Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:26What made young people become punks
00:00:28half a century ago? Loud, rebellious,
00:00:31audacious, a product of its time, and above all,
00:00:35a protest. But is this protest still alive today? We delve into
00:00:38the world of Mohawks, ripped jeans, a place where they are not afraid to go against
00:00:41the rules. Rent is rising, the planet is on
00:00:45fire, where is the future that we were promised? Half a century
00:00:48ago, a group of angry teenagers felt the same way and
00:00:52poured their emotions into something loud. They called it
00:00:56punk. Punk rock is about talking politics and fighting
00:01:03what you believe is wrong, something new, fresh, completely different,
00:01:06a way to break free, an unusual
00:01:09hairstyle, a few safety pins, and a lot of noise. But in reality, there was
00:01:13much more to punk, or rather, much less,
00:01:17that's the point of it all, three
00:01:19chords, that's all you need to start, which means that on
00:01:23Tuesday, a girl could form a band, and by Friday, go on
00:01:26stage. I wondered, should
00:01:30I become a punk myself? Perhaps
00:01:33you now think I'm crazy, but let's figure out what
00:01:37punk really is. Punk is alive, 50
00:01:41years in the game.
00:01:44Let's start with the obvious, the appearance, because
00:01:47that's what everyone immediately imagines, right? This kind
00:01:51of hairstyle, lots of leather, even more studs, and maybe a safety
00:01:54pin. But what I understood first and foremost is that clothing
00:01:58is not the main thing. Your words must mean something,
00:02:02otherwise there's no point in starting, otherwise you're just not
00:02:05doing the right thing. Music is the art of communication. If you have nothing
00:02:08to say to people, then you're just a
00:02:11charlatan. For me, punk was initially like
00:02:14a bunch of questions scattered everywhere, and you need to answer
00:02:17them. No one can give a clear definition of punk.
00:02:21There's a stereotype about punks and Mohawks, leather jackets, studs, that's
00:02:25fine.
00:03:00we would never have heard of them because we were kids, we didn't know that
00:03:04there was some musical underground, this beautiful,
00:03:07brilliant contradiction lies at the very core of punk, it awakened
00:03:11us,
00:03:13many young people already had a feeling that something was fundamentally
00:03:17wrong with the world, punk simply united people with
00:03:20this feeling and gave it
00:03:22a soundtrack.
00:03:35Perhaps we were already charged and ready for this because that's how
00:03:39we felt about the world. It seemed to us that something was wrong with people because
00:03:42the world, as a rule, not always, but as a rule, is ruled by
00:03:45psychopaths. Many things are wrong with the world, and then
00:03:49punk appeared, and suddenly others felt the
00:03:51same way. A serious topic, but that anger did not arise
00:03:55out of nowhere and somehow grew into a whole
00:03:59movement, even into fashion. We
00:04:02return to the beginning, to the woman who, like no
00:04:05other, defined the look of punk, Vivienne Westwood. In
00:04:09essence, Westwood turned rebellion into high
00:04:11fashion. The problem, however, was that it was unaffordable
00:04:15for most punks. Another contradiction. So what
00:04:19to do? Take ordinary clothes, cut them, tear them into pieces, and
00:04:22fasten them together with pins. All right, we've
00:04:25got that sorted. Now, about the inner
00:04:28mood. Let's go back.
00:04:43The economy is in decline, unemployment is skyrocketing, especially among
00:04:47youth. In Britain, entire industries are collapsing,
00:04:51New York is practically bankrupt, crime is
00:04:54rising, many neighborhoods are falling into decay, no jobs, no
00:04:57money, no future.
00:05:06The noise started simultaneously in two cities,
00:05:09in London and New York.
00:06:42The heart of Berlin
00:06:43punk.
00:06:48If punk had a home in Berlin, it would be here, the club
00:06:51SO36 in Kreuzberg, the beating heart
00:06:55of the city's punk scene. It is still thriving
00:06:5848 years after it first opened its doors. This place
00:07:02has seen it all, and the people who keep it alive, they are
00:07:05punk. I would say the club embodies
00:07:09diversity, a certain openness, as well as its own.
