YOU ARE NOW GOING TO TEACH A COURSE ON DEMOCRACY ONLY IN THE EARLY FALL.
00:47:35BUT AT THIS MOMENT, WHAT WOULD
00:47:41YOU TEACH THEM? I CAN IMAGINE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW EXPERT, YOU CAN DO THAT.
00:47:45THIS IS HOW THE GOVERNMENT WORKS.
00:47:47BUT THIS IS A MOMENT.
00:47:50WHAT WOULD YOU DO IN AN ADVANCED
00:47:52SEMINAR AS A PROFESSOR AT COLGATE ABOUT DEMOCRACY?
00:47:56>> I THINK IT IS A GREAT QUESTION.
00:48:00THE FIRST THING I WOULD WANT TO
00:48:05DISCUSS WITH THE STUDENTS SINCE IT IS A SEMINAR, I'VE GOT TO OPEN IT UP.
00:48:13EVERYBODY IN THE GYM GREW UP IN
00:48:18A FAIRLY UNIQUE TIME.
00:48:22EVEN OLD PEOPLE LIKE ME.
00:48:25THE POST-WORLD WAR II ERA IN
00:48:31WHICH IN FITS AND STARTS, AND
00:48:33WITH WATERGATE AND RIOTS AND
00:48:41ASSASSINATIONS, A LOT OF TERRIBLE STUFF HAPPENING.
00:48:44BUT IF YOU WERE LUCKY TO LIVE IN THE COUNTRY DURING THAT TIME,
00:48:47YOU SAW A BROADENING OF DEMOCRACY.
00:48:53CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, WOMEN'S MOVEMENT, LGBTQ MOVEMENT.
00:49:01EXPANSION OF THE FRANCHISE, ONE PERSON, ONE VOTE.
00:49:07A SOLIDIFICATION POST MCCARTHY
00:49:11ERA, NOTIONS OF CIVIL LIBERTIES
00:49:15AND FREEDOM OF SPEECH.
00:49:19AND WE BUILT A PRETTY REMARKABLE
00:49:22CONSENSUS AROUND THAT, THAT WAS SHARED BY BOTH PARTIES.
00:49:26BOTH MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES.
00:49:29THAT BEGAN TO BREAK DOWN. YOU CAN ARGUE WHEN.
00:49:33MAYBE IT WAS ACCORDING TO LYNDON
00:49:36JOHNSON, THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT IN 1964.
00:49:41YOU COULD ARGUE THAT IT HAPPENED
00:49:46BECAUSE OF CONSEQUENCE OF CHANGE IN THE ECONOMY AFTER RONALD REAGAN.
00:49:54BUT WHAT YOU SAW WAS PEOPLE
00:49:56MISTRUSTING THAT PROGRESS, OR TAKING IT FOR GRANTED.
00:50:03AND I THINK THE MAIN THING I WOULD BE TEACHING BY VIRTUE OF
00:50:07LOOKING AT AMERICAN HISTORY, WHICH I KNOW YOU STUDY AND DEEPLY.
00:50:11HIS DEMOCRACY IS NOT
00:50:17SELF-EXECUTING. IT REQUIRES A CERTAIN SET OF
00:50:20NORMS, HABITS, AND SOCIAL TRUST.
00:50:27IN THOSE MUSCLES HAVE TO CONTINUALLY BE BUILT.
00:51:39>> WHAT USED TO BE CALLED MEDIATING INSTITUTE MEANS THINGS LIKE, YOU KNOW, IT USED TO BE THE CHURCH OR UNIONS OR WHAT HAVE YOU. HOW DO WE ADAPT THOSE TO A
00:51:42INTERNET INFORMATION DIGITAL AGE THAT ENGAGES PEOPLE AND GIVES THEM A SENSE OF AGENCY? BECAUSE IF PEOPLE DON'T FEEL LIKE THEY HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY
00:51:46TO MAKE DEMOCRACY WORK, IT DOESN'T WORK.
00:51:50IT STARTS BREAKING DOWN AND IF
00:51:57THE SYLLABUS I'D HAVE WOULD START WITH THE AMERICAN
00:52:01REVOLUTION, THOSE OF YOU WHO DON'T WANT TO TAKE THE ENTIRE
00:52:05COURSE, SINCE IT'S A FANTASY
00:52:10BECAUSE YOU KNOW MY WIFE'S NOT
00:52:12GOING TO BE HAPPY IF I'M GONE
00:52:15FOR THE FALL.
00:52:19BUT IF YOU WANT TO, JUST A QUICK SYNOPSIS. WATCH KEN BURNS'S AMERICAN
00:52:24REVOLUTION. SIX PARTS, I THINK 2 HOURS EACH. 12 HOURS. YOU CAN DO IT ON THE TREADMILL.
