Original Broadcaster Captioning (Enhanced). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00>> NBC NEWS CHIEF WASHINGTON AND
00:00:02FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT
00:00:05ANDREA MITCHELL TONIGHT AT EIGHT EASTERN. ON C-SPAN'S Q&A.
00:00:09YOU CAN LISTEN TO Q&A AND ALL OF
00:00:12OUR PODCASTS ON OUR FREE C-SPAN NOW APP OR WHEREVER YOU GET YOUR
00:00:16PODCASTS.
00:00:20NEXT, FORMER PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA JOINS COLGATE UNIVERSITY
00:00:22PRESIDENT BRIAN CASEY FOR A FIRESIDE CHAT.
00:00:26>> TOPICS INCLUDE THE CURRENT DEBATE ON ARTIFICIAL
00:00:29INTELLIGENCE REASONS FOR HOPE, AND A CALL TO ENGAGE IN OUR
00:00:33DEMOCRACY. >> FROM HAMILTON, NEW YORK, THIS RUNS ABOUT AN HOUR AND 10
00:00:40MINUTES.
00:01:04TO A.
00:01:08I DON'T WANT TO MILK THIS TOO MUCH.
00:01:10>> IT GOOD TO SEE A COLGATE.
00:01:19AND WHOEVER WAS IN CHARGE OF ARRANGING THE WEATHER.
00:01:22GOOD JOB.
00:01:23BUT I NOT FOOLED.
00:01:27>> I KNOW IT'S GOING TO GET A LITTLE COLDER AROUND HERE. >> NOT FOR A WHILE.
00:01:31>> WE'RE GOOD. >> WE'RE GOOD. >> WELCOME TO COLGATE, MR. PRESIDENT.
00:01:35THANK YOU SO MUCH, MR. PRESIDENT. >> IT'S GREAT TO YOU. >> AND NOW THAT WE'VE
00:01:39ESTABLISHED PARITY, I THINK WE CAN BEGIN THE CONVERSATION.
00:01:43I HAVE TO SAY, WE'RE GOING TO
00:01:45HAVE AN HOUR TOGETHER IN WHICH WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT A
00:01:48NUMBER OF TOPICS. THIS IS TRUE. THIS IS TRUE. BUT WHAT I HAVE TO SAY IS, EVER
00:01:53SINCE WE ANNOUNCED THAT YOU WERE COMING TO THIS, THE ONE QUESTION
00:01:57THAT HAS COME AT ME AS I WALK ACROSS THE CAMPUS, THE ONE
00:02:00QUESTION EVERYBODY WANTS TO ANSWER. SO MIGHT AS WELL OPEN UP WITH
00:02:03THE FIRST QUESTION, WHICH IS HOW'S MICHELLE OBAMA?
00:02:09WELL, LOOK, I.
00:02:14LISTEN, I UNDERSTAND. >> I'M YOUR SECOND CHOICE.
00:02:19I GET IT IN IN THE POPULARITY
00:02:22RANKINGS AND THE OBAMA HOUSEHOLD. I AM BLAST.
00:02:25>> SO I AM MORE.
00:02:29>> AND THIS WAS A TOUGH WEEK. SOME PEOPLE ARE AWARE WE LOST OUR DOG.
00:02:33SUNNY, THIS WEEK AND YEAH, WE
00:02:39WERE TALKING ABOUT IT BACKSTAGE BECAUSE YOU HAVE AN OLDER AND I
00:02:43ALSO KNOW THERE ARE PARENTS HERE
00:02:46AT THE CONNECTION YOU HAVE WITH YOUR PETS.
00:02:50OBVIOUSLY ARE REALLY IMPORTANT
00:02:52WHEN THEY'RE PETS THAT GREW UP
00:02:55WITH YOUR KIDS, THEN THEY'RE MORE THAN JUST IT'S NOT JUST
00:02:58THAT YOU LOVE THEM.
00:03:00THEY'RE THE REPOSITORY OF
00:03:03MEMORIES THAT YOU HAVE WITH YOUR
00:03:06CHILDREN AS THEY WERE GROWING UP. THE PASSAGE OF TIME. SO.
00:03:09SO THAT'S BEEN A LITTLE TOUGH. ON MICHELLE.
00:03:13OTHERWISE, THOUGH, SHE IS LIVING
00:03:15HER BEST LIFE AND SHE IS WORKING
00:03:19WITH OUR FOUNDATION AROUND
00:03:23EMPOWERING YOUNG WOMEN AND GIRLS.
00:03:25SHE IS DOING A PODCAST AND
00:03:28LOOKING CUTE AND AND THE FACT
00:03:34THAT SHE HAS NOT KICKED ME TO
00:03:36THE CURB IS I AM GRATEFUL FOR IT.
00:03:40>> IT'S EARLY. >> IT'S A WELL, IT'S NOT BAD,
00:03:44BUT IT'S NOT THAT EARLY. I MEAN, WE CELEBRATE 35 YEARS
00:03:46THIS YEAR, SO I FEEL LIKE I FEEL
00:03:52LIKE AT THE STAGE WHERE HER
00:03:54RETRAINING ANOTHER GUY, NOT
00:03:58WORTH THE EFFORT. SHE MIGHT AS WELL JUST RIDE IT OUT.
00:04:02>> WELL, I'M GLAD SHE'S SETTLING, AND I THINK I SHOULD.
00:04:06CONGRATS, REALLY, BOTH OF YOU, ON THE OPENING OF THE OBAMA
00:04:10CENTER. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
00:04:11I WILL TELL YOU, WE WERE TAKING
00:04:15SOME SOME PHOTOGRAPHS BACKSTAGE
00:04:17AND A NUMBER OF PEOPLE HAD
00:04:19ALREADY GONE TO VISIT AND IT.
00:04:23FOR THOSE OF YOU, IF YOU GET A CHANCE IN CHICAGO, I THINK YOU
00:04:27WILL YOU WILL ENJOY.
00:04:30IT'S BECAUSE THE STORY IS IT'S NOT REALLY JUST THE STORY ABOUT
00:04:34MY PRESIDENCY. THE MUSEUM TELLS A STORY ABOUT
00:04:37AMERICA AND THE GOAL HERE IS TO
00:04:40CREATE A CAMPUS AROUND WHICH WE
00:04:44CAN LEARN FROM EACH OTHER ABOUT
00:04:47HOW TO BRING ABOUT POSITIVE
00:04:49SOCIAL CHANGE AND NOT JUST HERE IN THIS COUNTRY, BUT
00:04:53INTERNATIONALLY. AND THAT'S A LOT OF WHAT OUR PROGRAM IS ABOUT.
00:04:56>> WELL, IT SEEMS VERY EXCITING. IT LOOKS VERY BEAUTIFUL.
00:04:59SO YOU MUST BE RELIEVED AND THRILLED.
00:05:03>> YOU'VE BEEN THROUGH. I'VE BUILT SOME CAPITAL CAMPAIGNS. OH, YEAH. YEAH.
00:05:06THERE ARE A LOT BETTER WHEN YOU'RE DONE ON WHEN YOU'RE ON
00:05:09THE OTHER SIDE OF. >> YEAH, I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO THAT DAY.
00:05:15SO THE FIRST COUPLE QUESTIONS I
00:05:17HAVE, I WOULD LIKE TO INVITE YOU
00:05:19TO JUST REFLECT ON YOUR PRESENCE AND YOUR TIME THERE.
00:05:24SO BEFORE YOU BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, YOU TAUGHT
00:05:28CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AT THE UNIVERSITY CHICAGO. YOU WERE A COMMUNITY ORGANIZER.
00:05:31YOU WERE A U.S. SENATOR. YOU ALSO WERE IN THE ILLINOIS HOUSE.
00:05:37SO IN ALL OF THOSE POSITIONS, YOU START LEARNING ABOUT AMERICA
00:05:40AND YOU BUILD CONCEPTION OF WHAT
00:05:42AMERICA IS AND WHAT AMERICANS ARE LIKE.
00:05:44BUT THE PRESIDENCY MUST REVEAL
00:05:46SOMETHING ABOUT THE NATION AND
00:05:49ITS PEOPLE THAT THOSE OTHER
00:05:51POSITIONS WOULDN'T HAVE SHOWN YOU.
00:05:53SO FOR GOOD ILL, WHAT DID THAT
00:05:57SEAT SHOW YOU ABOUT THE NATION AND ITS PEOPLE?
00:06:01>> IT'S A GREAT QUESTION.
00:06:03I I'D PREFACE IT BY SAYING THIS.
00:06:07I HAD THE ADVANTAGE OF SERVING
00:06:11IN THE ILLINOIS SENATE FOR A WHILE AND ILLINOIS IS AN
00:06:17INTERESTING STATE BECAUSE DEMOGRAPHICALLY IT'S ABOUT AS
00:06:19REPRESENTATIVE OF AMERICA AS ANY STATE.
00:06:23IT'S NOT JUST DOESN'T JUST
00:06:28REFLECT SORT OF THE RACIAL MAKEUP OF THE COUNTRY, BUT IT'S
00:06:31ALSO URBAN AND RURAL AND IT'S NORTH AND SOUTH.
00:06:35IF YOU GO TO SOUTHERN ILLINOIS,
00:06:38IT'S MUCH CLOSER TO THE KENTUCKY
00:06:42THAN IT IS TO CHICAGO.
00:06:43AND CULTURAL AS WELL AS GEOGRAPHICALLY.
00:06:47SO I'VE SPENDING TIME IN THE
00:06:51STATE LEGISLATURE THERE. YOU KNOW, YOU'RE MEETING FOLKS
00:06:55FROM THE INNER CITY, BUT YOU'RE
00:06:57ALSO MEETING HOG FARMERS AND
00:07:00BEING FARMERS AND YOU'RE GETTING
00:07:04A SENSE OF THE DIVERSITY OF THE
00:07:06COUNTRY AND CAMPAIGNING, PARTLY
00:07:09BECAUSE I HAD SUCH A LONG PRIMARY, WHICH WAS, YOU KNOW, AT
00:07:12THE TIME, I WON'T SAY I WAS
00:07:14THRILLED WITH GRINDING IT OUT
00:07:18FOR 18 MONTHS, BUT IT DID HAVE THE BENEFIT OF ME CAMPAIGNING IN
00:07:21EVERY STATE, WHICH IS RARE
00:07:24BECAUSE THESE DAYS THINGS GET SO DIVIDED.
00:07:28THAT'S A RED STATE, THAT'S A BLUE STATE. WE REALLY WENT EVERYWHERE.
00:07:32IDAHO AND MISSISSIPPI AND I
00:07:35THINK THE ONLY STATE WE DIDN'T GO TO WAS ALASKA. DURING THE CAMPAIGN.
00:07:39SO I HAD GOTTEN A SENSE OF WHAT THE COUNTRY WAS LIKE FROM THAT
00:07:43PROCESS AND GOING INTO THE
00:07:45PRESIDENCY, MY HAS ALWAYS BEEN
00:07:49AND IT WAS AFFIRMED.
00:07:51THIS IS A REALLY BIG IT'S REALLY
00:07:56COMPLICATED.
00:07:56YOU'VE GOT PEOPLE WHOSE,
00:08:01ANCESTRY IS ROOTED IN EVERY CORNER.