00:07:42provided space for everyone who needed
00:07:44it.
00:07:47We threw the first queer party, and it was a
00:07:50success. There was a need for it, to gather
00:07:53together, to make our presence known, to
00:07:56demonstrate our
00:07:59queerness.
00:08:03Punk was never just about noise. It
00:08:06created a space for those kids who didn't fit in
00:08:09anywhere else. A rather humane mission for... a party,
00:08:21it became a target. The police tracked down punks, observed, and
00:08:24interrogated them. One hairstyle could cost a young person
00:08:28their future, so where to run when you're being
00:08:32hunted by the church?
00:08:35The most anti-authoritarian kids in the country hide in
00:08:38the only place where the state would have to think
00:08:41twice before raiding it. Contradiction
00:08:44again. That's how it was once in the GDR and the Soviet
00:08:48Union. Today, punk rockers still face
00:08:51repression in some parts of Indonesia, Russia, Belarus, and
00:08:54Myanmar. But despite everything, punks keep their movement
00:08:58alive. Punk is not
00:09:00dead,
00:09:03it's everywhere, not just in Britain or New York, as in
00:09:06the beginning, it's everywhere you go, in South America,
00:09:10Japan, in all countries.
00:09:13And of course, here in
00:09:15Germany.
00:09:18People constantly say that punk is dead. But this evening, three
00:09:21bands took the stage, and this act didn't seem
00:09:25dead at all. I think punk is still
00:09:28alive. Yes, it definitely hasn't died. "Punk is
00:09:32dead" is a silly phrase. In my opinion, the expression itself
00:09:35is garbage.
00:09:37The punk band Ramkx from South Korea traveled
00:09:41halfway around the world for punk, and brought with them a true punk
00:09:44attitude,
00:09:47I want to be just Ramkx, not a female band
00:09:50Ramkx,
00:09:52okay, 2, 3, 4, I want, I want, I
00:09:56want, I want to be a punk rocker,
00:10:08even if I don't go on stage tonight, it's foolish to deny
00:10:11that...
00:10:28I think Olivia Rodrigo has a certain punk spirit, but
00:10:32she doesn't follow it completely, she weaves it into her own
00:10:35style. For example, Charlie has a real punk attitude,
00:10:38you know, the album Brother, it's very
00:10:42punk, you can see it in it, like playing with
00:10:44pop culture, do you think punk
00:10:47is dead? Never, punk never
00:10:50dies, the style of clothing may not be entirely to my
00:10:54taste, but... it was never just about clothes or just about
00:10:57music. The inner strength I drew from punk, I
00:11:01carry it with me every day. To everyone I meet
00:11:04who is trying to create something but is sitting and waiting for permission, I say: you
00:11:08don't need permission. Go and
00:11:11do it. Punk is much more than fashion and
00:11:15music, it's a way of life. Melody
00:11:17and clothing were just a way to express their
00:11:20dissatisfaction. As for worldview, I would like to consider
00:11:23myself a bit of a punk. And honestly, when I look around
00:11:27today, I think we could all use a little more
00:11:31punk.
00:11:33The opioid crisis - something new or a repeat of history,
00:11:37from opium to heroin, from OxyContin to
00:11:40fentanyl, some of the world's most deadly drugs
00:11:43started their journey as medicine. Let's look at how
00:11:46yesterday's miracle drugs turn into today's global
00:11:50catastrophes. Imagine you walk into a pharmacy with
00:11:53a common cold, and... here's heroin. These days it sounds
00:11:57insane, but a century ago people actually took heroin for
00:12:00coughs, even children. Today we know it's a dangerous hard
00:12:03drug.
00:12:06What if I told you the same thing is happening today, with
00:12:10substances similar to heroin, opioids. It all starts
00:12:13with a promise to relieve pain, but then the situation takes a disturbing
00:12:16turn. From ancient opium to modern synthetic opioids,
00:12:20like Fentanyl, the pattern has always been the same, big promises,
00:12:24deception. Followed by complete catastrophe. And this story
00:12:27continues to repeat itself, even today. The history
00:12:30of opioids.