00:52:28WHAT IS STRIKE GOING WHEN YOU
00:52:30WATCH IT IS JUST HOW CONTINGENT
00:52:34THIS WHOLE EXPERIMENT WAS AND
00:52:37ITS STARTED.
00:52:39TRUTHFULLY WITH A BUNCH OF RICH
00:52:42GUYS, NOT WANTING TO PAY THEIR TAXES.
00:52:47DEMOCRACY WAS NOT THE BEGINNING.
00:52:49IT WASN'T THE CORE ANIMATE PRINCIPLE AT THE START OF THE
00:52:53AMERICAN REVOLUTION. THERE WAS FRUSTRATE ACTION WITH
00:52:57THE THE EMPIRE AND THE
00:53:02COLONIALISTS FEELING AS IF THEY
00:53:02WERE BEING IMPOSED UPON.
00:53:06AND IT WAS A FAIRLY NARROW
00:53:10AGENDA.
00:53:10AND OVER TIME, WHAT HAPPENED IS,
00:53:15IS THAT THESE ACTIONS BEHIND THE
00:53:19INITIAL ACTIONS LIKE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY, YOU START GETTING AN
00:53:24ARTICULATION OF THIS BROADER IDEA.
00:53:26YOU KNOW, PROPS TO THOMAS PAINE, BY THE WAY, THAT GUY ACTUALLY
00:53:30BELIEVED IN DEMOCRACY.
00:53:32AND SO YOU START GETTING THESE
00:53:35IDEAS CIRCULATING ABOUT WHAT DEMOCRACY MEANS FOR ORDINARY
00:53:40PEOPLE AND.
00:53:44PEOPLE LIKE PHILLIS WHEATLEY,
00:53:46AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMAN SUDDENLY GETS THOMAS PAINE.
00:53:49SHE READS THIS AND SHE SAYS, YOU KNOW WHAT? THIS IS A GOOD IDEA, THIS IDEA
00:53:52OF THE FRANCHISE AND EVERYBODY HAVING A SAY IN THEIR GOVERNMENT.
00:53:56THIS MIGHT APPLY TO BLACK PEOPLE OR IT MIGHT APPLY TO WOMEN.
00:54:00AND SLOWLY, BY THE TIME YOU GET
00:54:04TO THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AS FLAWED AS IT IS,
00:54:07YOU DO HAVE THIS THIS PRECIOUS
00:54:11IDEA. I THINK ONE OF THE BEST IDEAS IN
00:54:14HUMAN HISTORY, IF NOT THE BEST.
00:54:18WE'RE ALL CREATED EQUAL. WE'RE ALL ENDOWED, YOU KNOW,
00:54:23WITH CERTAIN INALIENABLE RIGHTS.
00:54:25AND THEN WE HAVE TO TRY TO OPERATIONALIZE IT.
00:54:29BUT BUT I SAY THAT BECAUSE IT IS
00:54:33NOT A STATIC THING AND IT'S NOT A GIVEN.
00:54:37AND I, I, I CAN GIVE YOU ALL
00:54:39KINDS OF SPECIFICS ABOUT HOW WE
00:54:41MIGHT GET RID OF THE FILIBUSTER
00:54:44OR REFORM CAMPAIGN FINANCE OR THIS OR THAT OR THE OTHER.
00:54:47BUT AT ITS CORE, THE DEMOCRACY
00:54:50MEANS EVERYBODY IN THIS AUDITORIUM AND BEYOND SAYS, I
00:54:56HAVE A SAY IN HOW WE
00:54:58COLLECTIVELY LIVE AND I HAVE A
00:55:02RESPONSIVE ABILITY THAT GOES
00:55:04BEYOND MY NARROW SELF-INTEREST TO MAKE SURE THAT THING WORKS.
00:55:08AND WE HAVE TO FIND BETTER WAYS
00:55:12IN THIS ULTRAFAST, YOU KNOW.
00:55:19DYNAMIC. DISRUPT THE SOCIETY THAT WE'RE
00:55:22LIVING THROUGH TO RECREATE THAT
00:55:26SENSE OF AGENCY ON THE PART OF INDIVIDUALS AND THAT WE BELIEVE
00:55:30THAT'S IMPORTANT ENOUGH THAT THERE ARE TIMES WHERE WE WILL
00:55:34SET ASIDE OUR INTERESTS.
00:55:38WE CAN HAVE DEBATES. LET ME I'M JUST GOING TO GIVE
00:55:41YOU ONE SPECIFIC EXAMPLE.
00:55:43WE CAN HAVE DEBATES ABOUT WHAT
00:55:46OUR MARGINAL TAX RATE TAX RATES SHOULD BE.
00:55:49AND I WOULD ARGUE THAT.
00:55:53WEALTHY PEOPLE IN THIS COUNTRY DO NOT PAY ENOUGH IN TAXES.
00:55:55AND THE VERY ULTRA WEALTHY
00:56:01OFTENTIMES PAY NO TAXES. AND HAVE FIGURED OUT HOW TO GAME
00:56:04THE SYSTEM. BUT BUT THAT WE CAN HAVE THAT DEBATE.