00:08:04THE GLOBE THERE IS A THERE IS A
00:08:11CERTAIN OPTIMISM A CERTAIN
00:08:13CHARACTER OF OF NEIGHBORLINESS.
00:08:17THERE IS A.
00:08:21THE THING THAT STRIKES YOU WHEN
00:08:23YOU TRAVEL AROUND THE COUNTRY IS
00:08:25THAT WE ARE NOT AS DIVIDED AS
00:08:27OUR POLITICS OR MEDIA WOULD
00:08:33SUGGEST. NOW, THAT'S A PROBLEM.
00:08:35STRUCTURALLY, THE THE THE THE
00:08:38REASONS WHY OUR POLITICS DIVIDES
00:08:40US, WHETHER IT'S GERRYMANDERING
00:08:43OR YOU KNOW, UNRESTRICTED
00:08:46CAMPAIGN SPENDING, NEGATIVE ADS.
00:08:51AND THERE'S ALSO STRUCTURAL REASONS WHY THE MEDIA DIVIDES US
00:08:56BECAUSE IN THIS SOCIAL MEDIA WORLD.
00:08:58NOW, WE'RE ALL SILOED OFF AND WE EACH ARE PUSHED TOWARDS A VERY
00:09:04PARTICULAR VISION OF THE WORLD.
00:09:07OFTEN BY FEAR THAT MAKES US
00:09:10MISTRUST EACH OTHER.
00:09:12BUT WHEN YOU'RE ON THE GROUND,
00:09:14WHAT'S STRIKING IS THAT YOU I
00:09:19REMEMBER THE FIRST TIME I
00:09:19STARTED CAMPAIGNING IN IOWA AND
00:09:23LOOK, THERE IS A LOT OF CORN THERE.
00:09:25THAT STEREOTYPE HYPE IS TRUE.
00:09:28BUT YOU GO INTO A RURAL COMMUNITY IN IOWA AND DISCOVER
00:09:33THAT HERE'S A TOWN THAT WAS
00:09:35FOUNDED BY BY HIPPIES AND HERE
00:09:43IS THERE'S AN ORTHODOX
00:09:45COMMUNITY, YOU KNOW, JEWISH
00:09:47LIVING SIDE BY SIDE WITH A BUNCH
00:09:51OF FARMERS AND AND PEOPLE WORK
00:09:54TOGETHER AND THEY EXTEND GRACE
00:09:58TOWARDS OTHER IN WAYS THAT YOU
00:10:00DO NOT SEE IN YOUR
00:10:05DOOMSCROLLING.
00:10:05AND SO THAT, I THINK, WAS
00:10:09SOMETHING THAT I, I CAME TO
00:10:13APPRECIATE EVEN MORE WHEN I WAS IN OFFICE.
00:10:17JUST TWO OTHER THINGS I WOULD
00:10:18SAY ARE WORTH NOTING AND HAS LESS TO DO WITH THE AMERICAN
00:10:22PEOPLE THAN.
00:10:26THE ROLE OF AMERICA, THE, YOU KNOW, THE VANTAGE POINT THAT YOU
00:10:28GET, THE THE FIRST IS THAT OUR
00:10:33GOVERNMENT IS VAST AND OUR
00:10:37SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IS DELIBERATELY SET TO DECENTRALIZE
00:10:41POWER.
00:10:41IT IS VERY HARD TO MAKE THAT
00:10:46THING WORK IF YOU HAVE THE
00:10:49LEVELS OF MISTRUST THAT WE
00:10:51CURRENTLY HAVE IN OUR SYSTEM,
00:10:56PARTICULARLY BETWEEN THE PARTIES
00:11:00AND. THE OTHER THING THAT IS STRIKING
00:11:01IS THE DEGREE TO WHICH AMERICA,
00:11:05UP UNTIL REALLY DID UNDER RIGHT
00:11:09THE GLOBAL ORDER IN WAYS THAT
00:11:13YOU SORT OF UNDERSTAND. IT'S NOT UNTIL YOU GET INTO THE
00:11:17OFFICE YOU REALIZE SO MUCH OF
00:11:20WHAT WE FOR GRANTED ABOUT THE
00:11:25FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION OR THE
00:11:29GLOBAL NATURE, THE INTERNET OR
00:11:35HOW DO WE RESPOND WHEN THERE'S A NATURAL DISASTER SOMEWHERE IN
00:11:38THE WORLD OR, HOW DO WE SET AN
00:11:41AGENDA TO DEAL WITH CERTAIN
00:11:43SECURITY ISSUES, EVEN OUR
00:11:47ADVERSARIES OFTEN EXPECT US TO
00:11:51SOLVE BIG PROBLEMS THAT, CROSS
00:11:55NATIONAL BOUNDARIES AND THAT'S
00:11:59SOMETHING SHOULD BE PROUD OF. BUT IT'S ALSO SOMETHING THAT WE
00:12:03SHOULD FEEL SOME RESPONSIBILITY
00:12:06FOR, BECAUSE WHEN WE WHEN WE
00:12:09DON'T THINGS RIGHT, WHEN WE'RE
00:12:11NOT OUR BEST SELVES, THE WHOLE
00:12:15WORLD GETS A LITTLE DIMMER.
00:12:16AND WHEN WE STAND UP VALUES LIKE
00:12:21HUMAN RIGHTS OR FREEDOM OF
00:12:22SPEECH OR.
00:12:26EXPRESS CONCERN AND ARE PROACTIVE AROUND ISSUES LIKE
00:12:30CLIMATE CHANGE, THEN NOT
00:12:34EVERYBODY GOES ALONG 100%.
00:12:39BUT. THE WORLD LEANS INTO A BETTER
00:12:43DIRECTION. I WANT TO PICK UP ON SOMETHING
00:12:47YOU'RE ABOUT. >> THE AMERICAN PEOPLE GIVE YOU
00:12:50A SENSE OF THAT. THEY WERE NOT AS DIVIDED, BUT
00:12:52THEN YOU YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT
00:12:55HOW FEAR IS WORKING THESE DAYS.
00:12:59THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED IN
00:13:01SOME WAYS SETS, THE EMOTIONAL
00:13:05WEATHER FOR THE NATION. AN OPTIMISTIC PRESIDENT CAN BE
00:13:08AN OPTIMISTIC CAN CAN CREATE A SENSE OF OPTIMISM, NOT ONLY
00:13:12AROUND THAT PRESIDENT ABOUT THE NATION, BUT I JUST WANT TO PICK UP SOMETHING HOW THE WORLD SEES
00:13:16THE UNITED STATES CAN BE DRIVEN
00:13:19BY THE BEHAVIOR OF THE PRESIDENT.
00:13:22>> WHAT YOU HONOR, WHAT YOU DIGNIFY, WHAT YOU DERIDE, WHAT
00:13:26YOU NOTICE, WHAT YOU DON'T
00:13:28NOTICE WHEN DID YOU FEEL THAT
00:13:32WHEN YOU CAME INTO THE OFFICE WHAT DID YOU DO WITH THAT
00:13:38RESPONSIBILITY, THAT POWER?
00:13:40WAS IT A HEAVY THING TO CARRY? >> YEAH.
00:13:44YEAH.
00:13:45YOU KNOW, I.
00:13:49I HAD CERTAIN EXPECTATIONS FOR
00:13:53MYSELF TERMS OF HOW I WAS GOING
00:13:54TO CONDUCT MYSELF IN OFFICE.
00:13:57>> I DIDN'T IT THAT HARD BECAUSE
00:14:01THEY WERE THE EXPECTATIONS I HAD FOR MYSELF IN TERMS OF HOW I
00:14:05ACTED, AS A GROWN MAN.
00:14:09SO, YOU KNOW, LIKE.
00:14:14YOU KNOW, BASIC BEHAVIOR,
00:14:19HONESTY, HARD WORK, DOING YOUR
00:14:22HOMEWORK, TREATING PEOPLE WITH RESPECT, BLESS YOUR HEART.
00:14:25YOU KNOW, SO, SO, SO I DIDN'T
00:14:29FIND IT TO BE A STRAIN OF.
00:14:33THERE ARE CERTAIN MOMENTS IN THE
00:14:37PRESIDENCY. >> LET'S TAKE, FOR EXAMPLE,
00:14:41DISASTERS. >> YOU KNOW, I REMEMBER THERE WAS A SERIES OF TORNADOES.
00:14:46I THINK.
00:14:49IN 2000, 11, 12, AND MISSOURI
00:14:57GOT HIT. AND THEN LATER ALABAMA GOT HIT
00:15:03AND AND YOU'D GO AS PRESIDENT TO
00:15:07PLACES WHERE NOBODY VOTED FOR
00:15:11YOU AND YOU'D SEE BY OR AT LEAST
00:15:15DID FOR ME, BECAUSE YOU'D SEE YOU KNOW, CONFEDERATE FLAGS ON
00:15:18THE TRUCKS AND BUT YOU KNOW WHAT?
00:15:22WHEN YOU SHOWED UP AND SOMEBODY
00:15:28HAD LOST THEIR HOME OR THEY HAD LOST THEIR LIVES AND YOU GAVE
00:15:30THEM A HUG AND YOU LISTENED TO
00:15:33THEM AND YOU SAID YOU KNOW, I
00:15:35SEE YOU AND WHAT YOU'RE GOING THROUGH AND THE COUNTRY'S HERE
00:15:39TO HELP.
00:15:44THE POLITICAL STUFF WENT AWAY RIGHT? IT GOT STRIPPED AWAY AND NOW
00:15:48THERE WAS A VERY BASIC SENSE OF
00:15:50WE LOOK OUT FOR EACH OTHER AND
00:15:54THAT WAS A POWERFUL MOMENT.
00:16:01AND AND SO YOU'D GO THROUGH
00:16:05TIMES WHERE THIS WAS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT, OBVIOUSLY, AS COMMANDER IN
00:16:09CHIEF, FOR EXAMPLE, REMEMBER,
00:16:12THERE WAS A TERRIBLE INCIDENT IN
00:16:16WHICH A A BUNCH OF U.S. SERVICE
00:16:20MEMBERS HAD BEEN KILLED AND AND
00:16:24INTELLIGENCE HAD BEEN KILLED IN ONE EVENT.
00:16:28AND I FLEW TO DOVER DOVER AND
00:16:32THE PLANE CAME IN AND THERE'S CALLED A DIGNIFIED TRANSFER.
00:16:34THE CASKETS ARE OFFLOADED FROM
00:16:41THE PLANE AND GENERALLY THE
00:16:46PRESIDENT DURING WARTIME IS VISITING ALL THE TIME.
00:16:49BUT ON THIS PARTICULAR OCCASION
00:16:52I DECIDED TO GO UP AND WE STOOD THERE.
00:16:56IT'S A IT'S A REMARKABLE.
00:17:01DEEPLY MOVING CEREMONY BECAUSE
00:17:06IT'S JUST QUIET AND I WAS MYSELF
00:17:11I THINK ATTORNEY GENERAL HOLDER
00:17:13WAS THERE AND YOU HOLD THE
00:17:17SALUTE THESE ARE CASKETS. THEY'RE DRAPED WITH THE AMERICAN
00:17:20FLAG AND YOU HOLD THE THERE.
