Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:08They are still reliable and have even gained significant traction due to
00:00:12the addition of an extra fifth segment. I think we found a
00:00:15very good solution, based on the capabilities that were at our
00:00:19disposal. We used engines from the shuttle,
00:00:22solid rocket boosters, hull elements and so on, and
00:00:26ended up with a more budget-friendly version of the rocket instead of...
00:01:00we think
00:01:00about it,
00:01:08everything comes down to the need to overcome Earth's
00:01:11gravity, to reach orbit we need to reach a certain
00:01:15speed, and for that a large fuel supply
00:01:18is required, so the size of our rockets depends on how
00:01:21much payload we want to put into orbit, and also on
00:01:25how much additional fuel will be needed to get to
00:01:29the moon. That's why the SLS rocket is so
00:01:32big, that's why Saturn 5 was so big,
00:01:36that's why Starship will be so big, because they
00:01:39need to carry a large mass
00:01:41into space.
00:01:44All these things are due to the physics of the tasks pursued by a
00:01:48particular mission. With the Shuttle it was a completely different story, it
00:01:52combined the characteristics of a spacecraft and a
00:01:55glider, flew to low Earth orbit
00:01:59afterwards.
00:02:07This is a completely different implementation of the task. In the case of a space capsule, we
00:02:11are dealing with direct atmospheric
00:02:13entry.
00:02:16It is used to slow down the capsule and subsequently
00:02:19splashdown in the Pacific Ocean by
00:02:21parachute.
00:02:24This is the configuration we are using in the
00:02:27Artemis program.
00:02:34In this regard, our system is very similar to what existed during
00:02:37the Apollo program, which means that we have parasitic
00:02:41stages, part of the way they travel with the overall
00:02:45structure, and then, having fulfilled their function, they detach
00:02:48and burn up upon atmospheric entry. We consciously
00:02:51decided to abandon the reusability
00:02:55of solid rocket boosters, as was done on the shuttle, this was
00:02:58done for the sake of increasing.
00:03:54If you look at the bottom of the SLS first stage, here we see the engine section, which houses four RS-25
00:03:56engines.
00:04:01and this is undoubtedly the most complex part in terms of propulsion
00:04:05systems: the avionics system, electronic
00:04:08control, everything we need to communicate with
00:04:11the engines, to guide the vehicle where
00:04:15it needs to go,
00:04:19next is the liquid hydrogen tank, this is the most voluminous part of
00:04:23the rocket, its height is 40
00:04:27m, from here fuel enters the engine.
00:04:34Slightly above is the interstage space, the upper attachment
00:04:38point for the solid rocket boosters. The boosters are
00:04:41two solid rocket motors that help the ship overcome Earth's
00:04:45gravity, so structurally, this is the most
00:04:49reinforced part of the rocket's body. Even higher
00:04:52is the liquid oxygen tank, which is an
00:04:55oxidizer, a chemical element that provides
00:04:58a certain combustion regime. Finally, the nose skirt, which
00:05:02houses the avionics and onboard computers, from here electronic
00:05:05communication between the engine section and the Flight Control
00:05:09Center at Johnson Space Center is established, to have.
00:05:22From a technological point of view, today we have a much higher production rate, we use more advanced welding technology that provides almost
00:05:26perfect welds, using 3D printing technology
00:05:30we create at an affordable price parts that used to cost a fortune,
00:05:33The quality of
00:05:43the connection of parts is one of the key
00:05:46points in the production of space
00:05:48equipment.
00:05:51That is why we use friction stir welding technology
00:05:55in the Artemis and SLS programs much more actively
00:05:58than in any previous
00:05:59program.
00:06:05One of the advantages of this technology is
00:06:08the high strength of the joints.
00:06:09and a low probability of defects in
00:06:13this process. In traditional welding, two parts
00:06:27of the base metal are joined using a filler material,
00:06:31heated to a certain temperature. The friction stir
00:06:33welding process involves joining only two base materials using
00:06:37a welding rod that rotates at tremendous
00:06:41speed, when the tool passes through two pieces of base
00:06:44metal, they actually mix with each other, they
00:06:47are joined using a filler material, this is the method
00:06:51we use in the manufacture of the first stage elements, if we take
00:06:55the rocket assembly process as a whole, then everything happens quite
00:06:59simply here, all the most difficult things begin at the stage of stuffing
00:07:02it with electronics.
00:07:04Long before
00:07:08the start of a space mission, its parameters are calculated.
00:07:22We must not forget the level of technology in the sixties and
00:07:25seventies, when the Apollos flew, how much everything
00:07:29has changed since
00:07:29then.