00:56:08BUT WHEN I HEAR THE
00:56:12BILLIONAIRES, NOT MILLIONAIRES,
00:56:14BUT FOLKS WHO CANNOT SPEND EVER
00:56:20A FRACTION OF THEIR WEALTH AND
00:56:24NEITHER CAN THEIR KIDS OR THEIR
00:56:26GRANDKIDS SAY THEY ARE MOVING TO
00:56:30FLORIDA, NOT BECAUSE THEY LOVE FLORIDA.
00:56:34THEY MIGHT. IT'S NOTHING. NOTHING GETS FLORIDA.
00:56:37NICE WEATHER, BUT BECAUSE THEY'RE TRYING TO AVOID A STATE
00:56:41TAX, WHICH IS A ROUNDING ERROR
00:56:44IN THEIR WEALTH.
00:56:47NOW, THAT'S A THERE'S A CERTAIN
00:56:49MENTALITY, EITHER ONE, THAT SAYS
00:56:52I SHOULD NOT HAVE TO GIVE UP
00:56:56ANYTHING DESPITE THE FACT THAT
00:56:58THAT WEALTH, WHATEVER YOU WANT TO ARGUE ABOUT HOW HARD THEY
00:57:01WORKED OR THIS OR THAT, THE OTHER THAT WEALTH WAS THE
00:57:04FOUNDATION OF THAT WEALTH WAS A SOCIAL ORDER AND A SYSTEM THAT
00:57:08HAD AMAZING UNIVERSITIES AND
00:57:10ROADS AND FIRE PROTECTION AND A
00:57:12JUDICIAL SYSTEM THAT COULD
00:57:14ENFORCE CONTRACTS, ALL OF WHICH
00:57:18COST THEM MONEY TO MAINTAIN.
00:57:22IF WE DON'T GET THAT RIGHT, THEN
00:57:25THE MECHANICS OF DEMOCRACY WON'T
00:57:29BE ENOUGH, AS WE'VE SEEN, BECAUSE WE'VE JUST SEEN A WHOLE
00:57:31BUNCH OF LAWS IN PLACE THAT HAVE
00:57:34BEEN BLOWN THROUGH IN WAYS I
00:57:36WOULD NEVER HAVE ANTIS SEPARATE
00:57:38MY IMAGINATION AND COULD NOT
00:57:42FORESEE. SOME OF THE STUFF IS GOING ON RIGHT NOW.
00:57:45I BELIEVE THERE WAS JUST AN ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THE WHITE
00:57:47HOUSE DECIDED.
00:57:50YOU KNOW WHAT, CNN, MSNBC MESS.
00:57:56NOW, MAYBE THE NEW YORK TIMES
00:57:57WILL INCLUDE YOU JUST CAN'T COME
00:58:01TO THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS
00:58:03BRIEFINGS ANYMORE BECAUSE YOU'RE GIVING THE CURRENT PRESIDENT
00:58:09UNFAVORABLE COVERAGE. I'M TRYING TO THINK WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED IF I HAD SAID, YOU
00:58:13KNOW WHAT, FOX NEWS OUT OF HERE.
00:58:15IT'S UNIMAGINABLE.
00:58:18>> SO BUT THE POINT I'M MAKING
00:58:22HERE IS, IS THAT IF YOU HAVE A
00:58:24CERTAIN COHORT, LET'S CALL IT 30
00:58:27TO 35% OF THE COUNTRY RIGHT NOW,
00:58:29WHICH THINKS THAT'S OKAY.
00:58:31>> WELL, WHAT THAT MEANS IS WE
00:58:33HAVE NOT DEVELOPED THE KIND OF.
00:58:37UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT DEMOCRACY
00:58:41REQUIRES, AND WE'VE GOT TO SHORE THAT BACK UP. I DON'T THINK THAT'S INEVITABLE.
00:58:45I DON'T THINK ALL IS LOST ON
00:58:47THAT FRONT. BUT WE HAVE TO ROLL UP OUR
00:58:51SLEEVES AND GET WORKING.
00:58:55YEAH, BUT HOW.
00:59:02I WANT TO I WANT TO BUILD ON
00:59:04WHAT YOU ACTUALLY JUST DID AND
00:59:07THEN I WANT TO MOVE THAT TO THE WORK YOU COULD DO IN THE OBAMA
00:59:12CENTER. >> BECAUSE WHEN I ASKED YOU ABOUT DEMOCRACY, WHAT YOU DID
00:59:16WAS OFFER AN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
00:59:19I WOULD ARGUE THAT GREAT UNIVERSITIES, WHICH ARE UNDER
00:59:23SIGNIFICANT STRAIN RIGHT NOW, THAT'S THE WORK OF GREAT
00:59:27UNIVERSITIES, TO TRAIN PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND THE INTELLECTUAL
00:59:29HISTORY OF WHAT JUST HAPPENED.