00:17:23AND IT TOOK BECAUSE OF THE TRAGEDY, THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE
00:17:27HAD BEEN KILLED. YOU KNOW, YOU WE STOOD THERE FOR
00:17:31AN HOUR OR SO, NO SPEECHES, NO
00:17:35COMMENTARY.
00:17:36IT WAS, AGAIN, A A SIGNAL OF
00:17:41WHAT IS IMPORTANT AND THE
00:17:45SACRIFICES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE
00:17:49AND IT'S INTERESTING HOW LATER
00:17:51ON YOU'D SEE SERVICE MEMBERS WHO
00:17:55AGAIN, WEREN'T BIG.
00:17:59OBAMA FANS, BUT THEY WOULD NOTICE THAT AND SOMETIMES THEY'D
00:18:03COME UP AND SAY, YOU KNOW, I DIDN'T VOTE FOR YOU.
00:18:06BUT THAT MEANT A LOT TO ME, RIGHT?
00:18:08SO YOUR I THINK IN THAT OFFICE
00:18:12TRYING TO WHO ARE WE AND AND TRY
00:18:18TO TRY TO EXHIBIT SOME OF OUR
00:18:21BEST SELVES. NOW WHEN I FIRST CAME INTO
00:18:24OFFICE THE LAST POINT I'D MAKE
00:18:25ABOUT THIS.
00:18:29YOU GUYS WILL REMEMBER THERE WAS QUITE A BIT OF HOOPLA ABOUT ME
00:18:32GETTING ELECTED AND.
00:18:37THINGS AND WAS VERY SENSITIVE TO
00:18:41NOT PLAY INTO THE CELEBRITY ASP
00:18:47SEX OF THE PRESIDENT. SO BECAUSE WE WERE GOING THROUGH
00:18:52A UNPRECEDENTED FINANCIAL CRISIS, WE HAD TWO WARS GOING ON
00:18:57AND SO I SPENT MY FIRST YEAR REALLY JUST FOCUSED ON POLICY C
00:19:01AND HAD KIND OF A LUNCH PAIL ATTITUDE. I DID NOT WANT TO BE A SHOW
00:19:05HORSE. I WANTED TO BE A WORKHORSE.
00:19:08AND THE COUNTRY BENEFITED FROM
00:19:11OUR FOCUS AND WE HAD A LOT OF REALLY GREAT PEOPLE IN THE
00:19:14ADMINISTRATION AND WE GOT A LOT DONE.
00:19:18BUT WHAT I CAME TO REALIZE
00:19:20PARTLY WE GOT CLOBBERED IN A
00:19:23MIDTERM BECAUSE UNEMPLOYMENT WAS
00:19:2510% THE FALLOUT FROM THE
00:19:27FINANCIAL CRISIS PART OF MY JOB
00:19:31WAS IN FACT TO TELL STORIES ABOUT.
00:19:35THE COUNTRY THAT TO TELL STORIES ABOUT HOW.
00:19:39WE MANAGE ADVERSITY, HOW WE TREAT EACH OTHER.
00:19:43THERE WAS A THERE'S A POETRY
00:19:46THAT, YOU KNOW, I THINK GOVERNOR
00:19:47CUOMO OF, NEW YORK ONCE SAID YOU
00:19:51CAMPAIGN IN POETRY AND, YOU GOVERN IN PROSE. BUT IN FACT, ACTUALLY, YOU HAVE
00:19:54TO WITH A LITTLE BIT OF POETRY AS WELL.
00:19:56YOU HAVE TO BE ABLE TO.
00:20:04INSPIRE PEOPLE BECAUSE A LOT OF
00:20:08THE ISSUES THAT WE WORK ON ARE HARD AND AND PEOPLE GET
00:20:13DISCOURAGED AND PROGRESS CAN BE
00:20:16THAN I THINK MOST FOLKS WANT.
00:20:19>> SPEAKING OF A CHALLENGE RIGHT
00:20:23NOW. YOU'RE ON A CAMPUS AND, WE ARE
00:20:28WRESTLING WITH WHAT IS WHAT IT MEANS ON A CAMPUS.
00:20:32YOU HAVE RECENTLY, JUST THIS
00:20:34WEEK EVEN YOU'VE BEEN SPEAKING
00:20:38ABOUT HIGH AND I TRY TO REMEMBER
00:20:42WHERE I SAW IT, BUT YOU HAD SAID
00:20:44PERHAPS THE GREATEST RISK OF I
00:20:47AND BY THE YOU ACKNOWLEDGE WHAT
00:20:50GOOD COULD BRING TO US IN SCIENCE AND MEDICINE. I MEAN YOU'RE VERY CLEAR ABOUT THAT.
00:20:54BUT YOU IDENTIFIED A PARTICULAR
00:20:56RISK WHICH WAS TO HAVE THIS TOOL
00:20:59THAT IS CHANGING THE DAY TO HAVE
00:21:03THIS TOOL IN THE HANDS OF A VERY SMALL NUMBER OF PRIVATE
00:21:09COMPANIES THAT PRESENTS A QUITE
00:21:11SPECIFIC RISK.
00:21:14>> DO YOU ADDRESS THAT RISK IN A
00:21:19DEMOCRACY? >> WHAT'S THE DEMOCRATIC I CAN IMAGINE WHAT A AN AUTOCRATIC
00:21:23RESPONSE WOULD BE. THIS IS OURS. WHAT IS THE DEMOCRATIC RESPONSE
00:21:27TO A TOOL, A POWER THAT WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT IS.
00:21:31SO WHAT IS THE AGAIN, I REALLY THINK IN OUR CULTURE, IN OUR
00:21:34SYSTEM, IN OUR GAME, HOW DO WE REGULATE THIS OR HOW DO WE ADDRESS THIS?
00:21:38>> OKAY, SETTLE IN HERE. I'M MIKE.
00:21:41OH, I MIGHT HAVE TO. I'M I'M A FORMER SENATOR.
00:21:46THIS MIGHT FEEL LIKE A FILIBUSTER, BUT I AM.
00:21:48I'M GOING TO TAKE SOME TIME ON
00:21:50THIS, AND I WANT TO GO A LITTLE
00:21:52DEEP ON IT, PARTLY BECAUSE I AM
00:21:56ENCOURAGED THAT THIS LAST COUPLE
00:21:58OF WEEKS THIS HAS FINALLY POPPED
00:22:04AS A CENTRAL ISSUE.
00:22:06PEOPLE WERE TALKING ABOUT IT.
00:22:09PEOPLE WERE CONCERNED ABOUT DATA
00:22:11CENTERS, BUT I DON'T THINK AS A
00:22:15SOCIETY WE FULLY GRAPPLED WITH
00:22:21HOW IMPORTANT THIS CHOICE WE
00:22:23MAKE AROUND THIS WILL END UP BEING OVER IN THE NEXT
00:22:30GENERATION. SO.
00:22:34LET ME START WITH SOME BASICS.
00:22:38I DO NOT BELIEVE THIS TECHNOLOGY
00:22:42IS OVERHYPED THE COMMERCIAL
00:22:47BENEFITS OF IT MAY BE OVERHYPED. YOU KNOW, THE VALUATIONS OF
00:22:51COMPANIES MAY BE OVERHYPED.
00:22:53THE TECHNOLOGY ITSELF IS NOT OVERHYPED.
00:22:55I'VE BEEN TRACKING THIS FOR A LONG TIME.
00:22:58I ACTUALLY.
00:23:02IN 2015, 16, IN THE LAST COUPLE
00:23:06YEARS, MY PRESIDENCY, I ACTUALLY WAS FOCUSED ON THIS.
00:23:10LET'S PULLED TOGETHER A COMMISSION OF THE BEST MINDS IN
00:23:15THIS AREA TO TALK ABOUT THE NOT
00:23:18JUST THE TECHNOLOGY, BUT ALSO
00:23:20THE POLITICAL SOCIAL, ECONOMIC,
00:23:23ETHICAL CONCERNS AROUND THIS
00:23:26PRODUCED TERRIFIC REPORT.
00:23:28APPARENTLY, IT GOT.
00:23:32PUT IN THE SAME BIN AS MY
00:23:35PANDEMIC PROPOSAL.
00:23:39ALL, BUT IT WASN'T PICKED UP.
00:23:41THE ADMINISTRATION THAT FOLLOWED
00:23:47ME. SO WE COULD SEE THIS COMING. BUT PART OF WHAT MAKES THIS
00:23:51PROFOUND IS IT ACCELERATES.
00:23:55SO WE WHAT IS HAPPENING RIGHT
00:23:58NOW, IS WE HAVE REACHED THIS
00:24:01POINT OF WHAT'S CALLED RECURSIVE
00:24:03LEARNING, WHERE ESSENTIALLY AND WE HAD ANTICIPATED THIS, BUT
00:24:08WE'RE NOW SEEING THE MACHINES ARE STARTING TO BE ABLE TO TEACH
00:24:13THEMSELVES. THEY DON'T HAVE TO WAIT FOR
00:24:16HUMANS TO START FIGURING THINGS
00:24:22OUT. AND SO IF YOU IF YOU THINK ABOUT
00:24:24IT AS LET'S, SAY, HUMANS ARE
00:24:27TEACHERS AND THEY AND MODELS ARE
00:24:32STUDENTS. AS RECENTLY AS LET'S, SAY, A
00:24:35YEAR AGO.
00:24:3990% OF THE LEARNING OF THESE
00:24:41MODELS WAS GIVEN TO THEM BY
00:24:43TEACHER HUMANS AND MAYBE 5 TO
00:24:4710% THEY COULD FILL IN SOME GAPS
00:24:49AND FIGURE STUFF OUT.
00:24:55IN LESS THAN A YEAR, MAYBE EVEN THAN SIX MONTHS.
00:24:57WE'RE NOW AT A STAGE WHERE IT'S.
00:25:0150. AND IF THE TREND LINES CONTINUE,
00:25:04THE EXPECTATION IS IT MIGHT.
00:25:08BE 9010. BUT WHAT THIS MEANS IS, IS THAT WE'RE NOW IF THE LEARNING TRACK
00:25:11OF AGE HAS BEEN LIKE THIS, WE'RE
00:25:13NOW HEADING THE HOCKEY STICK
00:25:16TRAJECTORY WHERE. THE MODELS ARE GOING TO GET
00:25:21SMARTER AND SMARTER AND BETTER AND BETTER AT A MUCH FASTER
00:25:23PACE, AT AN EXPONENTIAL PACE.
00:25:27WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF THAT?
00:25:28THERE'S THE SCIENCE FICTION
00:25:32RISK, YOU KNOW, OF WHY THESE
00:25:34GUYS, THESE MODELS GET SMARTER
00:25:37THAN US AND THEY DECIDE HUMANS
00:25:42ARE FINE, BUT NOT NECESSARILY.
00:25:46THEY START SETTING THEIR OWN
00:25:47GOALS AND WE, THE KILLER ROBOTS
00:25:51THAT ARE KILL US OR WE BOW DOWN
00:25:53TO THEM.
00:25:58I DO NOT WANT TO EXAGGERATE THAT
00:26:00RISK, BUT I WILL SAY THERE IS A NON-ZERO RISK OF.
00:26:06NO NON-ZERO CHANCE OF THAT HAPPENING.
00:26:08BUT THAT'S NOT ACTUALLY THE RISK THAT I'M MOST CONCERNED ABOUT,
00:26:13ALTHOUGH IT'S THE RISK THAT GETS MOST ATTENTION.