00:12:34But let's start at the very beginning, with the bright red poppy
00:12:37flower, the source of opium. God
00:12:40of dreams.
00:12:43For millennia, people got high from this plant of
00:12:46joy. It was used both for medical purposes for
00:12:49pain relief, and simply for pleasure. Opium was drunk as
00:12:53tinctures, resin was chewed or inhaled.
00:12:56This seemingly unremarkable flower caused an important turning point
00:12:59in the 19th century, the Opium Wars. We could make a whole
00:13:03program just about this chapter of history. Britain
00:13:06imported opium from India to China, where it was forbidden. Very soon
00:13:10addiction gripped the entire society. China tried to
00:13:13stop this flow. Then Britain started a war that served
00:13:17the interests of opium smugglers and won it. Since then,
00:13:20China has had to loosen its control over foreign trade, including the import of the drug.
00:13:24The Opium Wars led to a massive crisis, changing social life,
00:13:27the economy, and the balance of political power. From a medical
00:13:31point of view, opium had one important drawback. Its potency
00:13:35was almost impossible to predict, because it was extracted directly from
00:13:38the plant. This continued until this man appeared,
00:13:41Friedrich Serturner, a student of a German pharmacist,
00:13:45managed to isolate the active substance. He named it morphine after
00:13:48Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. In combination with
00:13:51the invention of the hollow needle by Irish doctor Francis Rynd,
00:13:55this revolutionized surgery, patients could get rid of agonizing
00:13:59pain in a matter of minutes, and to many it seemed too
00:14:02good to be true. By the 1870s, it became
00:14:06obvious that morphine was addictive to people. This was especially
00:14:10evident during and after the Civil War in the United States. Thousands
00:14:13of soldiers became victims of the so-called soldier's disease, in other words,
00:14:17morphinists.
00:14:19If only there was a painkiller that wasn't so
00:14:22addictive. Heroes wear
00:14:26capes, heroin, heroin,
00:14:28heroin.
00:14:32We all know how this ended. When heroin appeared on the market,
00:14:35it was advertised as a pain reliever and cough
00:14:38remedy. In an era when society was universally
00:14:41suffering from consumption, heroin seemed another step towards the holy grail
00:14:45of pain relief. It was advertised as a more
00:14:48powerful remedy than morphine, but supposedly less
00:14:52addictive. Ironically, they even tried to treat
00:14:56addiction with it, but heroin did not live up to these expectations, patients developed
00:14:59a tolerance to the drug, the longer the treatment lasted, the more
00:15:03they had to take. By
00:15:06the 1920s, a rise in heroin addiction was
00:15:09recorded in several regions, primarily in Europe,
00:15:12the US, China, and Egypt. The drug's reputation changed dramatically,
00:15:16especially in the states, where racist narratives linked drugs to
00:15:19minorities. Opium with Chinese immigrants,
00:15:22cocaine with the African-American community. These stereotypes
00:15:25fueled fear. In 1924,
00:15:28any use of heroin was prohibited.
00:15:32Heroin became much harder to acquire legally. But
00:15:35addiction did not disappear. And this meant colossal profits for
00:15:39black market dealers. About a decade later, a major
00:15:43historical event virtually cut off access even to illegal
00:15:46heroin supplies. World War II began, but another path
00:15:50opened up. The era of synthetic
00:15:53opioids. Previously, drugs like heroin and
00:15:57morphine were derived from poppies, but what if
00:15:59a painkiller could be created in a laboratory, without regard for
00:16:03soil quality, labor, weather, or time. Enter
00:16:07synthetic opioids. Among the first and most zealous
00:16:11developers, as before, were the Germans. In the run-up to the war,
00:16:14they intensified research in the field of synthetic opioids.
00:16:18After all, a country going to war cannot afford to rely
00:16:22on morphine imported from abroad. When the war ended,
00:16:25the victorious countries took all the research results and
00:16:28patents. Let's fast forward 50 years, and encounter, perhaps,
00:16:32the most scandalous case in the history of opioids, a case that laid
00:16:36the foundation for the opioid...