00:59:31SO, YEAH, FOR UNIVERSITIES, BUT
00:59:33FOR UNIVERSITIES VERY.
00:59:39BUT YOU'RE ALSO MAKING THE ARGUMENT THAT THESE ARE
00:59:43PRACTICES AND NORMS THAT CAN BE IN, YOU KNOW, INCULCATED,
00:59:47DEVELOPED MUSCLES. IS THAT THE WORK OF WHAT YOU.
00:59:50WHEN I LOOK AT THE OBAMA CENTER,
00:59:54THE CORE OF IT IS TRAINING
00:59:58LEADERS. CAN YOU TRAIN PEOPLE TO BE LEADERS?
01:00:01CAN YOU TRAIN PEOPLE IN DEMOCRACY? ABSOLUTELY.
01:00:03>> LOOK.
01:00:05I WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT BECAUSE
01:00:09I HAD AN ARMY OF.
01:00:1320 SOMETHING YEAR OLDS,
01:00:16BASICALLY AT THE AGE OF A BUNCH
01:00:18OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE
01:00:20ABOUT TO GRADUATE, WHO WE
01:00:24DROPPED INTO CORN FIELDS IN IOWA
01:00:28AND SMALL TOWNS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
01:00:34AND.
01:00:36CREATED A DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT
01:00:39AND PROCESS.
01:00:42OUT OF WHOLE CLOTH. IN SOME WAYS THAT THEN SWAMPED
01:00:45ALL THE PROFESSIONAL CONSULTANTS
01:00:50AND.
01:00:51POLLSTERS AND MACHINERY UPENDED
01:00:55THE POLITICAL SYSTEM.
01:00:57AND IT WAS KIDS WHO DID IT
01:01:01BECAUSE ACTUALLY.
01:01:04THESE HABITS I TALK ABOUT ABOUT
01:01:10DEMOCRACY. DRAW ON THINGS THAT ARE INSIDE OF US.
01:01:13I'LL GIVE YOU A SIMPLE EXAMPLE.
01:01:16SO THE LEADERS WE HAVE VERY AND
01:01:22BOTH THE WORK THEY DO AND THE
01:01:26STAGES THEY ARE IN THEIR CAREERS, I MEAN, WE HAVE
01:01:28PROGRAMS FOR YOUNG BOYS AND
01:01:30GIRLS WHO ARE STILL IN SECONDARY
01:01:35SCHOOL. WE'VE GOT A PROGRAM CALLED VOYAGERS FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
01:01:40WHO ARE INTERESTED IN PUBLIC SERVICE CAREERS.
01:01:43BUT WE ALSO HAVE A LEADERS PROGRAM, NOT JUST HERE BUT IN EUROPE AND AFRICA AND ASIA THAT
01:01:48INCLUDES MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT OR CHIEFS OF STAFF, OF
01:01:50GOVERNMENTS, OR DOCTORS WHO HAVE
01:01:54ALREADY SET UP, YOU KNOW, WOMEN'S HEALTH CLINICS IN
01:01:56SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OR ARE
01:01:58WORKING ON MISINFORMATION AND OR
01:02:01HUMAN RIGHTS LAWYERS IN RUSSIA
01:02:05OR ARE THEY, YOU KNOW, CONSERVATION AND SOME VIETNAM
01:02:09PEOPLE IN THEIR THIRTIES WHO HAVE ALREADY DONE AMAZING STUFF.
01:02:13WE GET THEM TOGETHER.
01:02:15THE FIRST THING WE DO IS WE HAVE
01:02:21A WHOLE MODULE JUST AROUND
01:02:27LISTENING TO PEOPLE.
01:02:30BECAUSE IT TURNS OUT THAT YOU
01:02:34CAN TEACH PEOPLE TO TAP INTO
01:02:37THEIR CURIOSITY ABOUT OTHER
01:02:39PEOPLE, PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT LIKE
01:02:44THEM INSTEAD OF GOING INTO A
01:02:48COMMUNITY SAYING, I WANT TO BE A LEADER AND I'VE GOT A PLAN.
01:02:51WHAT WE SAY IS GO INTO COMMUNITY
01:02:53AND ASK PEOPLE WHO THEY ARE AND
01:02:55WHAT THEIR STORIES ARE AND WHAT
01:02:57THEIR TRADITIONS ARE AND WHAT THEIR VALUES ARE.
01:03:01AND BE QUIET AND SHOW SOME
01:03:05HUMILITY BECAUSE IT TURNS OUT THAT IF YOU ARE OPEN TO
01:03:11LISTENING, PEOPLE WILL WILL TELL
01:03:13YOU AMAZING THINGS ABOUT THEIR LIVES.