00:26:15AND THE REASON THAT'S A RISK IS,
00:26:17IS NOT BECAUSE THE THE COMPUTER
00:26:23MODELS ARE CONSCIOUS NECESSARILY. IT DOESN'T MEAN THAT THEY ARE
00:26:27NECESSARILY A FEEL MALICE TOWARDS HUMANS.
00:26:31IT'S JUST THAT IF THEY START
00:26:35SETTING THEIR OWN AGENDAS, THEY
00:26:40YOU MAY GET A MISALIGNMENT
00:26:44BETWEEN WHAT THEY WANT TO DO AND WHAT WE WANT THEM TO DO.
00:26:48AND THAT GAP CAN DANGEROUS.
00:26:50AND THAT'S PROBLEM NUMBER ONE.
00:26:53THE MORE SERIOUS PROBLEM IS
00:26:55THESE MODELS ARE POWERFUL ENOUGH
00:26:58THAT IF THEY GET IN THE HANDS OF BAD, THEY CAN DO BAD THINGS.
00:27:02THEY CAN BE WEAPONIZED IN CERTAIN WAYS.
00:27:05THEY CAN DO A LOT OF MISCHIEF.
00:27:07SO THE CLASSIC EXAMPLE WOULD BE.
00:27:12WE WILL BE AT A POINT IN, EVEN
00:27:17IF THERE ARE CERTAIN SAFEGUARDS
00:27:19AROUND IT, IF WE HAVEN'T DONE A GOOD ENOUGH JOB IN THE
00:27:22SAFEGUARDS, IT'S CONCEIVABLE THAT SOMEBODY COULD TAKE THEM
00:27:25THE EQUIVALENT OF A FUTURE CLOD,
00:27:27OPEN AIR AND SAY, I WANT TO COME UP WITH A NEW STRAIN.
00:27:32SMALLPOX, AND RELEASE IT IN NEW
00:27:35YORK SUBWAY SYSTEM.
00:27:37SHOW ME HOW IT'S DONE USING
00:27:42INGREDIENTS I CAN BUY AT HOME
00:27:44DEPOT AND THE COMPUTER MIGHT
00:27:46FIGURE IT OUT OR.
00:27:49SOMEBODY MIGHT NOT EVEN TRY TO
00:27:50BE THAT DESTRUCTIVE, BUT JUST
00:27:53SAY, HEY, I WANT A PROGRAM THAT
00:27:58MAXIMIZES MY RETURNS ON INVESTMENT IN THE STOCK MARKET.
00:28:01DO WHATEVER IT TAKES.
00:28:03AND IF THE INSTRUCTIONS ARE
00:28:07ILLEGAL, YOU KNOW, DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT.
00:28:10AND AND SUDDENLY THAT COULD
00:28:11BRING DOWN THE STOCK MARKET.
00:28:14SO SO THAT'S A MUCH BIGGER DANGER.
00:28:17AND IF I SAID THE DANGER OF THE
00:28:21FIRST SORT OF WHAT'S CALLED THE
00:28:22SINGULARITY AND, YOU KNOW,
00:28:26SUPERINTELLIGENCE, TAKING OVER, IF I SAY THAT'S STILL A
00:28:30RELATIVELY SMALL CHANCE OF THAT
00:28:34THAT, THERE IS A GREAT
00:28:37LIKELIHOOD THAT ROGUE A.I. CAN
00:28:40CAUSE LOT OF HAVOC.
00:28:43THEN YOU'VE GOT ISSUES OF JOB
00:28:45DISPLACEMENT AND THERE'S DEBATES ABOUT HOW MANY JOBS ARE GOING TO
00:28:47BE DISPLACED. I WILL SAY THIS, YOU AND I ARE
00:28:51BOTH LAWYERS.
00:28:52I'M IF I'M MISTAKEN.
00:28:57CURRENTLY PARTNERS AT LAW FIRMS
00:28:59RELY ON A BUNCH OF JUNIOR
00:29:02ASSOCIATES. THEY CHARGE A LOT OF MONEY FOR
00:29:06THE TIME OF THOSE JUNIOR ASSOCIATES. THERE'S A PYRAMID.
00:29:10THE PROMISE TO THE ASSOCIATES AS THEY WORK THEIR WAY UP.
00:29:14AND AT SOME POINT THEY'LL BE AT THE TOP OF, THE PYRAMID, AND
00:29:17THEY CAN MAKE SOME BANK.
00:29:22IF YOU ARE INVESTING IN A.I. AT THE LAW AND THEY'RE PRETTY
00:29:26EXPENSIVE, THE REASON YOU'RE MAKING THAT INVESTMENT IS
00:29:29BECAUSE IT WILL ALLOW YOU TO DO
00:29:32THINGS WITHOUT THOSE ASSOCIATES.
00:29:34AND THAT'S AT A FAIRLY HIGH
00:29:38SKILLED, HIGHLY TRAINED JOB.
00:29:40SO THE ECONOMIC DISRUPTION THAT
00:29:43WILL COME AT THE SPEED I THINK ARE GOING TO BE PROFOUND AS WELL.
00:29:47AND THEN FINALLY, YOU'VE GOT ALL KINDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES,
00:29:50A.I. COMPANIONS AND, YOU KNOW, DO WE WANT A TEDDY BEAR WHO'S
00:29:54BECOMING YOUR KID'S FRIEND AND
00:29:56IS TRAINED TO BE AS ADDICTIVE AS
00:30:00POSSIBLE JUST LIKE SOCIAL MEDIA, RIGHT? SO YOU'VE GOT ALL THESE ISSUES.
00:30:04IT'S MOVING SO FAST. WHAT HAPPENED OVER THE LAST
00:30:08COUPLE OF WEEKS IS THE A COUPLE
00:30:12OF THEM, THE LEADERS OF WHAT ARE
00:30:16CALLED THE FRONTIER COMPANIES,
00:30:18THE FOLKS WHO ARE DEVELOPING THE VERY CUTTING EDGE OF THESE
00:30:22MODELS, GOT SCARED ENOUGH THEMSELVES THAT THEY SAID, YOU
00:30:25KNOW WHAT, WE NEED TO DOWN NOW
00:30:30TWO OF THOSE COMPANIES,
00:30:32ANTHROPIC AND OPEN ARE ABOUT TO
00:30:36LAUNCH MASSIVE IPOS THAT MAKE
00:30:39ALL THEIR EMPLOYEES MILLIONS AND
00:30:42OF DOLLARS. IT IS UNPRECEDENTED FOR
00:30:45COMPANIES IN POSITION TO SAY,
00:30:47YOU KNOW WHAT, OUR STUFF IS A
00:30:49LITTLE BIT THEY DANGEROUS AND
00:30:53MAYBE WE NEED TO STOP OR SLOW IT
00:30:56DOWN NOT STOP BUT SLOW DOWN.
00:30:58I SAY, BECAUSE I THINK THERE ARE
00:31:01SOME PEOPLE THINK AND
00:31:04UNDERSTANDABLY THINK, WELL, THESE TECH COMPANIES, THEY MIGHT
00:31:07JUST BE TRYING TO BLOCK OUT COMPETITION BY SAYING.
00:31:11WE NEED TO PUT A SLOW THIS DOWN
00:31:14ETC. THE MISTRUST OF BIG TECH
00:31:17COMPANIES AND THE AMOUNT OF
00:31:20POWER THAT THEY HAVE AMASSED.
00:31:21I UNDERSTAND I WILL SAY THAT IN
00:31:25THIS SITUATION THERE THEY ARE
00:31:29GENUINELY WORRIED ABOUT THEIR PRODUCT. ALL RIGHT.
00:31:33SO NOW THAT I'VE GOT YOUR
00:31:38ATTENTION. THE GOOD NEWS IS, IS THAT THESE
00:31:41ARE STILL THESE AIR AS A TOOL. IT'S A MACHINE.
00:31:45IT'S BUILT TO GIVE YOU THE ILLUSION THAT IT'S NOT, BUT IT IS.
00:31:49IT'S A REALLY REMARKABLE
00:31:52TECHNOLOGY. IT SHOULD BE THOUGHT OF AS A TOOL, WHICH MEANS WE HAVE
00:31:55CHOICES IN TERMS OF HOW WE USE THIS. AND YOU'RE RIGHT, IF WE USE IT
00:32:00PROPERLY, IF WE DIRECTED AT DRUG
00:32:03DEVELOPMENT TO CURE CANCER, IT
00:32:05COULD VASTLY ACCELERATE OUR
00:32:07ABILITY TO RID THE WORLD OF CANCER.
00:32:10IF WE TRAIN IT AND SAY FIGURE
00:32:15OUT ZERO CARBON EMISSION ENERGY
00:32:19SOURCES, IT COULD COME UP WITH A
00:32:21SAFE FORMULA FOR NUCLEAR FUSION
00:32:27THAT ACTUALLY GIVES US MUCH MORE
00:32:31PLENTIFUL ENERGY WITHOUT WARMING THE PLANET.
00:32:33REALLY USEFUL STUFF.
00:32:35BUT IF WE GET THIS.
00:32:39IT COULD BE CHAOTIC AND POTENTIALLY CATASTROPHIC.
00:32:43SO IN MY VIEW, THIS WEEK HAS
00:32:45BEEN IT IS GOOD THAT.
00:32:51SOME OF THE LEADING COMPANIES HAVE SAID WE NEED TO SLOW THIS
00:32:55DOWN, BUT AND WE SHOULD
00:32:59ENCOURAGE THAT. THERE HAVE BEEN SOME ON THE LEFT WHO SAID WE SHOULDN'T ALLOW THEM
00:33:03TO MAKE THAT DECISION.
00:33:06I AGREE THAT THAT CAN'T BE A
00:33:10LONG TERM SOLUTION.
00:33:12GOVERNMENT HAS TO BE REGULATING
00:33:17THIS.
00:33:17I HEARD ONE OF DONALD TRUMP'S
00:33:22MAIN ADVISERS ON THIS MAKE, THE ARGUMENT THAT THE MARKET WILL
00:33:26TAKE CARE OF IT. THESE COMPANIES WILL SOLVE THE
00:33:30SAFETY ISSUES. THEY HAVE EVERY INCENTIVE TO DO SO IF IT TURNS OUT TO BE
00:33:37DANGEROUS. PEOPLE WILL JUST SUE THEM AND,
00:33:39YOU KNOW, THEY'RE WORRIED.
00:33:41FINANCIAL LIABILITY, THAT'S NOT
00:33:45HOW WE TREAT AIRLINES OR DRUG
00:33:51COMPANIES OR FOOD COMPANIES.
00:33:53WE NOW HAVE A 150 YEARS OF
00:33:59EXPERIENCE JUST LETTING THE
00:34:01MARKET DO WHATEVER IT WANTS WHEN
00:34:04IT COMES TO THINGS THAT DEEPLY AFFECT OUR HEALTH AND OUR SAFETY.
00:34:08AND SO THERE'S NO REPLACEMENT
00:34:10FOR AN EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT
00:34:13REGULATORY STRUCTURE AND. THE CHALLENGE WE HAVE IS, IS
00:34:18THAT WE HAVE A PRESIDENT
00:34:21CURRENTLY THAT HAS SAID THAT'S
00:34:26FOR LOSERS.