00:07:33Today we carry mobile phones in our pockets, whose processors are
00:07:37hundreds of times more powerful than the computers of those
00:07:39years.
00:07:44Modern technologies are new materials, new avionics and
00:07:48electronics, new approaches to spacecraft design.
00:07:51In essence, we are now testing
00:07:54fundamentally new devices,
00:07:57which, although they use the legacy of the Apollos, are still
00:08:00radically different from them, like for example, the Orion
00:08:04capsule.
00:08:43At that time, we constantly had to learn from our own
00:08:45mistakes.
00:08:50Technologies, of course, help us a lot in our work, and we hope that we will be able
00:08:54to continue to use them as we develop. Naturally, all attention is now
00:08:58focused on emerging technologies, like artificial intelligence and
00:09:01other innovations. Who knows what benefits this will bring us in the future. But
00:09:05today, it is people who remain the force that
00:09:08makes rockets fly.
00:09:15This is not a two-lane highway, it is the road to the launch
00:09:18pad, its surface consists of a layer of
00:09:21gravel, necessary to cushion the weight of the crawler
00:09:24transporter with the mobile platform and the Saturn
00:09:27rocket, which weighs over 800 tons,
00:09:31the speed of the transporter does not exceed 15
00:09:34km/h.
00:09:39In the sixties, several studies were conducted on the topic.
00:10:12It's something between a ship, an excavator and a locomotive. They
00:10:16have all these
00:10:17characteristics.
00:10:20These two machines were manufactured in 1965,
00:10:24when the need arose to transport rockets from the assembly and testing
00:10:27complex to the launch pad. The length of these
00:10:30transporters is 40 m, width 35, weight -
00:10:342,700 tons. They made it into the Guinness Book of Records as
00:10:37the heaviest, self-propelled vehicles in
00:10:41the world. Of course, I would like the road to go
00:10:44straight, but that doesn't happen. There are a lot of
00:10:48rivers around here, so you have to constantly zigzag and
00:10:51turn, this makes the task a little more difficult, in the end the whole
00:10:54journey. is about 7 km, from the complex
00:10:57turnaround to the launch pad about 8 hours.
00:11:01We transport the launch vehicle in a vertical position at a speed of 1.3
00:11:05km/h.
00:11:12We could go faster, but we try to stick to this
00:11:15speed. It is determined by the level of vibration generated. We do not
00:11:19want the rocket to be damaged by vibration, at this
00:11:23speed we can guarantee its safe delivery.
00:11:59At the moment, the so-called red team is on the pad,
00:12:03this is a specially trained crew for unscheduled work
00:12:07in the liquid hydrogen fueling zone. Two technicians
00:12:10and a security officer are currently working on the mobile launch pad.
00:12:25Sending the red team to the pad is an emergency
00:12:29measure, yes, we train people for this type of work in advance,
00:12:33we have a staff of rescuers, emergency personnel in case
00:12:36of such a scenario, but using the red team
00:12:40at the launch complex was never part of
00:12:42the plan, this is not a standard operation, it is an emergency
00:12:46step.
00:12:50Everything related to repairing ground systems is actually quite dangerous,
00:12:54and the decision.
00:13:359 years of shuttle operations, so difficulties with eliminating hydrogen leaks are not new to us, especially now, when complex technical interfaces interact at the launch pad, as is known, it was due to problems with hydrogen that we had to make
00:13:38several attempts to launch Artemis, we are still learning
00:13:41to control the systems of this rocket.
00:13:45The very fact that hydrogen is so difficult to contain makes it such a valuable
00:13:48propellant. It is the lightest and smallest molecule, when we
00:13:52accelerate this light molecule, we get through...
00:14:25the weather interferes, it's rarely that everything goes smoothly.
00:14:28Once we launched the New Horizons automatic
00:14:32station on an Atlas 5
00:14:35rocket. The station was heading towards the outer
00:14:39reaches of the solar system at a speed of 58,000
00:14:42km/h to explore
00:14:43Pluto.
00:14:47And, as I recall, it was only launched on the fourth
00:14:50attempt. First there were problems with the launch vehicle, then we
00:14:54were informed that it...
00:15:45The hurricane happened on Thursday, the following Tuesday we
00:15:49launched, and the rocket remained on the launch pad all
00:15:52that time. Just think about it, a hurricane, strong
00:15:55wind here at the spaceport, on Thursday, the following Tuesday
00:15:59launch.
00:16:40We deliberately include this ten-minute pause to
00:16:44fully ensure that we are ready for
00:16:45launch.
00:16:53Then Charlie passes the command to resume the countdown to the
00:16:56NASA Test Director and the launch
00:17:00program
00:17:00operator.