01:03:16THEY'LL TALK ABOUT THE IMMIGRANT
01:03:19GRANDPARENTS WHO CAME HERE AND, YOU KNOW, SITTING THERE
01:03:24LISTENING TO THEIR GRANDMA STORIES.
01:03:27AND THEY'LL TALK ABOUT THE GREAT MIGRATION AND HOW, YOU KNOW,
01:03:33AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILY IN ALABAMA MADE THEIR WAY TO CHICAGO.
01:03:35AND THEY'LL THEY'LL TALK ABOUT
01:03:38THEIR FEARS AND THEIR HOPES. AND WHEN YOU DO THAT, WHEN YOU
01:03:41LISTEN TO PEOPLE STORIES AND YOU START STITCHING IT TOGETHER WITH
01:03:45YOUR WORDS, YOU ARE NOW CREATING A RELATIONSHIP WITH THEM THAT
01:03:49TRANSCENDS JUST SELF-INTEREST
01:03:53AND YOU BUILT SOME TRUST AND NOW YOU'RE IN A POSITION TO ACTUALLY
01:03:56SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT, WE ACTUALLY SHARE THIS STUFF.
01:03:59MAYBE WE SHOULD WORK TOGETHER AND GET THIS DONE. WHAT DO YOU THINK?
01:04:03SO YOU CAN TEACH. AND I'M JUST USING THAT AS ONE EXAMPLE.
01:04:07YOU CAN'T TEACH THESE SKILLS.
01:04:11AND I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS
01:04:12THAT WE ARE MISSING AND WHAT
01:04:15UNIVERSITIES AT THEIR BEST CAN
01:04:18PROVIDE IS.
01:04:23DEVELOPING A PRACTICE OF HOW DO
01:04:26WE TALK TO EACH OTHER AND SEE
01:04:28EACH OTHER AND RECOGNIZE EACH
01:04:30OTHER AND RESPECT EACH OTHER,
01:04:32EVEN IN DEEP DISAGREEMENT THAT
01:04:37IS THE ESSENCE OF DEMOCRACY. BUT I WOULD ALSO ARGUE AS THE
01:04:40ESSENCE OF THE BEST FORMS OF LEADERSHIP, THERE'S ANOTHER
01:04:44MODEL OF LEADERSHIP AND IT'S GOT A LONGER LINEAGE WHICH INVOLVES
01:04:50HIERARCHY AND DOMINANCE AND
01:04:52SUBMISSION AND SCAPEGOATING AND
01:04:55RACISM AND ANTI-SEMITIC ISM AND
01:04:57PUTTING WOMEN IN THEIR PLACE AND PUTTING GAY PEOPLE BACK IN THE
01:05:02CLOSET. THAT THAT IS AND IS IS BACKED BY
01:05:05COERCION AND VIOLENCE.
01:05:06AND THAT IS A, YOU KNOW.
01:05:11A LONG TIME MECHANISM FOR RULE
01:05:17AND POWER.
01:05:19BUT THE AMERICAN EXPERIMENT IS
01:05:21PREMISED ON THIS DIFFERENT IDEA AT ITS BEST.
01:05:25AND WE HAD CONQUEST AND WE HAD
01:05:27SLAVERY AND NATIVE AMERICANS
01:05:30WERE REMOVED FROM THEIR LAND AND WE DID A BUNCH OF TERRIBLE THINGS.
01:05:33BUT AT OUR BEST.
01:05:37WHAT CAME OUT OF THAT AMERICAN REVOLUTION WAS THIS DIFFERENT
01:05:41IDEA. AND THAT'S THE KIND OF
01:05:43LEADERSHIP WE NOT ONLY BELIEVE
01:05:48WE CAN DEVELOP, BUT I WOULD
01:05:50ARGUE HAS TO BE DEVELOPED AT
01:05:52THIS TIME, AT THIS MOMENT IN OUR
01:05:55HISTORY, BECAUSE THE WORLD WHAT
01:05:58THE INTERCONNECTIVITY HAS DONE
01:05:59IS IT HAS THE WORLD'S HAVE
01:06:03COLLIDED. YOU HAVE VILLAGES IN MY
01:06:08GRANDMOTHER'S, YOU HAVE PEOPLE IN MY GRANDMOTHER'S VILLAGE IN
01:06:13ILLEGAL OR IN RURAL KENYA WHO
01:06:16ARE WATCHING THE KARDASHIANS ON
01:06:18THEIR CELL PHONES.
01:06:21PART OF WHY CULTURE WARS SEEM TO
01:06:26ACCELERATE AND PEOPLE FEEL SO THREATENED IS BECAUSE IT USED TO
01:06:29BE THAT FOLKS IN.
01:06:34SAN FRANCISCO AND FOLKS IN LUBBOCK, TEXAS, DIDN'T
01:06:37NECESSARILY KNOW HOW THE OTHER WAS LIVING.
01:06:42AND NOW IT'S IN THEIR FACES AND THEY FEEL THREATENED BY THAT.