00:34:28SO WE'VE GOT TO GET AT LEAST A
00:34:32COUPLE OF YEARS WHERE THINGS ARE MOVING REALLY FAST.
00:34:35AND WE HAVE AN ADMINISTRATION
00:34:37THAT IS NOT CAPABLE OR WILLING
00:34:41TO I WOULD ARGUE BOTH A PUTTING
00:34:45TOGETHER A SERIOUS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, WHICH IS WHY I
00:34:49ACTUALLY THINK WE SHOULD BE
00:34:51ENCOURAGED, URGING SOME SORT OF
00:34:53VOLUNTARY INDUSTRY RESTRAINT, NOT BECAUSE IT'S A REPLACEMENT,
00:34:56BUT BECAUSE THAT'S PROBABLY THAT MAY BE THE BEST WE CAN DO FOR
00:35:01NOW UNTIL WE CAN GET CONGRESS
00:35:05AND, THE WHITE HOUSE, TO START GETTING SERIOUS ABOUT THIS.
00:35:08I KNOW SOME STATES ARE GOING TO
00:35:10BE TRYING TO INITIATE REGULATORY
00:35:14STUFF, BUT IT'S HARD TO DO THIS
00:35:18STATE BY STATE, JUST LIKE GUN CONTROL.
00:35:20YOU KNOW, IN MY HOME STATE, YOU
00:35:22HAVE SOME STRICT GUN CONTROL
00:35:24LAWS, BUT THE SURROUNDINGS STATES DO NOT, WHICH MEANS THAT
00:35:28THEY DON'T WORK. THIS MORE DANGEROUS AND IT MOVES
00:35:32FASTER. LAST POINT AND I WARNED YOU I
00:35:35WAS GOING TO FILIBUSTER, BUT REALLY WANT TO GET THIS STUFF IN
00:35:38BECAUSE IT REALLY DOES MATTER.
00:35:42I MENTIONED EARLIER THAT.
00:35:48WHAT'S CALLED THE ALIGNMENT
00:35:52PROBLEM IS ONE OF THE GREATEST
00:35:54DANGERS OF I IF I IF YOU GIVE AN
00:36:00INSTRUCTION TO A AND IT'S NOT
00:36:04PRECISE, EVEN IF IT'S GOING
00:36:07ROGUE AND IT GOES OFF AND DOES
00:36:09THINGS THAT MAN I DIDN'T THINK OF THE FACT THAT WHEN I SAID
00:36:14MAXIMIZE MY RETURNS ON INVESTMENT THAT YOU MIGHT, YOU
00:36:18KNOW, HACK INTO A POWER GRID TO
00:36:21CAUSE A BLACKOUT BECAUSE YOU
00:36:23SHORTED A STOCK RIGHT RIGHT SO
00:36:27SO YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT
00:36:29YOU ARE DEALING WITH THAT CORE
00:36:31PROBLEM OF ALIGNMENT.
00:36:33THERE IS ANOTHER ALIGNMENT
00:36:36PROBLEM THOUGH, AND THAT IS THE
00:36:41THE MISALIGNMENT BETWEEN HOW
00:36:45THIS TECHNOLOGY CAN BE BEST USED FOR SOCIETY TODAY AND THE
00:36:48COMMERCIAL IMPERATIVES OF THESE
00:36:53COMPANIES.
00:36:53WE ARE THESE HAVE ATTRACTED MORE
00:36:57CAPITAL AND ARE IT'S A BIGGER
00:37:01SPEND THAN THE MOON PROBE.
00:37:05THE APOLLO PROGRAM. IT IS IT IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST,
00:37:09IF NOT BIGGEST INVESTMENT
00:37:13INFRASTRUCTURE AND SCIENCE AND
00:37:16TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN HISTORY.
00:37:18AND IT'S HAPPENING VERY FAST.
00:37:24AND INVESTORS WANT TO RETURN. AND WHAT THAT MEANS IS, IS THAT
00:37:28THERE IS PRESSURE ON THESE COMPANIES, EVEN IF THEY ARE
00:37:31WORRIED THAT THEY HAVE TO COME
00:37:32UP WITH MODELS WILL JUSTIFY ALL
00:37:36THAT INVESTMENT. SO THE BIG RIGHT NOW AND THAT IS
00:37:40WHAT ARE CALLED AGENTS, A GENTLE
00:37:42GUY, YOU GUYS, THOSE OF YOU WHO
00:37:44WATCH LIKE IRON MAN, RIGHT.
00:37:47IRON MAN IN THIS ROLE SUIT AND HE I DON'T REMEMBER WHAT THE
00:37:50GUY'S NAME IS, JEEVES OR WHATEVER. AND HE JUST TALKS AND THE GUY'S
00:37:53LIKE, HE A BRITISH ACCENT OR SOMETHING. AND HE KIND OF GOES, YES, SIR.
00:37:59AND HE SOLVES ALL THESE PROBLEMS JUST WITH VOICE, THEN KNOW.
00:38:01OR IF SEEN HER, SCARLETT
00:38:04JOHANSSON, A VERY COOL, YOU
00:38:07KNOW, A GENTLE GUY.
00:38:12THAT'S THE DIRECTION WE'RE GOING
00:38:14IN BECAUSE THE NOTION IS IS A
00:38:19GENTLE.
00:38:19OKAY, I WILL ALLOW THESE AI BOTS
00:38:23TO OPERATE, THESE MODELS TO
00:38:24OPERATE THE WORLD, BE YOUR BE,
00:38:29YOU KNOW, REPLACE THE LOST
00:38:31ASSOCIATE OR THE THE PROBLEM IS
00:38:36WHEN YOU IF THAT'S YOUR BUSINESS
00:38:40MODEL, YOU WANT TO THEN GET IT
00:38:42OUT AND SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO
00:38:44TEST IT BY LETTING RUN WILD IN THE WORLD TO SEE IF IT'S
00:38:48ACTUALLY WORKING.
00:38:50AND THAT'S WHERE A LOT OF THE
00:38:52DANGER MAY COME IN, BECAUSE AS
00:38:56YOU'RE NOT IN A SEALED BOX.
00:39:00IT'S IT'S IN THE INTERNET. IT'S LOOKING AT YOUR BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC.
00:39:05I USE THAT AS AN EXAMPLE TO SAY
00:39:09IF WE ARE THINKING ABOUT A.I., JUST IN TERMS OF HOW DO WE CURE
00:39:13CANCER OR GET BETTER ENERGY, YOU
00:39:15CAN DO THAT WITHOUT A GENETIC
00:39:18A.I. AND HAVING A JUST ROAMING
00:39:21FREE IN THE INTERNET.
00:39:22THE REASON YOU ARE DOING THAT IS
00:39:25BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO MARKET A PRODUCT THAT PEOPLE WILL PAY MONEY FOR.
00:39:29THAT'S A MISALIGNMENT.
00:39:33WHAT OUR SOCIETY NEEDS AND THE
00:39:35COMMERCIAL IMPERATIVE THAT THESE COMPANIES ARE FACING, NOT
00:39:39BECAUSE NECESSARILY THEY'RE TRYING TO DO BAD THINGS, BUT
00:39:43BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, THEY'VE GOT TO THEY'VE GOT TO JUSTIFY THESE
00:39:48VALUATIONS. SO THAT'S MORE REASON WHY IT IS
00:39:52REALLY IMPORTANT FOR US TO HAVE
00:39:54A COMPETENT GOVERNMENT AND A
00:39:58SERIOUS BIPARTISAN CONVERSATION AROUND THIS ISSUE.
00:40:00AND WE HAVE TO DO IT FAST.
00:40:03AND I WOULD ENCOURAGE VOTERS TO.
00:40:09ATTENTION TO THIS. IF SOMEBODY DOES NOT HAVE A SERIOUS PLAN FOR HOW TO DEAL
00:40:13WITH THIS, THEN THEY'RE NOT MEETING THE MOMENT.
00:40:17AND YOU PROBABLY LOOK FOR SOMEBODY ELSE. ALL RIGHT.
00:40:22SORRY ABOUT THAT. BUT I WANTED TO.
00:40:27OF IT'S NOT THE ONLY THING WE'VE
00:40:30GOT TO DEAL WITH, BUT IT'S A BIG ONE. >> SO SINCE THIS IS FAMILY
00:40:34WEEKEND AND I WANT PEOPLE TO FEEL GOOD, I'M GOING TO GO FROM
00:40:37BOTS TO THE THREATS TO OUR DEMOCRACY. THERE YOU GO.
00:40:40OKAY YEAH, BECAUSE. >> BECAUSE WE'RE DOING GREAT ON THAT FRONT.
00:40:43>> WELL, HERE YOU GO. >> WELL, HAPPY NEWS.
00:40:45>> OKAY, THIS IS A QUESTION AND
00:40:49JOB OFFER. >> OKAY.
00:40:51WHICH IS THIS SAY KOGI
00:40:55UNIVERSITY WAS LUCKY ENOUGH TO
00:40:57SAY FORMER CONSUL TO A LAW
00:41:00TEACHER AT CHICAGO WAS GOING TO JOIN OUR FACULTY AS A
00:41:04DISTINGUISHED VISITING PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE.
00:41:07SEEMS LIKE A POPULAR IDEA.
00:41:12>> AND YOU'RE GOING TO TEACH A COURSE ON DEMOCRACY.
00:41:14>> BUT ONLY IN SEPTEMBER.
00:41:16>> ONLY IN SEPTEMBER. >> WE HAVE A VERY GOOD
00:41:20BASKETBALL TEAM AND YOU WOULD LIKE IT VERY MUCH HERE IN THE WINTER.
00:41:24SO YOU ARE NOW A A COURSE ON DEMOCRACY.
00:41:27ONLY IN THE EARLY, BUT AT THIS
00:41:33MOMENT, AT THIS MOMENT, WHAT
00:41:35WOULD YOU TEACH THEM WHAT I MEAN.
00:41:38I CAN IMAGINE YOUR CONSTITUTION LAW EXPERT, YOU COULD DO THAT
00:41:41YOU COULD SAY, HEY, THIS IS HOW THE GOVERNMENT WORKS. >> BUT THIS IS A THIS IS A
00:41:45MOMENT. WHAT WOULD YOU DO IN AN ADVANCED
00:41:48SEMINAR AS A PROFESSOR AT COLGATE ABOUT DEMOCRACY?
00:41:52>> I THINK IT'S A GREAT
00:41:56QUESTION. I THINK THE FIRST THING I'D WANT
00:41:58TO DISCUSS WITH THE STUDENTS
00:42:01SINCE IT'S A SEMINAR, I'D KIND
00:42:03OF OPEN IT UP.
00:42:08EVERYBODY IN THIS GYM GREW IN A
00:42:14FAIRLY UNIQUE TIME.
00:42:18AND EVEN OLD PEOPLE LIKE ME THE
00:42:22POSTWAR WAR TWO ERA IN WHICH IN
00:42:27FITS AND STARTS AND WITH MODERN
00:42:34AND, YOU KNOW, RIOTS AND
00:42:38ASSASSINATIONS, A LOT OF TERRIBLE STUFF HAPPENED. BUT IF YOU WERE LUCKY ENOUGH TO
00:42:41LIVE IN THIS COUNTRY, THAT PERIOD YOU SAW A BROADENING OF
00:42:46DEMOCRACY OVER TIME.