00:17:08We don't have any big red button on the console that
00:17:12launches the rocket, the countdown is controlled by two
00:17:16computers,
00:17:20this is the launch sequence control device,
00:17:23abbreviated GLS and ALS. They
00:17:26issue commands to ground and onboard systems, starting from
00:17:30the -10 minute mark, humans do not interfere with
00:17:34the process of sending the necessary commands. If everything goes.
00:18:163 2 1 ignition of the boosters and launch of Artemis
00:18:191, we are going back to the moon
00:18:23and beyond.
00:18:55I have been here for many launches, including shuttles and other
00:18:58missions, but never before have I felt the floor
00:19:01vibrate in the control center, during the launch of
00:19:05Artemis it vibrated. It was surprisingly
00:19:08different from all the rocket launches I have seen in
00:19:11my career. It was an amazing demonstration of
00:19:14power. As soon as the solid rocket boosters ignite
00:19:18and the cables separate, our work can be considered
00:19:21done. Further command is transferred to the Flight
00:19:25Control Center in Houston, and we can no longer
00:19:28influence anything. The rocket's flight is now controlled from there, but everything
00:19:31that happens is so captivating that we can't take our
00:19:35eyes off the monitors for a long time.
00:20:07when you see a launch, you experience an indescribable
00:20:10excitement. All this reminded me how in
00:20:131969 I was lying on the side of the road
00:20:16and watching the launch of Apollo 11. These were approximately
00:20:20my personal emotions. And at the same time
00:20:23there was a feeling of pride for what had been achieved. We
00:20:27set ourselves the task of returning to the moon to continue our journey into
00:20:31deep space, and we did
00:20:33it.
00:20:41adventure, exploration, cutting-edge
00:20:44technology.
00:20:47All this is very exciting.
00:21:21this is a phenomenon I saw half a century ago,
00:21:25observing the first lunar program, the same
00:21:28excitement and energy I observe
00:21:30today,
00:21:36every person who was present here on launch day passed
00:21:39the qualification and certification program at the highest
00:21:43level, went through all these launch stages on the countdown simulator
00:21:46and each received approval for...
00:22:07Over the past 60 years, NASA has not only inspired us
00:22:10to be enthusiastic about space, but has also opened the door to the space
00:22:14program to people from all walks of life and from very
00:22:17diverse backgrounds, it is precisely thanks to this that they were able
00:22:21to overcome the path from inspiration to
00:22:23the opportunity to become part of this
00:22:25team.
00:22:28You have earned your place in history, you have become part of
00:22:31an event that is happening for the first time, such a chance
00:22:34does not come often, perhaps only once in
00:22:37a career, but we are all part of something incredibly
00:22:41special, the first launch of
00:22:43Artemis.
00:22:51Artemis 1 was an amazing achievement for
00:22:54all of us, for the launch team, the flight control
00:22:58team, the recovery
00:22:59team.
00:23:02For everyone who manufactured equipment at various stages, from
00:23:06the smallest details to gigantic
00:23:07structures.
00:23:10For specialists from the European Space Agency, all
00:23:14our contractors, including Boeing and Lockheed
00:23:17Martin.
00:23:21These were 10 years of integration, development and
00:23:24overcoming difficulties, rehearsals of launch
00:23:27attempts, hurricanes and other challenges that
00:23:30fell to our lot. And it all
00:23:34started here, with this
00:23:35team.
00:23:39I hardly think I can find words to convey what I
00:23:43felt. I am proud to have
00:23:46been a part of this.
00:24:24Currently, components for seven Artemis missions are in production.
00:24:28Technically, we are set for years to come. Orange
00:24:31is foam, this color has the thermal protective coating of the first
00:24:35stage. This is a toilet that astronauts will use during
00:24:39the three-week mission. If
00:24:42Elon Musk's megaproject does not pass tests in the near future, the entire
00:24:46flight schedule will be at risk.
00:28:52person, we abandoned the Ukrainians,
00:28:55we've screwed this unfortunate Russia over. All these guys are from United
00:28:58Russia, they very much liked our receptions.
00:29:02Cookies were not only for the opposition, they were
00:29:06for Putin's guys too, why is Putin
00:29:09weak, he always received information only from the
00:29:12FSB, KGB, red folder. Trump will try to
00:29:16stay for a third term, well, yes or no? I will be the first person
00:29:20to talk about it on
00:29:21Dorchavela.
00:29:26The conflicting parties will try to conclude local
00:29:30agreements on the evacuation of wounded, sick, disabled,
00:29:34elderly, children, and pregnant women from besieged or surrounded
00:29:37areas, and on the passage into this zone of religious ministers of all
00:29:41faiths, medical personnel, and medical supplies.