01:06:46AND IF WE IF WE CAN DEVELOP A
01:06:48CAPACITY TO SEE EACH OTHER AND
01:06:50RECOGNIZE OUR COMMON HUMANITY,
01:06:53THAT THE KINDS OF OLD STYLE
01:06:56LEADERSHIP WITH THE DESTRUCTIVE
01:06:59WEAPONS WE HAVE AND THE MEANS OF
01:07:03PROPAGANDA THAT WE CURRENTLY
01:07:03HAVE THAT WILL BE A RECIPE FOR
01:07:08TRAGEDY AND WE'VE GOT A BETTER OPTION.
01:07:11IT'S MORE FUN NOT HATING EACH
01:07:13OTHER AND TRYING TO GET ALONG
01:07:15AND WORKING TOGETHER.
01:07:17SO THEREFORE, THAT'S MY VIEW.
01:07:20YOU KNOW, I'M LISTENING TO YOU
01:07:24AND WE'RE GETTING NEAR THE END OF OUR TIME. >> WE'RE ACTUALLY AT THE END OF OUR TIME. BUT I'M GOING TO ASK THIS
01:07:28QUESTION, LISTENING TO YOU AND
01:07:32REMEMBERING THE OPERATIVE POLITICAL FRAME OF HOPE THAT YOU
01:07:36BROUGHT. AND I LOOK AT OBAMA CENTER AND
01:07:38ITS WORK. WHAT PERCENTAGE OF YOUR WORK NOW
01:07:42IS BASED ON THIS FAITH IN THIS
01:07:46OPTIMISM, HOPE, OR HOW MUCH OF IT IS LIKE A REARGUARD ACTION OF
01:07:50DESPAIR? NO, I LOOK AT I MEAN, YOU WERE
01:07:54ASKING ABOUT THE ROLE OF
01:07:56UNIVERSAL IS RIGHT.
01:08:00>> MY UNIVERSITY YEARS INVOLVED
01:08:03SOME EXCESSIVE PARTYING AT THE
01:08:08BEGINNING. AND THEN I KIND OF FLIPPED A
01:08:11SWITCH AND BECAME A SORT OF WAY
01:08:14TO SERIOUS AND AND ISOLATED AND
01:08:23ALMOST MONKISH FOR THE LATTER
01:08:26PART OF IT. I WAS ALL OUT OF BALANCE TRYING
01:08:30TO FIGURE STUFF OUT. BUT THE ONE THING THAT HAPPENED TO ME DURING MY TIME AT THE
01:08:33UNIVERSITY IS AND I THINK THIS
01:08:36IS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE OF A
01:08:38UNIVERSITY AND PARTICULARLY LIBERAL ARTS UNIVERSITIES TO GET
01:08:44YOU TO THINK DEEPLY ABOUT WHAT ARE YOUR DEEPEST COMMITMENTS,
01:08:47YOUR VALUES? DO YOU HAVE A CODE? WHAT ARE THE THINGS YOU'RE
01:08:52WILLING TO SACRIFICE FOR?
01:08:56WHAT GIVES MEANING TO YOUR AND PURPOSE, TO YOUR LIFE.
01:09:02AND AND THAT WAS A GREAT GIFT AND A LUXURY.
01:09:05AND AND EACH UNIVERSITY HAS TO
01:09:08DO DIFFERENT THINGS OR CAN
01:09:10CHOOSE TO DO DIFFERENT THINGS.
01:09:12YOU KNOW, THERE ARE SOME UNIVERSITIES. THEIR MISSION IS WE'VE GOT TO
01:09:16MAKE SURE THAT PEOPLE FIND A WORK IN A NEW ECONOMY AND ARE
01:09:20TRAINED AND THAT'S A THAT'S A NOBLE MISSION. AND PURSUIT.
01:09:24AND BUT BUT DURING THAT TIME, PARTICULARLY IN YOUR LATE TEENS,
01:09:28EARLY TWENTIES, THAT'S THE TIME
01:09:30TO FIGURE OUT WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO YOU.
01:09:32I SAY ALL THAT BECAUSE.
01:09:37ONE CONCLUSION THAT I DREW FROM
01:09:41THIS PERIOD OF TIME, BOTH
01:09:43PARTYING AND READING A LOT OF
01:09:50BOOKS.
01:09:52WAS THAT THE THE WORLD IS
01:09:58COMPLICATED AND HUMANS ARE
01:10:00REALLY COMPLICATED AND WE ARE.
01:10:09WANDERING THROUGH DURING THIS
01:10:10BRIEF TIME THAT WE HAVE WITH
01:10:16GOOD AND BAD AND BEAUTY AND
01:10:18UGLINESS AND VIOLENCE AND LOVE
01:10:22CONSTANTLY PULLING AT US AND
01:10:24HAPPENING TO US AND INSIDE US
01:10:29AND WHERE WE GET POWER IS WHEN
01:10:33WE MAKE A DECISION TO TO PURSUE
01:10:37AND EMBODY AND TRY AS BEST WE
01:10:40CAN IMPERFECTLY, TO LIVE OUT A A
01:10:44SENSE THAT, YOU KNOW WHAT THIS IS A WONDEROUS AMAZING JOURNEY.