00:42:49THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
00:42:51WOMEN'S MOVEMENT, LGBTQ
00:42:56MOVEMENT. EXPANSION OF THE FRANCHISE, ONE
00:42:59PERSON, ONE VOTE, AND.
00:43:05A SOLIDIFICATION POST.
00:43:07THE MCCARTHY ERA OF NOTIONS OF
00:43:10CIVIL LIBERTIES AND FREEDOM OF SPEECH.
00:43:14AND WE BUILT A PRETTY REMARKABLE
00:43:18CONSENSUS AROUND THAT.
00:43:18THAT WAS SHARED BY BOTH PARTIES,
00:43:22BOTH MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES
00:43:26THAT BEGAN TO BREAK DOWN.
00:43:28YOU ARGUE WHEN MAYBE IT WAS
00:43:32ACCORDING TO LYNDON JOHNSON THE MINUTE HE SIGNED THE CIVIL
00:43:34RIGHTS ACT OF 1964, YOU YOU
00:43:38COULD ARGUE THAT IT HAPPENED AS
00:43:42A CONSEQUENCE OF CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY AND AND AFTER RONALD
00:43:47REAGAN.
00:43:49BUT WHAT SAW WAS PEOPLE
00:43:54MISTRUSTING THAT PROGRESS OR TAKING IT FOR GRANTED.
00:43:58AND I THINK THE MAIN THING I
00:44:00WOULD BE TEACHING JUST BY VIRTUE
00:44:02OF LOOKING AT AMERICAN HISTORY WHICH I KNOW THAT YOU STUDIED
00:44:07DEEPLY IS DEMOCRACY IS NOT
00:44:14SELF-EXECUTING. IT REQUIRES A CERTAIN SET OF
00:44:18NORMS, HABITS AND SOCIAL TRUST.
00:44:24AND MUSCLES HAVE TO CONTINUALLY
00:44:27BUILT, BUILT UP AND PASSED.
00:44:29YOU CAN'T PASSIVE WILLY JUST SIT
00:44:32THERE AND SAY YOU'RE IN A
00:44:34DEMOCRACY IF YOU ARE NOT ENGAGED IN IT.
00:44:37AND I THINK THAT WHAT WE HAVE
00:44:40SEEN FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS IS
00:44:44NOT JUST JUST THE THE WAYS IN
00:44:53WHICH. INEQUALITY AND ECONOMIC POWER
00:44:56HAVE DISTORTED OUR DEMOCRACY,
00:45:00BUT ALSO HOW WE'VE LOST A LOT OF
00:45:02THOSE HABITS OF CITIZENSHIP AND
00:45:09THE THING WE NOW HAVE TO GRAPPLE
00:45:11WITH IS HOW DO WE CREATE NOT
00:45:17JUST A GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM, BUT
00:45:20ALSO EDUCATION SYSTEMS. SO CIVIC INSTITUTIONS, WHAT USED
00:45:23TO BE CALLED MEDIATING
00:45:26INSTITUTIONS, THINGS LIKE, YOU
00:45:29KNOW, IT USED TO BE THE CHURCH
00:45:31OR UNIONS OR, WHAT HAVE YOU. HOW DO WE ADAPT THOSE TO A
00:45:35INTERNET INFORMATION DIGITAL AGE
00:45:39THAT, ENGAGES PEOPLE AND GIVES THEM A SENSE AGENCY?
00:45:41BECAUSE IF PEOPLE DON'T FEEL LIKE THEY HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY
00:45:45TO MAKE DEMOCRACY WORK, IT DOESN'T WORK.
00:45:49IT STARTS BREAKING DOWN AND YOU
00:45:55GET THE SYLLABUS HAVE WOULD
00:45:57START WITH THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
00:46:01THOSE OF YOU WHO DON'T WANT TO TAKE THE ENTIRE COURSE SINCE
00:46:05IT'S A FANTASY BECAUSE YOU KNOW
00:46:11MY WIFE'S NOT GOING TO BE HAPPY
00:46:13IF I'M GONE FOR THE FALL.
00:46:18BUT IF YOU WANT TO JUST A QUICK SYNOPSIS IS WATCH KEN BURNS'S
00:46:21AMERICAN REVOLUTION SIX PARTS I
00:46:24THINK 2 HOURS EACH, 12 HOURS. YOU CAN DO IT ON THE TREADMILL.
00:46:27WHAT IS STRIKING WHEN YOU WATCH
00:46:29IT IS JUST HOW THIS WHOLE
00:46:33EXPERIMENT WAS.
00:46:35AND IT STARTED OUT TRUTHFULLY
00:46:39WITH A BUNCH OF RICH GUYS NOT
00:46:41WANTING TO PAY THEIR TAXES THE
00:46:45DEMOCRACY WAS NOT THE BEGIN THING.
00:46:48WASN'T THE CORE ANIMATING
00:46:50PRINCIPLE AT THE START OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, THERE WAS
00:46:54FRUSTRATION WITH THE EMPIRE AND
00:47:00THE COLONIALISTS FEELING AS IF
00:47:02THEY WERE BEING IMPOSED UPON.
00:47:05AND IT WAS A FAIRLY NARROW.
00:47:09AND OVER TIME WHAT HAPPENED IS,
00:47:14IS THAT THESE ACTIONS BEHIND THE
00:47:18INITIAL ACTIONS LIKE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY, START GETTING AN
00:47:22ARTICULATION OF THIS BROADER
00:47:25IDEA, YOU KNOW, PROPS TO THOMAS PAINE, BY THE WAY.
00:47:28THAT GUY ACTUALLY BELIEVED IN DEMOCRACY.
00:47:31AND SO YOU START GETTING THESE
00:47:33IDEAS CIRCULATING ABOUT WHAT
00:47:37DEMOCRACY MEANS FOR ORDINARY
00:47:39PEOPLE AND AND PEOPLE LIKE
00:47:44PHILLIS WHEATLEY, AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMAN GETS
00:47:48THOMAS PAINE. SHE READS THIS AND SHE SAYS, YOU KNOW WHAT? THIS IS A GOOD IDEA.
00:47:51THIS IDEA OF THE FRANCHISE AND EVERYBODY HAVING SAY IN THEIR
00:47:54GOVERNMENT, THIS MIGHT APPLY TO BLACK PEOPLE OR IT MIGHT APPLY
00:47:58TO WOMEN AND SLOWLY, BY THE TIME
00:48:02YOU GET TO THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, AS FLAWED AS IT
00:48:06IS, YOU DO HAVE THIS THIS
00:48:08PRECIOUS IDEA, I THINK ONE OF
00:48:12THE BEST IDEAS IN HUMAN HISTORY,
00:48:16IF NOT THE BEST, WE'RE ALL CREATED EQUAL.
00:48:19WE'RE ENDOWED, YOU KNOW, WITH
00:48:22CERTAIN INALIENABLE AND THEN WE
00:48:26HAVE TO TRY TO OPERATIONALIZE IT.
00:48:28BUT BUT I I SAY THAT BECAUSE IT
00:48:32IS NOT A STATIC THING AND IT'S NOT A GIVEN.
00:48:36AND I, I CAN GIVE YOU ALL KINDS
00:48:38OF SPECIFICS HOW WE MIGHT GET
00:48:40RID OF THE FILIBUSTER OR REFORM
00:48:43CAMPAIGN FINANCE OR THIS OR THAT OR THE OTHER.
00:48:46BUT AT ITS CORE, DEMOCRACY MEANS
00:48:50EVERYBODY IN THIS AUDITORIUM AND
00:48:52BEYOND SAYS, I HAVE A SAY IN HOW
00:48:57WE COLLECTIVELY AND I HAVE
00:49:02RESPONSIBILITY THAT GOES BEYOND MINE. THERE IS SELF INTEREST TO MAKE
00:49:05SURE THAT THING WORKS AND.
00:49:09WE HAVE TO FIND BETTER WAYS IN
00:49:12THIS ULTRAFAST.
00:49:16YOU KNOW, DYNAMIC.
00:49:20THIS ERUPTIVE SOCIETY THAT WE'RE
00:49:22LIVING THROUGH TO RECREATE THAT
00:49:25SENSE OF AGENCY ON THE PART OF
00:49:27INDIVIDUALS AND WE BELIEVE
00:49:29THAT'S IMPORTANT ENOUGH THAT THERE ARE TIMES WHERE WE WILL
00:49:33SET ASIDE OUR INTERESTS.
00:49:37WE CAN HAVE DEBATES. LET ME I'M JUST GOING TO GIVE
00:49:40YOU ONE SPECIFIC DEBATE EXAMPLE.
00:49:42WE CAN HAVE DEBATES WHAT OUR
00:49:45MARGINAL TAX RATE TAX RATES SHOULD BE.
00:49:48AND I WOULD ARGUE THAT.
00:49:52WEALTHY PEOPLE IN THIS COUNTRY DO NOT PAY ENOUGH IN TAXES AND
00:49:56THE VERY ULTRA WEALTHY OFTEN
00:50:00TIMES PAY NO TAXES AND HAVE FIGURED OUT HOW TO GAME THE
00:50:04SYSTEM, BUT BUT THAT WE HAVE THAT DEBATE.
00:50:08BUT I HEAR BILLIONAIRE HEIRS,
00:50:11NOT MILLIONAIRES BUT FOLKS WHO
00:50:15CANNOT SPEND AND EVER A FRACTION
00:50:21OF THEIR WEALTH AND NEITHER CAN
00:50:23THEIR KIDS OR THEIR GRANDKIDS.
00:50:26SO SAY THEY ARE MOVING TO
00:50:29FLORIDA, NOT BECAUSE THEY LOVE FLORIDA.
00:50:33THEY MIGHT NOTHING NOTHING AGAINST FLORIDA.
00:50:37NICE, BUT BECAUSE THEY'RE TRYING
00:50:39TO AVOID A STATE TAX, WHICH IS A
00:50:43ROUNDING ERROR IN THEIR WEALTH WEALTH.
00:50:47NOW, THAT'S A THERE'S A CERTAIN
00:50:49MENTALITY THERE THAT SAYS I
00:50:53SHOULD NOT HAVE TO GIVE UP
00:50:55ANYTHING DESPITE THE FACT THAT
00:50:57THAT WEALTH, WHATEVER YOU WANT TO ARGUE ABOUT HOW HARD THEY WORKED OR THIS OR THAT THE OTHER
00:51:01THAT WEALTH WAS THE FOUNDATION OF THAT WEALTH WAS A SOCIAL
00:51:05ORDER AND A SYSTEM THAT HAD AMAZING UNIVERSITIES AND ROADS
00:51:09AND FIRE PROTECTION AND A
00:51:11JUDICIAL SYSTEM THAT COULD
00:51:14ENFORCE CONTRACTS ALL OF WHICH
00:51:17COST SOME MONEY TO MAINTAIN.