00:17:07pain was declared the nation's number one enemy, and the number
00:17:11of prescriptions for painkillers, including opioids, began to
00:17:14rise again. Even those not suffering from severe cancer pain were prescribed
00:17:18potent drugs. Purdue Pharma caught the wave
00:17:21and employed aggressive marketing strategies.
00:17:24It held conferences for healthcare professionals at resorts across
00:17:28the country, and used data to target doctors who
00:17:31started prescribing opioids left and right. Sales representatives
00:17:35were offered lucrative bonus schemes, and patients.
00:17:49Some crushed the pills to get the entire dose
00:17:52at once instead of a gradual release. In 2007,
00:17:56the company pleaded guilty to misleading
00:18:00the public and paid $600 million
00:18:03in fines. But the story didn't
00:18:05end there.
00:18:15The U.S. The first was related to prescription opioids, the second
00:18:19began after stricter rules for prescribing were implemented.
00:18:22Many addicted individuals switched to illegal heroin, which mainly came
00:18:26from Mexico. And the third wave is related to
00:18:29fentanyl. We've all seen these images.
00:18:33Fentanyl, 100 times stronger than morphine, was initially also used as a
00:18:37pain reliever.
00:18:39But most of it is produced illegally, mainly in
00:18:43China and Mexico.
00:18:46Even such a small packet can be deadly.
00:18:50The problem is this: manufacturers mix fentanyl into
00:18:53all sorts of illegal products, including heroin and counterfeit pills. As
00:18:57a result, many become addicted to it, not even suspecting the danger.
00:19:01Despite the fact that the states still lead the rankings, the opioid crisis
00:19:04and overdose deaths are a problem that is far from just American.
00:19:08Scotland and Canada rank second to fourth. And
00:19:12a similar story is repeating itself, this time on other continents, in
00:19:15Africa, in Asia, in the Middle East. Tramadol
00:19:19is a synthetic opioid developed in the sixties by the German
00:19:22company Grünenthal. For a long time, it
00:19:25was considered a mild opioid with a low risk of addiction,
00:19:28however, information emerged that young people in some African countries, particularly
00:19:32in Ghana and Nigeria, are becoming massively addicted to
00:19:35tramadol. These claims are now confirmed by scientific
00:19:38research. What does all this lead to?
00:19:42Public health measures are aimed at minimizing harm. In some
00:19:45countries, such as the USA, Australia, Italy
00:19:49and Ukraine, over-the-counter drugs are available to treat
00:19:53opioid overdoses. But let's finish the story with Purdue and the
00:19:56Sackler family. The company filed for bankruptcy, facing
00:20:00thousands of lawsuits over its role in the opioid crisis. In
00:20:042025, they reached a settlement in court. They are now
00:20:07required to pay $7.4
00:20:10billion for their role in fueling one of the most
00:20:13devastating healthcare crises in the US. It seems that throughout
00:20:17history, the same pattern repeats itself: opioid painkillers appear
00:20:21on the market with the same loud promises
00:20:25that this time they won't cause addiction, but this is almost
00:20:28always followed by a sharp surge in prescriptions, which leads to mass
00:20:32addiction. This is a terrifying chronicle of how profit, time and time
00:20:35again, is put above the well-being of the patient. And now that the new crisis related to
00:20:39tramadol is in full swing, the question remains: when will it end and
00:20:43with what? In the late sixties, West German
00:20:46television embarked on an experiment. Joseph Beuys
00:20:49punched himself in the face in a performance filmed specifically for
00:20:52television. This was art that, without any explanation, penetrated through
00:20:56flickering screens into living rooms across the country. People watched it,
00:20:59enjoying it or perhaps wondering what on earth they were seeing.
00:21:16In sixty-nine, German cameraman Gerry Schum came up with
00:21:23our main goal is to stop showing documentary films about
00:21:26art on television, instead of tearing art out of the gallery
00:21:30environment and transferring it to the TV screen, we want art
00:21:33to be experienced directly through
00:21:36television. This was called process
00:21:39art. Here's one example: Joseph Beuys boxing with
00:21:43himself. This was not art that hangs on a wall, but
00:21:47art that is broadcast directly into homes
00:21:50through the television screen. The idea was supported by many well-known
00:21:54artists, among them was sculptor Ulrich
00:21:57Rückriem.