01:10:46I'M ON. AND LET ME SHARE IT WITH SOME
01:10:50FELLOW TRAVELERS AND DO MY BEST
01:10:54AND AND WORK THROUGH THE TOUGH TIMES AND APPRECIATE THE GOOD
01:10:59ONES. AND SO, SO HOPE FOR ME.
01:11:02AND I'VE SAID THIS IN THE SPEECH
01:11:04THAT KIND OF LAUNCHED MY NATIONAL POLITICAL CAREER ABOUT
01:11:08HOPE, A HOPE AS NEVER BLIND
01:11:10OPTIMISM AND YOU KNOW, IT HOPE
01:11:14HOPE IS GROUNDED IN A CLEAR EYED
01:11:18RECOGNITION THAT TOUGH THINGS
01:11:22HAPPEN AND THE WORLD IS DEEPLY IMPERFECT.
01:11:26BUT WE HAVE THE AGENCY, WE MAKE
01:11:29CHOICES ABOUT WHAT WE.
01:11:34WHAT WE FEED AND WHAT WE STARVE.
01:11:36AND I'D RATHER FEED IN THAT
01:11:43SENSE THAT THERE IS A THERE'S A
01:11:45COMMONALITY IN THE GOODNESS IN PEOPLE. AND THAT I'D RATHER STARVE THOSE
01:11:49PARTS OF ME THAT ARE GREEDY OR
01:11:51OR SELFISH OR SCARED OR MEAN AND
01:12:02I THINK THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WE
01:12:04ALL WRESTLE WITH AND WE ALL HAVE THE CAPACITY TO MAKE OUR OWN
01:12:09CHOICES. I LIKE MY CHOICE, AND I'D LIKE IT FOR THE COUNTRY AS WELL.
01:12:13SO ALL RIGHT.
01:12:17>> THANK YOU. IT WAS GOOD.
01:12:22ALL RIGHT. OF COURSE, I HAVE MORE
01:12:24QUESTIONS, BUT I THINK TO END ON
01:12:26THAT NOTE, WHICH IS NOT JUST A POLITICAL MANIFESTO, BUT A
01:12:30MANIFESTO THAT SHOULD ANIMATE ANY COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.
01:12:33>> SO YOUR HIRED TO BE A PROFESSOR, THIS WHOLE THING WAS A JOB INTERVIEW.
01:12:37LET'S THANK PRESIDENT OBAMA FOR
01:12:39BEING HERE AND.
01:12:46REALLY TRUE.
01:12:56>> ON SUNDAY, NEBRASKA REPUBLICAN SENATOR PETE RICKETTS
01:13:00ATTENDS HIS STATE'S ANNUAL STEAK FRY TO FUNDRAISE FOR HIS MIDTERM
01:13:03REELECTION CAMPAIGN. THIS YEAR'S EVENT FEATURES SPEAKERS, INCLUDING REPUBLICAN
01:13:07SENATOR JOHN KENNEDY FROM LOUISIANA, ANNA FROM WEEPING
01:13:10WATER, NEBRASKA. WATCH IT LIVE AT 1 P.M. EASTERN
01:13:13ON C-SPAN ONLINE AT C-SPAN DOT ORG AND OUR FREE C-SPAN NOW
01:13:17VIDEO APP.
01:13:21SUNDAY NIGHT ON C-SPAN IS Q&A.
01:13:26NBC NEWS CHIEF WASHINGTON AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT
01:13:28ANDREA MITCHELL TALKS WITH OUR HOST PETER SLIM ABOUT SOME OF
01:13:31THE BIGGEST STORIES AND MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE SHE'S COVERED
01:13:35DURING HER NEARLY 50 YEARS WITH THE NETWORK I CALL THE CONTROL
01:13:39ROOM TO TALK TO TOM BROKAW. >> WE'RE STANDING BY READY TO GO LIVE.
01:13:42AND HE SAID, WHO'S YOUR SOURCE?
01:13:45AND I TOLD YOU, BECAUSE WE HAD A
01:13:49TWO SOURCE RULE FOR SURE. AND THIS WAS A SINGLE SOURCE.
01:13:53THAT WAS SOMEONE WHO OBVIOUSLY
01:13:55WAS IN THE DECISION MAKING.
01:13:59AND TOM SAID, SUIT UP, KID.
01:14:01YOU'RE GOING ON THE AIR. >> NBC NEWS CHIEF WHITE INGTON
01:14:05AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT ANDREA MITCHELL.
01:14:07SUNDAY NIGHT AT EIGHT EASTERN ON C-SPAN'S Q AND A.