00:51:21IF WE DON'T GET THAT RIGHT, THEN
00:51:23THE MECHANICS OF DEMOCRACY WON'T
00:51:27BE ENOUGH. AS WE'VE SEEN, BECAUSE WE'VE JUST SEEN A WHOLE BUNCH OF LAWS
00:51:31IN PLACE THAT HAVE BEEN BLOWN
00:51:33THROUGH IN WAYS I WOULD NEVER
00:51:35HAVE ANTICIPATED MY IMAGINATION
00:51:39COULD NOT SOME OF THE STUFF
00:51:43THAT'S GOING ON RIGHT NOW, I BELIEVE WAS JUST AN ANNOUNCEMENT
00:51:46THAT THE WHITE HOUSE DECIDED
00:51:49THAT YOU KNOW WHAT CNN MSM MUST
00:51:55NOW MAYBE THE NEW YORK TIMES
00:51:57WILL INCLUDE YOU JUST CAN'T COME
00:52:01TO THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS
00:52:03BRIEFINGS ANYMORE BECAUSE YOU GIVING THE CURRENT PRESIDENT
00:52:07UNFAVORABLE COVERAGE. I'M TRYING TO THINK WHAT WOULD
00:52:11HAVE HAPPENED IF I HAD SAID, YOU KNOW WHAT, FOX NEWS OUT OF HERE,
00:52:15IT'S UNIMAGINABLE.
00:52:19SO BUT THE POINT I'M MAKING HERE
00:52:21IS, IS THAT IF YOU HAVE A
00:52:23CERTAIN COHORT, LET'S CALL IT 30
00:52:26TO 35% OF THE COUNTRY RIGHT NOW.
00:52:28WHICH THINKS THAT'S OKAY.
00:52:30WELL, WHAT THAT MEANS IS, WE
00:52:32HAVE NOT DEVELOPED THE KIND OF.
00:52:36UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT DEMOCRACY
00:52:40REQUIRES AND WE'VE GOT TO SHORE THAT BACK UP. I DON'T THINK THAT'S INEVITABLE.
00:52:44I THINK ALL IS LOST ON THAT
00:52:48FRONT. BUT WE HAVE TO ROLL UP OUR
00:52:51SLEEVES, GET WORKING.
00:52:55YEAH, BUT.
00:53:02I WANT TO I WANT TO BUILD ON
00:53:03WHAT YOU ACTUALLY JUST DID AND I
00:53:07WANT TO MOVE THAT TO THE WORK
00:53:09COULD DO IN THE OBAMA CENTER. >> BECAUSE WHEN I ASKED YOU
00:53:11ABOUT TOBACCO SEEDS, WHAT YOU
00:53:15DID WAS OFFER AN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN
00:53:18REVOLUTION, I WOULD ARGUE THAT GREAT UNIVERSITIES ARE UNDER
00:53:23SIGNIFICANT STRAIN RIGHT NOW. >> THAT'S THE WORK OF GREAT UNIVERSITIES TO TRAIN PEOPLE TO
00:53:28UNDERSTAND THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF WHAT JUST HAPPENED.
00:53:30>> SO, YEAH, FOR UNIVERSITIES
00:53:32BUT I THINK FOR UNIVERSITIES
00:53:37VERY. BUT YOU'RE ALSO MAKING THE ARGUMENT THAT THESE ARE
00:53:42PRACTICES AND NORMS THAT CAN BE IN, YOU KNOW, INCULCATED,
00:53:46DEVELOPED. >> IS THAT THE WORK WHAT YOU
00:53:49WHEN I LOOK AT THE OBAMA CENTER
00:53:52THE CORE IT IS TRAINING CAN YOU
00:53:59TRAIN PEOPLE TO BE LEADERS? CAN YOU TRAIN PEOPLE IN DEMOCRACY? >> ABSOLUTELY.
00:54:02>> WHAT I WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT
00:54:07BECAUSE I AN ARMY OF.
00:54:1220 SOMETHING YEAR OLDS BASIC BY
00:54:15THE AGE OF A BUNCH OF THE YOUNG
00:54:19PEOPLE WHO ARE ABOUT TO
00:54:21GRADUATE, WHO WE DROPPED INTO
00:54:25THE CORN FIELDS IN IOWA AND
00:54:27SMALL TOWNS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE
00:54:32AND.
00:54:35CREATED A DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT
00:54:38AND PROCESS AS OUT OF WHOLE
00:54:42CLOTH IN SOME WAYS THAT THEN SWAMPED ALL THE PROFESSIONAL
00:54:46CONSULTANTS AND.
00:54:50POLLSTERS AND MACHINERY.
00:54:54UPENDED THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND
00:54:56IT WAS KIDS WHO DID IT BECAUSE
00:55:02ACTUALLY KNOW THESE HABITS.
00:55:04I TALK ABOUT ABOUT.
00:55:09DEMOCRACY, DRAW ON THINGS THAT ARE INSIDE OF US.
00:55:12I'LL GIVE YOU A SIMPLE EXAMPLE.
00:55:15SO THE LEADERS WE HAVE VERY AND.
00:55:21BOTH THE WORK THEY DO AND THE
00:55:24STAGES THEY ARE IN THEIR CAREERS. I MEAN, WE HAVE PROGRAMS FOR
00:55:27YOUNG BOYS AND WHO ARE STILL IN
00:55:33SECONDARY SCHOOL, WE'VE GOT A PROGRAM CALLED VOYAGERS FOR
00:55:37UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO ARE INTERESTED IN PUBLIC SERVICE
00:55:41CAREERS. BUT WE ALSO HAVE LEADERS PROGRAM NOT JUST HERE, BUT IN EUROPE AND
00:55:45AFRICA AND ASIA. THAT INCLUDES MEMBERS OF,
00:55:48PARLIAMENT OR CHIEFS OF STAFF OF
00:55:50OR DOCTORS WHO HAVE ALREADY SET UP, YOU KNOW, WOMEN'S HEALTH
00:55:55CLINICS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OR
00:55:57WORKING ON MISINFORMATION OR
00:56:00HUMAN RIGHTS LAWYERS IN RUSSIA
00:56:04OR ARE THEY, YOU KNOW,
00:56:06CONSERVATION AND SOME VIETNAM
00:56:08PEOPLE IN THEIR THIRTIES WHO HAVE ALREADY DONE AMAZING STUFF,
00:56:12WE GET THEM TOGETHER.
00:56:14THE THING WE DO IS WE HAVE A
00:56:21WHOLE MODULE JUST AROUND
00:56:26LISTENING TO PEOPLE.
00:56:29BECAUSE IT TURNS OUT THAT YOU
00:56:35CAN TEACH PEOPLE TO TAP INTO
00:56:37THEIR ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE, PEOPLE
00:56:39WHO ARE NOT LIKE THEM.
00:56:44INSTEAD OF GOING INTO A
00:56:46COMMUNITY SAYING, WANT TO BE A LEADER, AND I'VE GOT A PLAN,
00:56:50WHAT WE SAY IS INTO OUR COMMUNITY.
00:56:53ASK PEOPLE WHO THEY AND WHAT THEIR STORIES ARE AND WHAT THEIR
00:56:57TRADITIONS ARE AND WHAT THEIR VALUES ARE.
00:57:00AND BE QUIET AND SHOW SOME
00:57:04HUMILITY BECAUSE IT TURNS OUT
00:57:07THAT IF YOU ARE OPEN TO
00:57:09LISTENING, PEOPLE WILL WILL TELL
00:57:13YOU AMAZING THINGS ABOUT THEIR LIVES. THEY'LL TALK ABOUT THE IMMIGRANT
00:57:19GRANDPARENTS WHO CAME HERE AND,
00:57:21YOU KNOW, SITTING LISTENING TO
00:57:23THEIR GRANDMA AND THEY'LL TALK
00:57:27ABOUT THE GREAT MIGRATION AND
00:57:29HOW YOU AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILY
00:57:32IN MADE THEIR WAY TO CHICAGO AND
00:57:35THEY'LL THEY'LL TALK ABOUT THEIR FEARS AND THEIR HOPES.
00:57:39AND WHEN YOU DO THAT, WHEN YOU
00:57:41LISTEN TO PEOPLE'S STORIES, YOU START STITCHING IT TOGETHER WITH YOUR WORDS.
00:57:45YOU ARE NOW CREATING A RELATIONSHIP WITH THEM THAT
00:57:47TRANSCENDS JUST SELF-INTEREST.
00:57:51AND YOU BUILT SOME TRUST.
00:57:53AND NOW YOU'RE IN A POSITION ACTUALLY SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT, WE
00:57:57ACTUALLY SHARE THIS STUFF. MAYBE WE SHOULD WORK TOGETHER AND GET THIS DONE.
00:58:01WHAT DO YOU THINK?
00:58:03SO YOU CAN TEACH AND I'M USING THAT AS ONE EXAMPLE.
00:58:06YOU CAN'T TEACH SKILLS.
00:58:10AND I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS
00:58:11THAT WE ARE MISSING AND
00:58:14UNIVERSITIES AT THEIR BEST CAN
00:58:16PROVIDE IS.
00:58:22DEVELOPING A PRACTICE OF HOW DO
00:58:25WE TALK TO EACH OTHER AND SEE EACH OTHER AND RECOGNIZE AS EACH
00:58:29OTHER AND RESPECT EACH OTHER,
00:58:31EVEN IN DEEP DISAGREEMENT THAT
00:58:37IS THE ESSENCE OF DEMOCRACY. BUT I WOULD ALSO ARGUE AS THE
00:58:40ESSENCE OF THE BEST FORMS OF LEADERSHIP THERE'S ANOTHER MODEL
00:58:43OF LEADERSHIP, AND IT'S GOT A LONGER LINEAGE WHICH INVOLVES
00:58:48HOW HIERARCHY AND DOMINANCE AND
00:58:50SUBMISSION AND SCAPEGOATING AND
00:58:54RACISM AND ANTI-SEMITISM AND
00:58:57PUTTING WOMEN IN THEIR PLACE AND PUTTING GAY PEOPLE BACK IN THE
00:59:00CLOSET THAT THAT IS AND IS IS BACKED BY COERCION AND VIOLENCE.
00:59:05AND THAT A, YOU KNOW.
00:59:10A LONG TIME MECHANISM FOR RULE
00:59:16AND POWER.
00:59:20BUT THE AMERICAN EXPERIMENTS PREMISED ON THIS DIFFERENT AT
00:59:22ITS BEST AND HAD CONQUEST AND WE
00:59:25HAD SLAVERY AND NATIVE WERE
00:59:29REMOVED FROM THEIR LAND AND WE DID A BUNCH OF TERRIBLE THINGS
00:59:32BUT AT OUR BEST WHAT CAME OUT OF
00:59:36THAT AMERICAN REVOLUTION WAS THIS DIFFERENT IDEA.
00:59:40AND THAT'S THE KIND OF
00:59:44LEADERSHIP WE NOT ONLY BELIEVE
00:59:48WE CAN DEVELOP, BUT I ARGUE HAS
00:59:50TO BE DEVELOPED AT THIS TIME, AT
00:59:52THIS MOMENT, OUR HISTORY,
00:59:55BECAUSE THE WORLD WHAT THE
00:59:58INTERCONNECTIVITY DONE IS IT HAS THE WORLD'S HAVE COLLIDED.
01:00:03YOU HAVE VILLAGES IN MY
01:00:06GRANDMOTHER'S GRANDMOTHER'S RIGHT. YOU HAVE PEOPLE IN MY
01:00:09GRANDMOTHER'S VILLAGE IN AN
01:00:12ILLEGAL IN RURAL KENYA WHO ARE
01:00:17WATCHING KARDASHIANS ON THEIR CELL PHONES.
01:00:21PART OF WHY CULTURE WARS SEEM TO
01:00:25ACCELERATE AND PEOPLE FEEL SO THREATENED IT'S BECAUSE IT USED
01:00:27TO BE FOLKS IN SAN FRANCISCO AND
01:00:33FOLKS IN LUBBOCK, TEXAS, DIDN'T
01:00:36NECESSARILY KNOW HOW THE OTHER WAS LIVING.
01:00:40AND NOW IT'S IN THEIR FACES AND THEY FEEL THREATENED BY THAT.
01:00:44AND IF WE IF WE CAN DEVELOP A
01:00:48CAPACITY TO SEE EACH OTHER AND RECOGNIZE OUR COMMON HUMANITY,
01:00:52THAT THE KINDS OF OLD STYLE
01:00:55LEADERSHIP WITH THE WEAPONS HAVE
01:00:59AND THE MEANS OF PROPAGANDA THAT WE CURRENTLY HAVE, THAT WILL BE
01:01:03A RECIPE FOR, A TRAGIC AND WE'VE
01:01:08GOT A BETTER OPTION. IT'S MORE FUN NOT HATING EACH
01:01:11OTHER AND TRYING GET ALONG AND
01:01:15WORKING TOGETHER. SO THEREFORE, THAT'S MY VIEW.
01:01:20YOU KNOW, I LISTEN YOU AND WE'RE
01:01:23GETTING NEAR THE END OF OUR TIME. >> WE'RE ACTUALLY AT THE END OF OUR TIME. BUT I'M GOING TO ASK THIS
01:01:27QUESTION, LISTENING TO YOU AND
01:01:31REMEMBERING THE OPERATIVE POLITICAL FRAME OF HOPE THAT YOU
01:01:35BROUGHT. AND I LOOK AT OBAMA'S CENTER AND
01:01:38ITS WORK. WHAT PERCENTAGE OF YOUR WORK NOW
01:01:41IS BASED ON THIS FAITH IN THIS
01:01:45OPTIMISM HOPE, OR HOW MUCH OF IT IS LIKE A REARGUARD ACTION OF
01:01:49DESPAIR? NO, I LOOK AT I MEAN, YOU WERE
01:01:53ASKING ABOUT THE ROLE OF
01:01:55UNIVERSITIES, RIGHT?
01:01:59>> MY UNIVERSITY YEARS INVOLVED
01:02:03SOME EXCESSIVE PARTYING AT THE BEGINNING.
01:02:08AND THEN I KIND OF FLIPPED A
01:02:10SWITCH AND BECAME A SORT OF WAY
01:02:13TO SERIOUS AND AND ISOLATE IT
01:02:20AND ALMOST MONKISH FOR THE
01:02:25LATTER PART OF IT. I WAS ALL OUT OF BALANCE TRYING
01:02:29TO FIGURE STUFF OUT. BUT THE ONE THING THAT HAPPENED
01:02:31TO ME DURING MY TIME AT THE UNIVERSITY IS AND I THINK THIS
01:02:35IS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE OF A
01:02:37UNIVERSITY AND LIBERAL ARTS
01:02:40UNIVERSITIES TO GET YOU TO THINK
01:02:43DEEPLY ABOUT WHAT ARE YOUR DEEPEST COMMITMENTS YOUR VALUES.
01:02:47DO YOU HAVE A CODE?
01:02:49ARE THE THINGS YOU'RE WILLING TO
01:02:51SACRIFICE FOR WHAT GIVES MEANING
01:02:55TO YOUR AND PURPOSE, TO YOUR LIFE.
01:03:01AND AND THAT WAS A GREAT GIFT
01:03:03AND A LUXURY AND AND EACH
01:03:07UNIVERSITY HAS TO DO DIFFERENT THINGS OR CAN CHOOSE TO DO
01:03:11DIFFERENT THINGS. YOU KNOW, THERE ARE SOME UNIVERSITIES. THEIR MISSION IS WE'VE GOT TO
01:03:14MAKE SURE THAT PEOPLE FIND A
01:03:18WORK IN A NEW ECONOMY ARE TRAINED.
01:03:20AND THAT'S A THAT'S A NOBLE MISSION AND PURSUIT AND BUT BUT
01:03:24DURING THAT TIME, PARTICULARLY IN YOUR LATE TEENS, EARLY
01:03:28TWENTIES, THAT'S THE TIME TO FIGURE OUT WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO YOU.
01:03:32I SAY ALL THAT BECAUSE.
01:03:36ONE CONCLUSION THAT I DREW FROM
01:03:40THIS PERIOD OF TIME, BOTH
01:03:42PARTYING AND READING A LOT OF
01:03:49BOOKS.
01:03:51WAS THAT THE THE WORLD IS
01:03:57COMPLICATED AND HUMANS ARE REALLY COMPLICATED.
01:04:01AND AND WE.
01:04:07WE WANDERING THROUGH DURING THIS
01:04:09BRIEF TIME THAT WE HAVE WITH
01:04:15GOOD AND BAD AND BEAUTY AND
01:04:17UGLINESS AND, VIOLENCE AND LOVE
01:04:21CONSTANTLY PULLING AT US AND
01:04:23HAPPENING TO US AND INSIDE US
01:04:29AND WHERE WE GET POWER IS WHEN
01:04:31WE MAKE A DECISION TO TRY TO
01:04:35PURSUE AND EMBODY AND TRY AS
01:04:38BEST WE CAN IMPERFECTLY, TO LIVE
01:04:41OUT A SENSE THAT, YOU KNOW WHAT?
01:04:44THIS IS A WONDROUS AMAZING JOURNEY. I'M ON. AND LET ME SHARE IT WITH SOME
01:04:48FELLOW TRAVELERS.
01:04:50DO MY BEST AND.
01:04:52I AND WORK THROUGH THE TOUGH TIMES AND.
01:04:56APPRECIATE THE GOOD ONES AND SO
01:05:00SO HOPE FOR ME.
01:05:02I'VE SAID THIS IN THE SPEECH THAT KIND OF LAUNCHED MY
01:05:05NATIONAL POLITICAL CAREER ABOUT HOPE, A HOPE AS NEVER BLIND
01:05:09OPTIMISM AND YOU KNOW, IT HOPE
01:05:15IS GROUNDED IN A CLEAR EYED
01:05:18RECOGNITION THAT TOUGH THINGS
01:05:21HAPPEN AND THE WORLD IS DEEPLY IMPERFECT, BUT WE HAVE THE
01:05:27AGENCY WE MAKE CHOICES ABOUT
01:05:28WHAT WE WE WHAT WE FEED AND WHAT
01:05:34WE STARVE.
01:05:36AND I'D RATHER FEED IN THAT
01:05:42SENSE THAT THERE IS A THERE'S A
01:05:46COMMONALITY AND A GOODNESS IN PEOPLE AND THAT I'D RATHER THOSE
01:05:48PARTS OF ME THAT ARE GREEDY OR
01:05:50OR SELFISH OR SCARED OR MEAN AND
01:06:01I THINK THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WE
01:06:03ALL WRESTLE WITH AND WE ALL HAVE THE CAPACITY TO MAKE OUR OWN
01:06:08CHOICES. I LIKE MY CHOICE AND I LIKE IT
01:06:10FOR THE COUNTRY AS WELL SO.
01:06:14ALL RIGHT. >> THANK YOU.
01:06:16IT WAS GOOD.
01:06:21ALL RIGHT. OF COURSE, I HAVE MORE
01:06:23QUESTIONS, BUT I THINK TO ON THAT NOTE, WHICH IS NOT JUST A
01:06:27POLITICAL MANIFESTO, BUT A MANIFESTO, SO THAT SHOULD
01:06:30ANIMATE ANY COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY. >> SO YOU'RE HIRED TO BE A
01:06:34PROFESSOR. THIS WHOLE THING WAS JOB INTERVIEW.
01:06:36>> LET'S THANK OBAMA FOR BEING
01:06:38HERE AND.
01:06:45REALLY TRUE.
01:06:56>> THIS AFTERNOON, NEBRASKA REPUBLICAN SENATOR PETE RICKETTS
01:06:58ATTENDS HIS STATE'S ANNUAL STEAK FRY TO FUNDRAISE FOR HIS MIDTERM
01:07:02REELECTION CAMPAIGN. THIS YEAR'S EVENT FEATURES
01:07:04REPUBLICAN SENATOR JOHN KENNEDY FROM LOUISIANA, FROM WEEPING
01:07:08WATER, NEBRASKA. WATCH IT LIVE.
01:07:101 P.M. EASTERN ON C-SPAN ONLINE
01:07:12AT C-SPAN, OREGON WITH OUR FREE
01:07:14C-SPAN NOW VIDEO APP.
01:07:21>> WATCH AMERICA'S BOOK CLUB.
01:07:23C-SPAN'S BOLD ORIGINAL SERIES
01:07:25TODAY WITH OUR GUESTS, TWO TIME PULITZER PRIZE WINNING AUTHOR
01:07:29AND REPORTER DAVID MARANISS. AMONG BESTSELLING BOOKS ARE
01:07:34BIOGRAPHIES ON PRESIDENTS BILL CLINTON AND BARACK AND SPORTS
01:07:38FIGURES ROBERTO CLEMENTE, VINCE LOMBARDI AND JIM THORPE.
01:07:41HE JOINS OUR HOST, RENOWNED
01:07:43AUTHOR AND CIVICALLY LEADER DAVID RUBENSTEIN, WHO WROTE
01:07:47ANOTHER ABOUT A LEGENDARY
01:07:49FOOTBALL WHO SPENT A YEAR IN WASHINGTON, D.C.
01:07:52VINCE LOMBARDI YOU KNOW, I'M NEVER GOING TO WRITE A BOOK ABOUT AARON OR BRETT FARVE OR
01:07:56ANY OTHER COACH. >> IT WAS LOMBARDI BECAUSE HE
01:08:00REPRESENTED SOMETHING LARGER.
01:08:02HE REPRESENTED THE MYTHOLOGY, COMPETITION AND SUCCESS IN
01:08:05AMERICAN LIFE. THAT'S WHY I WROTE THAT BOOK.
01:08:07>> WATCH AMERICA'S BOOK CLUB TODAY AT 6 P.M. AND 9 P.M.
01:08:11EASTERN AND PACIFIC.
01:08:13ONLY ON C-SPAN.
01:08:19>> MICHIGAN REPUBLICAN SENATE CANDIDATE MIKE ROGERS SPOKE TO
01:08:21VOTERS ABOUT HEALTH CARE POLICY DURING AN EVENT IN TAYLOR.
01:08:25>> AFTERWARDS, THE CANDIDATE GAVE AN EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW TO
01:08:29C-SPAN. >> MR. ROGERS FACES DEMOCRATIC
01:08:32ABDUL EL-SAYED IN IN A RACE THAT
01:08:34THE NONPARTISAN COOK POLITICAL
01:08:36REPORT RATES AS A TOSS UP.
01:08:38HERE'S A LOOK.
01:08:42>> ALL RIGHT, ALL RIGHT.
01:08:47NOW.
01:08:48GET ARE WE READY?
01:08:55OKAY. SO HELLO, EVERYONE, AND THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE TODAY.
01:08:57I'M MICHIGAN STA