00:22:00The films we made were incredibly clear.
00:22:04They had everything, no more, no less, so there's not much
00:22:08to say about them.
00:22:10Art actions were shown without commentary, which created
00:22:14a problem for TV producers. They feared that viewers would not
00:22:18understand the work.
00:22:29So art entered all living rooms, outside museums, without
00:22:32entrance tickets, without
00:22:34explanations.
00:22:37Gerry Schum made films together with Ursula Wevers.
00:22:40The Center for Art and Media ZKM in Karlsruhe has now
00:22:44acquired their entire archive. It contains
00:22:46countless photographs documenting complex
00:22:50filming processes.
00:22:58For the perfect shot, they spared no expense or effort, were not
00:23:01afraid to take risks and even reached remote corners
00:23:04of the USA.
00:23:08On the roof of a bus by the sea, they found the perfect spot for
00:23:11the camera to capture Jan Dibbets' work, a flawless
00:23:15square, visible only through the lens.
00:23:18Everything was fine until... bringing
00:24:30water, pouring water. We were truly authentic
00:24:34representatives of process art, art that was not
00:24:37dead, in which time and place
00:24:40played a role. Again and again you went for water, filled
00:24:43the vessel, carried it somewhere, and then performed
00:24:47the act of creating art.
00:25:20prepare for future generations.
00:25:24ZKM has the necessary equipment to display
00:25:27film footage in the highest possible
00:25:29quality.
00:25:35Including Gino de Dominicis's failed attempt to fly in sixty-nine.
00:25:38взлететь в шестьдесят девятом
00:25:39году.
00:25:44In the background, a voice is heard saying that, unfortunately, he can't
00:25:48swim, but he can't fly either.
00:25:50So he decided to learn to fly, he would spend the rest of his
00:25:54life doing it, maybe his children too, then subsequent
00:25:57generations will eventually be able to
00:25:59fly.
00:26:01artists, like... visionaries, whether it's trying to make movies,
00:26:05flying in real life or on a TV
00:26:26Does your dog count steps to meet its daily
00:26:29quota?
00:26:32Does your hamster plan every meal, or
00:26:36perhaps your cat wears a sleep tracker to improve the quality
00:26:39of life? Some people do this, but
00:26:42why? Our correspondent Suzette Kleina decided
00:26:45to find out what she discovered, we'll tell you right
00:26:49now on the program "In Great Shape".
00:26:53To be a modern Buddhist means not to look like
00:26:56a cult member. Even in the harshest times
00:26:59of repression, the connection of the people with Buddhism.
00:28:41here the grass was all sand covering
00:28:44it. That year there was water, well, little, but
00:28:48there was. For this year, as of today, we see
00:28:52the picture, except for salt, we have nothing, the earth
00:28:55is recovering, the grass will recover, we just need to
00:28:58give the earth a chance to rest, right?
00:29:10this changes the actual attitude towards the head
00:29:12of the regime and its ruling elite, and
00:29:16the regime will fall, it is not eternal. The regime will fall. In Russia's
00:29:20interest, it is really to stop this war somehow.
00:29:44Our program offers viewers a closer
00:29:47look at the unique culture, traditions, and
00:29:51cuisine of European and Asian countries. We travel to
00:29:55picturesque corners of the world, visit
00:29:58historical sites, study the ancient heritage
00:30:01of civilizations, and also meet interesting
00:30:05people, try local cuisine, and
00:30:08together learn to cook it. We are
00:30:11opening our new season again with me,
00:30:14the host of the program, Zurab Dvali.
00:30:30Art in detail.
00:30:33Writer Leila Slimani talks about the final part
00:30:36of her family trilogy. Artist Rashid Johnson steps outside
00:30:40his comfort zone.
00:30:43And we'll also get to know Greenlandic photographer
00:30:46Inuuteq Storch better. But first, the history of things.
00:30:50Plastic surgery.
00:30:52My friend, where are your wrinkles? Who looks
00:30:56like this at 70 years old?