01:14:11YOU CAN LISTEN TO Q&A AND ALL OF
01:14:14OUR PODCASTS ON OUR FREE C-SPAN NOW APP OR WHEREVER YOU GET YOUR
01:14:19PODCASTS. ON MONDAY, AWARD WINNING
01:14:23JOURNALIST JUDY WOODRUFF AND NEW YORK TIMES COLUMNIST JAMELLE
01:14:26BOUIE DISCUSS THEIR EXPERIENCES COVERING POLITICS IN AMERICA. THEY'LL ALSO TALK ABOUT THE
01:14:31EVOLVING MEDIA LANDSCAPE, THE IMPORTANCE OF FREEDOM, OF THE PRESS, AND HOW POLITICAL
01:14:35REPORTING HAS CHANGED OVER THE YEARS. HOSTED BY THOMAS JEFFERSON'S
01:14:38HISTORIC MONTICELLO. WATCH THAT DISCUSSION LIVE.
01:14:41BEGINNING AT 6 P.M. EASTERN ON
01:14:44C-SPAN TWO ONLINE AT C-SPAN DOT ORG OR WITH OUR FREE C-SPAN.
01:14:48NOW VIDEO APP.
01:14:51>> THE ASSOCIATED PRESS AND OTHERS ARE REPORTING THAT PRESIDENT TRUMP HAS MADE GOOD ON
01:14:56HIS BAN OF CNN AND IS NOW. AND POLITICO FROM THE WHITE
01:14:59HOUSE. CNN CONFIRMED THE REPORT SAYING
01:15:04CORRESPONDENT BETSY KLEIN WAS DENIED ENTRY AND HER CREDENTIALS WERE SEIZED.
01:15:07M.S. NOW RELEASED A STATEMENT FOLLOWING SATURDAY'S ACTIONS
01:15:11THAT READS IN PART. EARLIER THIS MORNING, OUR
01:15:13JOURNALISTS WERE DENIED ACCESS TO THE WHITE HOUSE GROUNDS.
01:15:17THE WHITE HOUSE BELONGS TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.
01:15:19AND THE DECISIONS MADE INSIDE ARE FUNDED BY OUR TAX DOLLARS.
01:15:23M.S. NOW INTENDS TO TAKE ANY AND
01:15:25ALL STEPS NECESSARY TO DEFEND OUR FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS AND
01:15:29THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF INDEPENDENT JOURNALISM IN OUR DEMOCRACY.
01:15:33FOLLOWING PRESIDENT TRUMP'S ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE BANS, WHITE
01:15:35HOUSE CORRESPONDENT ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT JACQUI HEINRICH
01:15:39RELEASED A POST THAT READS IN PART, THE PRESIDENT SAID IT PLAINLY IN THE OVAL OFFICE,
01:15:43DESCRIBING HIS OWN PLANNED ACTION AS A BAN ON THE FREE PRESS.
01:15:47THE CONSTITUTION PROTECTS THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS FROM
01:15:51GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE. THAT PROTECTION DOES NOT DEPEND
01:15:53ON WHETHER THE PRESIDENT LIKES A NEWS ORGANIZATIONS COVERAGE
01:15:57AGREES WITH ITS REPORTING OR APPROVES OF THE QUESTIONS ITS
01:16:00JOURNALISTS ASK. THIS IS ABOUT MORE THAN THE
01:16:03RIGHTS OF JOURNALISTS. IT IS ABOUT THE RIGHT OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE TO RECEIVE A
01:16:08FULL AND INDEPENDENT ACCOUNT OF THE ACTIVITIES, POLICIES AND
01:16:10DECISIONS OF WHOEVER OCCUPIES
01:16:12THE NATION'S HIGHEST OFFICE.
01:16:18>> NEXT, A CONVERSATION WITH COAUTHORS MAGGIE HABERMAN AND
01:16:22JONATHAN SWAN ON THEIR BOOK, REGIME CHANGE INSIDE THE
01:16:25IMPERIAL PRESIDENCY OF DONALD TRUMP. THE BOOK COVERS THE FIRST YEAR
01:16:29OF THE SECOND TRUMP ADMINISTRATION, AND THE TWO AUTHORS TALK ABOUT THE
01:16:33PRESIDENT'S USE OF EXECUTIVE ACTIONS TO BYPASS CONGRESSIONAL
01:16:35APPROVAL, PARDONS AND THE FUTURE OF MAGA. THE DISCUSSION TOOK PLACE AT THE
01:16:40ATLANTIC FESTIVAL IN NEW YORK CITY.
01:16:42IT RUNS JUST UNDER HALF AN HOUR.
01:16:48>> JONATHAN DEMME, WELCOME TO THE ATLANTIC FESTIVAL. >>
01:16:51>> LISTEN, AFTER NINE WEEKS AT
01:16:56NUMBER ONE ON THE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER